EP1145259B1 - Alliages magnetiques doux a haute resistance - Google Patents

Alliages magnetiques doux a haute resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1145259B1
EP1145259B1 EP99934945A EP99934945A EP1145259B1 EP 1145259 B1 EP1145259 B1 EP 1145259B1 EP 99934945 A EP99934945 A EP 99934945A EP 99934945 A EP99934945 A EP 99934945A EP 1145259 B1 EP1145259 B1 EP 1145259B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
soft magnetic
magnetic alloy
less
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99934945A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1145259A3 (fr
EP1145259A2 (fr
Inventor
Rodney Major
William Gemmell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carpenter Technology UK Ltd
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Carpenter Technology UK Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1145259A3 publication Critical patent/EP1145259A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved soft magnetic alloys.
  • the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such alloys.
  • Specialised soft magnetic alloys are needed for electrical machine components moving at high speed. Examples of such machines are electrical generators and magnetic bearings. Higher operational speeds are sought in order to achieve improved performance and to widen the field of operation of these machines. As a consequence, soft magnetic materials having increased mechanical strength, and in particular increased yield stress, are required to withstand the stress levels associated with higher rotation speeds. Typically, a minimum yield stress of 600 MPa is specified.
  • both a stator and a rotor are constructed from laminations stamped from a strip of soft magnetic material.
  • both the stator and rotor laminations are preferably stamped from the same soft magnetic alloy strip.
  • the soft magnetic alloy should preferably exhibit high magnetic saturation and low eddy current losses.
  • the main technology used hitherto for soft magnetic alloys in such applications is an alloy consisting essentially of 45-55% Co, 1.5-2.5% V, with the balance Fe.
  • the preferred composition is 49/49/2 Fe/Co/V.
  • the vanadium is added to improve ductility for cold working and also to increase resistivity, thus reducing eddy current losses.
  • the mechanical and magnetic properties of such alloys are summarised in Table 2 below.
  • GB-A-1523881 describes the addition of nickel to the 49/49/2 Fe/CoN alloy to produce a substantial increase in yield stress.
  • the alloy has composition 44% cobalt, 3.5% nickel, 1.5% vanadium and the balance iron. These alloys have increased yield strength, but exhibit less favourable magnetic saturation and 400 Hz eddy current losses than the basic 49/49/2 alloys, as summarised in Table 2 below (Alloy A).
  • GB-A-2207927 describes soft magnetic alloys comprising 33-55% cobalt, 0.15%-0.5% tantalum or niobium or mixtures thereof, and the balance iron.
  • the use of tantalum or niobium instead of vanadium results in improved magnetic saturation as compared to 49Co/49Fe/2V alloys. See Alloy C in Table 2.
  • US-A-3634072 describes a soft magnetic alloy containing 45-52% cobalt, 0.5-2.5% vanadium, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.02-0.5% niobium and 0.07-0.3% zirconium, and the balance iron.
  • the preferred compositions and examples all contain at least 1.5% of vanadium, preferably 1.8-2.2% vanadium.
  • a version of such an alloy is commercially available under the registered trade mark HIPERCO Alloy 50HS from Carpenter Technology Corporation, and typically contains 49% cobalt, 1.9% vanadium, 0.3% niobium, and the balance iron and minor impurities.
  • the magnetic properties of such an alloy are, however, inferior to those 49Co/49Fe/2V, as can be seen from the example (Alloy B) in Table 2 below.
  • FeCo soft magnetic alloys containing niobium or tantalum, and containing quantities of vanadium substantially less than the conventional 2% by weight have surprisingly improved mechanical and soft magnetic properties. Furthermore, these properties can be tailored for different applications by controlled heat treatment of the alloys.
  • the present invention provides a soft magnetic alloy consisting essentially of:
  • the term "consisting essentially of” implies that the alloy consists of the stated components, plus incidental impurities present in amounts too small to influence the mechanical or magnetic properties of the alloy to any significant extent.
  • the total level of such incidental impurities is less than 0.3% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the soft magnetic alloy preferably comprises 48 to 51% cobalt, 0.9% to 1.3% vanadium, 0.25% to 0.4% niobium or tantalum, less than 0.15% manganese, less than 0.15% silicon, and less than 0.02% carbon.
  • the soft magnetic alloys contain less than 0.1% niobium, and more preferably they contain less than 0.02% of niobium, most preferably substantially no niobium.
  • the soft magnetic alloy may be in the form of a powder, or an article such as a rod, strip or the like.
  • the soft magnetic alloy is in the form of a strip, whereby laminations for a magnetic machine can be stamped from the strip.
  • the grain size and order/disorder state of the individual grains in the strip can be controlled by conventional metallurgical techniques such as melting, rolling, annealing, quenching and the like in known fashion.
  • the formed article has a yield strength of at least 500 MN/m 2 , more preferably at least 600 MN/m 2 .
  • the present invention also provides a rotor for an electrical machine, wherein the rotor comprises a soft magnetic alloy according to the present invention, said alloy preferably having a yield strength of at least 600 MN/m 2 .
  • the present invention further provides an electrical machine comprising a rotor according to the invention and a stator according to the invention.
  • the soft magnetic alloy of the rotor and the soft magnetic alloy of the stator have the same chemical composition. This can be accomplished by stamping the rotor and the stator from the same soft magnetic alloy strip, followed by different heat treatments of the rotor and stator laminations to provide the desired mechanical and magnetic properties.
  • the present invention further provides a process for the preparation of a soft magnetic alloy comprising the steps of: providing an alloy composition consisting essentially of:
  • the alloy composition is a composition according to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention as hereinbefore defined.
  • the alloy composition may be formed, for example, by vacuum induction melting of the metal components.
  • the heat treatment step is typically carried out under vacuum, or under a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen, or under an inert atmosphere such as argon, or under mixtures of such atmospheres.
  • the heat treatment is preferably carried out for a time of from 0.5 to 8 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours.
  • the heat treatment is preferably carried out either in a temperature range of 850°C to 920°C, or in a temperature range from 700°C to 760°C.
  • the higher temperature range tends to give improved permeability and lower magnetic induction losses.
  • heat treatment at the higher temperature tends to lower the yield strength of the resulting alloy.
  • carrying out the heat treatment in a temperature range of 700-760°C gives a material having a higher yield strength, but generally less good magnetic properties.
  • both the rotor and the stator components can be formed from the same alloy composition, or even stamped from the same strip, followed by different heat treatment regimes to achieve the desired balance of mechanical and magnetic properties.
  • the alloy composition is processed into an alloy body, preferably an alloy strip, prior to the step of heat treating.
  • this process comprises melting the alloy, hot working the alloy, reheating the alloy above its order/disorder temperature, followed by quenching the alloy to lock in the disordered state.
  • a 49%Co/49%Fe/2%V alloy strip was prepared by vacuum melting, hot working to a 2.5 mm thick strip, reheating above the order/disorder temperature, water quenching and rolling to 0.35 mm final thickness. Magnetic and tensile test samples were stamped from the strip. The test samples were heat treated in dry hydrogen for 2 hours at 680°C and 760°C. The mechanical and magnetic properties of the resulting strips are shown in Table 1.
  • the 49Co/49Fe/2V strip annealed at 680°C has high yield strength, but relatively poor magnetic saturation and induction losses.
  • the sample heat treated at 760°C has good magnetic induction saturation and low losses, but a yield strength that is too low for use in electrical machine components subject to high operational loadings.
  • the alloys according to the present invention annealed at 720°C provide not only a yield strength above 600 MN/m 2 making them suitable for use in high stress components such as rotors, but also exhibit excellent magnetic properties.
  • the alloys according to the present invention annealed at 880°C exhibit lower yield strengths, combined with outstanding magnetic properties. The higher temperature annealed strips are therefore extremely well suited for use in stator components of electrical machines.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Alliage magnétique doux constitué essentiellement de :
    45% à 50% de cobalt;
    0,8% à moins de 1,5% de vanadium;
    0,15% à 0,5% de niobium ou de tantale ou de leurs mélanges;
    0% à 0,3% de manganèse;
    0% à 0,2% de silicium;
    0% à 0,1% de carbone; et
    le restant de fer,
    tous les pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total de l'alliage.
  2. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 1 sous la forme d'un article ayant une tension de fluage d'au moins 500 MN/m2.
  3. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit article a une tension de fluage d'au moins 600 MN/m2.
  4. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ayant une induction magnétique supérieure à 2,05 T à une intensité de champ H=1600 A/m.
  5. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ayant une induction magnétique supérieure à 2,10 T à une intensité de champ H=1600 A/m.
  6. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une bande d'une épaisseur de 0,35 mm dudit alliage présente des pertes d'induction magnétique inférieures à 150 W/kg à B=2T et 400 Hz.
  7. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une bande d'une épaisseur de 0,35 mm dudit alliage présente des pertes d'induction magnétique inférieures à 100 W/kg à B=2T et 400 Hz.
  8. Rotor pour machine électrique, comprenant un alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  9. Stator pour machine électrique, comprenant un alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7.
  10. Machine électrique comprenant un rotor selon la revendication 8 et un stator selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle l'alliage magnétique doux du rotor et l'alliage magnétique doux du stator ont la même composition chimique.
  11. Procédé pour la préparation d'un alliage magnétique doux comprenant les étapes suivantes :
       on réalise une composition d'alliage constituée essentiellement de :
    45% à 55% de cobalt;
    0,8% à moins de 1,5% de vanadium;
    0,15% à 0,5% de niobium ou de tantale ou de leurs mélanges;
    0 à 0,3% de manganèse;
    0 à 0,2% de silicium;
    0 à 0,1% de carbone; et
    le reste de fer,
    tous les pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total de l'alliage; et
       on traite à chaud ladite composition d'alliage dans des conditions non oxydantes à une température de 700°C à 920°C.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ladite étape de traitement thermique est effectuée sur une période de 0,5 à 8 heures.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel ladite étape de traitement thermique est effectuée à une température de 850°C à 920°C.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel ladite étape de traitement thermique est effectuée à un température de 700°C à 760°C.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, comprenant en outre l'étape de traitement de ladite composition d'alliage pour former un article moulé avant ladite étape de traitement thermique.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ladite étape de traitement comprend la fusion dudit alliage, le travail à chaud dudit alliage, le réchauffage dudit alliage au-dessus de sa température d'ordre-désordre et la trempe dudit alliage.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 15 ou 16, dans lequel ledit article est une bande.
EP99934945A 1998-07-24 1999-07-23 Alliages magnetiques doux a haute resistance Expired - Lifetime EP1145259B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9816232 1998-07-24
GB9816232A GB2339798B (en) 1998-07-24 1998-07-24 High Strength soft magnetic alloys
PCT/GB1999/002395 WO2000005733A2 (fr) 1998-07-24 1999-07-23 Alliages magnetiques doux a haute resistance

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1145259A2 EP1145259A2 (fr) 2001-10-17
EP1145259B1 true EP1145259B1 (fr) 2002-12-04
EP1145259A3 EP1145259A3 (fr) 2002-12-18

Family

ID=10836175

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99934945A Expired - Lifetime EP1145259B1 (fr) 1998-07-24 1999-07-23 Alliages magnetiques doux a haute resistance

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1145259B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE229223T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5056299A (fr)
DE (1) DE69904367T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2189451T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2339798B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000005733A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9243304B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2016-01-26 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Company Kg Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy
US11827961B2 (en) 2020-12-18 2023-11-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg FeCoV alloy and method for producing a strip from an FeCoV alloy

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2495465B (en) * 2011-07-01 2014-07-09 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy
DE202012003643U1 (de) * 2012-04-10 2012-04-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Rotor für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine und rotierende elektrische Maschine
DE202012000842U1 (de) 2012-01-26 2012-02-03 Continental Automotive Gmbh Rotor für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine und Elektromotor
EP2807727B1 (fr) 2012-01-26 2020-03-11 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Rotor pour machine électrique tournante et machine électrique tournante
EP2807728B1 (fr) 2012-01-26 2016-09-28 Continental Automotive GmbH Rotor pour machine électrique tournante
BR112019008105B1 (pt) 2016-10-21 2022-10-18 Crs Holdings, Llc Processo para fabricar um artigo de manufatura a partir de uma liga fe-co magnética- macia
DE102021107416A1 (de) 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Synchrone Reluktanzmaschine mit partiell modifizierten Elektroblechen, Rotor, Kraftfahrzeug und Herstellverfahren
CN114717460A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-07-08 钢铁研究总院 一种高强度铁钴软磁合金带材及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634072A (en) * 1970-05-21 1972-01-11 Carpenter Technology Corp Magnetic alloy
JP2701306B2 (ja) * 1988-04-05 1998-01-21 大同特殊鋼株式会社 Ｆｅ−Ｃｏ系磁性合金の製造方法
US5501747A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-03-26 Crs Holdings, Inc. High strength iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy article
JPH09228007A (ja) * 1996-02-22 1997-09-02 Toshiba Corp 高強度磁歪合金、センサーコアおよびそれを用いた荷重センサー
JPH1088301A (ja) * 1996-09-19 1998-04-07 Tohoku Tokushuko Kk 鉄−コバルト合金板の製造方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9243304B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2016-01-26 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Company Kg Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy
US11827961B2 (en) 2020-12-18 2023-11-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg FeCoV alloy and method for producing a strip from an FeCoV alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000005733A3 (fr) 2002-10-17
GB2339798A (en) 2000-02-09
ATE229223T1 (de) 2002-12-15
ES2189451T3 (es) 2003-07-01
GB2339798B (en) 2002-12-11
WO2000005733A2 (fr) 2000-02-03
DE69904367D1 (de) 2003-01-16
DE69904367T2 (de) 2003-10-09
AU5056299A (en) 2000-02-14
EP1145259A3 (fr) 2002-12-18
GB9816232D0 (en) 1998-09-23
EP1145259A2 (fr) 2001-10-17

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