EP1131594A1 - Heat exchanger for high-pressure fluid - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for high-pressure fluid

Info

Publication number
EP1131594A1
EP1131594A1 EP00922766A EP00922766A EP1131594A1 EP 1131594 A1 EP1131594 A1 EP 1131594A1 EP 00922766 A EP00922766 A EP 00922766A EP 00922766 A EP00922766 A EP 00922766A EP 1131594 A1 EP1131594 A1 EP 1131594A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
cradle
exchanger according
axial direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00922766A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1131594B1 (en
Inventor
Carlos Martins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur SA filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Publication of EP1131594A1 publication Critical patent/EP1131594A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1131594B1 publication Critical patent/EP1131594B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0243—Header boxes having a circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0073—Gas coolers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one manifold, the internal volume of which is defined by at least one longitudinal bore formed in an elongated solid body, and is in fluid communication with a row of tubes mutually aligned in the axial direction. or bore (s), elongated parallel to each other in a first direction substantially perpendicular to said axial direction and having a cross section elongated in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction and substantially perpendicular to said first direction.
  • Such heat exchangers are used in particular for the extraction of heat from a refrigerant fluid in a motor vehicle air conditioning installation, and more particularly when the refrigerant fluid is one which, like C0 2 , must be subjected to pressures very high, for example several hundred bars.
  • the manifolds used in conventional air conditioning condensers comprising, a tubular wall formed by one or more rolled sheets, would not, in fact, withstand such pressures, and a solid part is required to provide a sufficient wall thickness.
  • the ends of the tubes open directly into a bore defining the interior volume of the manifold, as they do inside the sheet metal tubular wall of conventional manifolds, the high wall thickness of the manifold adds to the size of the tubes in the second direction, thereby increasing the overall size of the heat exchanger.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback, and to reduce the size of the heat exchanger in the second direction, for a given length of the cross section of the tubes.
  • the invention relates in particular to a heat exchanger of the kind defined in the introduction, and provides that only part of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, into said interior volume, the tightness of the communication of fluid between the tubes and the interior volume being obtained by means of a cradle in the form of a profiled strip, receiving said body and brazed thereto and at the periphery of the tubes.
  • At least one end of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, beyond the bore or all of the bores in the second direction.
  • each tube engages in a slot in said body, elongated in the second direction, opening at its two ends and the bottom of which is interrupted by said interior volume, said cradle being applied to the body so as to cover said slots and having opposite them elongated openings for the sealed passage of the tubes.
  • Each slot has two lateral zones of reduced depth, the bottom of which serves as a stop for the end of the tube and a deeper central zone defining a free space which communicates with the interior of the tube.
  • One end of each tube engages in a fluid-tight manner in a deep-drawn cradle of the cradle, the bottom of which is itself sealed in a transverse notch in the body and traversed by at least one opening for the communication of fluid between the tube and said interior volume.
  • the body and the cradle have means of mutual mechanical attachment.
  • attachment means comprise two recesses extending in the axial direction on the outer surface of the body, respectively on either side of a plane passing through the axes of the tubes, and cooperating with teeth of the cradle.
  • Each tooth is formed at the free end of a tab extending substantially in a radial plane, each tab being interposed in the axial direction between two cups.
  • the manifold comprises at least one transverse partition delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber which is part of said interior volume, engaged in an opening of the body which is covered by the cradle.
  • the manifold comprises at least one transverse partition delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber which is part of said interior volume, engaged in an opening of the body beyond which it projects and carrying mechanical fastening means on the periphery of the body.
  • Figure 1 is a partial exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger for extracting heat at from C0 2 in the supercritical state under high pressure, used as a refrigerant in an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views in cross section and in axial section respectively of the part of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 are partial perspective views of two other heat exchangers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial view at the end of the exchanger of FIG. 5.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 are partial views in longitudinal section and from the side of this same exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a manifold formed essentially by a solid metal body 1 having externally the general shape of an elongated cylinder of revolution.
  • the body 1 is pierced with an axial through bore 2 which gives it the shape of a thick-walled tube.
  • the body 1 is for example produced by extrusion.
  • Transverse slots 3 regularly spaced from each other in the axial direction, are formed in the body 1.
  • Each slot 3 is elongated horizontally, as seen in Figure 2, and opens out of the body at its two ends as well only down its entire length. Its bottom is also interrupted by the bore 2, which is thus in fluid communication with the slot.
  • Each slot serves to receive the upper end of a vertically elongated tube 4, as seen in the figures, and having two main faces situated in respective planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the body 1 and the bore 2, giving it an elongated cross section from left to right in FIG. 2.
  • Each tube 4 is pierced with a multiplicity of longitudinal channels mutually aligned according to its width (that is to say along the length of its cross section), these channels defining separate paths for the circulation of the fluid.
  • the tubes 4 are mutually aligned in the direction of the axis A, alternating with spacers 6 each consisting of a corrugated strip, the crests of a corrugated interlayer coming into contact alternately with the two tubes which frame it.
  • the width of the tubes is greater than the diameter of the bore 2, so that only the channels 5 located in a median region of this width open directly into the bore 2, while the other channels open out into look at the thick wall of the body 1, on either side of the bore, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 2.
  • the bottom of the slots is located at two different levels. On each of the longitudinal sides of a slot, the bottom 7 thereof is at a lower level and forms a stop for the lateral edges of the end of the tube 4.
  • the ends of the slots 3 open to the outside of the body 1, and must therefore be closed to ensure leak-tight communication between the channels 5 and the bore 2.
  • the body 1 rests, by the lower half of its surface , in a cradle 10 in rolled sheet.
  • Each of the lateral edges 11 of the cradle 10 is provided with a series of teeth 12 which hook onto a longitudinal recess 13 provided on the corresponding side of the body 1.
  • Figures 1 and 3 still show a transverse partition
  • One or more transverse partitions can thus be provided, to axially limit the interior volume of the manifold and / or divide it into different chambers.
  • the cradle 10 has openings 17 elongated transversely, of a size just sufficient for the passage of the tubes 4.
  • the cradle is brazed to the body 1, to the tubes 4 and to the partition 14, by means of a brazing applied for example on its entire concave upper surface, thus ensuring the seal between the bore 2, the slots 3 and the channels 5 on the one hand, and the exterior on the other hand.
  • the partition 14 must also be brazed to the wall of the bore 2 to ensure the sealed separation thereof.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show a thread 19 provided at one end of the bore 2 for the screwing of a fluid inlet or outlet nozzle.
  • the lower ends, not shown, of the tubes 4 can be in communication with a lower manifold similar to the upper manifold, as is the case in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 4, where elements similar to those described above are given the same reference numbers increased by 20, and will not be described again in detail.
  • This second heat exchanger comprises tubes 24 similar to the tubes 4 described above, and two manifolds whose bodies 21 differ from the body 1 in that each of them has not one, but two longitudinal bores 22 whose axes are parallel and located in the same horizontal plane, for a vertical orientation of the tubes.
  • the two bores of each body 21 are therefore separated one from the other by an intermediate longitudinal wall 38.
  • Transverse slots 23 similar to the slots 3 are formed in the bodies.
  • the deepest part of each slot therefore defines, in addition to two horizontal conduits 29 each of which connects a bore 22 to the adjacent end of the slot, a horizontal conduit 29a connecting the two bores to each other, and into which the circulation channels open out. 25 located in a central region of the width of the tube 24. It is also possible to provide that the channels 25 located in the marginal regions of the width of the tube open beyond the bores 22, that is to say in the conduits 29, as is the case for the heat exchanger of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • Each cradle is associated with a cradle 30 which, in addition to its shape adapted to the width of the body 21, differs from the cradle 10 described above in that the teeth 12 are replaced by flanges 32 projecting in the direction of the longitudinal plane. median of the heat exchanger and cooperating over the entire length of the cradle with a corresponding lateral offset 33 of the body.
  • each collecting box comprises a solid body 41 of a generally cylindrical shape similar to that of body 1, and traversed like this by an axial bore 42 cylindrical of revolution.
  • Each body 41 is associated with a cradle 50 in stamped sheet metal.
  • Each end of the tubes 44 is capped by a bowl 60 formed by the stamping of the cradle, the bottom 61 of this bowl fitting into a transverse notch 62 of the body 41, which communicates with the bore 42 and which opens at its ends on both sides of the body.
  • An opening 63 crossing the bottom 61 at its center allows communication of fluid between the bore 42 and the channels 45 of the tube, the tightness of this communication being ensured by brazing the bowl by its internal face at the periphery of the tube and by the external face of its bottom at the notch 62 of the body.
  • each cradle 50 to the corresponding body 41 is carried out by means of lugs 64 belonging to the cradle, arranged in pairs on either side of the body, the pairs of lugs being arranged alternately with the bowls 60.
  • Each leg 64 is turned away from the interlayer 66, that is to say upwards for the upper cradle and downwards for the lower cradle, and ends with a tooth 65 which projects in the direction of The axis of the body to cooperate with a longitudinal step 53 of the latter, in the same way as the teeth 12 of the heat exchanger of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • transverse partition 54 which is introduced in the same way as the partition 14 of Figures 1 to 3 through an opening 56 of the body 41 facing the bundle of tubes, to define a chamber 55 in the bore 42.
  • this partition projects beyond the opening 56, to form the starting base of two legs 66 which extend in the circumferential direction along the body 41 until the recesses 53, on which they hook onto end teeth 67 which act in the same way as teeth 65.

Abstract

A heat exchanger for heat extraction of a refrigerating fluid such as CO2, comprising at least one collecting box defined by a solid body (41) with a thick wall capable of resisting the high pressure of said fluid, and communicating with a row of flat tubes (44). In order to limit bulkiness in the width of the heat exchanger, only one part of the length of the cross section of the tubes is located opposite the inner volume of said body, whereby tightness of the fluidic communication between the tubes and the inner volume is obtained by means of a cradle (50) in the form of a shaped strip receiving said body and brazed thereto on the periphery of the tubes. The invention can be used to aircondition passenger compartments in vehicles.

Description

Échanσeur de chaleur pour fluide sous pression élevéeHeat exchanger for high pressure fluid
L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant au moins une boite collectrice dont le volume intérieur est défini par au moins un alésage longitudinal ménagé dans un corps massif allongé, et est en communication de fluide avec une rangée de tubes mutuellement alignés dans la direction axiale du ou des alésages, allongés parallèlement les uns aux autres dans une première direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à ladite direction axiale et ayant une section transversale allongée dans une seconde direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction axiale et sensiblement perpendiculaire à ladite première direction.The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one manifold, the internal volume of which is defined by at least one longitudinal bore formed in an elongated solid body, and is in fluid communication with a row of tubes mutually aligned in the axial direction. or bore (s), elongated parallel to each other in a first direction substantially perpendicular to said axial direction and having a cross section elongated in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction and substantially perpendicular to said first direction.
De tels échangeurs de chaleur sont utilisés notamment pour l'extraction de chaleur d'un fluide réfrigérant dans une installation de climatisation de véhicule automobile, et plus particulièrement lorsque le fluide réfrigérant est de ceux qui, comme C02, doivent être soumis à des pressions très élevées, par exemple de plusieurs centaines de bars. Les boites collectrices utilisées dans les condenseurs de climatisation classiques, comprenant, une paroi tubulaire formée par une ou des tôles roulées, ne résisteraient pas, en effet, à de telles pressions, et une pièce massive est requise pour fournir une épaisseur de paroi suffisante.Such heat exchangers are used in particular for the extraction of heat from a refrigerant fluid in a motor vehicle air conditioning installation, and more particularly when the refrigerant fluid is one which, like C0 2 , must be subjected to pressures very high, for example several hundred bars. The manifolds used in conventional air conditioning condensers, comprising, a tubular wall formed by one or more rolled sheets, would not, in fact, withstand such pressures, and a solid part is required to provide a sufficient wall thickness.
Cependant, si les extrémités des tubes débouchent directement dans un alésage définissant le volume intérieur de la boite collectrice, comme elles le font à l'intérieur de la paroi tubulaire en tôle des boites collectrices classiques, l'épaisseur de paroi élevée de la boite collectrice s'ajoute à l'encombrement des tubes dans la seconde direction, augmentant d'autant l'encombrement global de l'échangeur de chaleur.However, if the ends of the tubes open directly into a bore defining the interior volume of the manifold, as they do inside the sheet metal tubular wall of conventional manifolds, the high wall thickness of the manifold adds to the size of the tubes in the second direction, thereby increasing the overall size of the heat exchanger.
Le but de l'invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient, et de réduire l'encombrement de l' échangeur de chaleur dans la seconde direction, pour une longueur donnée de la section transversale des tubes.The object of the invention is to remedy this drawback, and to reduce the size of the heat exchanger in the second direction, for a given length of the cross section of the tubes.
L'invention vise notamment un échangeur de chaleur du genre défini en introduction, et prévoit qu'une partie seulement de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes se projette, selon ladite première direction, dans ledit volume intérieur, l'étanchéité de la communication de fluide entre les tubes et le volume intérieur étant obtenue au moyen d'un berceau sous forme d'une bande profilée, recevant ledit corps et brasé à celui-ci et à la périphérie des tubes .The invention relates in particular to a heat exchanger of the kind defined in the introduction, and provides that only part of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, into said interior volume, the tightness of the communication of fluid between the tubes and the interior volume being obtained by means of a cradle in the form of a profiled strip, receiving said body and brazed thereto and at the periphery of the tubes.
Des caractéristiques optionnelles de l'invention, complémentaires ou alternatives, sont énoncées ci-après:Optional, complementary or alternative features of the invention are set out below:
- Au moins une extrémité de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes se projette, selon ladite première direction, au-delà de l'alésage ou de l'ensemble des alésages dans la seconde direction.- At least one end of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, beyond the bore or all of the bores in the second direction.
- Une partie intermédiaire de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes se projette, selon ladite première direction, entre deux alésages définissant ledit volume intérieur.- An intermediate part of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, between two bores defining said interior volume.
- Une extrémité de chaque tube s 'engage dans une fente ménagée dans ledit corps, allongée dans la seconde direction, débouchant à ses deux extrémités et dont le fond est interrompu par ledit volume intérieur, ledit berceau étant appliqué sur le corps de manière à recouvrir lesdites fentes et présentant en regard de celles-ci des ouvertures allongées pour le passage étanche des tubes.- One end of each tube engages in a slot in said body, elongated in the second direction, opening at its two ends and the bottom of which is interrupted by said interior volume, said cradle being applied to the body so as to cover said slots and having opposite them elongated openings for the sealed passage of the tubes.
- Chaque fente présente deux zones latérales d'une profondeur réduite dont le fond sert de butée pour l'extrémité du tube et une zone médiane plus profonde définissant un espace libre qui communique avec 1 ' intérieur du tube. - Une extrémité de chaque tube s'engage de manière étanche au fluide dans une cuvette emboutie du berceau, dont le fond est lui-même logé de manière étanche dans une encoche transversale du corps et traversé par au moins une ouverture pour la communication de fluide entre le tube et ledit volume intérieur.- Each slot has two lateral zones of reduced depth, the bottom of which serves as a stop for the end of the tube and a deeper central zone defining a free space which communicates with the interior of the tube. - One end of each tube engages in a fluid-tight manner in a deep-drawn cradle of the cradle, the bottom of which is itself sealed in a transverse notch in the body and traversed by at least one opening for the communication of fluid between the tube and said interior volume.
- Le corps et le berceau présentent des moyens d'accrochage mécanique mutuel.- The body and the cradle have means of mutual mechanical attachment.
- Lesdits moyens d'accrochage comprennent deux décrochements s 'étendant dans la direction axiale sur la surface extérieure du corps, respectivement de part et d'autre d'un plan passant par les axes des tubes, et coopérant avec des dents du berceau.- Said attachment means comprise two recesses extending in the axial direction on the outer surface of the body, respectively on either side of a plane passing through the axes of the tubes, and cooperating with teeth of the cradle.
- Chaque dent est formée à l'extrémité libre d'une patte s 'étendant sensiblement dans un plan radial, chaque patte étant interposée dans la direction axiale entre deux cuvet- tes.- Each tooth is formed at the free end of a tab extending substantially in a radial plane, each tab being interposed in the axial direction between two cups.
- La boite collectrice comporte au moins une cloison transversale délimitant dans la direction axiale au moins une chambre qui fait partie dudit volume intérieur, engagée dans une ouverture du corps qui est recouverte par le berceau.- The manifold comprises at least one transverse partition delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber which is part of said interior volume, engaged in an opening of the body which is covered by the cradle.
- La boite collectrice comporte au moins une cloison transversale délimitant dans la direction axiale au moins une chambre qui fait partie dudit volume intérieur, engagée dans une ouverture du corps au-delà de laquelle elle fait saillie et portant des moyens d'accrochage mécanique sur la périphérie du corps.- The manifold comprises at least one transverse partition delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber which is part of said interior volume, engaged in an opening of the body beyond which it projects and carrying mechanical fastening means on the periphery of the body.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront exposés plus en détail dans la description ci-après, en se référant aux dessins annexés.The characteristics and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail in the description below, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
La figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective éclatée d'un échangeur de chaleur destiné à l'extraction de chaleur à partir de C02 à l'état supercritique sous pression élevée, utilisé en tant que fluide réfrigérant dans un circuit de climatisation de véhicule automobile.Figure 1 is a partial exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger for extracting heat at from C0 2 in the supercritical state under high pressure, used as a refrigerant in an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.
Les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues en coupe transversale et en coupe axiale respectivement de la partie de l'échangeur de chaleur représentée sur la figure 1.FIGS. 2 and 3 are views in cross section and in axial section respectively of the part of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1.
Les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues partielles en perspective de deux autres échangeurs de chaleur selon l'invention.Figures 4 and 5 are partial perspective views of two other heat exchangers according to the invention.
La figure 6 est une vue partielle en bout de l'échangeur de la figure 5.FIG. 6 is a partial view at the end of the exchanger of FIG. 5.
Les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues partielles en coupe longitudinale et de côté de ce même échangeur.Figures 7 and 8 are partial views in longitudinal section and from the side of this same exchanger.
L'échangeur de chaleur représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 comprend une boite collectrice formée essentiellement par un corps métallique massif 1 ayant extérieurement la forme générale d'un cylindre de révolution allongé. Le corps 1 est percé d'un alésage axial traversant 2 qui lui confère la forme d'un tube à paroi épaisse. Le corps 1 est par exemple réalisé par extrusion.The heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a manifold formed essentially by a solid metal body 1 having externally the general shape of an elongated cylinder of revolution. The body 1 is pierced with an axial through bore 2 which gives it the shape of a thick-walled tube. The body 1 is for example produced by extrusion.
Des fentes transversales 3, régulièrement espacées les unes des autres dans la direction axiale, sont ménagées dans le corps 1. Chaque fente 3 est allongée horizontalement, comme vu sur la figure 2, et débouche à l'extérieur du corps à ses deux extrémités ainsi que vers le bas sur toute sa longueur. Son fond est par ailleurs interrompu par l'alésage 2, qui est ainsi en communication de fluide avec la fente. Chaque fente sert à recevoir l'extrémité supérieure d'un tube 4 allongé verticalement, comme vu sur les figures, et présentant deux faces principales situées dans des plans respectifs perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal A du corps 1 et de l'alésage 2, lui conférant une section transversale allongée de gauche à droite de la figure 2. Chaque tube 4 est percé d'une multiplicité de canaux longitudinaux mutuellement alignés selon sa largeur (c'est-à-dire selon la longueur de sa section transversale), ces canaux définissant des trajets séparés pour la circulation du fluide. Les tubes 4 sont mutuellement alignés dans la direction de l'axe A, en alternance avec des intercalaires 6 constitués chacun par une bande ondulée, les crêtes d'ondulation d'un intercalaire venant en contact alternativement avec les deux tubes qui l'encadrent.Transverse slots 3, regularly spaced from each other in the axial direction, are formed in the body 1. Each slot 3 is elongated horizontally, as seen in Figure 2, and opens out of the body at its two ends as well only down its entire length. Its bottom is also interrupted by the bore 2, which is thus in fluid communication with the slot. Each slot serves to receive the upper end of a vertically elongated tube 4, as seen in the figures, and having two main faces situated in respective planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the body 1 and the bore 2, giving it an elongated cross section from left to right in FIG. 2. Each tube 4 is pierced with a multiplicity of longitudinal channels mutually aligned according to its width (that is to say along the length of its cross section), these channels defining separate paths for the circulation of the fluid. The tubes 4 are mutually aligned in the direction of the axis A, alternating with spacers 6 each consisting of a corrugated strip, the crests of a corrugated interlayer coming into contact alternately with the two tubes which frame it.
Selon l'invention, la largeur des tubes est supérieure au diamètre de l'alésage 2, de telle sorte que seuls les canaux 5 situés dans une région médiane de cette largeur débouchent directement dans l'alésage 2, tandis que les autres canaux débouchent en regard de la paroi épaisse du corps 1, de part et d'autre de l'alésage, comme on le voit clairement sur la figure 2. Il en résulte une diminution de l'encombrement de la boite collectrice, et par suite de l'échangeur de chaleur dans son ensemble, dans la direction de la largeur des tubes, pour une valeur donnée de celle-ci. Pour permettre à la fois un positionnement précis des tubes et une communication de fluide efficace entre les canaux marginaux et l'alésage 2, le fond des fentes se situe à deux niveaux différents. Sur chacun des côtés longitudinaux d'une fente, le fond 7 de celle-ci se trouve à un niveau inférieur et forme butée pour les bords latéraux de 1 ' extrémité du tube 4. Dans la région médiane de la largeur de la fente, son fond 8 se trouve à un niveau supérieur, écarté par conséquent de l'extrémité du tube, pour définir, de part et d'autre de l'alésage 2, deux conduits horizontaux 9 qui communiquent avec celui-ci à leur extrémité et dans lesquels débouchent les canaux marginaux du tube 4.According to the invention, the width of the tubes is greater than the diameter of the bore 2, so that only the channels 5 located in a median region of this width open directly into the bore 2, while the other channels open out into look at the thick wall of the body 1, on either side of the bore, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 2. This results in a reduction in the size of the manifold, and as a result of the heat exchanger as a whole, in the direction of the width of the tubes, for a given value thereof. To allow both precise positioning of the tubes and effective fluid communication between the marginal channels and the bore 2, the bottom of the slots is located at two different levels. On each of the longitudinal sides of a slot, the bottom 7 thereof is at a lower level and forms a stop for the lateral edges of the end of the tube 4. In the median region of the width of the slot, its bottom 8 is located at a higher level, consequently spaced from the end of the tube, to define, on either side of bore 2, two horizontal conduits 9 which communicate with it at their end and in which open the marginal channels of the tube 4.
Les extrémités des fentes 3 débouchent à l'extérieur du corps 1, et doivent donc être obturées pour assurer une communication étanche entre les canaux 5 et l'alésage 2. À cet effet, le corps 1 repose, par la moitié inférieure de sa surface, dans un berceau 10 en tôle roulée. Chacun des bords latéraux 11 du berceau 10 est muni d'une série de dents 12 qui viennent s'accrocher sur un décrochement longitudinal 13 prévu sur le côté correspondant du corps 1. Les figures 1 et 3 montrent encore une cloison transversaleThe ends of the slots 3 open to the outside of the body 1, and must therefore be closed to ensure leak-tight communication between the channels 5 and the bore 2. For this purpose, the body 1 rests, by the lower half of its surface , in a cradle 10 in rolled sheet. Each of the lateral edges 11 of the cradle 10 is provided with a series of teeth 12 which hook onto a longitudinal recess 13 provided on the corresponding side of the body 1. Figures 1 and 3 still show a transverse partition
14 qui délimite dans la direction axiale au moins une chambre14 which delimits in the axial direction at least one chamber
15 à l'intérieur de l'alésage 2. Une ouverture transversale15 inside bore 2. A transverse opening
16 est ménagée à la partie inférieure du corps 1 pour introduire la cloison 14 et est comblée par celle-ci dans sa position finale. Une ou plusieurs cloisons transversales peuvent ainsi être prévues, pour limiter axialement le volume intérieur de la boite collectrice et/ou diviser celui-ci en différentes chambres.16 is provided in the lower part of the body 1 to introduce the partition 14 and is filled by the latter in its final position. One or more transverse partitions can thus be provided, to axially limit the interior volume of the manifold and / or divide it into different chambers.
Le berceau 10 présente des ouvertures 17 allongées transversalement, d'une taille juste suffisante pour le passage des tubes 4. Le berceau est brasé au corps 1 , aux tubes 4 et à la cloison 14, au moyen d'une brasure appliquée par exemple sur toute sa surface supérieure concave, assurant ainsi l'étan- chéité entre l'alésage 2, les fentes 3 et les canaux 5 d'une part, et l'extérieur d'autre part. La cloison 14 doit par ailleurs être brasée à la paroi de l'alésage 2 pour assurer la séparation étanche de celui-ci.The cradle 10 has openings 17 elongated transversely, of a size just sufficient for the passage of the tubes 4. The cradle is brazed to the body 1, to the tubes 4 and to the partition 14, by means of a brazing applied for example on its entire concave upper surface, thus ensuring the seal between the bore 2, the slots 3 and the channels 5 on the one hand, and the exterior on the other hand. The partition 14 must also be brazed to the wall of the bore 2 to ensure the sealed separation thereof.
Les figures 1 et 3 montrent un taraudage 19 prévu à une extrémité de l'alésage 2 pour le vissage d'un embout d'entrée ou de sortie de fluide.Figures 1 and 3 show a thread 19 provided at one end of the bore 2 for the screwing of a fluid inlet or outlet nozzle.
Les extrémités inférieures, non représentées, des tubes 4 peuvent être en communication avec une boite collectrice inférieure analogue à la boite collectrice supérieure, comme c'est le cas dans l'échangeur de chaleur représenté sur la figure 4, où des éléments semblables à ceux décrits précédem- ment sont affectés des mêmes numéros de référence augmentés de 20, et ne seront pas de nouveau décrits en détail.The lower ends, not shown, of the tubes 4 can be in communication with a lower manifold similar to the upper manifold, as is the case in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 4, where elements similar to those described above are given the same reference numbers increased by 20, and will not be described again in detail.
Ce second échangeur de chaleur comprend des tubes 24 semblables aux tubes 4 décrits précédemment, et deux boites collectrices dont les corps 21 diffèrent du corps 1 en ce que chacun d'eux présente non pas un, mais deux alésages longitudinaux 22 dont les axes sont parallèles et situés dans un même plan horizontal, pour une orientation verticale des tubes. Les deux alésages de chaque corps 21 sont donc séparés l'un de l'autre par une paroi longitudinale intermédiaire 38. Des fentes transversales 23 analogues aux fentes 3 sont ménagées dans les corps. La partie la plus profonde de chaque fente définit donc, outre deux conduits horizontaux 29 dont chacun relie un alésage 22 à l'extrémité voisine de la fente, un conduit horizontal 29a reliant entre eux les deux alésages, et dans lequel débouchent les canaux de circulation 25 situés dans une région médiane de la largeur du tube 24. Il est également possible de prévoir que les canaux 25 situés dans les régions marginales de la largeur du tube débouchent au-delà des alésages 22, c'est-à-dire dans les conduits 29, comme c'est le cas pour l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 à 3.This second heat exchanger comprises tubes 24 similar to the tubes 4 described above, and two manifolds whose bodies 21 differ from the body 1 in that each of them has not one, but two longitudinal bores 22 whose axes are parallel and located in the same horizontal plane, for a vertical orientation of the tubes. The two bores of each body 21 are therefore separated one from the other by an intermediate longitudinal wall 38. Transverse slots 23 similar to the slots 3 are formed in the bodies. The deepest part of each slot therefore defines, in addition to two horizontal conduits 29 each of which connects a bore 22 to the adjacent end of the slot, a horizontal conduit 29a connecting the two bores to each other, and into which the circulation channels open out. 25 located in a central region of the width of the tube 24. It is also possible to provide that the channels 25 located in the marginal regions of the width of the tube open beyond the bores 22, that is to say in the conduits 29, as is the case for the heat exchanger of FIGS. 1 to 3.
À chacune des boites collectrices est associé un berceau 30 qui, outre sa forme adaptée à la largeur du corps 21, diffère du berceau 10 décrit ci-dessus en ce que les dents 12 sont remplacées par des rebords 32 faisant saillie en direction du plan longitudinal médian de l'échangeur de chaleur et coopérant sur toute la longueur du berceau avec un décrochement latéral correspondant 33 du corps.Each cradle is associated with a cradle 30 which, in addition to its shape adapted to the width of the body 21, differs from the cradle 10 described above in that the teeth 12 are replaced by flanges 32 projecting in the direction of the longitudinal plane. median of the heat exchanger and cooperating over the entire length of the cradle with a corresponding lateral offset 33 of the body.
Sur la figure 5, où des éléments semblables à ceux des figures 1 à 3 sont affectés des mêmes numéros de référence augmentés de 40, sont représentées de nouveau deux boites collectrices communiquant respectivement avec les extrémités supérieure et inférieure de tubes verticaux 44 semblables aux tubes 4 décrits précédemment et alignés, comme ceux-ci, en alternance avec des intercalaires 46. Chaque boite collec- trice comprend un corps massif 41 d'une forme générale cylindrique semblable à celle du corps 1, et traversé comme celui-ci par un alésage axial 42 cylindrique de révolution. À chaque corps 41 est associé un berceau 50 en tôle emboutie. Chaque extrémité des tubes 44 est coiffée par une cuvette 60 formée par l'emboutissage du berceau, le fond 61 de cette cuvette s 'ajustant dans une encoche transversale 62 du corps 41, qui communique avec l'alésage 42 et qui débouche à ses extrémités sur les deux côtés du corps. Une ouverture 63 traversant le fond 61 en son centre permet la communication de fluide entre l'alésage 42 et les canaux 45 du tube, l'étanchéité de cette communication étant assurée par brasage de la cuvette par sa face interne à la périphérie du tube et par la face externe de son fond à l'encoche 62 du corps.In FIG. 5, where elements similar to those of FIGS. 1 to 3 are assigned the same reference numbers increased by 40, two manifolds are shown again communicating respectively with the upper and lower ends of vertical tubes 44 similar to tubes 4 described above and aligned, like these, alternately with spacers 46. Each collecting box comprises a solid body 41 of a generally cylindrical shape similar to that of body 1, and traversed like this by an axial bore 42 cylindrical of revolution. Each body 41 is associated with a cradle 50 in stamped sheet metal. Each end of the tubes 44 is capped by a bowl 60 formed by the stamping of the cradle, the bottom 61 of this bowl fitting into a transverse notch 62 of the body 41, which communicates with the bore 42 and which opens at its ends on both sides of the body. An opening 63 crossing the bottom 61 at its center allows communication of fluid between the bore 42 and the channels 45 of the tube, the tightness of this communication being ensured by brazing the bowl by its internal face at the periphery of the tube and by the external face of its bottom at the notch 62 of the body.
L'accrochage mécanique de chaque berceau 50 sur le corps 41 correspondant est réalisé au moyen de pattes 64 appartenant au berceau, disposées par paires de part et d'autre du corps, les paires de pattes étant disposées en alternance avec les cuvettes 60. Chaque patte 64 est tournée à l'opposé de l'intercalaire 66, c'est-à-dire vers le haut pour le berceau supérieur et vers le bas pour le berceau inférieur, et se termine par une dent 65 qui fait saillie en direction de 1 ' axe du corps pour coopérer avec un décrochement longitudi- nal 53 de celui-ci, de la même manière que les dents 12 de l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 à 3.The mechanical attachment of each cradle 50 to the corresponding body 41 is carried out by means of lugs 64 belonging to the cradle, arranged in pairs on either side of the body, the pairs of lugs being arranged alternately with the bowls 60. Each leg 64 is turned away from the interlayer 66, that is to say upwards for the upper cradle and downwards for the lower cradle, and ends with a tooth 65 which projects in the direction of The axis of the body to cooperate with a longitudinal step 53 of the latter, in the same way as the teeth 12 of the heat exchanger of FIGS. 1 to 3.
On voit sur la figure 7 une cloison transversale 54, qui est introduite de la même manière que la cloison 14 des figures 1 à 3 par une ouverture 56 du corps 41 tournée vers le faisceau de tubes, pour délimiter une chambre 55 dans l'alésage 42. Dans sa position finale, cette cloison fait saillie au-delà de l'ouverture 56, pour former la base de départ de deux pattes 66 qui s'étendent dans la direction circonferentielle le long du corps 41 jusqu'aux décrochements 53, sur lesquels elles s'accrochent par des dents terminales 67 qui agissent de la même manière que les dents 65. We see in Figure 7 a transverse partition 54, which is introduced in the same way as the partition 14 of Figures 1 to 3 through an opening 56 of the body 41 facing the bundle of tubes, to define a chamber 55 in the bore 42. In its final position, this partition projects beyond the opening 56, to form the starting base of two legs 66 which extend in the circumferential direction along the body 41 until the recesses 53, on which they hook onto end teeth 67 which act in the same way as teeth 65.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Échangeur de chaleur, notamment pour l'extraction de chaleur d'un fluide réfrigérant dans une installation de climatisation de véhicule automobile, comprenant au moins une boite collectrice dont le volume intérieur est défini par au moins un alésage longitudinal (2) ménagé dans un corps massif allongé ( 1 ) , et est en communication de fluide avec une rangée de tubes (4) mutuellement alignés dans la direction axiale du ou des alésages, allongés parallèlement les uns aux autres dans une première direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à ladite direction axiale et ayant une section transversale allongée dans une seconde direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction axiale et sensiblement perpendiculaire à ladite première direction, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie seulement de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes se projette, selon ladite première direction, dans ledit volume intérieur, l'étanchéité de la communication de fluide entre les tubes et le volume inté- rieur étant obtenue au moyen d'un berceau (10) sous forme d'une bande profilée, recevant ledit corps et brasé à celui- ci et à la périphérie des tubes.1. Heat exchanger, in particular for extracting heat from a refrigerant fluid in a motor vehicle air conditioning installation, comprising at least one manifold whose internal volume is defined by at least one longitudinal bore (2) formed in a massive elongated body (1), and is in fluid communication with a row of tubes (4) mutually aligned in the axial direction of the bore (s), elongated parallel to each other in a first direction substantially perpendicular to said axial direction and having an elongated cross section in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction and substantially perpendicular to said first direction, characterized in that only part of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, into said internal volume, the tightness of the fluid communication between the tubes and the internal volume being obtained by means of a cradle (10) in the form of a profiled strip, receiving said body and brazed to it and to the periphery of the tubes.
2. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel au moins une extrémité de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes (4; 24) se projette, selon ladite première direction, au-delà de l'alésage (2) ou de l'ensemble des alésages (22) dans la seconde direction.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein at least one end of the length of the cross section of the tubes (4; 24) projects, in said first direction, beyond the bore (2) or all of the bores (22) in the second direction.
3. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel une partie intermédiaire de la longueur de la section transversale des tubes se projette, selon ladite première direction, entre deux alésages (22) définissant ledit volume intérieur.3. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an intermediate part of the length of the cross section of the tubes projects, in said first direction, between two bores (22) defining said interior volume.
4. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une extrémité de chaque tube s ' engage dans une fente ( 3 ) ménagée dans ledit corps, allongée dans la seconde direction, débouchant à ses deux extrémités et dont le fond est interrompu par ledit volume intérieur, ledit berceau étant appliqué sur le corps de manière à recouvrir lesdites fentes et présentant en regard de celles-ci des ouvertures allongées (17) pour le passage étanche des tubes.4. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one end of each tube engages in a slot (3) formed in said body, elongated in the second direction, opening at its two ends and whose bottom is interrupted by said interior volume, said cradle being applied to the body so as to cover said slots and having opposite them elongated openings (17) for the sealed passage of the tubes.
5. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel chaque fente présente deux zones latérales d'une profondeur réduite dont le fond ( 7 ) sert de butée pour l'extrémité du tube et une zone médiane plus profonde définissant un espace libre (9) qui communique avec l'intérieur du tube.5. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, in which each slot has two lateral zones of reduced depth, the bottom (7) of which acts as a stop for the end of the tube and a deeper central zone defining a free space (9 ) which communicates with the inside of the tube.
6. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel une extrémité de chaque tube (44) s'engage de manière étanche au fluide dans une cuvette emboutie (60) du berceau (50), dont le fond (61) est lui-même logé de manière étanche dans une encoche transversale (62) du corps (41) et traversé par au moins une ouverture (63) pour la communica- tion de fluide entre le tube et ledit volume intérieur.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which one end of each tube (44) engages in a fluid-tight manner in a deep-drawn bowl (60) of the cradle (50), the bottom of which ( 61) is itself sealed in a transverse notch (62) of the body (41) and traversed by at least one opening (63) for the communication of fluid between the tube and said interior volume.
7. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes , dans lequel le corps et le berceau présentent des moyens d'accrochage mécanique mutuel (12, 13).7. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body and the cradle have means of mutual mechanical attachment (12, 13).
8. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 7, dans lequel lesdits moyens d' accrochage comprennent deux décrochements (13) s 'étendant dans la direction axiale sur la surface extérieure du corps, respectivement de part et d'autre d'un plan passant par les axes des tubes, et coopérant avec des dents (12) du berceau.8. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein said hooking means comprise two recesses (13) extending in the axial direction on the outer surface of the body, respectively on either side of a plane passing through the axes of the tubes, and cooperating with teeth (12) of the cradle.
9. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 8, rattachée à la revendication 6, dans lequel chaque dent (65) est formée à l'extrémité libre d'une patte (64) s 'étendant sensiblement dans un plan radial, chaque patte étant interposée dans la direction axiale entre deux cuvettes (60). 9. Heat exchanger according to claim 8, attached to claim 6, wherein each tooth (65) is formed at the free end of a leg (64) extending substantially in a radial plane, each leg being interposed in the axial direction between two bowls (60).
10. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la boite collectrice (1) comporte au moins une cloison transversale (14) délimitant dans la direction axiale au moins une chambre (15) qui fait partie dudit volume intérieur, engagée dans une ouverture (16) du corps qui est recouverte par le berceau (10).10. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the manifold (1) comprises at least one transverse partition (14) delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber (15) which is part of said internal volume, engaged in an opening (16) of the body which is covered by the cradle (10).
11. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la boite collectrice comporte au moins une cloison transversale (54) délimitant dans la direction axiale au moins une chambre (55) qui fait partie dudit volume intérieur, engagée dans une ouverture (56) du corps au-delà de laquelle elle fait saillie et portant des moyens (67) d'accrochage mécanique sur la périphérie du corps (41). 11. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the manifold comprises at least one transverse partition (54) delimiting in the axial direction at least one chamber (55) which is part of said interior volume, engaged in an opening (56) of the body beyond which it projects and carrying means (67) for mechanical attachment to the periphery of the body (41).
EP00922766A 1999-04-28 2000-04-27 Heat exchanger for high-pressure fluid Expired - Lifetime EP1131594B1 (en)

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FR9905368A FR2793014B1 (en) 1999-04-28 1999-04-28 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HIGH PRESSURE FLUID
FR9905368 1999-04-28
PCT/FR2000/001118 WO2000066964A1 (en) 1999-04-28 2000-04-27 Heat exchanger for high-pressure fluid

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US6564863B1 (en) 2003-05-20
FR2793014B1 (en) 2001-07-27
JP2002543368A (en) 2002-12-17
DE60038534D1 (en) 2008-05-21
ES2306660T3 (en) 2008-11-16
WO2000066964A1 (en) 2000-11-09
FR2793014A1 (en) 2000-11-03
DE60038534T2 (en) 2009-06-10
EP1131594B1 (en) 2008-04-09

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