EP1136776B1 - Vorrichtung zur Einspritzung von festen Brennstoffen in zerstäubter Form in einem Zementofen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Einspritzung von festen Brennstoffen in zerstäubter Form in einem Zementofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1136776B1
EP1136776B1 EP01200982A EP01200982A EP1136776B1 EP 1136776 B1 EP1136776 B1 EP 1136776B1 EP 01200982 A EP01200982 A EP 01200982A EP 01200982 A EP01200982 A EP 01200982A EP 1136776 B1 EP1136776 B1 EP 1136776B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
piping
coaxial
sectors
annular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01200982A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1136776A3 (de
EP1136776A2 (de
Inventor
Roberto Rizzi
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Italcementi SpA
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Italcementi SpA
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Publication of EP1136776A2 publication Critical patent/EP1136776A2/de
Publication of EP1136776A3 publication Critical patent/EP1136776A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1136776B1 publication Critical patent/EP1136776B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/32—Arrangement of devices for charging
    • F27B7/3205—Charging
    • F27B2007/3211—Charging at the open end of the drum
    • F27B2007/3217—Charging at the open end of the drum axially, optionally at some distance in the kiln
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a device for injecting solid fuels into a cement kiln.
  • the device object of the invention is suitably designed for burners operating with both two fuels (solid and liquid fuels), and with three fuels (gaseous, liquid and solid fuels), in particular with different combinations of the three fossil fuels.
  • a possible solid fuel for such kilns is, for example, atomised coal.
  • nitric oxides are the most important gaseous pollutants produced during the combustion and emitted by the exhausted smokes to the environment in the different industrial production processes.
  • NO x Without going to the heart of the different (thermal, fuel and prompt) mechanisms of formation of the NO x , it is useful to note that the main formation of NO x depends on the fuel, on its nitrogen content, on the air excess, of the air pre-heating, on the flame temperature, and in cement kilns, on other typical parameters of the production process.
  • the air distribution and at first the aerodynamics along the burner axis affect the fuel fire point.
  • a burner of this kind is known from EP-A-0 836 048, and comprises ducts for the primary, secondary and tertiary air, arranged coaxially around its longitudinal axis, for supply of the primary, secondary and tertiary air, respectively, to a combustion chamber, means for accumulation of the air, means to give vorticity to the primary, secondary and tertiary air installed in the respective ducts, means for supply of fuel arranged within said ducts to inject the fuel into said combustion chamber.
  • a burner has a central liquid fuel feed duct with a stabiliser, surrounded by coaxial annular air feed, solid fuel feed, turbulent air feed and axial air feed ducts.
  • the solid fuel feed duct has two or more partitions dividing it into channels adjacent to its outlet end.
  • an oil gun for stabilising combustion is provided at the center portion, and an annular sectional oil primary air flow path surrounding the oil gun and an annular sectional pulverised coal and primary air mixture flow path surrounding the oil primary air flow path are provided.
  • an annular sectional secondary air flow path and an annular sectional tertiary air flow path surrounding the secondary air flow path are provided.
  • a pulverised coal supply pipe is connected in the tangential direction to the mixture flow path.
  • purpose of the present invention is that of realising a device which should allow solving the above disadvantages, thus optimising the combustion conditions.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is that of providing a burner which should be capable of guaranteeing an improved operation with respect to similar burners in terms of a further reduction of NO x emissions.
  • the device for injecting atomised solid fuels according to the invention is designed to be installed at the output mouth of a burner 11, coaxially to the central portion of the same burner 11.
  • Such central portion of burner 11 consists of a nozzle for liquid fuels 5, and of piping for injecting the solid fuel 1 and for injecting the inside air 4.
  • Figure 1 shows device 10 installed on burner 11, in turn inserted into a kiln 12 for clinker 13; there is also visible the coal injected by such burner 11.
  • device 10 relating to the present invention thus comprises an annular piping 1, which is coaxial to the liquid fuel nozzle 5.
  • the annular piping 1 has the purpose of concentrating the solid fuel dust into physically separate flows with different transport air/fuel ratios.
  • annular piping is divided into sectors 1a and 1b, which converge towards the mouth of burner 11 so as to allow the formation of alternate flows rich in solid fuel, and poor flows, as it shall be better illustrated in the following description.
  • Device 10 also exhibits a coaxial piping 2, outside the other coaxial piping, which has the purpose of shaping the flame, imparting the desired length to it, by confining the fuel flow and generating an effective and efficient inside recycle zone (which shall be indicated with the abbreviation IRZ in the following description).
  • the coaxial piping 2 can also be provided with a swirler for generating a rotational air flow.
  • Device 10 also exhibits an outside baffle 3 which actively helps to maintain the primary and secondary air flows as separate as necessary for preventing the re-entering of secondary air at high temperature in the IRZ.
  • the separation of primary and secondary air flows is sufficient for controlling the first stages of the combustion process relating to the NO x formation.
  • the inclination angle of baffle 3 can vary in the range 0° and 60° with respect to the longitudinal axis of burner 11.
  • the ratio between the greatest diameter of baffle 3 and the outside diameter of burner 11 varies in the range between 1.5 and 3.5.
  • baffle 3 As regards the length of baffle 3, it varies in the range between 100 mm and 800 mm, with respect to the profile of the mouth of burner 11, according to a plane passing through the axis of burner 11.
  • baffle 3 is a truncated cone realised and/or coated with refractory material of a suitable thickness, shape and union of the type used for coating burner 11.
  • coaxial piping 4 into burner 11 it can be provided or not according to different aspects, such as the capacity of burner 11, the type of solid fuel, the number of fuels to be used, the need of changing the shape of flame 14, and else.
  • Such coaxial piping 4 can also be provided with swirler for better performing the functionalities it is intended for.
  • the swirler of coaxial piping 2 and 4 varies from 0° to 60° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the burner in the view plane of figure 3.
  • These axial or radial flows are controlled through devices capable of ensuring a variable ratio between the two moments, guaranteeing the control of the air mixing with the fuel, and changing the flows for the purpose of generating an effective IRZ of smokes produced by the combustion.
  • the annular piping 1 consists of a group of at least 3 sectors (indicated with reference numeral 1a) converging towards the burner mouth, alternating with as many sectors, provided or not with swirler, and indicated with reference numeral 1b.
  • Such portion is sized so as to be arranged into an anulus coaxial to the burner axis and to the liquid fuel nozzle 5.
  • figure 2 shows a case with 4 sectors, provided with the coaxial piping 4.
  • the solid fuel dust is divided into various flows characterised by different local transport air/fuel ratios.
  • the transport air of the solid fuel dust feeds the device for injecting fuels with rich solid fuel flows at the periphery of the duct, and poor solid fuel flows at the centre.
  • the particular geometry of the annular piping 1 makes the rich flows enter directly into the free sectors 1a of the annular piping 1, whereas the poor ones flow - through swirler or not - into the other sectors 1b.
  • composition of the two-phase mixture in the proximity of the burner mouth depends on the features of the mixing process set by the particular aerodynamics induced by the coal nozzle, and in particular generated by the geometry of the coaxial piping 2 and 4, if present.
  • Such composition is the base parameter for controlling NO x , unburnt emissions, and the flame stability.
  • the device (figure 4) in according to the present invention consists of:
  • the operating conditions were:
  • Figure 5 shows the nitrogen oxide and free lime concentrations, as a function of the oxygen percentage at the kiln back-end, both in the case of the burner according to the present invention and of the one according to the standard low NO x design.
  • an effective and efficient flame internal recycle zone has been realised for keeping the temperature peaks under control, for reducing the time of permanence of the fuel into the air at a high temperature and producing a reducing zone or, which is the same - an excess of fuel into the ignition zone.
  • the geometry of the burner mouth has a primary importance for controlling the combustion and thus, the NO x production.
  • oxygen poor areas and fuel rich areas have been formed in the combustion zone, thus reducing the time of permanence of the fuel in the oxygen rich areas and preventing an excessive IRZ close to the burner mouth from producing local overheating phenomena which may damage the same burner.
  • the materials, shapes and sizes of the illustrated details can be of any type according to the requirements, and the same can be replaced with other technically equivalent details.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Vorrichtung (10) zum Einspritzen von festen Brennstoffen in zerstäubter Form in einen Zementofen (12), wobei die obige Vorrichtung (10) an der Öffnung eines Brenners (11) koaxial zu dem zentralen Abschnitt desselben Brenners (11) installiert ist und wenigstens eine zentrale Düse für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe (5) und eine ringförmige Rohrleitung (1), welche koaxial zu der Flüssigbrennstoffdüse (5) ist, zum Einspritzen des festen Brennstoffs in zerstäubter Form umfasst, wobei die Vorrichtung (10) auch eine koaxiale Rohrleitung (2) außerhalb der anderen koaxialen Rohrleitung aufweist, die den Zweck hat, die Flamme zu formen, wobei an der Vorrichtung (10) ein Außenleitblech (3) vorgesehen ist, und wobei die obige ringförmige Rohrleitung (1) in eine Gruppe von wenigstens drei Bereichen (1a) geteilt ist, durch welche eine Strömung reich an festem Brennstoff strömt, und von welchen jeder von einem entsprechenden Bereich (1b) abgewechselt wird, durch den eine Strömung arm an festem Brennstoff strömt, wobei die Bereiche (1a) und (1b) in Richtung der Brenneröffnung (11) konvergieren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenseite des Leitblechs (3) ein Kegelstumpf ist, der verwirklicht und/oder beschichtet ist mit einem hitzebeständigen Material mit einer geeigneten Dicke, Form und Verbindung ähnlich zu derjenigen, welche zur Beschichtung des Brenners verwendet wird, und dass der Neigungswinkel des Leitblechs (3) bezüglich der Längsachse des Brenners (11) zwischen 0 Grad und 60 Grad umfasst ist, und dass das Verhältnis zwischen dem größten Durchmesser des Leitblechs (3) und dem Außendurchmesser des Brenners (11) in dem Intervall 1,5 und 3,5 schwankt, und dass die Länge des Leitblechs (3) in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zu der Achse des Brenners ist, in dem Bereich zwischen 100 mm und 800 mm bezüglich des Profils der Brenneröffnung variiert.
  2. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie wenigstens eine erste koaxiale Rohrleitung (4) zum Einspritzen von Innenluft zwischen der zentralen Düse für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe (5) und der ringförmigen Rohrleitung (1) aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste koaxiale Rohrleitung (4) Mittel, um für eine Rotation der Luft zu sorgen, aufweist.
  4. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die obigen Bereiche (1b) Mittel, um für eine Rotation der Luft zu sorgen, aufweisen.
  5. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ringförmige Rohrleitung (1) in eine Gruppe von vier Bereichen (1a) geteilt ist, von denen jeder von einem entsprechenden Abschnitt (1b) abgewechselt wird.
  6. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verwirbler der koaxialen Rohrleitung (2, 4) bezüglich der Längsachse des Brenners zwischen 0 Grad und 60 Grad schwankt.
  7. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausströmbereiche der Transportluft/fester Brennstoff-Mischung an dem Eingang der Vorrichtung (10) im Wesentlichen 100% der ringförmigen Auslassabschnittsfläche entsprechen, während der Ausgangsabschnitt des ringförmigen Abschnitts abhängig von den verschiedenen industriellen Anwendungen zwischen 100% und 50% schwankt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die richtige Kombination all ihrer Teile es ermöglicht, die Abwechslung von armen und reichen Brennstoffzonen effektiv direkt in der Flamme (14) eines einzelnen Brenners (11) zu erreichen.
EP01200982A 2000-03-22 2001-03-16 Vorrichtung zur Einspritzung von festen Brennstoffen in zerstäubter Form in einem Zementofen Expired - Lifetime EP1136776B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2000MI000598A IT1316825B1 (it) 2000-03-22 2000-03-22 Dispositivo per l'iniezione di combustibili solidi in formapolverizzata in un forno da cemento
ITMI000598 2000-03-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1136776A2 EP1136776A2 (de) 2001-09-26
EP1136776A3 EP1136776A3 (de) 2002-08-14
EP1136776B1 true EP1136776B1 (de) 2006-05-10

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ID=11444579

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01200982A Expired - Lifetime EP1136776B1 (de) 2000-03-22 2001-03-16 Vorrichtung zur Einspritzung von festen Brennstoffen in zerstäubter Form in einem Zementofen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1136776B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE325997T1 (de)
CY (1) CY1105525T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60119417D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2263545T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1316825B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3882547A1 (de) * 2020-03-20 2021-09-22 Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH Brennerrohr, brennerrohrbaugruppe und brenner-einheit

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE570045C (de) * 1928-05-02 1933-02-10 Pierre Jules Justinien Andrieu Verfahren und Brenner zur Verbrennung gasfoermiger, fluessiger oder staubfoermiger Brennstoffe, insbesondere zur Beheizung von Zementdrehrohroefen
US3944142A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-03-16 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Split stream burner assembly
DD225489A1 (de) * 1984-07-06 1985-07-31 Leipzig Energiekombinat Zweistoffbrenner fuer kleindampferzeuger
DD258541A3 (de) * 1985-10-24 1988-07-27 Inst Energieversorgung Turbulenzgenerator, vorzugsweise fuer kohlenstaub- und/oder oelbetriebene brenner
DE3933050C2 (de) * 1989-10-04 2000-06-15 Pillard Feuerungen Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners für Drehrohröfen und Brenner hierfür
CA2162244C (en) * 1994-11-14 1999-04-27 Hideaki Oota Pulverized coal combustion burner
DK0836049T3 (da) * 1996-10-08 2002-04-08 Enel Spa Injektionsdyse til pulveriseret kul
FR2772888B1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 2000-03-10 Pillard Chauffage Amelioration aux bruleurs a combustible solide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1136776A3 (de) 2002-08-14
ATE325997T1 (de) 2006-06-15
IT1316825B1 (it) 2003-05-12
ES2263545T3 (es) 2006-12-16
ITMI20000598A1 (it) 2001-09-22
EP1136776A2 (de) 2001-09-26
ITMI20000598A0 (it) 2000-03-22
DE60119417D1 (de) 2006-06-14
CY1105525T1 (el) 2010-07-28

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