EP1133579B1 - Method for producing of a protective layer on a martensitic steel and utilisation of said steel coated with said protective layer - Google Patents
Method for producing of a protective layer on a martensitic steel and utilisation of said steel coated with said protective layer Download PDFInfo
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- EP1133579B1 EP1133579B1 EP99952596A EP99952596A EP1133579B1 EP 1133579 B1 EP1133579 B1 EP 1133579B1 EP 99952596 A EP99952596 A EP 99952596A EP 99952596 A EP99952596 A EP 99952596A EP 1133579 B1 EP1133579 B1 EP 1133579B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- protective layer
- martensitic
- temperature
- melt
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a Protective layer on a martensitic steel according to the first Claim and the use of the provided with the protective layer Steel according to the fifth claim.
- the object of the invention is a further method propose to create a protective layer.
- the protective layer should be suitable for martensitic steels.
- the one with the Protective coated martensitic steel is said to be used in nuclear fusion experiments be used, the protective layer Diffusion barrier for the radioactive hydrogen isotope Represents tritium.
- the steel provided with the protective layer must in this area of application compared to the liquid used here Brood metals such as B. liquid lithium or lithium lead (Pb17% Li).
- a martensitic steel in particular a Chromium steel, preferably with 8 to 10% chromium, or an unalloyed one or alloy spring steel with the protective layer.
- the martensitic steel is under a protective gas atmosphere in a melt of aluminum or an aluminum alloy such as B. 90% Al and 10% Si immersed.
- a Pure aluminum melt preferred.
- protective gas in particular the noble gases argon and helium, optionally in Combination with a reducing gas like hydrogen.
- the temperature of the melt is preferably in a temperature range between the melting point and a maximum of 100 ° C above the Melting point.
- a temperature of 700 ° C is for pure aluminum well suited.
- the dipping time should be the thickness of the one to be coated Item made of martensitic steel approximately proportional his. Diving times in the range between 5 seconds and 2 minutes are generally well suited.
- the martensitic steel is then removed from the melt and under the protective gas atmosphere, preferably with natural Cooling rate to a temperature between 100 ° C and cooled to room temperature.
- the martensitic steel becomes hot isostatic at one Pressure of at least 1500 bar at the austenitizing temperature (Aci final temperature) pressed.
- the austenitizing temperature is 8 to 10% chromium steels between 1040 ° C and 1075 ° C.
- the maximum applicable pressure is usually from apparatus Reasons limited to approx. 3000 bar.
- everyone martensitic components of the steel converted into austenite.
- the holding time in hot isostatic pressing corresponds to Holding time at austenitizing temperature and should be for 8 to 10 % chromium steels are between 30 and 40 minutes.
- An approximately 100 to 200 ⁇ m thick protective layer is formed.
- the steel becomes one Subjected to hardening.
- the steel is known per se Way quenched and then tempered. Starting can be done in Dependence on the type of steel, for example at a temperature of 750 ° C and a holding time of 1 to 2 hours become. This step will make the martensitic state restored with the desired ductility.
- the martensitic base body an iron / chrome / aluminum mixed crystal layer which is approx. 100 to 200 ⁇ m thick and its aluminum content is approx. 30% in the areas near the surface, the aluminum content decreases in the direction of the base body.
- the mixed crystal layer has essentially the same Ductility like the martensitic body.
- the surface the protective layer is covered by a ceramic layer approx. 1 ⁇ m thick Layer formed from alumina.
- a major advantage of Invention is that in the event of mechanical damage to the top Aluminum oxide layer in an oxidizing atmosphere can be replicated.
- the protective layer proves self-healing.
- Another advantage is that as a result of hot isostatic pressing the pore size and number the pores are greatly reduced.
- the protective layer turns out as an effective diffusion barrier against hydrogen; the tritium diffusion is compared to uncoated steels reduced by a factor of approx. 1000.
- the protective layer is also almost against the corrosive attack of liquid metals inert.
- MANET II is composed as follows: C 0, 10 to 0.11 Si 0.14 to 0.28 Mn 0.75 to 0.96 P 0.003 to 0.007 S 0.004 to 0.005 Cr 10.3 to 10.4 V 0.19 to 0.21 al 0.004 to 0.012 Cu 0.007 to 0.10 B 0.0072 to 0.0089 N 0.027 to 0.032 Ni 0.62 to 0.68 Mo 0.56 to 0.61 Nb 0.14 to 0.16 Zr 0.007 to 0.028 Rest: iron
- the surface of the steel parts to be coated was initially cleaned by sandblasting. Then the parts in Acetone and ethanol cleaned. To better wettability with to reach the aluminum melt, a flux was created from a saturated saline solution (KCl, NaCl and Na3AlF6 in Ratio 5: 4: 1) applied.
- the parts prepared in this way were dried before being placed in a box with a protective gas atmosphere (argon with 5% hydrogen), in which there is a crucible with the melt was infiltrated.
- the temperature of the pure aluminum melt was 700 ° C.
- the parts were placed in the for 30 seconds Submerged aluminum melt and then under the Protective gas atmosphere cooled to room temperature. after the steel parts coated with aluminum were cooled removed from the box by a lock system.
- the parts were then placed in a HIP system.
- the system was first evacuated and then with Ar 4.8 flooded. Then the temperature and pressure were increased at the same time, up to the austenitizing temperature of 1075 ° C and 3000 bar pressure were reached. After a holding time of 0.5 hours the system was switched off, after which the parts with approx. 10 to Cooled 20 K / min at constant pressure. This cooling rate is sufficient to ensure the formation of martensite, d. that is, to harden the parts.
- the subsequent tempering treatment also took place in the HIP plant. Alternatively, one could other oven can be used.
- the steel parts were at one Leave the temperature at 750 ° C for 2 hours. Even though the starting step can in principle be carried out without pressure a pressure of 3000 in the HIP system when starting maintain cash. The HIP system was then switched off and the steel parts cooled.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht auf einem martensitischen Stahl gemäß dem ersten Patentanspruch und die Verwendung des mit der Schutzschicht versehenen Stahls gemäß dem fünften Patentanspruch.The invention relates to a method for producing a Protective layer on a martensitic steel according to the first Claim and the use of the provided with the protective layer Steel according to the fifth claim.
Der Übersichtsartikel von J. R. Nicholls und D. J. Stephenson: "Applications of coating technology and HIP to advanced materials processing" in Materials at High Temperatures Vol. 9 No. 2 (1991) pp. 110-120 beschreibt eine Reihe von Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schutz- und Diffusionssperrschichten auf Werkstoffen. Hierzu wird der Werkstoff mit Hilfe einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Methoden beschichtet und anschließend einem Verfestigungsprozeß unterworfen. Als einsetzbare Werkstoffe werden eine Vielzahl von Metallen und Metallegierungen vorgeschlagen, nicht jedoch martensitische Stähle. In einer Tabelle (Tabelle 1) werden miteinander kombinierbare Beschichtungs- und Verfestigungsverfahren aufgeführt. Für das sogenannte "dip coating" wird als Verfestigungsverfahren das Sintern angegeben. Das Heißisostatische Pressen wird bei Gegenständen, die durch physikalische Dampfabscheidung (PVD) beschichtet wurden, eingesetzt. Eine Nachbehandlung im Anschluß an das Verfestigungsverfahren findet bei den beschriebenen Methoden nicht statt.The review by J. R. Nicholls and D. J. Stephenson: "Applications of coating technology and HIP to advanced materials processing "in Materials at High Temperatures Vol. 9 No. 2 (1991) pp. 110-120 describes a number of manufacturing processes of protective and diffusion barrier layers on materials. For this, the material is made using a number of different Methods coated and then a solidification process subjected. As usable materials proposed a variety of metals and metal alloys but not martensitic steels. In a table (Table 1) coating and consolidation processes that can be combined with one another listed. For the so-called "dip coating" sintering was specified as the solidification process. The Hot isostatic presses are used on objects caused by physical Vapor deposition (PVD) were used. Post-treatment after the solidification process does not take place with the methods described.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht vorzuschlagen. Die Schutzschicht soll sich für martensitische Stähle eignen. Der mit der Schutzschicht versehene martensitische Stahl soll in Kernfusionsexperimenten einsetzbar sein, wobei die Schutzschicht eine Diffusionssperrschicht für das radioaktive Wasserstoffisotop Tritium darstellt. Der mit der Schutzschicht versehene Stahl muß bei diesem Einsatzgebiet gegenüber den hier verwendeten flüssigen Brutmetallen wie z. B. flüssiges Lithium oder Lithium-Blei (Pb17%Li) beständig sein. The object of the invention is a further method propose to create a protective layer. The protective layer should be suitable for martensitic steels. The one with the Protective coated martensitic steel is said to be used in nuclear fusion experiments be used, the protective layer Diffusion barrier for the radioactive hydrogen isotope Represents tritium. The steel provided with the protective layer must in this area of application compared to the liquid used here Brood metals such as B. liquid lithium or lithium lead (Pb17% Li).
Die Aufgabe wird durch das im ersten Patentanspruch beschriebene Verfahren und die im fünften Patentanspruch angegebene Verwendung gelöst. In den übrigen Ansprüchen werden bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens beschrieben.The object is achieved by that described in the first claim Method and the use specified in the fifth claim solved. Preferred embodiments are in the remaining claims described the procedure.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein martensitischer Stahl, insbesondere ein Chromstahl, vorzugsweise mit 8 bis 10 % Chrom, oder ein unlegierter oder legierter Federstahl mit der Schutzschicht versehen. In einem ersten Schritt wird der martensitische Stahl unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre in eine Schmelze von Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung wie z. B. 90 % Al und 10% Si eingetaucht. Für die Verwendung in Kernfusionsexperimenten wird eine Schmelze von Reinaluminium bevorzugt. Als Schutzgas eignen sich insbesondere die Edelgase Argon und Helium, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit einem reduzierend wirkenden Gas wie Wasserstoff.According to the invention, a martensitic steel, in particular a Chromium steel, preferably with 8 to 10% chromium, or an unalloyed one or alloy spring steel with the protective layer. In a first step, the martensitic steel is under a protective gas atmosphere in a melt of aluminum or an aluminum alloy such as B. 90% Al and 10% Si immersed. For use in nuclear fusion experiments, a Pure aluminum melt preferred. Are suitable as protective gas in particular the noble gases argon and helium, optionally in Combination with a reducing gas like hydrogen.
Die Temperatur der Schmelze liegt bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen dem Schmelzpunkt und maximal 100°C oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts. Für Reinaluminium ist eine Temperatur von 700°C gut geeignet. Die Tauchzeit soll der Dicke des zu beschichtenden Gegenstands aus dem martensitischen Stahl ungefähr proportional sein. Tauchzeiten im Bereich zwischen 5 Sekunden und 2 Minuten sind im allgemeinen gut geeignet.The temperature of the melt is preferably in a temperature range between the melting point and a maximum of 100 ° C above the Melting point. A temperature of 700 ° C is for pure aluminum well suited. The dipping time should be the thickness of the one to be coated Item made of martensitic steel approximately proportional his. Diving times in the range between 5 seconds and 2 minutes are generally well suited.
Anschließend wird der martensitische Stahl aus der Schmelze entnommen und unter der Schutzgasatmosphäre vorzugsweise mit natürlicher Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf eine Temperatur zwischen 100°C und Raumtemperatur abgekühlt.The martensitic steel is then removed from the melt and under the protective gas atmosphere, preferably with natural Cooling rate to a temperature between 100 ° C and cooled to room temperature.
Danach wird der martensitische Stahl heißisostatisch bei einem Druck von mindestens 1500 bar bei der Austenitisierungstemperatur (Aci-Endtemperatur) gepreßt. Die Austenitisierungstemperatur liegt bei 8 bis 10 %-igen Chromstählen zwischen 1040°C und 1075°C. Der maximal anwendbare Druck ist in der Regel aus apparativen Gründen auf ca. 3000 bar begrenzt. Hierbei werden alle martensitischen Bestandteile des Stahls in Austenit umgewandelt. Then the martensitic steel becomes hot isostatic at one Pressure of at least 1500 bar at the austenitizing temperature (Aci final temperature) pressed. The austenitizing temperature is 8 to 10% chromium steels between 1040 ° C and 1075 ° C. The maximum applicable pressure is usually from apparatus Reasons limited to approx. 3000 bar. Here, everyone martensitic components of the steel converted into austenite.
Die Haltezeit beim heißisostatischen Pressen entspricht der Haltezeit bei Austenitisierungstemperatur und soll für 8 bis 10 %ige Chromstähle im Bereich zwischen 30 und 40 Minuten liegen. Dabei wird eine ca. 100 bis 200 um dicke Schutzschicht gebildet.The holding time in hot isostatic pressing corresponds to Holding time at austenitizing temperature and should be for 8 to 10 % chromium steels are between 30 and 40 minutes. An approximately 100 to 200 μm thick protective layer is formed.
Im Anschluß an das heißisostatische Pressen wird der Stahl einer Härtung unterzogen. Hierzu wird der Stahl in an sich bekannter Weise abgeschreckt und danach angelassen. Das Anlassen kann in Abhängigkeit von der Stahlsorte beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur von 750°C und einer Haltezeit von 1 bis 2 Stunden vorgenommen werden. Durch diesen Schritt wird der martensitische Zustand mit der gewünschten Duktilität wieder hergestellt.Following the hot isostatic pressing, the steel becomes one Subjected to hardening. For this purpose, the steel is known per se Way quenched and then tempered. Starting can be done in Dependence on the type of steel, for example at a temperature of 750 ° C and a holding time of 1 to 2 hours become. This step will make the martensitic state restored with the desired ductility.
Beim erfindungsgemäß beschichteten Stahl schließt sich an den martensitischen Grundkörper eine Eisen/Chrom/Aluminium-Mischkristallschicht an, die ca. 100 bis 200 um dick ist und deren Aluminiumgehalt in den oberflächennahen Bereichen ca. 30 % beträgt, wobei der Aluminiumgehalt in Richtung auf den Grundkörper abnimmt. Die Mischkristallschicht weist im wesentlichen dieselbe Duktilität auf wie der martensitische Grundkörper. Die Oberfläche der Schutzschicht wird durch eine ca. 1 um dicke keramische Schicht aus Aluminiumoxid gebildet. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung ist, daß bei einer mechanischen Beschädigung der obersten Aluminiumoxidschicht in einer oxidierenden Atmosphäre Aluminiumoxid nachgebildet werden kann. Die Schutzschicht erweist sich damit als selbstheilend. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß infolge des heißisostatischen Pressens die Porengröße und die Zahl der Poren stark vermindert ist. Die Schutzschicht erweist sich als wirkungsvolle Diffusionssperrschicht gegenüber Wasserstoff; die Tritiumdiffusion ist gegenüber unbeschichteten Stählen um einen Faktor von ca. 1000 vermindert. Die Schutzschicht ist zudem gegen den korrosiven Angriff von Flüssigmetallen nahezu inert.In the steel coated according to the invention, the martensitic base body an iron / chrome / aluminum mixed crystal layer which is approx. 100 to 200 µm thick and its aluminum content is approx. 30% in the areas near the surface, the aluminum content decreases in the direction of the base body. The mixed crystal layer has essentially the same Ductility like the martensitic body. The surface the protective layer is covered by a ceramic layer approx. 1 µm thick Layer formed from alumina. A major advantage of Invention is that in the event of mechanical damage to the top Aluminum oxide layer in an oxidizing atmosphere can be replicated. The protective layer proves self-healing. Another advantage is that as a result of hot isostatic pressing the pore size and number the pores are greatly reduced. The protective layer turns out as an effective diffusion barrier against hydrogen; the tritium diffusion is compared to uncoated steels reduced by a factor of approx. 1000. The protective layer is also almost against the corrosive attack of liquid metals inert.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail.
Zur Beschichtung wurden verschiedene Stahlteile aus dem aus K.
Anderko, K. Ehrlich, L. Schäfer und M. Schirra: "CETA, ein Entwicklungsschritt
zu einem schwach aktivierbaren martensitischen
Stahl", Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Kfk 5060 (Juni 1993) als
MANET II bekannten martensitischen Stahl eingesetzt. MANET II
ist wie folgt zusammengesetzt:
Die Oberfläche der zu beschichtenden Stahlteile wurde zunächst durch Sandstrahlen gesäubert. Anschließend wurden die Teile in Aceton und Ethanol gereinigt. Um eine bessere Benetzbarkeit mit der Aluminiumschmelze zu erreichen, wurde ein Flußmittel bestehend aus einer gesättigten Salzlösung (KCl, NaCl und Na3AlF6 im Verhältnis 5:4:1) aufgetragen. Die so präparierten Teile wurden getrocknet, bevor sie in eine Box mit Schutzgasatmosphäre (Argon mit 5 % Wasserstoff), in der sich ein Tiegel mit der Schmelze befand, eingeschleust wurden. Die Temperatur der Reinaluminium-Schmelze betrug 700°C. Die Teile wurden 30 Sekunden lang in die Aluminium-Schmelze eingetaucht und anschließend unter der Schutzgasatmosphäre auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Nachdem die mit Aluminium beschichteten Stahlteile abgekühlt waren, wurden sie durch ein Schleusensystem aus der Box entnommen.The surface of the steel parts to be coated was initially cleaned by sandblasting. Then the parts in Acetone and ethanol cleaned. To better wettability with to reach the aluminum melt, a flux was created from a saturated saline solution (KCl, NaCl and Na3AlF6 in Ratio 5: 4: 1) applied. The parts prepared in this way were dried before being placed in a box with a protective gas atmosphere (argon with 5% hydrogen), in which there is a crucible with the melt was infiltrated. The temperature of the pure aluminum melt was 700 ° C. The parts were placed in the for 30 seconds Submerged aluminum melt and then under the Protective gas atmosphere cooled to room temperature. after the steel parts coated with aluminum were cooled removed from the box by a lock system.
Die Teile wurden anschließend in eine HIP-Anlage eingebracht. Die Anlage wurde zunächst evakuiert und anschließend mit Ar 4.8 geflutet. Danach wurden Temperatur und Druck gleichzeitig erhöht, bis die Austenitisierungstemperatur von 1075°C und 3000 bar Druck erreicht waren. Nach einer Haltezeit von 0,5 Stunden wurde die Anlage abgeschaltet, wonach die Teile mit ca. 10 bis 20 K/min bei konstantem Druck abkühlten. Diese Abkühlrate ist ausreichend, um die Bildung von Martensit zu gewährleisten, d. h., um die Teile zu härten. Die anschließende Anlaßbehandlung erfolgte ebenfalls in der HIP-Anlage. Alternativ könnte auch ein anderer Ofen verwendet werden. Die Stahlteile wurden bei einer Temperatur von 750°C für eine Zeit von 2 Stunden angelassen. Obwohl der Anlaßschritt prinzipiell drucklos vorgenommen werden kann, wurde in der HIP-Anlage beim Anlassen ein Druck von 3000 bar aufrechterhalten. Danach wurde die HIP-Anlage abgeschaltet und die Stahlteile abgekühlt.The parts were then placed in a HIP system. The system was first evacuated and then with Ar 4.8 flooded. Then the temperature and pressure were increased at the same time, up to the austenitizing temperature of 1075 ° C and 3000 bar pressure were reached. After a holding time of 0.5 hours the system was switched off, after which the parts with approx. 10 to Cooled 20 K / min at constant pressure. This cooling rate is sufficient to ensure the formation of martensite, d. that is, to harden the parts. The subsequent tempering treatment also took place in the HIP plant. Alternatively, one could other oven can be used. The steel parts were at one Leave the temperature at 750 ° C for 2 hours. Even though the starting step can in principle be carried out without pressure a pressure of 3000 in the HIP system when starting maintain cash. The HIP system was then switched off and the steel parts cooled.
Claims (5)
- Method of producing a protective layer on a martensitic steel, said method having the following steps:a) dipping the martensitic steel in a melt formed from aluminium or an aluminium alloy under a protective gas atmosphere;b) removing the steel from the melt and cooling it to a temperature ranging from 100° C to ambient temperature under the protective gas atmosphere;c) isostatically hot-pressing (HIP) the steel at a pressure of at least 1500 bar at the austenitisation temperature; andd) quenching and tempering the steel.
- Method according to claim 1, using an 8 to 10 % chromium steel.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, using a temperature of the melt in the range between the melting point and a maximum of 100° C above the melting point.
- Method according to claim 1, using an immersion period in the range between 5 seconds and 2 minutes.
- Use of the steel, which is provided with the protective layer according to one of claims 1 to 4, as the structural material for nuclear fusion experiments, wherein the steel is brought into contact with tritium and/or a liquid metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19853285 | 1998-11-19 | ||
| DE19853285A DE19853285C1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Process for producing a protective layer on a martensitic steel and use of the steel provided with the protective layer |
| PCT/EP1999/007881 WO2000031312A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-10-18 | Method for producing of a protective layer on a martensitic steel and utilisation of said steel coated with said protective layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1133579A1 EP1133579A1 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
| EP1133579B1 true EP1133579B1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=7888280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99952596A Expired - Lifetime EP1133579B1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-10-18 | Method for producing of a protective layer on a martensitic steel and utilisation of said steel coated with said protective layer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1133579B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002530536A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE223976T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19853285C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000031312A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4990449B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2012-08-01 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Aluminum-coated steel sheet for high-strength automotive parts and automotive parts using the same |
| JP4700263B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2011-06-15 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High-pressure hydrogen gas tank and piping |
| DE102004010689B3 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-06-30 | Schott Ag | Absorber with radiation-selective absorber coating for use of thermic solar energy has oxide diffusion blocking layer provided by oxidized components of metal substrate |
| DE102005030231B4 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2007-05-31 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Method for applying a high-temperature suitable FeCrAl protective layer, cladding tube with such a protective layer applied and use of such a cladding tube |
| DE102016107152B4 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-11-09 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Component of press-hardened aluminum-coated steel sheet and method for producing such a component and its use |
| US10450668B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2019-10-22 | Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Llc | Development of a passivated stainless steel surface |
| CN116968397B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-15 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Tritium permeation-preventing layered composite material and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1057188A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1967-02-01 | Murex Welding Processes Ltd | An improved method of applying a metal coating to wires, tubes or strips |
| DE3145941C2 (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-12-01 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Process for increasing the reliability of coated components of turbomachinery that are already subject to creep stress |
| JPS5950177A (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-03-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Surface treatment of metal giving superior adhesive property |
| JPS61250130A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-07 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Manufacture of composite material strengthened with fiber |
| US5447754A (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1995-09-05 | Armco Inc. | Aluminized steel alloys containing chromium and method for producing same |
| JPH08134595A (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | High strength stainless steel sheet excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance |
| JPH10175081A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-30 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Manufacture of aluminum alloy clad material |
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 DE DE19853285A patent/DE19853285C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-18 JP JP2000584119A patent/JP2002530536A/en active Pending
- 1999-10-18 DE DE59902693T patent/DE59902693D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-18 AT AT99952596T patent/ATE223976T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-18 WO PCT/EP1999/007881 patent/WO2000031312A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-18 EP EP99952596A patent/EP1133579B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59902693D1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| EP1133579A1 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
| ATE223976T1 (en) | 2002-09-15 |
| DE19853285C1 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
| JP2002530536A (en) | 2002-09-17 |
| WO2000031312A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 |
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