EP1126479B1 - Hochspannungswiderstand, speziell zur Strombegrenzung in Wanderwellen-HF-Sende-Röhren - Google Patents

Hochspannungswiderstand, speziell zur Strombegrenzung in Wanderwellen-HF-Sende-Röhren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1126479B1
EP1126479B1 EP01400289A EP01400289A EP1126479B1 EP 1126479 B1 EP1126479 B1 EP 1126479B1 EP 01400289 A EP01400289 A EP 01400289A EP 01400289 A EP01400289 A EP 01400289A EP 1126479 B1 EP1126479 B1 EP 1126479B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
flat conductor
support
resistor according
resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01400289A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1126479A1 (de
Inventor
Guy Thomson-CSF Propriété Intell. Colinart
François Thomson-CSF Propriété Intell. Pacreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1126479A1 publication Critical patent/EP1126479A1/de
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Publication of EP1126479B1 publication Critical patent/EP1126479B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/22—Elongated resistive element being bent or curved, e.g. sinusoidal, helical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J2225/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high voltage resistor. It applies in particular for current limiting resistors in microwave transmitters with a traveling wave, used for example in airborne radars.
  • a microwave transmission chain of a radar generally comprises a low-power microwave source and means for amplifying the wave produced by this source.
  • These amplification means may consist of a microwave wave tube.
  • the signal is amplified by applying a high voltage between the electrodes of the tube, this voltage is for example of the order of a few tens of kilovolts. With such levels of voltage involved, we can not prevent the occurrence of arcing. It is therefore necessary to provide current limiting resistors, in particular to protect the microwave tube.
  • the value of these resistors depends in particular on the value of high voltage applied to the tube and the maximum current that it can withstand. This maximum current is generally given by the manufacturer of the tube and can reach values of the order of 300 to 1200 amps for example.
  • Such a limiting resistor must be able to withstand, in addition to a high voltage, a significant continuous power, for example of the order of a hundred watts. It must be non-inductive, in particular to avoid spurious overvoltages. Preferably, it must also be relatively precise, for example to within 5% to 10%, and not drift depending on the ambient conditions or in time, in particular to control the value of the maximum current flowing through it and on which depends the protection of the tube.
  • Limiting resistors especially for tube emitters, are known. They are for example cylindrical geometry conductive ceramic in the mass. These resistors, however, have certain disadvantages.
  • a first drawback lies in the fact that their values nominal are random. Moreover, they drift over time and according to climatic conditions.
  • Another disadvantage consists in the fact that these resistors do not have reliable sources of supply. As a corollary to this supply risk, the cost of these resistances is high.
  • the quality and reliability of these resistors are essential conditions for the proper operation and industrialization of airborne radar transmitters also subject to severe constraints of space but also cost.
  • An additional disadvantage is that their connections are unsatisfactory at high voltages.
  • US 5,548,268 discloses a flat conductor resistance in the form of a coil.
  • An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the invention is a high-voltage resistor as described by claim 1.
  • the support being a flexible organic substrate
  • the resistance can be folded back on itself.
  • the organic substrate is fixed on a ceramic support to allow in particular a good heat dissipation.
  • the resistor can be fixed on the bottom of a housing and covered for example with a protective resin.
  • the invention also relates to an emitter as described by claim 10 equipped with a limiting resistor as defined above. Rice.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, by a simplified top view, an example of high voltage resistors used as limiting resistors in a traveling wave tube transmitter, produced according to the prior art.
  • This resistor 1 is for example wired on the cathode of the gate of the tube of the transmitter.
  • the total limiting resistor is for example obtained by the use of two resistors 1 in series or in parallel, in particular because of power constraints.
  • a resistor 1 is ceramic conductive and has a cylindrical tubular shape.
  • This resistance 1 has the particular disadvantage of having a random nominal value and also of drifting. The drift can for example reach of the order of 20%.
  • Another disadvantage inherent in this resistance is its lack of industrial reliability, which entails a significant cost.
  • the sources of supply for this type of components are indeed rare and unreliable due in particular to their specificity.
  • the importance of limiting resistors is crucial for the proper functioning of a tube emitter.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary possible embodiment of a resistor according to the invention capable of replacing the previous resistance in a tube emitter.
  • This resistance is flat metal of the printed circuit type. It therefore comprises at least one dielectric support 21, for example organic material, and a flat conductor 22, the two terminals of the resistor being electrically connected to the ends of the conductor 22.
  • the support is for example an organic substrate 21 of epoxy nature or polyimide.
  • the flat conductor 22 is bonded to the substrate 21 and then etched for example by chemical machining with iron perchloride according to the conventional printed circuit technology.
  • the thickness e is particularly low since the conductor 22 is obtained by chemical etching.
  • the flat conductor for example the form of a coil.
  • the latter comprises for example sections of rectilinear conductors in parallel, with the smallest possible space between two sections 23, 24 neighbors. This minimum space is defined by the resistance to electrical breakdown between the two sections 23, 24.
  • the ends of the coil end for example by two reception areas to allow the wiring of the two-wire resistance connection.
  • this resistance to flash is in particular that the metal conductor 22 does not reach temperatures that deteriorate the organic substrate 21.
  • the temperature of the driver 22 does not does not exceed a given temperature, for example of the order of 300 ° C.
  • the mass of the flat conductor must be sufficiently large.
  • the thickness of the latter is for example fixed, then plays on the width l and the length L of the flat conductor to obtain the minimum mass which guarantees the maximum temperature during a flash.
  • the resistance R being itself imposed, it is necessary to play on these two parameters l, L, for a given thickness e, so that the ratio between the latter two defining the resistance R according to the relation (1) above remains constant.
  • the flat conductor 22 must have a resistivity p sufficient to obtain the resistance value R without requiring too much length while not having a parasitic self-induction effect.
  • a conductive material that meets these requirements comprises a nickel alloy.
  • a material that can be used is known as NC15Fe according to the AFNOR standard.
  • the length L T and the width l d of a resistor according to the invention are, for example, respectively the order of 75mm and 45mm, with a space e 1 between two neighboring sections of 0.3mm.
  • the organic substrate 21 is for example arranged on a ceramic support, the latter can also have the function of mechanical support, knowing that the small thickness of the organic substrate gives it some flexibility. Furthermore, to electrically insulate the flat conductor 22, the latter is for example covered with an insulating layer which may be of the same nature as the substrate 21.
  • the thickness of the resistance may be less than two millimeters, possibly depending on the thickness of the ceramic support, this thickness may be greater, but still of the order of a few millimeters.
  • Figures 4 and 5 illustrate another embodiment of a resistance according to the invention.
  • This embodiment also makes it possible to advantageously reduce the size occupied by the resistor.
  • the previous embodiment shows a resistance of small thickness and relatively low surface area for a high voltage resistor, for example able to hold 35 kV for a continuous power of the order of a hundred watts, this surface may still be too large for some applications. This can be particularly the case if the flat conductor mass, therefore its length and its surface, must be increased in order to further reduce the temperature of heating.
  • Figure 4 shows that the area occupied by the resistor as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 can be halved by folding the resistor on itself as shown in Figure 4, due to the flexibility of the components.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a resistor according to the invention with housing.
  • the resistor therefore comprises a housing 61 in which is for example fixed an assembly as illustrated by FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the housing contains a resistive assembly bent around a support
  • the housing 61 is, for example, in the form of a flat-bottomed ramekin. It is ceramic, for example alumina, the shape of the housing being obtained by machining the ceramic before sintering.
  • the housing comprises for example fixing holes 62 in order to fix it in particular on a mechanical support, for example a radiator of a tube transmitter.
  • connection wires 63, 64 are brazed to the reception areas 25, 26 to allow the flat conductor to be electrically connected with the outside.
  • the connection son are for example fixed on the flat conductor 22 by a tin-silver solder (SnAg).
  • SnAg tin-silver solder
  • the resistance fixed at the bottom of the case and the connection cables are covered with a protective resin 65 which in particular avoids the use of a cover.
  • the protective resin is hot cast into the housing and then cures.
  • a machined ceramic housing associated with a protective resin can be produced economically.
  • the exemplary embodiment of a resistor according to the invention presented with reference to FIG. 2 comprises an organic substrate on which the flat conductor is fixed.
  • Another embodiment of a resistor according to the invention may moreover apply in the case where the substrate or support is not organic, the support can be in this case for example ceramic.
  • the flat conductor is fixed on the support by means of an organic glue. It is then necessary to prevent the flat conductor from becoming too hot to deteriorate the organic adhesive.
  • a resistor according to the invention has many advantages. Its printed circuit type structure allows a very good reproducibility of the resistance values as well as a reliability of operation, especially with regard to the drifts. It also has the advantage of not depending on rare or random sources of supply. All its constituent elements are indeed easy to supply, because essentially conventional. This results in a reliable supply. It is low cost, in particular because its constituent elements are not in themselves expensive on the one hand, and that the assembly of these elements by the conventional technique of the printed circuit and that the machining of the ceramic are inexpensive techniques to implement on the other hand. Finally, a resistor according to the invention supports very high voltages, of the order of a few tens of kilovolts while occupying a very small volume. It is therefore very well suited for a tube transmitter, intended in particular for an airborne radar subject to very constraining congestion problems.
  • the invention therefore allows a microwave tube transmitter equipped with a limiting resistor as described above with respect to FIGS. 2 to 6 to improve operational and supply reliability and to save space.
  • the limiting resistor is then for example wired on the cathode of the gate of the transmitter.
  • two or more resistors can be wired in parallel or in series.
  • a resistor according to the invention can also be wired to the collector of the tube.
  • a resistor according to the invention has been described for use as a limiting resistor in a microwave power transmitter. However, it can be used for other applications that require, for example, similar performances, both from the point of view of the voltage withstand and the size or cost.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Hochspannungswiderstand, der mindestens einen Träger (21) und einen Flachleiter (22) aufweist, der die Form einer Rohrschlange mit einer Länge L, einer Breite ℓ und einer Stärke e hat, auf dem Träger befestigt ist und einen gegebenen spezifischen Widerstand ρ besitzt, wobei der Widerstandswert R gleich ρL/ℓe ist, wobei die Werte der Länge L, der Breite ℓ und der Stärke e außerdem so definiert sind, dass der Flachleiter (22) eine ausreichende Masse aufweist, um elektrische Blitze ohne Überschreitung einer gegebenen Temperatur auszuhalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger (21) ein organisches Substrat ist und das organische Substrat auf beiden Seiten eines Keramikträgers (34) befestigt ist.
  2. Widerstand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leiter (22) mit Hilfe eines organischen Klebstoffs am Träger befestigt ist.
  3. Widerstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flachleiter (22) geradlinige parallele Abschnitte (23, 24) aufweist.
  4. Widerstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flachleiter (22) eine Nickellegierung aufweist.
  5. Widerstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flachleiter (22) mit einer Isolierschicht (32) bedeckt ist.
  6. Widerstand nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierschicht ein organisches Substrat ist.
  7. Widerstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Verbindungsdrähte aufweist, deren Enden auf Aufnahmebereiche (25, 26) des Flachleiters (22) gelötet sind.
  8. Widerstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er am Boden eines Keramikgehäuses (61) befestigt ist.
  9. Widerstand nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand durch ein in das Gehäuse gegossenes Harz geschützt wird.
  10. Sender mit Höchstfrequenzröhre, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mit einem oder mehreren Begrenzungswiderständen versehen ist, die je aus einem Hochspannungswiderstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche bestehen.
  11. Sender nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Widerstände mit der Kathode des Gates der Röhre verkabelt sind.
  12. Sender nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Widerstände mit dem Kollektor der Röhre verkabelt sind.
EP01400289A 2000-02-08 2001-02-06 Hochspannungswiderstand, speziell zur Strombegrenzung in Wanderwellen-HF-Sende-Röhren Expired - Lifetime EP1126479B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0001541 2000-02-08
FR0001541A FR2804788B1 (fr) 2000-02-08 2000-02-08 Resistance haute tension, notamment de limitation de courant dans un emetteur a tube hyperfrequence a onde progressive

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1126479A1 EP1126479A1 (de) 2001-08-22
EP1126479B1 true EP1126479B1 (de) 2006-09-27

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ID=8846757

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01400289A Expired - Lifetime EP1126479B1 (de) 2000-02-08 2001-02-06 Hochspannungswiderstand, speziell zur Strombegrenzung in Wanderwellen-HF-Sende-Röhren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20010020890A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1126479B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE341087T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2334423A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60123303D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2804788B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3654580A (en) * 1969-03-14 1972-04-04 Sanders Associates Inc Resistor structure
US3824521A (en) * 1973-09-24 1974-07-16 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Resistor
GB2032460A (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-05-08 Yates Industries Surface Treated Electrically Resistive Metal Foil for Production of Printed Electrical Resistors
DE3930200A1 (de) * 1989-09-09 1991-03-14 Ptr Praezisionstech Gmbh Elektronenstrahlerzeuger, insbesondere fuer eine elektronenstrahlkanone
US5521576A (en) * 1993-10-06 1996-05-28 Collins; Franklyn M. Fine-line thick film resistors and resistor networks and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2804788B1 (fr) 2002-09-20
CA2334423A1 (fr) 2001-08-08
FR2804788A1 (fr) 2001-08-10
US20010020890A1 (en) 2001-09-13
DE60123303D1 (de) 2006-11-09
ATE341087T1 (de) 2006-10-15
EP1126479A1 (de) 2001-08-22

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