EP1134298A1 - Improvements in preheating metal strips, especially in galvanising or annealing lines - Google Patents

Improvements in preheating metal strips, especially in galvanising or annealing lines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1134298A1
EP1134298A1 EP01400142A EP01400142A EP1134298A1 EP 1134298 A1 EP1134298 A1 EP 1134298A1 EP 01400142 A EP01400142 A EP 01400142A EP 01400142 A EP01400142 A EP 01400142A EP 1134298 A1 EP1134298 A1 EP 1134298A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burners
preheating zone
preheating
zone
length
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Granted
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EP01400142A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1134298B1 (en
Inventor
Didier Delaunay
Alain Morel
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Fives Stein SA
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Stein Heurtey SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements made to the preheating of metal strips, especially steel strips, in direct fire preheating sections, installed in particular at the inlet hot dip galvanizing lines or in annealing lines.
  • the preheating is carried out according to several zones including the regulation of temperature is independent, generally according to four zones for high capacity lines and following two zones for low lines capacity, each of these zones being provided, for example, from four to six burners on each side of the oven.
  • the galvanized or annealed strips in the continuous lines have varying shades, widths or thicknesses and they also scroll at variable speeds, which conditions the heat demand of the zones of the oven which can vary in significant proportions.
  • variable heat demand for example when the formats or the tape speed is low, usually only a reduced number of these preheating zones by stopping the first zones in the direction advancement of the strip, or by maintaining them at a thermal regime minimum, equivalent to approximately 15 to 20% of their nominal power.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings in which there is shown schematically, in side elevation, an example of realization of a preheating installation comprising two zones of preheating.
  • figure 1A which represents the calorific power used in the two preheating zones and the variation curve of the strip temperature in said zones.
  • the preheating installation of the strip 1 has two preheating zones 2 and 3. Each of these zones is equipped with burners 4 supplied with combustion air by a manifold 5 and in fuel by a collector 7.
  • the power injected into each zone is controlled by oxidizer flow control valves and fuel, respectively 6 and 8.
  • the heat output represented by the hatched area of the graph in FIG. 1A corresponds to 60% of the nominal power of the second zone 3, the first zone 1 operates at its minimum power, for example 15%.
  • Curve 9 shows the temperature rise of the strip in the areas of preheating. Under these conditions, the gas and wall temperature of the second preheating zone 3 stabilizes at low levels, from around 1150 ° C or lower.
  • the oxidation formed on the surface of the strip under these conditions must be eliminated, which requires the installation, downstream of the area of the preheats, from a holding zone, in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, long enough to remove the oxides formed by reduction.
  • This reduction must be carried out at high temperature which requires usually reheating the tape to levels that are not often achieved only for the purpose of achieving this reduction while they are not necessary for the metallurgical treatment of the steel grade Of the band.
  • the present invention has set itself the objective of solving the problem technique mentioned above by bringing a new process and an oven improved allowing the heating of strips in sections of preheats over direct heat, with limited oxidation, for all production configurations (line speed, characteristics of processing, product characteristics including shade and format).
  • this invention in addition to improving the quality of the finished product that it brings solves the problem of the congestion of the installations, encountered in the prior art mentioned above, being given that its implementation allows to limit the dimensions and by therefore the costs of the annealing or galvanizing lines on which it is applied.
  • this invention relates primarily to a method of reheating of metal strips, especially of steel in sections of direct preheating to limit the oxidation of the strips heated metal, whatever the production configuration, which consists in implementing a preheating zone which can be divided, according to its length, into a plurality of length zones unit corresponding to a burner, each of said burners can be individually controlled at a fixed speed in order to adjust it precisely the air / gas setting therefore the resulting atmosphere in the oven, characterized in what we light a number of burners from downstream of the preheating zone, the length of the oven zone affected by the ignition of said burners and the length of the recovery zone, that is to say of the area in which the burners are turned off being variable in depending on the heat demand and in that each burner operates at full power and with constant air / gas adjustment.
  • the ambient and wall temperatures of the preheating zone is greater than 1100 ° C, preferably included between 1250 and 1300 ° C.
  • the outlet temperature of the zone preheating is adapted to this treatment, which makes it possible to limit or even remove the length of the cooling zones installed downstream of the preheating zone.
  • the minimum temperature of leaving the preheating zone is suitable for this treatment in order to limit or even to delete, if necessary, the length of the heating zones provided downstream of the preheating zone.
  • This invention also relates to an oven for the implementation of the process as specified above which includes a preheating zone fractionated into a plurality of zones of corresponding unit length each with a burner, each of said burners being controlled individually at a fixed speed, characterized in that each burner is individually controlled using valves on the fuel supply and valves on the fuel supply so as to light a number of burners, starting downstream from the preheating zone, which corresponds on heat demand and in that said burners operate at full power and with constant air / gas adjustment.
  • the preheating zone is divided into two preheating zones supplied with oxidant and fuel by collectors 5 and 7, each of the burners 4 of the two preheating zones can be individually controlled by means of valves 10 on the oxidizer circuit and valves 11 on the fuel circuit. These valves can be controlled in proportional mode to obtain a setting of the power injected by varying the oxidizer flow rates or fuel, or in all or nothing mode, the adjustment of the power injected into the area then being adjusted by the ratio between the operating time of the burner and its stopping time or even adjusted by the choice of the number of burners in operation at full power.
  • the present invention to operate a number of burners corresponding to the heat demand of the full oven regime so that the area in which these burners are installed is brought to the required temperature level, for example 1300 ° C.
  • This heat demand is measured and controlled by a regulation system of the oven controlling the ignition of the corresponding number of burners, these burners operating at full capacity.
  • the four burners located at the outlet of the preheating zone operate in permanently at 100% of their nominal capacity, the fifth burner of this zone adjusting the amount of power injected, either according to a proportional regulation of its flow, either by adjusting its operation.
  • Variations in the furnace heat demand linked to changes in speed or format of the product to be treated results in an increase or a reduction in the number of burners lit, therefore by a variation of the length of the area in which the temperature conditions are joined together to keep the tape in a temperature zone where its oxidation is reduced.
  • the area in which the burners are stopped is then behaves like a recovery zone extending that which exists upstream of preheating.
  • FIG. 3A the curve of the evolution of the temperature of the strip for a preheating outlet temperature identical to that of Figure 1A.
  • the final temperature range of the strip for which the oxidation is reduced is used to optimize the length of the oven.
  • an exit temperature of strip of the preheating zone of 500 ° C which is sufficient for its treatment, replacing the temperature of 650 ° C traditionally imposed by the preheating means according to the previous state of the technical. It is obvious, the band being less hot, than the equipment cooling systems located at the line outlet will be reduced by decreasing all the bulk of the equipment and therefore its cost.

Abstract

A method for the preheating of metal strip uses a preheating zone that can be divided into a plurality of zones of unitary length each corresponding with a burner. Each burner can be controlled individually with a fixed regime in order to precisely adjust the air/gas regulation and thus the resultant atmosphere in the furnace. A certain number of burners in the downstream part of the preheating zone are lit, the length of the zone of the furnace affected by the lit burners and the length of the recuperation zone are varied as a function of the calorific demand and each burner functions at full power and with a constant air/gas regulation. An Independent claim is included for a furnace using this method for preheating metal strip.

Description

La présente invention concerne des perfectionnements apportés au préchauffage de bandes métalliques, notamment de bandes d'acier, dans des sections de préchauffage à feu direct, installées en particulier en entrée des lignes de galvanisation au trempé ou dans des lignes de recuit.The present invention relates to improvements made to the preheating of metal strips, especially steel strips, in direct fire preheating sections, installed in particular at the inlet hot dip galvanizing lines or in annealing lines.

On sait que la préchauffe à feu direct avant galvanisation ou recuit, telle que réalisée à l'heure actuelle remplit trois fonctions :

  • chauffage de la bande;
  • élimination des résidus d'huiles de laminage ou de protection, présents lorsque la ligne n'est pas équipée d'une section préalable de dégraissage, et
  • limitation ou élimination de l'oxydation de la bande d'acier, inhérente au chauffage par brûleurs.
We know that preheating with direct fire before galvanizing or annealing, as carried out at present fulfills three functions:
  • strip heating;
  • elimination of residues of laminating or protective oils, present when the line is not equipped with a preliminary degreasing section, and
  • limitation or elimination of oxidation of the steel strip inherent in heating by burners.

Dans les lignes continues réalisées selon l'état actuel de la technique, la préchauffe est réalisée suivant plusieurs zones dont la régulation de température est indépendante, généralement suivant quatre zones pour les lignes de forte capacité et suivant deux zones pour les lignes de faible capacité, chacune de ces zones étant munie, par exemple, de quatre à six brûleurs de chaque côté du four.In continuous lines made according to the current state of the art, the preheating is carried out according to several zones including the regulation of temperature is independent, generally according to four zones for high capacity lines and following two zones for low lines capacity, each of these zones being provided, for example, from four to six burners on each side of the oven.

Les bandes galvanisées ou recuites dans les lignes continues ont des nuances, des largeurs ou épaisseurs variables et elles défilent également à des vitesses variables, ce qui conditionne la demande calorifique des zones du four qui peut varier dans des proportions importantes. Pour faire face à cette demande calorifique variable, par exemple lorsque les formats ou la vitesse de bande sont faibles, on n'utilise généralement qu'un nombre réduit de ces zones de préchauffage en arrêtant les premières zones dans le sens d'avancement de la bande, ou en les maintenant à un régime thermique minimum, équivalent à environ 15 à 20% de leur puissance nominale.The galvanized or annealed strips in the continuous lines have varying shades, widths or thicknesses and they also scroll at variable speeds, which conditions the heat demand of the zones of the oven which can vary in significant proportions. To cope with this variable heat demand, for example when the formats or the tape speed is low, usually only a reduced number of these preheating zones by stopping the first zones in the direction advancement of the strip, or by maintaining them at a thermal regime minimum, equivalent to approximately 15 to 20% of their nominal power.

Dans ce dernier cas, en particulier pour le préchauffage des produits les plus minces, on utilise peu de puissance.In the latter case, in particular for preheating the products, thinner, little power is used.

Afin de bien faire comprendre le problème technique résolu par la présente invention on se réfère à la figure 1 des dessins annexés sur laquelle on a représenté de façon schématique, en élévation latérale, un exemple de réalisation d'une installation de préchauffage comportant deux zones de préchauffage. A cette figure 1 on a associé la figure 1A qui représente la puissance calorifique mise en oeuvre dans les deux zones de préchauffage et la courbe de variation de la température de la bande dans lesdites zones.In order to clearly understand the technical problem solved by this invention reference is made to FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings in which there is shown schematically, in side elevation, an example of realization of a preheating installation comprising two zones of preheating. In this figure 1 we have associated figure 1A which represents the calorific power used in the two preheating zones and the variation curve of the strip temperature in said zones.

Sur cette figure 1 on voit que l'installation de préchauffage de la bande 1 comporte deux zones de préchauffage 2 et 3. Chacune de ces zones est équipée de brûleurs 4 alimentés en air de combustion par un collecteur 5 et en combustible par un collecteur 7. La puissance injectée dans chaque zone est contrôlée par des vannes de réglage de débit de comburant et de carburant, respectivement 6 et 8. Dans cet exemple, la puissance calorifique représentée par la zone hachurée du graphe de la figure 1A correspond à 60% de la puissance nominale de la deuxième zone 3, la première zone 1 fonctionne au minimum de sa puissance, par exemple 15%. La courbe 9 présente l'élévation de température de la bande dans les zones de préchauffage. Dans ces conditions, la température de gaz et de parois de la deuxième zone de préchauffage 3 se stabilise à des niveaux faibles, de l'ordre de 1150°C ou inférieurs. In this figure 1 we see that the preheating installation of the strip 1 has two preheating zones 2 and 3. Each of these zones is equipped with burners 4 supplied with combustion air by a manifold 5 and in fuel by a collector 7. The power injected into each zone is controlled by oxidizer flow control valves and fuel, respectively 6 and 8. In this example, the heat output represented by the hatched area of the graph in FIG. 1A corresponds to 60% of the nominal power of the second zone 3, the first zone 1 operates at its minimum power, for example 15%. Curve 9 shows the temperature rise of the strip in the areas of preheating. Under these conditions, the gas and wall temperature of the second preheating zone 3 stabilizes at low levels, from around 1150 ° C or lower.

Il est connu que l'oxydation de la bande est d'autant plus faible que la température d'ambiance ou de parois de la zone du four de préchauffe à feu direct est importante. A cet égard, on peut se reporter en particulier à l'article «Direct-fired heating in continuous hot-dip galvanizing lines » publié dans le n° 4/1991 de « MPT-Metallurgical Plant and Technology International », dont la figure 2 est reprise dans les dessins annexés. Cette figure présente en ordonnée l'épaisseur de la couche d'oxyde formée à la surface de la bande, exprimée en Angströms, en fonction de la température des gaz ou des parois de la zone du four, présentée en abscisse, pour une température de sortie de la bande de la zone de préchauffe de 650°C. On voit sur cette figure que la formation des oxydes est maximale pour des températures de gaz ou de parois de 1150°C et qu'elle est beaucoup plus faible pour des températures de gaz ou de parois supérieures à 1250°C.It is known that the oxidation of the strip is even lower than the room or wall temperature of the preheating oven zone direct is important. In this regard, reference may be made in particular to the article "Direct-fired heating in continuous hot-dip galvanizing lines" published in issue 4/1991 of "MPT-Metallurgical Plant and Technology International ”, whose figure 2 is reproduced in the accompanying drawings. This figure shows on the ordinate the thickness of the oxide layer formed at the strip surface, expressed in Angstroms, as a function of temperature gases or walls of the furnace area, shown on the abscissa, for a exit temperature of the strip from the preheating zone of 650 ° C. We see in this figure that the formation of oxides is maximum for gas or wall temperatures of 1150 ° C and that it is much higher low for gas or wall temperatures above 1250 ° C.

On voit également que le fonctionnement du four pour des cas de marche tels qu'évoqués ci-dessus place la bande dans des conditions où son oxydation est maximale.We also see that the operation of the oven for operating cases as mentioned above places the tape in conditions where its oxidation is maximum.

L'oxydation formée à la surface de la bande dans ces conditions doit être éliminée, ce qui impose la mise en place, en aval de la zone de la préchauffe, d'une zone de maintien, sous une atmosphère contenant de l'hydrogène, assez longue pour supprimer par réduction les oxydes formés. Cette réduction doit être réalisée à haute température ce qui impose généralement le réchauffage de la bande à des niveaux qui ne sont souvent atteints qu'uniquement dans le but d'obtenir cette réduction alors qu'ils ne sont pas nécessaires pour le traitement métallurgique de la nuance d'acier de la bande.The oxidation formed on the surface of the strip under these conditions must be eliminated, which requires the installation, downstream of the area of the preheats, from a holding zone, in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, long enough to remove the oxides formed by reduction. This reduction must be carried out at high temperature which requires usually reheating the tape to levels that are not often achieved only for the purpose of achieving this reduction while they are not necessary for the metallurgical treatment of the steel grade Of the band.

Cette absence de souplesse dans le contrôle de l'apport calorifique dans la préchauffe selon l'état actuel de la technique ainsi que l'impossibilité de placer la bande dans des conditions où son oxydation peut être limitée débouchent généralement sur des températures de bande qui sont la conséquence de l'inadaptation de la ligne au cas de marche considéré. La conception des fours découle également de ces imperfections et elle conduit à la réalisation de lignes de grande longueur et dont les équipements de refroidissement sont importants. Il est évident que cette longueur supplémentaire de four augmente le prix de l'installation, son encombrement ainsi que les coûts de maintenance et d'exploitation.This lack of flexibility in controlling the calorific intake in the preheats according to the current state of the art as well as the impossibility of place the strip in conditions where its oxidation can be limited generally lead to strip temperatures which are the consequence of the unsuitability of the line for the case in question. The oven design also stems from these imperfections and it leads to the production of very long lines and whose equipment cooling are important. It is obvious that this length additional oven increases the installation price, its size as well as maintenance and operating costs.

La présente invention s'est fixée pour objectif de résoudre le problème technique mentionné ci-dessus en apportant un nouveau procédé et un four perfectionné permettant le chauffage de bandes dans des sections de préchauffe à feu direct, avec une oxydation limitée, ceci pour toutes les configurations de production (vitesse de la ligne, caractéristiques de traitement, caractéristiques des produits notamment nuance et format).The present invention has set itself the objective of solving the problem technique mentioned above by bringing a new process and an oven improved allowing the heating of strips in sections of preheats over direct heat, with limited oxidation, for all production configurations (line speed, characteristics of processing, product characteristics including shade and format).

Par ailleurs, cette invention, outre l'amélioration de la qualité du produit fini qu'elle apporte résoud le problème de l'encombrement des installations, rencontré dans l'état antérieur de la technique mentionné ci-dessus, étant donné que sa mise en oeuvre permt de limiter les dimensions et par conséquent les coûts des lignes de recuit ou de galvanisation sur lesquelles elle est appliquée.Furthermore, this invention, in addition to improving the quality of the finished product that it brings solves the problem of the congestion of the installations, encountered in the prior art mentioned above, being given that its implementation allows to limit the dimensions and by therefore the costs of the annealing or galvanizing lines on which it is applied.

En conséquence, cette invention concerne en premier lieu un procédé de réchauffage de bandes métalliques, notamment d'acier dans des sections de préchauffage à feu direct en vue de limiter l'oxydation des bandes métalliques chauffées, quelles que soient les configurations de production, qui consiste à mettre en oeuvre une zone de préchauffage pouvant être fractionnée, selon sa longueur, en une pluralité de zones de longueur unitaire correspondant à un brûleur, chacun desdits brûleurs pouvant être commandé individuellement à un régime fixe afin d'en ajuster avec précision le réglage air/gaz donc l'atmosphère résultante dans le four, caractérisé en ce qu'on allume un certain nombre de brûleurs en partant de l'aval de la zone de préchauffage, la longueur de la zone du four concernée par l'allumage desdits brûleurs et la longueur de la zone de récupération, c'est-à-dire de la zone dans laquelle les brûleurs sont éteints étant variables en fonction de la demande calorifique et en ce que chaque brûleur fonctionne à pleine puissance et avec un réglage air/gaz constant.Accordingly, this invention relates primarily to a method of reheating of metal strips, especially of steel in sections of direct preheating to limit the oxidation of the strips heated metal, whatever the production configuration, which consists in implementing a preheating zone which can be divided, according to its length, into a plurality of length zones unit corresponding to a burner, each of said burners can be individually controlled at a fixed speed in order to adjust it precisely the air / gas setting therefore the resulting atmosphere in the oven, characterized in what we light a number of burners from downstream of the preheating zone, the length of the oven zone affected by the ignition of said burners and the length of the recovery zone, that is to say of the area in which the burners are turned off being variable in depending on the heat demand and in that each burner operates at full power and with constant air / gas adjustment.

La mise en oeuvre du procédé objet de l'invention tel que spécifié ci-dessus apporte, notamment les résultats ci-après qui sont impossibles à obtenir avec les équipements selon l'état actuel de la technique, pour toutes les vitesses de lignes :

  • la bande est chauffée dans une zone de préchauffage dont la longueur est variable mais les conditions de température et d'atmosphère sont optimales en regard de l'oxydation, ceci à tous les régimes de fonctionnement de la ligne, pour toutes les caractéristiques de bandes ou de cycles de traitement, la longueur de la zone de préchauffage ainsi définie est adaptée au tonnage produit par la ligne de traitement (notamment ligne de recuit ou de galvanisation), quels que soient les formats des produits traités ou la vitesse de ladite ligne;
  • les brûleurs fonctionnent tous à un régime et à un réglage tels qu'ils offrent une géométrie et des caractéristiques de flamme optimales en regard du traitement chimique devant être opéré sur la surface de la bande.
The implementation of the process which is the subject of the invention as specified above brings, in particular the following results which are impossible to obtain with the equipment according to the current state of the art, for all line speeds:
  • the strip is heated in a preheating zone the length of which is variable but the temperature and atmosphere conditions are optimal with regard to oxidation, this at all operating modes of the line, for all the characteristics of the strips or treatment cycles, the length of the preheating zone thus defined is adapted to the tonnage produced by the treatment line (in particular annealing or galvanizing line), whatever the formats of the products treated or the speed of said line;
  • the burners all operate at a speed and an adjustment such that they offer optimum geometry and flame characteristics with regard to the chemical treatment to be carried out on the surface of the strip.

On comprend que l'originalité du procédé objet de la présente invention réside dans la mise en oeuvre simultanée d'un certain nombre de caractéristiques (commande des brûleurs en mode tout ou rien ou proportionnel, zone de préchauffage à longueurs variables, rapport d'alimentation des brûleurs air/gaz adapté) dans une configuration telle que la finesse de fonctionnement de la ligne ainsi réalisée permet d'améliorer la qualité du produit fini dans de très larges gammes de production.It is understood that the originality of the process which is the subject of the present invention lies in the simultaneous implementation of a number of characteristics (burner control in all or nothing mode or proportional, variable length preheating zone, ratio supply of the suitable air / gas burners) in a configuration such as the fine operation of the line thus produced makes it possible to improve the quality of the finished product in very wide production ranges.

Selon la présente invention, la température d'ambiance et de parois de la zone de préchauffage est supérieure à 1100°C, de préférence comprise entre 1250 et 1300°C. According to the present invention, the ambient and wall temperatures of the preheating zone is greater than 1100 ° C, preferably included between 1250 and 1300 ° C.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention appliqué au traitement thermique de bandes, la température de sortie de la zone de préchauffage est adaptée à ce traitement, ce qui permet de limiter, voire de supprimer la longueur des zones de refroidissement installées en aval de la zone de préchauffage.According to an embodiment of the present invention applied to strip heat treatment, the outlet temperature of the zone preheating is adapted to this treatment, which makes it possible to limit or even remove the length of the cooling zones installed downstream of the preheating zone.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention appliqué au traitement thermique de bandes d'acier, la température minimale de sortie de la zone de préchauffe est adaptée à ce traitement afin de limiter ou même de supprimer, le cas échéant, la longueur des zones de chauffage prévues en aval de la zone de préchauffage.According to another embodiment of the present invention applied in the heat treatment of steel strips, the minimum temperature of leaving the preheating zone is suitable for this treatment in order to limit or even to delete, if necessary, the length of the heating zones provided downstream of the preheating zone.

Cette invention concerne également un four pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé tel que spécifié ci-dessus qui comporte une zone de préchauffage fractionnée en une pluralité de zones de longueur unitaire correspondant chacune à un brûleur, chacun desdits brûleurs étant commandé individuellement à un régime fixe, caractérisé en ce que chaque brûleur est contrôlé individuellement à l'aide de vannes sur l'alimentation en comburant et de vannes sur l'alimentation en carburant de façon à allumer un nombre de brûleurs, en partant de l'aval de la zone de préchauffage, qui correspond à la demande calorifique et en ce que lesdits brûleurs fonctionnent à pleine puissance et avec un réglage air/gaz constant.This invention also relates to an oven for the implementation of the process as specified above which includes a preheating zone fractionated into a plurality of zones of corresponding unit length each with a burner, each of said burners being controlled individually at a fixed speed, characterized in that each burner is individually controlled using valves on the fuel supply and valves on the fuel supply so as to light a number of burners, starting downstream from the preheating zone, which corresponds on heat demand and in that said burners operate at full power and with constant air / gas adjustment.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après en référence aux figures 3 et 3A des dessins annexés qui représentent respectivement une installation selon l'invention et la courbe montrant l'évolution de la température de la bande pour une température de sortie de la préchauffe identique à celle de la figure 1A.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge of the description given below with reference to Figures 3 and 3A of the drawings annexed which respectively represent an installation according to the invention and the curve showing the evolution of the temperature of the strip for a output temperature of the preheater identical to that of FIG. 1A.

Sur la figure 3 on a désigné par les mêmes références les éléments similaires à ceux décrits ci-dessus en référence à la figure 1. In Figure 3 we have designated by the same references the elements similar to those described above with reference to Figure 1.

Sur cette figure 3 on voit que selon l'invention on remplace le découpage de la zone de préchauffage en zones de régulation classiques regroupant plusieurs brûleurs de l'état antérieur de la technique, par un découpage de cette zone de préchauffage en une pluralité de zones de longueur unitaire correspondant à un brûleur. Les brûleurs sont commandés par un système de régulation séparé pouvant être du type proportionnel classique ou du type tout ou rien.In this figure 3 we see that according to the invention we replace the cutting of the preheating zone into classic regulation zones grouping together several burners of the prior art, by cutting out this preheating zone into a plurality of zones of unit length corresponding to a burner. The burners are controlled by a system separate regulation that can be of the classic proportional type or of the all or nothing type.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, la zone de préchauffage est découpée en deux zones de préchauffage alimentées en comburant et carburant par des collecteurs 5 et 7, chacun des brûleurs 4 des deux zones de préchauffage pouvant être commandé individuellement au moyen de vannes 10 sur le circuit comburant et de vannes 11 sur le circuit carburant. Ces vannes peuvent être commandées en mode proportionnel afin d'obtenir un réglage de la puissance injectée par la variation des débits de comburant ou de carburant, ou en mode tout ou rien, le réglage de la puissance injectée dans la zone étant alors ajusté par le rapport entre le temps de fonctionnement du brûleur et son temps d'arrêt ou bien encore ajusté par le choix du nombre de brûleurs en service à pleine puissance.In this exemplary embodiment, the preheating zone is divided into two preheating zones supplied with oxidant and fuel by collectors 5 and 7, each of the burners 4 of the two preheating zones can be individually controlled by means of valves 10 on the oxidizer circuit and valves 11 on the fuel circuit. These valves can be controlled in proportional mode to obtain a setting of the power injected by varying the oxidizer flow rates or fuel, or in all or nothing mode, the adjustment of the power injected into the area then being adjusted by the ratio between the operating time of the burner and its stopping time or even adjusted by the choice of the number of burners in operation at full power.

Il est ainsi possible, selon la présente invention de faire fonctionner un nombre de brûleurs correspondant à la demande calorifique du four à plein régime pour que la zone dans laquelle sont implantés ces brûleurs soit portée au niveau de température requis, par exemple 1300°C. Cette demande calorifique est mesurée et contrôlée par un système de régulation du four commandant l'allumage du nombre de brûleurs correspondant, ces brûleurs fonctionnant à plein régime. Dans l'exemple considéré, les quatre brûleurs implantés à la sortie de la zone de préchauffage fonctionnent en permanence à 100% de leur capacité nominale, le cinquième brûleur de cette zone ajustant la quantité de puissance injectée, soit selon une régulation en mode proportionnel de son débit, soit en ajustant son temps de fonctionnement. It is thus possible, according to the present invention to operate a number of burners corresponding to the heat demand of the full oven regime so that the area in which these burners are installed is brought to the required temperature level, for example 1300 ° C. This heat demand is measured and controlled by a regulation system of the oven controlling the ignition of the corresponding number of burners, these burners operating at full capacity. In the example considered, the four burners located at the outlet of the preheating zone operate in permanently at 100% of their nominal capacity, the fifth burner of this zone adjusting the amount of power injected, either according to a proportional regulation of its flow, either by adjusting its operation.

Les variations de la demande calorifique du four liées aux modifications de vitesse ou de format du produit à traiter se traduisent par une augmentation ou une réduction du nombre de brûleurs allumés, donc par une variation de la longueur de la zone dans laquelle les conditions de température sont réunies pour maintenir la bande dans une zone de température où son oxydation est réduite. La zone dans laquelle les brûleurs sont arrêtés se comporte alors comme une zone de récupération prolongeant celle qui existe en amont de la préchauffe.Variations in the furnace heat demand linked to changes in speed or format of the product to be treated results in an increase or a reduction in the number of burners lit, therefore by a variation of the length of the area in which the temperature conditions are joined together to keep the tape in a temperature zone where its oxidation is reduced. The area in which the burners are stopped is then behaves like a recovery zone extending that which exists upstream of preheating.

Sur la figure 3A on a tracé la courbe de l'évolution de la température de la bande pour une température de sortie de la préchauffe identique à celle de la figure 1A.In FIG. 3A, the curve of the evolution of the temperature of the strip for a preheating outlet temperature identical to that of Figure 1A.

La plage de température finale de la bande pour laquelle l'oxydation est réduite est mise à profit pour optimiser la longueur du four. Par exemple, pour des aciers laminés à chaud, on choisira une température de sortie de bande de la zone de préchauffage de 500°C qui est suffisante pour son traitement, en remplacement de la température de 650°C traditionnellement imposée par les moyens de préchauffage suivant l'état antérieur de la technique. Il est évident, la bande étant moins chaude, que les équipements de refroidissement situés en sortie de ligne seront réduits en diminuant d'autant l'encombrement de l'équipement et donc son coût.The final temperature range of the strip for which the oxidation is reduced is used to optimize the length of the oven. For example, for hot rolled steels, an exit temperature of strip of the preheating zone of 500 ° C which is sufficient for its treatment, replacing the temperature of 650 ° C traditionally imposed by the preheating means according to the previous state of the technical. It is obvious, the band being less hot, than the equipment cooling systems located at the line outlet will be reduced by decreasing all the bulk of the equipment and therefore its cost.

Il est également possible, grâce au procédé objet de l'invention, de chauffer une bande en acier doux, par exemple de qualité commerciale, à des températures de l'ordre de 730°C au moins, sans augmenter son oxydation, ce qui permet de réduire d'autant, voire de supprimer la longueur de la zone de chauffage complémentaire sous atmosphère réductrice que l'on utilise traditionnellement en aval des zones de préchauffage des lignes de traitement selon l'état actuel de la technique. Cette réduction de la longueur de la zone de chauffage complémentaire sous atmosphère aura également une incidence directe sur l'encombrement et sur le prix de l'équipement. It is also possible, thanks to the process which is the subject of the invention, to heat a mild steel strip, for example of commercial quality, at temperatures of the order of at least 730 ° C., without increasing its oxidation, which makes it possible to reduce by as much, or even to eliminate the length of the zone additional heating under a reducing atmosphere which is used traditionally downstream of the preheating zones of the treatment according to the current state of the art. This reduction in length of the additional heating zone under atmosphere will also have a direct impact on the size and price of the equipment.

Pour tous les types de produits à traiter, la limitation de l'oxydation obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé objet de l'invention permet de limiter le temps de séjour de la bande sous atmosphère réductrice, donc là encore, de réduire la longueur de la ligne ou de diminuer le taux d'hydrogène de cette zone où s'effectue la réduction des oxydes.For all types of products to be treated, the limitation of oxidation obtained by implementing the process which is the subject of the invention, it is possible to limit the residence time of the strip under a reducing atmosphere, so here again, of reduce the length of the line or decrease the hydrogen level of this area where oxide reduction takes place.

Dans tous les cas, la réduction de l'oxydation de la bande apportée par la mise en oeuvre du procédé objet de l'invention permet d'améliorer la qualité du produit fini, son état de surface et la qualité du revêtement réalisé, par exemple sur les lignes de galvanisation.In all cases, the reduction in the oxidation of the strip brought about by the implementation of the process which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to improve the quality of the finished product, its surface condition and the quality of the coating produced, by example on galvanizing lines.

Le procédé objet de l'invention permet de réaliser des cycles de traitement à basse température grâce à la possibilité de limiter l'oxydation de la bande dans la préchauffe:

  • il n'est plus nécessaire de surchauffer la bande pour réduire les oxydes formés, ce qui offre la possibilité de réaliser des cycles à basse température, avantage se traduisant par une diminution de la consommation d'énergie et des fours plus courts;
  • lorsque le cycle de traitement s'effectue à basse température, il est possible de réduire, voire de supprimer les équipements de refroidissement de bandes en sortie de lignes et
  • l'oxydation étant limitée, le temps de réduction des oxydes est plus court donc le four en aval est plus court. De même lorsque l'oxydation dans la préchauffe est réduite il est possible de chauffer à température plus élevée dans cette zone, donc de réduire la longueur de la zone de chauffage sous atmosphère.
The process which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to carry out treatment cycles at low temperature thanks to the possibility of limiting the oxidation of the strip in the preheating:
  • it is no longer necessary to overheat the strip to reduce the oxides formed, which offers the possibility of carrying out cycles at low temperature, an advantage resulting in a reduction in energy consumption and shorter ovens;
  • when the treatment cycle is carried out at low temperature, it is possible to reduce or even eliminate the equipment for cooling strips at the outlet of lines and
  • the oxidation being limited, the reduction time of the oxides is shorter therefore the downstream furnace is shorter. Similarly, when the oxidation in the preheating is reduced, it is possible to heat to a higher temperature in this zone, therefore to reduce the length of the heating zone in the atmosphere.

La lecture de la description qui précède fait ressortir que la présente invention permet de réaliser des installations de traitement thermique plus polyvalentes, plus performantes et moins chères que les installations selon l'état actuel de la technique.Reading the above description shows that the present invention enables more heat treatment installations versatile, more efficient and less expensive than installations according to the current state of the art.

Il demeure bien entendu que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation ou de mise en oeuvre décrits et/ou représentés ici mais qu'elle en englobe toutes les variantes.It remains to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples of realization or implementation described and / or represented here but that it includes all variants.

Claims (9)

Procédé de réchauffage de bandes métalliques, notamment d'acier dans des sections de préchauffage à feu direct en vue de limiter l'oxydation des bandes métalliques chauffées, quelles que soient les configurations de production, qui consiste à mettre en oeuvre une zone de préchauffage pouvant être fractionnée, selon sa longueur, en une pluralité de zones de longueur unitaire correspondant à un brûleur, chacun desdits brûleurs pouvant être commandé individuellement à un régime fixe afin d'en ajuster avec précision le réglage air/gaz donc l'atmosphère résultante dans le four, caractérisé en ce qu'on allume un certain nombre de brûleurs en partant de l'aval de la zone de préchauffage, la longueur de la zone du four concernée par l'allumage desdits brûleurs et la longueur de la zone de récupération, c'est-à-dire de la zone dans laquelle les brûleurs sont éteints étant variables en fonction de la demande calorifique et en ce que chaque brûleur fonctionne à pleine puissance et avec un réglage air/gaz constant.Method for reheating metal strips, in particular steel in direct-fire preheating sections with a view to limiting the oxidation of heated metal strips, whatever the production configurations, which consists in implementing a preheating zone capable of be divided, according to its length, into a plurality of zones of unit length corresponding to a burner, each of said burners being able to be controlled individually at a fixed speed in order to precisely adjust the air / gas setting therefore the resulting atmosphere in the oven, characterized in that a number of burners are ignited starting from downstream of the preheating zone, the length of the oven zone concerned by the lighting of said burners and the length of the recovery zone, c '' i.e. the area in which the burners are switched off being variable depending on the heat demand and in that each burner operates at full power and with constant air / gas adjustment. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la température d'ambiance et de parois de la zone de préchauffage est supérieure à 1100°C, de préférence comprise entre 1250 et 1300°C.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ambient and wall temperature of the preheating zone is greater than 1100 ° C, preferably between 1250 and 1300 ° C. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est appliqué à des traitements thermiques à basse température.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it is applied to heat treatments at low temperature. Four pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé tel que spécifié dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes qui comporte une zone de préchauffage fractionnée en une pluralité de zones de longueur unitaire correspondant chacune à un brûleur (4), chacun desdits brûleurs étant commandé individuellement à un régime fixe, caractérisé en ce que chaque brûleur (4) est contrôlé individuellement à l'aide de vannes (10) sur l'alimentation en comburant et de vannes (11) sur l'alimentation en carburant de façon à allumer un nombre de brûleurs, en partant de l'aval de la zone de préchauffage, qui correspond à la demande calorifique et en ce que lesdits brûleurs fonctionnent à pleine puissance et avec un réglage air/gaz constant.Oven for carrying out the process as specified in any one of the preceding claims which comprises a preheating zone divided into a plurality of zones of unit length each corresponding to a burner (4), each of said burners being individually controlled to a fixed speed, characterized in that each burner (4) is controlled individually using valves (10) on the oxidant supply and valves (11) on the fuel supply so as to ignite a number of burners, starting downstream from the preheating zone, which corresponds to the heat demand and in that said burners operate at full power and with a constant air / gas setting. Four selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites vannes (10,11) sont commandées en mode proportionnel afin d'obtenir un réglage de la puissance injectée par la variation des débits de comburant et de carburant alimentant les brûleurs (4).Oven according to claim 4, characterized in that said valves (10,11) are controlled in proportional mode in order to obtain a regulation of the power injected by the variation of the oxidant and fuel flow rates supplying the burners (4). Four selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le réglage de la puissance injectée dans une zone de préchauffage est ajusté par le rapport entre le temps de fonctionnement du brûleur considéré (4) et son temps d'arrêt.Oven according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjustment of the power injected into a preheating zone is adjusted by the ratio between the operating time of the burner considered (4) and its stopping time. Four selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le réglage de la puissance injectée dans une zone de préchauffage est ajusté par le choix du nombre de brûleurs (4) en service à pleine puissance.Oven according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjustment of the power injected into a preheating zone is adjusted by the choice of the number of burners (4) in service at full power. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, appliqué au traitement thermique de bandes, caractérisé en ce que la température de sortie de la zone de préchauffage est adaptée audit traitement afin de limiter ou de supprimer la longueur des zones de refroidissement installées en aval de la zone de préchauffage.Oven according to any one of claims 4 to 7, applied to the heat treatment of strips, characterized in that the outlet temperature from the preheating zone is adapted to said treatment in order to limit or eliminate the length of the cooling zones installed in downstream of the preheating zone. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, appliqué au traitement thermique de bandes d'acier, caractérisé en ce que la température minimale de sortie de la zone de préchauffage est adaptée audit traitement, afin de limiter ou de supprimer la longueur des zones de chauffage prévues en aval de la zone de préchauffage.Oven according to any one of Claims 4 to 7, applied to the heat treatment of steel strips, characterized in that the minimum temperature at the outlet from the preheating zone is adapted to said treatment, in order to limit or eliminate the length of the heating zones provided downstream of the preheating zone.
EP01400142A 2000-03-08 2001-01-18 Improvements in preheating metal strips, especially in galvanising or annealing lines Expired - Lifetime EP1134298B1 (en)

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ES2161660T1 (en) 2001-12-16
CN1179056C (en) 2004-12-08

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