EP1145330A1 - Solar pane arrangement for vehicles - Google Patents

Solar pane arrangement for vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP1145330A1
EP1145330A1 EP00972870A EP00972870A EP1145330A1 EP 1145330 A1 EP1145330 A1 EP 1145330A1 EP 00972870 A EP00972870 A EP 00972870A EP 00972870 A EP00972870 A EP 00972870A EP 1145330 A1 EP1145330 A1 EP 1145330A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
solar
arrangement according
collecting electrode
solar cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00972870A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Pätz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH
Original Assignee
Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH filed Critical Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH
Publication of EP1145330A1 publication Critical patent/EP1145330A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H01L31/0201—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar window assembly for vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • Such a generic solar pane arrangement is known, for example, from DE 41 05 396 A1, wherein a plurality of crystalline solar cells, which are connected to one another via solder connectors, are arranged between an internal metallic carrier layer and an external curved glass cover layer, which also coats on its side facing the solar cells is provided with a ceramic screen print pattern that is melted onto the glass cover layer.
  • the solar cells are each glued to the glass cover layer and the metallic carrier layer by means of an adhesive film.
  • Conductor tracks serving as busbars, which are connected to a removal connection are also glued between the two adhesive foils, the solar cells also being connected to these conductor tracks by means of soldered connectors.
  • a part of the screen printing pattern extends along the edge of the solar cover and covers the take-off connection and the conductor tracks. Furthermore, strip-shaped parts of the screen printing pattern are provided in order to prevent the soldering connectors underneath from being seen through.
  • EP 0 343 628 A2 discloses a solar pane arrangement for a vehicle roof, in which an outer glass plate is coated with an alkali barrier, onto which transparent electrodes are vapor-deposited. A grid-like electrode and a collecting electrode are applied to these translucent electrodes by means of screen printing and subsequent baking in of a silver paste. Then a layer of an amorphous photoelectric material is placed on the transparent electrodes applied, on which in turn a rear electrode is applied. The electrodes on the back are followed by a colored intermediate layer, for example made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which is followed by the inner glass plate.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the grid electrodes serve to connect the translucent electrode and the rear electrode of two adjacent amorphous solar cells in order to establish an electrical connection between adjacent solar cells.
  • the collecting electrode serves to discharge the current of several amorphous solar cells.
  • a colored layer shielding the view is applied directly on the underside of the outer glass plate, which can be ceramic colored ink, which is applied by means of a printing process and then baked.
  • DE 31 11 724 A1 discloses a conductive capacitive sensor strip made of conductive silver which is printed and burned onto a motor vehicle window pane.
  • a disadvantage of the crystalline solar cell assembly known from DE 41 05 396 A1 is that the positioning of the individual solar cell strings, the solder connectors and the conductor tracks serving as the collecting electrode is complicated and prone to failure during the lamination process, so that the manufacture of the module is complex.
  • the or each collecting electrode is applied to an intermediate layer which is formed by a non-transparent cover layer, which is preferably a printed frit, which is formed above all in the peripheral edge region of the disk.
  • the or each collecting electrode is also printed, the or each collecting electrode preferably being formed by a conductive paste which is printed on and baked in using the screen printing method.
  • the or each solar cell unit is preferably formed by a solar cell string composed of a plurality of solar cells arranged in series, each solar cell unit preferably being laminated between two hotmelt adhesive film layers, one of the hotmelt adhesive film layers preferably lying directly on the underside of the pane and also the or each collecting electrode on the side facing away from the underside of the pane Side covered.
  • the electrical connectors are guided through recesses in the hot-melt adhesive film layer covering the collecting electrodes onto the collecting electrode.
  • the solar pane arrangement is preferably the solar cover for a vehicle roof.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the underside of a solar panel assembly according to the invention, the individual elements being partially cut away;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the underside of a solar cover according to the invention in a first embodiment
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic perspective view of the underside of a solar deck in a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structure of the edge area of the underside of a solar panel assembly for a motor vehicle, with a transparent
  • Glass pane 10 is printed in its peripheral edge area on the underside with a so-called glass frit 12, which was applied by means of screen printing and subsequent baking as a UV protective layer and privacy screen.
  • a collecting electrode 14 is applied, which is produced in that a highly conductive printing paste with a specific resistance of preferably less than 0.024 ⁇ / mm 2 / m in one
  • Thickness of at least 15 microns is applied by means of a screen printing process and then baked into the glass pane 10 or the glass frit 12. On the printed with the glass frit 12 or the collecting electrode 14
  • a first hot melt adhesive film 16 is applied, but not up to Edge of the glass sheet 10 must range.
  • Crystalline solar cells 18 are applied to this first hot-melt adhesive film 16, which are arranged in the form of solar cell units which are each formed by a solar cell string made up of a plurality of solar cells 18 arranged in series.
  • the solar cells of a string are each electrically connected in series by means of cell connectors.
  • the side of the solar cell 18 shown in FIG. 1 facing away from the glass pane 10 is contacted with two bus conductors 22 which serve to conduct the current generated by the solar cells 18 of the corresponding solar cell string to the collector electrode 14.
  • the two other ends of the busbars 22 are guided onto the busbar 14 in such a way that they contact the side of the busbar 14 which faces away from the glass pane 10.
  • the first hot-melt adhesive film 16 is provided with recesses 24 at the contact points.
  • a second hot-melt adhesive film 26 is applied to the side of the solar cells 18, the busbars 22 and the first hot-melt adhesive film 16 facing away from the glass pane 10 in order to protect the solar cell assembly.
  • the hot-melt adhesive films 16 and 26 can consist, for example, of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
  • Fig. 1 The technique described in Fig. 1 is preferably used to form a solar roof for a vehicle roof, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is shown in two embodiments.
  • a see-through area 28 is provided in a central area of the solar cover, in which there is neither a cover frit nor solar cells.
  • a solar cell package 30 which is only indicated schematically and which is constructed essentially in the manner described in FIG. 1.
  • a black glass frit 12 is applied in the peripheral area of the glass pane 10 outside the solar cell package 30, which on the one hand as UV protection and on the other hand as a cover for certain mechanical or electrical elements.
  • the solar cell package 30 is laminated on the side facing away from the glass pane 10 with a cover film. From both sides of the solar cell package 30, a collecting electrode 14, which is designed in the manner described in FIG. 1, is led out, which leads to a soldering point 32, which serves as a connection to corresponding contact parts.
  • the entire glass pane 10 is provided with solar cells 18, which are arranged in three strings, which are connected in series with one another, in that busbars 22 each lead out of the solar cell 18 on the side edge of each of the three strings are and are connected to a collecting electrode 14 according to FIG. 1.
  • Two of the collecting electrodes 14 serve to connect two soldering points or contact points (not shown in FIG. 3) to the corresponding pole of the solar module formed by the three strings, while the other two collecting electrodes 14 serve to effect the series connection of the three solar cell strings.
  • the current generated by the solar cover can be used in a known manner, for example to recharge the vehicle battery or to operate a parking fan.
  • the collecting electrode can then be printed directly on the glass pane. If, on the other hand, further intermediate layers are required on the glass plate, the collecting electrode can also be applied to these intermediate layers. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar pane arrangement for vehicles. Said arrangement is provided with a transparent pane (10), at least one solar cell unit (18) fixed to the lower side of the pane and at least one collector electrode (14) for deviating the electric energy produced by the or each solar cell unit. Electric connectors (22) are provided between the or each collector electrode and the or each solar cell unit and the or each solar cell unit consists of crystalline solar cells. The or each collector electrode (14) acting as a layer is directly applied to the lower side of the pane or an intermediate layer (12) applied thereon and is contacted by electric connectors (22) on the side thereof facing away from the pane.

Description

Solarscheibenanordnung für Fahrzeuge Solar panel assembly for vehicles
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Solarscheibenanordnung für Fahrzeuge gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren.The present invention relates to a solar window assembly for vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding manufacturing method.
Eine solche gattungsgemäße Solarscheibenanordnung ist beispielsweise aus DE 41 05 396 A1 bekannt, wobei eine Mehrzahl von kristallinen Solarzellen, die untereinander über Lötverbinder miteinander verbunden sind, zwischen einer innenliegenden metallischen Trägerschicht und einer außenliegenden gewölbten Glasdeckschicht angeordnet ist, die an ihrer den Solarzellen zugewendeten Seite mit einem keramischen Siebdruckmuster versehen ist, das auf die Glasdeckschicht aufgeschmolzen ist. Die Solarzellen sind jeweils mittels einer Klebefolie mit der Glasdeckschicht und der metallischen Trägerschicht verklebt. Als Sammelleiter dienende Leiterbahnen, die mit einem Abnahmeanschluß verbunden sind, sind ebenfalls zwischen den beiden Klebefolien eingeklebt, wobei die Solarzellen ebenfalls mittels Lötverbindern mit diesen Leiterbahnen verbunden sind. Ein Teil des Siebdruckmusters erstreckt sich entlang dem Rand des Solardeckels und überdeckt dabei den Abnahmeanschluß sowie die Leiterbahnen. Ferner sind streifenförmige Teile des Siebdruckmusters vorgesehen, um die Durchsicht auf die darunterliegenden Lötverbinder zu verhindern.Such a generic solar pane arrangement is known, for example, from DE 41 05 396 A1, wherein a plurality of crystalline solar cells, which are connected to one another via solder connectors, are arranged between an internal metallic carrier layer and an external curved glass cover layer, which also coats on its side facing the solar cells is provided with a ceramic screen print pattern that is melted onto the glass cover layer. The solar cells are each glued to the glass cover layer and the metallic carrier layer by means of an adhesive film. Conductor tracks serving as busbars, which are connected to a removal connection, are also glued between the two adhesive foils, the solar cells also being connected to these conductor tracks by means of soldered connectors. A part of the screen printing pattern extends along the edge of the solar cover and covers the take-off connection and the conductor tracks. Furthermore, strip-shaped parts of the screen printing pattern are provided in order to prevent the soldering connectors underneath from being seen through.
Aus EP 0 343 628 A2 ist eine Solarscheibenanordnung für ein Fahrzeugdach bekannt, bei welcher eine äußere Glasplatte mit einer Alkali-Barriere beschichtet ist, auf welche lichtdurchlässige Elektroden aufgedampft sind. Auf diese lichtdurchlässigen Elektroden ist mittels Siebdruck und anschließendem Einbacken einer Silberpaste eine gitterartige Elektrode sowie eine Sammelelektrode aufgebracht. Anschließend wird auf die lichtdurchlässigen Elektroden eine Schicht eines amorphen lichtelektrischen Materials aufgebracht, auf welches wiederum eine rückseitige Elektrode aufgebracht wird. Auf die rückseitigen Elektroden folgt eine gefärbte Zwischenlage, beispielsweise aus Ethylen-Vinyl-Acetat (EVA), an welche sich die innenliegende Glasplatte anschließt. Die Gitterelektroden dienen dazu, die lichtdurchlässige Elektrode und die rückseitige Elektrode zweier benachbarter amorpher Solarzellen zu verbinden, um eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen benachbarten Solarzellen herzustellen. Die Sammelelektrode dient dazu, den Strom mehrerer amorpher Solarzellen abzuführen. Im Randbereich, in welchem auch die Sammelelektrode verläuft, ist direkt auf der Unterseite der äußeren Glasplatte eine die Sicht abschirmende gefärbte Lage aufgebracht, bei welcher es sich um keramische Farbtinte handeln kann, die mittels eines Druckverfahrens aufgebracht und anschließend eingebacken wird.EP 0 343 628 A2 discloses a solar pane arrangement for a vehicle roof, in which an outer glass plate is coated with an alkali barrier, onto which transparent electrodes are vapor-deposited. A grid-like electrode and a collecting electrode are applied to these translucent electrodes by means of screen printing and subsequent baking in of a silver paste. Then a layer of an amorphous photoelectric material is placed on the transparent electrodes applied, on which in turn a rear electrode is applied. The electrodes on the back are followed by a colored intermediate layer, for example made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which is followed by the inner glass plate. The grid electrodes serve to connect the translucent electrode and the rear electrode of two adjacent amorphous solar cells in order to establish an electrical connection between adjacent solar cells. The collecting electrode serves to discharge the current of several amorphous solar cells. In the edge area, in which the collecting electrode also runs, a colored layer shielding the view is applied directly on the underside of the outer glass plate, which can be ceramic colored ink, which is applied by means of a printing process and then baked.
Aus DE 31 11 724 A1 ist ein auf eine Kraftfahrzeug-Fensterscheibe aufgedruckter und aufgebrannter leitender kapazitiver Sensorstreifen aus Leitsilber bekannt.DE 31 11 724 A1 discloses a conductive capacitive sensor strip made of conductive silver which is printed and burned onto a motor vehicle window pane.
Aus DE 43 04 788 A1 ist eine Fahrzeugheckscheibe bekannt, auf welche ein elektrischer Leiter als Steckeranschluß aufgebrannt ist. Ferner sind auch auf die Heckscheibe aufgebrannte elektrische Heizelemente genannt.From DE 43 04 788 A1 a vehicle rear window is known, on which an electrical conductor is burned as a plug connection. Electric heating elements burned onto the rear window are also mentioned.
Nachteilig bei dem aus DE 41 05 396 A1 bekannten kristallinen Solarzellenverbund ist, daß die Positionierung der einzelnen Solarzellenstrings, der Lötverbinder sowie der als Sammelelektrode dienenden Leiterbahnen während des Laminationsvorgangs kompliziert und störanfällig ist, so daß sich die Herstellung des Moduls aufwendig gestaltet.A disadvantage of the crystalline solar cell assembly known from DE 41 05 396 A1 is that the positioning of the individual solar cell strings, the solder connectors and the conductor tracks serving as the collecting electrode is complicated and prone to failure during the lamination process, so that the manufacture of the module is complex.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Solarscheibenanordnung sowie ein entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren zu schaffen, wobei die Herstellung vereinfacht wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Solarscheibenanordnung gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 17 gelöst.It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar panel arrangement and a corresponding manufacturing method, the manufacture being simplified. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a solar pane arrangement according to claim 1 and a manufacturing method according to claim 17.
Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist vorteilhaft, daß keine separaten Leiterbahnen bzw. Leiterstreifen oder Lötverbinder als Sammelelektroden erforderlich sind, so daß das Risiko einer unbeabsichtigten Verschiebung dieser Verbinder beim Laminieren ausgeschaltet wird, diese Verbinder als Teile eingespart werden, Platz eingespart wird, der für eine Klebeanbindung zur Verfügung steht, eine genauere Reproduzierbarkeit der Sammelelektroden erzielt wird und der Ausschuß reduziert wird.In this solution according to the invention it is advantageous that no separate conductor tracks or conductor strips or solder connectors are required as collecting electrodes, so that the risk of unintentional displacement of these connectors during lamination is eliminated, these connectors are saved as parts, and space is saved which is necessary for adhesive bonding is available, a more accurate reproducibility of the collecting electrodes is achieved and the reject is reduced.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode auf eine Zwischenschicht aufgebracht, die von einer nicht-transparenten Abdeckschicht gebildet wird, bei welcher es sich vorzugsweise um eine aufgedruckte Fritte handelt, die vor allem im Umfangsrandbereich der Scheibe ausgebildet ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the or each collecting electrode is applied to an intermediate layer which is formed by a non-transparent cover layer, which is preferably a printed frit, which is formed above all in the peripheral edge region of the disk.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist ferner die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode aufgedruckt, wobei die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode vorzugsweise von einer Leitpaste gebildet wird, die im Siebdruckverfahren aufgedruckt und eingebrannt wird. Vorzugsweise wird die bzw. jede Solarzelleneinheit von einem Solarzellenstring aus mehreren seriell angeordneten Solarzellen gebildet, wobei jede Solarzelleneinheit vorzugsweise zwischen zwei Schmelzklebefolienlagen einlaminiert ist, wobei eine der Schmelzklebefolienlagen vorzugsweise direkt an der Scheibenunterseite anliegt und auch die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode auf der von der Scheibenunterseite abgewandten Seite überdeckt. Dabei sind die elektrischen Verbinder durch Ausnehmungen in der die Sammelelektroden überdeckenden Schmelzklebefolienlage auf die Sammelelektrode geführt. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Solarscheibenanordnung um den Solardeckel für ein Fahrzeugdach.In an advantageous further development of the invention, the or each collecting electrode is also printed, the or each collecting electrode preferably being formed by a conductive paste which is printed on and baked in using the screen printing method. The or each solar cell unit is preferably formed by a solar cell string composed of a plurality of solar cells arranged in series, each solar cell unit preferably being laminated between two hotmelt adhesive film layers, one of the hotmelt adhesive film layers preferably lying directly on the underside of the pane and also the or each collecting electrode on the side facing away from the underside of the pane Side covered. The electrical connectors are guided through recesses in the hot-melt adhesive film layer covering the collecting electrodes onto the collecting electrode. The solar pane arrangement is preferably the solar cover for a vehicle roof.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further preferred configurations result from the subclaims.
Im folgenden ist die vorliegende Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert, wobei:The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Unterseite einer erfindungsgemäßen Solarscheibenanordnung ist, wobei die einzelnen Elemente zum Teil freigeschnitten sind;Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the underside of a solar panel assembly according to the invention, the individual elements being partially cut away;
Fig. 2 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht der Unterseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Solardeckels in einer ersten Ausführungsform zeigt; und2 shows a schematic perspective view of the underside of a solar cover according to the invention in a first embodiment; and
Fig. 3 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht der Unterseite eines Solardecks in einer zweiten Ausführungsform zeigt.3 shows a schematic perspective view of the underside of a solar deck in a second embodiment.
Fig. 1 zeigt den Aufbau des Randbereichs der Unterseite einer Solarscheibenanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei eine transparenteFig. 1 shows the structure of the edge area of the underside of a solar panel assembly for a motor vehicle, with a transparent
Glasscheibe 10 in ihrem Umfangsrandbereich auf der Unterseite mit einer sogenannten Glasfritte 12 bedruckt ist, die mitteis Siebdruck und anschließendem Einbrennen als UV-Schutzschicht und Sichtschutz aufgebracht wurde. Auf einem Teil des mit der Glasfritte 12 bedruckten Bereichs der Glasscheibe 10 ist eine Sammelelektrode 14 aufgebracht, die dadurch hergestellt wird, daß eine hochleitfähige Druckpaste mit einem spezifischen Widerstand von vorzugsweise weniger als 0,024 Ω/mm2/m in einerGlass pane 10 is printed in its peripheral edge area on the underside with a so-called glass frit 12, which was applied by means of screen printing and subsequent baking as a UV protective layer and privacy screen. On part of the area of the glass pane 10 printed with the glass frit 12, a collecting electrode 14 is applied, which is produced in that a highly conductive printing paste with a specific resistance of preferably less than 0.024 Ω / mm 2 / m in one
Dicke von mindestens 15 μm mittels eines Siebdruckverfahrens aufgebracht wird und anschließend in die Glasscheibe 10 bzw. die Glasfritte 12 eingebrannt wird. Auf den mit der Glasfritte 12 bzw. der Sammelelektrode 14 bedrucktenThickness of at least 15 microns is applied by means of a screen printing process and then baked into the glass pane 10 or the glass frit 12. On the printed with the glass frit 12 or the collecting electrode 14
Bereich der Glasplatte 10 sowie auf den unbedruckten Bereich der GlasplatteArea of the glass plate 10 and on the unprinted area of the glass plate
10 wird eine erste Schmelzklebefolie 16 aufgebracht, die jedoch nicht bis zum Rand der Glasscheibe 10 reichen muß. Auf diese erste Schmelzklebefolie 16 werden kristalline Solarzellen 18 aufgebracht, die in Form von Solarzelleneinheiten, die jeweils von einem Solarzellenstring aus mehreren seriell angeordneten Solarzellen 18 gebildet wird, angeordnet sind. Die Solarzellen eines Strings sind dabei jeweils mittels Zellenverbindern elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet. Die von der Glasscheibe 10 abgewandte Seite der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Solarzelle 18 ist dabei mit zwei Sammelleitern 22 kontaktiert, welche dazu dienen, den von den Solarzellen 18 des entsprechenden Solarzellenstrings erzeugten Strom zu der Sammelelektrode 14 zu führen. Zu diesem Zweck sind die beiden anderen Enden der Sammelleiter 22, so auf die Sammelelektrode 14 geführt, daß sie die Seite der Sammelelektrode 14 kontaktieren, welche von der Glasscheibe 10 abgewandt ist. Dabei ist die erste Schmelzklebefolie 16 an den Kontaktstellen mit Ausnehmungen 24 versehen. Auf die von der Glasscheibe 10 abgewandte Seite der Solarzellen 18, der Sammelleiter 22 sowie der ersten Schmelzklebefolie 16 ist eine zweite Schmelzklebefolie 26 aufgebracht, um den Solarzellenverbund zu schützen. Die Schmelzklebefolien 16 und 26 können beispielsweise aus Ethylen-Vinyi- Acetat bestehen.10, a first hot melt adhesive film 16 is applied, but not up to Edge of the glass sheet 10 must range. Crystalline solar cells 18 are applied to this first hot-melt adhesive film 16, which are arranged in the form of solar cell units which are each formed by a solar cell string made up of a plurality of solar cells 18 arranged in series. The solar cells of a string are each electrically connected in series by means of cell connectors. The side of the solar cell 18 shown in FIG. 1 facing away from the glass pane 10 is contacted with two bus conductors 22 which serve to conduct the current generated by the solar cells 18 of the corresponding solar cell string to the collector electrode 14. For this purpose, the two other ends of the busbars 22 are guided onto the busbar 14 in such a way that they contact the side of the busbar 14 which faces away from the glass pane 10. The first hot-melt adhesive film 16 is provided with recesses 24 at the contact points. A second hot-melt adhesive film 26 is applied to the side of the solar cells 18, the busbars 22 and the first hot-melt adhesive film 16 facing away from the glass pane 10 in order to protect the solar cell assembly. The hot-melt adhesive films 16 and 26 can consist, for example, of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
Die in Fig. 1 beschriebene Technik wird vorzugsweise verwendet, um einen Solardeckel für ein Fahrzeugdach zu bilden, wie er in den Fign. 2 und 3 in zwei Ausführungsformen dargestellt ist.The technique described in Fig. 1 is preferably used to form a solar roof for a vehicle roof, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is shown in two embodiments.
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 2 ist in einem mittleren Bereich des Solardeckels ein Durchsichtsbereich 28 vorgesehen, in welchem sich weder eine Abdeckfritte noch Solarzellen befinden. Im vorderen oder hinteren Randbereich des Solardeckels ist ein nur schematisch angedeutetes Solarzellenpaket 30 vorgesehen, welches im wesentlichen in der in Fig. 1 beschriebenen Art aufgebaut ist. In dem Umfangsbereich der Glasscheibe 10 außerhalb des Solarzellenpakets 30 ist eine schwarze Glasfritte 12 aufgebracht, die einerseits als UV-Schutz und andererseits als Abdeckung für bestimmte mechanische oder elektrische Elemente dient. Das Solarzellenpaket 30 ist auf der von der Glasscheibe 10 abgewandten Seite mit einer Abdeckfolie laminiert. Aus dem Solarzellenpaket 30 ist zu beiden Seiten jeweils eine in der in Fig. 1 beschriebenen Weise ausgebildete Sammelelektrode 14 herausgeführt, die jeweils zu einem Lötpunkt 32 führt, der als Anschluß an entsprechende Kontaktteile dient.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a see-through area 28 is provided in a central area of the solar cover, in which there is neither a cover frit nor solar cells. Provided in the front or rear edge region of the solar cover is a solar cell package 30 which is only indicated schematically and which is constructed essentially in the manner described in FIG. 1. In the peripheral area of the glass pane 10 outside the solar cell package 30, a black glass frit 12 is applied, which on the one hand as UV protection and on the other hand as a cover for certain mechanical or electrical elements. The solar cell package 30 is laminated on the side facing away from the glass pane 10 with a cover film. From both sides of the solar cell package 30, a collecting electrode 14, which is designed in the manner described in FIG. 1, is led out, which leads to a soldering point 32, which serves as a connection to corresponding contact parts.
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 ist im wesentlichen die gesamte Glasscheibe 10 mit Solarzellen 18 versehen, die in drei Strings angeordnet sind, die in Reihe zueinander geschaltet sind, indem Sammelleiter 22 jeweils aus der am seitlichen Rand liegenden Solarzelle 18 jedes der drei Strings herausgeführt sind und mit einer gemäß Fig. 1 ausgebildeten Sammelelektrode 14 verbunden sind. Zwei der Sammelelektroden 14 dienen dazu, zwei in Fig. 3 nicht dargestellte Lötpunkte bzw. Kontaktpunkte mit dem entsprechenden Pol des von den drei Strings gebildeten Solarmoduls zu verbinden, während die beiden anderen Sammelelektroden 14 dazu dienen, die Reihenschaltung der drei Solarzellenstrings zu bewirken.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, essentially the entire glass pane 10 is provided with solar cells 18, which are arranged in three strings, which are connected in series with one another, in that busbars 22 each lead out of the solar cell 18 on the side edge of each of the three strings are and are connected to a collecting electrode 14 according to FIG. 1. Two of the collecting electrodes 14 serve to connect two soldering points or contact points (not shown in FIG. 3) to the corresponding pole of the solar module formed by the three strings, while the other two collecting electrodes 14 serve to effect the series connection of the three solar cell strings.
Der von dem Solardeckel erzeugte Strom kann in bekannter Weise beispielsweise zum Nachladen der Fahrzeugbatterie oder zum Betrieb eines Standlüfters verwendet werden.The current generated by the solar cover can be used in a known manner, for example to recharge the vehicle battery or to operate a parking fan.
Falls keine Abdeckung eines Teils der Glasplatte mittels einer Fritte erforderlich ist, kann diese weggelassen werden und die Sammelelektrode kann dann direkt auf die Glasscheibe aufgedruckt werden. Falls andererseits weitere Zwischenschichten auf der Glasplatte erforderlich sind, kann die Sammelelektrode auch auf diese Zwischenschichten aufgebracht werden. BezugszeichenlisteIf it is not necessary to cover a part of the glass plate by means of a frit, this can be omitted and the collecting electrode can then be printed directly on the glass pane. If, on the other hand, further intermediate layers are required on the glass plate, the collecting electrode can also be applied to these intermediate layers. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Glasscheibe 10Glass pane 10
Glasfritte 12Glass frit 12
Sammelelektrode 14 erste Schmelzklebefolienschicht 16Collecting electrode 14 first hot melt adhesive layer 16
Solarzellen 18Solar cells 18
Zellenverbinder 20Cell connector 20
Sammelleiter 22Busbar 22
Ausnehmungen in 16 24 zweite Schmelzklebefolienschicht 26Recesses in 16 24 second hot melt adhesive layer 26
Durchsichtbereich 28Viewing area 28
Solarzellenpaket 30Solar cell package 30
Lötpunkt 32 Solder point 32

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Solarscheibenanordnung für Fahrzeuge, mit einer transparenten Scheibe (10), mindestens einer an der Scheibenunterseite befestigten Solarzelleneinheit (18) und mindestens einer Sammelelektrode (14) zum1. Solar pane arrangement for vehicles, with a transparent pane (10), at least one solar cell unit (18) attached to the underside of the pane and at least one collecting electrode (14) for
Ableiten der von der bzw. jeder Solarzelleneinheit erzeugten elektrischen Energie, wobei elektrische Verbinder (22) zwischen der bzw. jeder Sammelelektrode und der bzw. jeder Solarzelleneinheit vorgesehen sind und die bzw. jede Solarzelleneinheit aus kristallinen Solarzellen besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) alsDeriving the electrical energy generated by the or each solar cell unit, electrical connectors (22) being provided between the or each collector electrode and the or each solar cell unit and the or each solar cell unit consisting of crystalline solar cells, characterized in that the or each collecting electrode (14) as
Schicht direkt auf die Scheibenunterseite oder eine darauf aufgebrachte Zwischenschicht (12) aufgebracht ist und auf ihrer von der Scheibe abgewandten Seite von den entsprechenden elektrischen Verbindern (22) kontaktiert ist.Layer is applied directly to the underside of the pane or an intermediate layer (12) applied thereon and is contacted on its side facing away from the pane by the corresponding electrical connectors (22).
2. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) auf eine Zwischenschicht (12) aufgebracht ist, die von einer nicht-transparenten Abdeckschicht gebildet wird.2. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the or each collecting electrode (14) is applied to an intermediate layer (12) which is formed by a non-transparent cover layer.
3. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abdeckschicht von einer aufgedruckten Fritte (12) gebildet wird.3. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the cover layer is formed by a printed frit (12).
4. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abdeckschicht (12) nur im Umfangsrandbereich der Scheibe (10) ausgebildet ist.4. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cover layer (12) is formed only in the peripheral edge region of the disc (10).
5. Solarscheibenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) aufgedruckt ist. 5. Solar panel arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each collecting electrode (14) is printed.
6. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) einer Leitpaste gebildet wird, die im Siebdruckverfahren aufgedruckt und eingebrannt ist.6. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the or each collecting electrode (14) is formed of a conductive paste which is printed on and baked in the screen printing process.
7. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitfähigkeit der Leitpaste weniger als 0,024 Ohm/mm2/m beträgt.7. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the conductivity of the conductive paste is less than 0.024 ohm / mm 2 / m.
8. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der bzw. jeder Sammelelektrode (14) mindestens 15 μm beträgt.8. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 5 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the or each collecting electrode (14) is at least 15 microns.
9. Solarscheibenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Solarzelleneinheit von einem Solarzellenstring aus mehreren seriell angeordneten Solarzellen (18) gebildet wird.9. Solar panel arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each solar cell unit is formed by a solar cell string from a plurality of serially arranged solar cells (18).
10. Solarscheibenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bzw. jede Solarzelleneinheit (18) zwischen zwei Schmelzklebefolienlagen (16, 26) einlaminiert ist.10. Solar pane arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each solar cell unit (18) is laminated between two hot melt adhesive film layers (16, 26).
11. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Schmelzklebefolienlagen (16) direkt an der Scheibenunterseite anliegt.11. Solar pane arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that one of the hot melt adhesive layers (16) bears directly on the underside of the pane.
12. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die direkt an der Scheibenunterseite anliegende12. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the directly abutting the underside of the pane
Schmelzklebefolienlage (16) auch die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) auf der von der Scheibenunterseite abgewandten Seite überdeckt.Hot melt adhesive film layer (16) also covers the or each collecting electrode (14) on the side facing away from the underside of the pane.
13. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrischen Verbinder (22) durch Ausnehmungen (24) in der die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode (14) überdeckende Schmelzklebefolienlage13. Solar panel arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the electrical connector (22) through recesses (24) in the or each collecting electrode (14) covering hot melt adhesive layer
(16) auf die Sammelelektrode(n) geführt sind. (16) are guided onto the collecting electrode (s).
14. Solarscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelzklebefolienlagen (16, 26) aus Ethylen- Vinyl-Acetat bestehen.14. Solar pane arrangement according to claim 10 to 13, characterized in that the hot-melt adhesive film layers (16, 26) consist of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
15. Solarscheibenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Scheibe (10) von einer Glasscheibe gebildet wird.15. Solar pane arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pane (10) is formed by a glass pane.
16. Solarscheibenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei der Solarscheibenanordnung um den Solardeckel für ein Fahrzeugdach handelt.16. Solar pane arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar pane arrangement is the solar cover for a vehicle roof.
17. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Solarscheibenanordnung für ein Fahrzeug, wobei auf eine transparente Scheibe (10) mindestens eine Sammelelektrode (14) aufgebracht wird, eine erste17. A method for producing a solar pane arrangement for a vehicle, at least one collecting electrode (14) being applied to a transparent pane (10), a first one
Schmelzklebefolienlage (16) auf einen Bereich der Scheibe aufgebracht wird, welcher den Bereich der Sammelelektrode(n) mit einschließt, mindestens eine Solarzelleneinheit (18) in einen von derHot melt adhesive film layer (16) is applied to an area of the pane which includes the area of the collecting electrode (s), at least one solar cell unit (18) in one of the
Schmelzklebefolienlage abgedeckten Bereich eingebracht wird, die bzw. jede Sammelelektrode auf ihrer von der Scheibe abgewandten Seite durch Öffnungen in der ersten Schmelzklebefolienlage mittels elektrischen Verbindern (22) mit der bzw. jeder Solarzelleneinheit elektrisch verbunden wird, eine zweite Schmelzklebefolieπlage (26) auf die bzw. jedeA hot melt film layer covered area is introduced, which or each collector electrode on its side facing away from the pane is electrically connected to the or each solar cell unit through openings in the first hot melt film layer by means of electrical connectors (22), a second hot melt film layer (26) on the or each
Solarzelleneinheit aufgebracht wird, und die Solarscheibenanordnung laminiert wird. Solar cell unit is applied, and the solar panel assembly is laminated.
EP00972870A 1999-11-19 2000-10-26 Solar pane arrangement for vehicles Withdrawn EP1145330A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19956021 1999-11-19
DE19956021A DE19956021C1 (en) 1999-11-19 1999-11-19 Solar panel, for use in sun roof of cars, comprises transparent panel with solar cell unit connected to collector electrode consisting of coating applied directly to panel or to intermediate coating
PCT/EP2000/010541 WO2001039278A1 (en) 1999-11-19 2000-10-26 Solar pane arrangement for vehicles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1145330A1 true EP1145330A1 (en) 2001-10-17

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ID=7929837

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EP00972870A Withdrawn EP1145330A1 (en) 1999-11-19 2000-10-26 Solar pane arrangement for vehicles

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EP (1) EP1145330A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003515935A (en)
CN (1) CN1336011A (en)
DE (1) DE19956021C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001039278A1 (en)

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JP5089569B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2012-12-05 シャープ株式会社 Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof
JP4526223B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2010-08-18 シャープ株式会社 Wiring member, solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof
JP2005067472A (en) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-17 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Sunroof apparatus
DE102007050125A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Daimler Ag Covering part for a motor vehicle and method for producing a trim part
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DE102015011366B4 (en) 2015-08-28 2017-03-16 Audi Ag Control panel with head-up display for a motor vehicle
CN208077998U (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-11-09 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 Generator unit and power generator
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WO2001039278A1 (en) 2001-05-31
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JP2003515935A (en) 2003-05-07

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