EP1121213A1 - Tool for applying punched rivets - Google Patents

Tool for applying punched rivets

Info

Publication number
EP1121213A1
EP1121213A1 EP99959212A EP99959212A EP1121213A1 EP 1121213 A1 EP1121213 A1 EP 1121213A1 EP 99959212 A EP99959212 A EP 99959212A EP 99959212 A EP99959212 A EP 99959212A EP 1121213 A1 EP1121213 A1 EP 1121213A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
rivet
face
elevation
punch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99959212A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1121213B1 (en
Inventor
Georg Donhauser
Reinhard Mauermann
Gunter Quaisser
Wolfgang Voelkner
Michael Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Talbot & Co KG GmbH
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Kerb Konus Vertriebs GmbH
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Kerb Konus Vertriebs GmbH
Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Dresden, Kerb Konus Vertriebs GmbH, Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Technische Universitaet Dresden
Publication of EP1121213A1 publication Critical patent/EP1121213A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1121213B1 publication Critical patent/EP1121213B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49833—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part
    • Y10T29/49835—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping
    • Y10T29/49837—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping of first part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/53717—Annular work
    • Y10T29/53726—Annular work with second workpiece inside annular work one workpiece moved to shape the other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/5377—Riveter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool for setting punch rivets, in particular full rivets or semi-hollow rivets, with a hold-down device for pretensioning the joint parts, in particular sheet metal, a rivet punch guided axially movably in a cylinder of the hold-down device, and a die opposite the hold-down device an elevation on a section of its end face facing the rivet die
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop the known tools in such a way that the defects described above occur do not adjust the finished riveted joint.
  • the training of the known tools should be simple, uncomplicated and inexpensive.
  • Another advantage of the further development according to the invention is that the particularly high rigidity of the joint arrangement required according to the prior art is no longer required to the same extent.
  • the improved riveting tools can cause the parts to be connected to flow and join continuously a particularly high rigidity of the joining devices can largely be dispensed with, which makes the tools more universally applicable
  • the force under which the portions of the end face surrounding the elevation of the end face are axially displaceable relative to the elevation is generated as a function of the depth of penetration of the punch rivet into the sheets to be joined by the force of a prestressed spring.
  • This is a passive control of the axial movement of the surface sections of the die.
  • Such a control is preferably used when a simple and steadily increasing force-displacement characteristic yields a good result for the joining process.
  • Simple controls can be implemented with mechanical elements such as disc, screw or plastic ends. The position and shape of the characteristic curve are specified within the tool by the rigidity and the preload of the springs.
  • the tool according to the invention is designed in such a way that, for setting a solid rivet, the portions of this end face concentrically surrounding the annular elevation of the end face of the die are axially displaceable relative to the annular elevation the end face of the die is arranged.
  • this end face is designed in such a way that that portion of the end face which has the hump-shaped elevation can be axially displaced relative to the outer portions of the end face of the die which concentrically surround it
  • variable force-displacement characteristics can be set from the outside, i.e. program freely.
  • the electro-hydraulic servo valves known per se are used to set the characteristic curve.
  • the strength of the riveted joint, in particular the dynamic strength, can be significantly improved with a variable characteristic curve and, in some applications, can only be achieved in this way
  • the cutting process can be positively influenced with regard to a clean cut surface in the punching hole and with regard to the pretension state after the riveting.
  • These important parameters depend on the increasing wear of the cutting edge of the die. The wear of this cutting edge is compensated for by increasing the axial height of the annular elevation of the cutting edge of the die with increasing wear.
  • This setting can be made continuously and externally. In the simplest case, the volume of the hydraulic pressure medium is reduced if the outer die part is designed as a piston
  • the movement sequence is set so that a large counterforce is given at the beginning of the riveting process. This promotes the pressing on of the half-rivet at the beginning of the riveting process A continuously removable counterforce is generated over the course of the process in order to obtain a particularly good undercut in this way
  • Fig. 4 shows the design of a die for setting a semi-tubular rivet.
  • the left half of FIG. 1 represents the setting of a full rivet 1 using conventional tools.
  • the sheets 2 and 3 are to be connected to one another using the full rivet 1.
  • the sheets 2 and 3 are prestressed under the pressure of a hold-down device 20 on the end face 21 of a die 4.
  • the end face 21 has an annular elevation 5, the inside diameter 22 of which is so large that the shank 23 of the full rivet 1 while maintaining a predetermined cutting clearance
  • the hold-down device 20 has a cylinder 24 in which the rivet die 25 is movably guided in the axial direction 26. Under the force of the rivet punch 25, the solid metal 1 is punched through the sheets 2 and 3, which deform in the manner shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1.
  • a deformation 6 occurs locally on the die-side sheet 3 outside the annular elevation 5 on.
  • This deformation 6 is undesirable since the material of the die-side sheet 3 that flows prematurely into the deformation is missing later, that is to say when the rental is complete, the annular groove 7 in the shaft 23 of the full rivet 1 is completely to be filled
  • the end face 21 of the die 27 is divided into sections 5 and 29.
  • the ring-shaped elevation 5 in FIG. 2 forms the end of a hollow punch 11 which is firmly connected to the die housing 28.
  • a stamp member 9 is movably mounted in the axial direction 26. The stamp member 9 surrounds the hollow stamp 11 concentrically.
  • the end face 29 of the stamp member 9 and the annular elevation 5 of the hollow stamp 11 together form the closed end face 21 of the die 27
  • the stamp member 9 is located at an upper stop 10 of the die 27.
  • the stamp member 9 strikes a lower stop 12.
  • an offset 8 occurs at the radially outer edge of the annular elevation 5, around which the end face 29 of the stamp member 9 springs back relative to the annular elevation 5 of the hollow stamp 11.
  • the offset 8 only occurs after the force of the rivet punch 25 has reached a certain size.
  • the annular space 30, below the punch member 9, is connected to a pressure medium source 31 known per se, which also has an adjustable pressure relief valve 32.
  • a strong spring assembly indicated by broken lines, can also be used 33 may be provided, which is arranged in the annular space 30.
  • the springs 33 are preloaded.
  • the section 29 of the end face 21 of the die 27 is held in one plane with the end face of the annular elevation 5 until the solid metal 1 has penetrated sufficiently far into the sheets 2 and 3 to be riveted.
  • the closed end face 21 is prevented at the start of the riveting process that the deformation 6 can form on the lower plate 3.
  • the retraction of the surface section 29 in the further course of the riveting process then has the effect that the annular groove 7 of the full rivet 1 is sufficiently filled, as is shown on the right half of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows the riveting of two sheets 2 and 3 with the aid of a semi-tubular rivet 1 in a conventional manner.
  • the cutting phase is shown on the left half and the embossing phase on the right half.
  • the die 27 has a hump-shaped elevation 34 in its center hump-shaped elevation 34 protrudes from a depression 35, which has the closed end face 36 of the die 27 for the semi-hollow rivet 14, depending on the hardness of the sheets 2 and 3 to be riveted compared to the hardness of the semi-hollow rivet 14, it can happen that the lower cutting edge 37 of the semi-hollow rivet 14 is not expanded sufficiently before the stamping phase, but is deformed to form an undesirable thickening 19. The occurrence of such a thickening 19 is considered to be faulty since it prevents the two sheets 2 and 3 from being joined sufficiently firmly
  • the die 27 is also divided in this case and has a fixed outer part 18, which represents a cylinder.
  • a piston 13 is movably mounted in the axial direction 26 within the outer part 18. This piston 13 can move within the outer part 18 between a lower stop 16 and an upper stop 15.
  • the end face of the piston 13 has the hump-shaped elevation 34 already described in the center of the die 27.
  • the end face of the piston 13 also forms a section of the recess 35, which serves to spread the cutting edge 37 of the semi-hollow rivet 14.
  • the piston 13 If it is not under the pretension of a spring assembly 33, the piston 13 is acted upon on its underside by a pressure medium that comes from the pressure medium source 31, which in turn also has an adjustable pressure relief valve 32.
  • An annular groove 38 ensures the inflow of the pressure medium on the underside of the Piston 13 and a vent hole 39 ensure that the piston 13 can also be moved freely up to the upper stop 15.
  • the die 27 shown in FIG. 2 also has such a vent hole 39

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for applying punched rivets, especially full rivets or semi-tubular rivets (14), comprising a blank holder for pretensioning assembly pieces, especially metal sheets (2,3); a rivet punch (25) that can move in an axial direction (26) in a cylinder (24) pertaining to the blank holder (24), whereby pressure can be exerted on the punch; and a die (26) that is arranged opposite the blank holder (20) and provided with an elevation (34) on a section of the front surface (36) facing the rivet punch (20). Outside the elevation (34), the front surface (36) of the die is radially divided and the outer sections (35) of the front surface (36) can be moved towards each other according to the penetration depth of the rivet (14) in the assembly pieces (2,3) or the force that the rivet punch (25) exerts on the rivet (26).

Description

Werkzeug zum Setzen von Stanznseten Tool for setting punch sets
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Werkzeug zum Setzen von Stanznieten, insbesondere von Vollnieten oder Halbhohlnieten, mit einem Niederhalter zum Vorspannen der Fugeteile, insbesondere von Blechen, einem in einem Zylinder des Niederhalters axial beweglich geführten und mit einer Kraft beaufschlagbaren Nietstempel sowie einer dem Niederhalter gegenüberliegenden Matrize mit einer Erhebung auf einem Abschnitt ihrer dem Nietstempel zugewandten StirnflacheThe invention relates to a tool for setting punch rivets, in particular full rivets or semi-hollow rivets, with a hold-down device for pretensioning the joint parts, in particular sheet metal, a rivet punch guided axially movably in a cylinder of the hold-down device, and a die opposite the hold-down device an elevation on a section of its end face facing the rivet die
Das Setzen von Stanznieten ist beispielsweise in der Schrift „Nietsysteme, Verbindungen mit Zukunft" (vgl U. Klemens und O. Hahn: Nietsysteme, Verbindungen mit Zukunft, Herausgebergemeinschaft: Interessensgemeinschaft Umformtechnisches Fugen und Laboratorium für Werkstoff- und Fügetechnik der Universität-GM Paderborn. -Sonderausgabe-Holzminden: Hinnchsen, 1994, Seiten 18 bis 20) ausführlich beschrieben. Beim Stanznieten mit Vollniet ist eine vollständige Füllung der Ringnut des Nietes durch das matπzenseitige Blech eine wesentliche Bedingung für hohe übertragbare Kräfte. Mit den bekannten Werkzeugen gelingt diese Füllung der Ringnut des Nietes allerdings nicht immer vollständig Das liegt daran, dass beim Setzen eines Vollniets in dem matπzenseitigen Blech bereits zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs örtlich unerwünschte Verformungen auftreten können. Die Verformungen treten am äußeren Rand der kreisringformigen Erhebung der Stirnfläche der Matrize auf Im weiteren Verlauf des Prägevorgangs des Nietprozesses fehlt dann das verdrängte und in die Verformungen hinein geflossene Material zur Füllung der Ringnut des Vollniets Die Folge ist, dass die so hergestellte Nietverbindung nicht jene Festigkeit erreicht, die sie eigentlich haben sollteThe setting of punch rivets is, for example, in the document "Rivet Systems, Connections with a Future" (cf. U. Klemens and O. Hahn: Rivet Systems, Connections with a Future, Editor's Group: Interest Grouping on Forming Technology Jointing and Laboratory for Material and Joining Technology at the University of Paderborn. -Special edition-Holzminden: Hinnchsen, 1994, pages 18 to 20.) When punch riveting with a full rivet, a complete filling of the ring groove of the rivet with the sheet on the mat side is an essential condition for high transferable forces of the rivet, however, not always complete This is due to the fact that when a full rivet is placed in the sheet on the mat side, undesired deformations can occur at the beginning of the riveting process. The deformations occur on the outer edge of the annular elevation of the end face of the die The embossing process of the riveting process then lacks the material that has been displaced and has flowed into the deformations to fill the ring groove of the full rivet. The result is that the rivet connection produced in this way does not achieve the strength that it should actually have
Beim Stanznieten mit Halbhohlnieten ist das Erreichen einer großen Verspreizung des Nietschaftes eine wichtige Kenngröße, die wesentlichen Emfluss auf die durch die Verbindung übertragbaren Kräfte hat. Durch die Stauchung des Halbhohlniets wird ein spaltfreier Formschluss der Fugeteüe angestrebt. Die Praxis bei der Verwendung der bekannten Werkzeuge, und insbesondere beim Vernieten von gegenüber der Härte des Halbhohlniets verhältnismäßig harten Blechen, hat aber auch gezeigt, dass der Nietfuß nicht ausreichend gespreizt und sodann stark gestaucht wird Es wird kein richtiger Hinterschnitt erzielt, der an sich für die Festigkeit der Verbindung ausschlaggebend istIn the case of punch riveting with semi-hollow rivets, the achievement of a large expansion of the rivet shaft is an important parameter which has a significant influence on the forces which can be transmitted through the connection. The compression of the semi-tubular rivet aims at a gap-free form fit of the joint. Practice when using the known tools, and in particular when riveting sheet metal that is relatively hard compared to the hardness of the semi-hollow rivet, has also shown that the rivet foot is not sufficiently expanded and then severely compressed A correct undercut is not achieved, which is crucial for the strength of the connection
Aus diesen Mangeln bei der Verwendung bekannter Werkzeuge zum Setzen von Stanznieten, und insbesondere auch beim Vernieten von gegenüber der Härte der Stanznieten verhältnismäßig harten Blechen, ergibt sich die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die bekannten Werkzeuge so weiter zu bilden, dass sich die vorbeschriebenen Defekte bei der fertigen Nietverbindung nicht einstellen. Zugleich soll die Weiterbildung der bekannten Werkzeuge einfach, unkompliziert und preiswert sein.From these shortcomings when using known tools for setting punch rivets, and in particular also when riveting sheet metal that is relatively hard compared to the hardness of the punch rivets, the object of the present invention is to further develop the known tools in such a way that the defects described above occur do not adjust the finished riveted joint. At the same time, the training of the known tools should be simple, uncomplicated and inexpensive.
Zur Losung der Aufgabe ist vorgesehen, die Stirnfläche der Matrize außerhalb der Erhebung in Abschnitte zu teilen und die einzelnen Abschnitte der Stirnflache in Abhängigkeit von der Eindringtiefe des jeweiligen Stanzniets in die Fügeteile oder von der Kraft, die der Nietstempel auf den Stanzniet ausübt, in axialer Richtung gegeneinander verschiebbar zu machen. Bei der Verwendung eines Vollniets wird auf diese Weise beispielsweise das Entstehen einer unerwünschten örtlichen Verformung in dem matrizenseitigen Blech zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs wirksam verhindert. In dieser Phase liegen die außerhalb der ringförmigen Erhebung der Matrize befindlichen Abschnitte ihrer Stirnfläche fest an dem matrizenseitigen Blech an und verhindern das Entstehen einer Deformation Beim weiteren Fortschreiten des Nietvorgangs weichen diese Flächenabschnitte sodann gegenüber der ringförmigen Erhebung in axialer Richtung zurück Die ringförmige Erhebung behalt ihre ursprungliche Stellung bei Somit bleibt das ansonsten durch eine unerwünschte Verformung „verloren gegangene" Material des matrizenseitigen Blechs erhalten und kann, wie vorgesehen, in die Ringnut des Vollniets hinein fließen und diese vollständig ausfüllenTo solve the problem, it is provided to divide the end face of the die outside of the elevation into sections and the individual sections of the end face depending on the depth of penetration of the respective punch rivet into the joining parts or on the force exerted by the rivet punch on the punch rivet in the axial direction To make it shiftable towards each other. When using a full rivet, for example, the occurrence of an undesirable local deformation in the die-side sheet is effectively prevented at the beginning of the riveting process. In this phase, the sections of its end face located outside the ring-shaped elevation of the die lie firmly against the sheet metal on the die side and prevent the formation of deformation. As the riveting process progresses, these surface sections then move back in the axial direction compared to the ring-shaped elevation. The ring-shaped elevation retains its original Position at Thus, the material of the sheet metal on the die side that is otherwise “lost” due to an undesired deformation is retained and, as provided, can flow into the ring groove of the full rivet and fill it completely
Anders ist es beim Verarbeiten von Halbhohlnieten Hier springt die buckelformige Erhebung im Zentrum der Stirnflache der Matrize zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs gegenüber den umgebenden Flachenabschnitten hervor Dadurch wird bewirkt, dass die unterhalb der Ausnehmung des Halbhohlniets befindlichen Teile des zu fugenden Materials zunächst einmal veranlasst werden, sich sn die Ausnehmung des Halbhohlniets hineinzuwölben Mit dem Fortschreiten des Nietvorgangs weicht sodann die buckelformige zentrische Erhebung der Matrize in axialer Richtung zurück, sodass eine Nietverbindung entstehen kann, worin alle miteinander beteiligten Komponenten in der vorgegebenen Weise verbunden sind Insbesondere wird ein regelmäßig ausgebildeter Schließkopf erhalten, bei dem sowohl der Halbhohlniet ohne übermaßige Stauchung seiner Schneidrander ausreichend gespreizt ist und wo die miteinander vernieteten Bleche in gleichmäßiger Dicke in die Ausnehmung des Halbhohlniets hinein geflossen sindIt is different when processing semi-hollow rivets.However, the hump-shaped elevation in the center of the end face of the die protrudes from the surrounding flat sections at the beginning of the riveting process.This has the effect that the parts of the material to be joined below the recess of the semi-hollow rivet are initially caused to move sn the recess of the Bulging the semi-hollow rivet With the progress of the riveting process, the hump-shaped central elevation of the die then backs away in the axial direction, so that a riveted connection can be created, in which all the components involved are connected in the specified manner. In particular, a regularly designed closing head is obtained, in which both the semi-hollow rivet is sufficiently spread without excessive compression of its cutting edges and where the riveted metal sheets have flowed into the recess of the semi-hollow rivet in a uniform thickness
Ein weitere Vorteil der erfinduπgsgemäßen Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass die nach dem Stande der Technik erforderliche besonders hohe Steifigkeit der Fugeein- πchtung nicht mehr in dem gleichen Maße erforderlich ist Da die verbesserten Nietwerkzeuge ein kontinuierliches Fließen und Fugen der miteinander zu verbindenden Teile bewirken, kann auf eine besonders hohe Steifigkeit der Fügeeinrichtungen weitgehend verzichtet werden, was die Werkzeuge universeller einsetzbar machtAnother advantage of the further development according to the invention is that the particularly high rigidity of the joint arrangement required according to the prior art is no longer required to the same extent. The improved riveting tools can cause the parts to be connected to flow and join continuously a particularly high rigidity of the joining devices can largely be dispensed with, which makes the tools more universally applicable
Im einfachsten Fall wird die Kraft, unter welcher die die Erhebung der Stirnflache umgebenden Abschnitte der Stirnfläche gegenüber der Erhebung axial verschiebbar sind, in Abhängigkeit von der Eindringtiefe des Stanzniets in die zu fugenden Bleche durch die Kraft einer vorgespannten Feder erzeugt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine passive Steuerung der axialen Bewegung der Flächenabschnitte der Matrize Eine solche Steuerung wird bevorzugt angewandt, wenn eine einfache und stetig steigende Kraft-Weg-Kennhnie für den Fugeprozess ein gutes Ergebnis erbringt. Dabei kann mit mechanischen Elementen, wie z B. Teller-, Schrauben- oder Kunststoffe- dern eine einfache Steuerung realisiert werden. Lage und Form der Kennlinie werden hierbei innerhalb des Werkzeuges durch die Steifigkeit und die Vorspannung der Federn vorgegeben.In the simplest case, the force under which the portions of the end face surrounding the elevation of the end face are axially displaceable relative to the elevation is generated as a function of the depth of penetration of the punch rivet into the sheets to be joined by the force of a prestressed spring. This is a passive control of the axial movement of the surface sections of the die. Such a control is preferably used when a simple and steadily increasing force-displacement characteristic yields a good result for the joining process. Simple controls can be implemented with mechanical elements such as disc, screw or plastic ends. The position and shape of the characteristic curve are specified within the tool by the rigidity and the preload of the springs.
Weitaus effizienter allerdings ist es, wenn diese Kraft in Abhängigkeit vom Druck des Nietstempels eingestellt wird Dabei kann die axiale Verschiebung der Stirnfläche zugleich auch in Abhängigkeit von der Harte der zu vernietenden Werkstoffe eingestellt werden Im einfachsten Fall wird als Druckmittelquelle ein an sich be- kanntes Hydraulikaggregat verwendet, welches ein einstellbares Überdruckventil aufweistIt is much more efficient, however, if this force is set as a function of the pressure of the riveting die. The axial displacement of the end face can also be set as a function of the hardness of the materials to be riveted. In the simplest case, a pressure medium source that is in itself Known hydraulic unit used, which has an adjustable pressure relief valve
Im Einzelnen ist das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug so ausgestaltet, dass zum Setzen eines Vollniets die die ringförmige Erhebung der Stirnfläche der Matrize konzentrisch umgebenden Abschnitte dieser Stirnfläche gegenüber der ringförmigen Erhebung axial verschiebbar ausgestaltet sind Im anderen Fall, beim Setzen eines Halbhohlniets, wo eine buckelformige Erhebung im Zentrum der Stirnfläche der Matrize angeordnet ist. ist diese Stirnfläche so ausgestaltet, dass jener, die buckelformige Erhebung aufweisende Flachenabschnitt der Stirnflache gegenüber den ihn konzentrisch umgebenden äußeren Abschnitten der Stirnflache der Matrize axial verschiebbar istIn detail, the tool according to the invention is designed in such a way that, for setting a solid rivet, the portions of this end face concentrically surrounding the annular elevation of the end face of the die are axially displaceable relative to the annular elevation the end face of the die is arranged. this end face is designed in such a way that that portion of the end face which has the hump-shaped elevation can be axially displaced relative to the outer portions of the end face of the die which concentrically surround it
Mit Hilfe eines Hydraul ikaggregats kann man variable Kraft-Weg-Kennlinien von außen einstellen, d.h. frei programmieren. Bei programmierbaren Steuerungen bedient man sich zum Einstellen der Kennlinie der an sich bekannten elektro-hydraulischen Servoventile Die Festigkeit der Nietverbindung, insbesondere die dynamische Festigkeit kann mit einer variablen Kennlinie wesentlich verbessert und bei einigen Aπwendungsf allen auch nur auf diese Weise erreicht werdenWith the help of a hydraulic unit, variable force-displacement characteristics can be set from the outside, i.e. program freely. In the case of programmable controls, the electro-hydraulic servo valves known per se are used to set the characteristic curve. The strength of the riveted joint, in particular the dynamic strength, can be significantly improved with a variable characteristic curve and, in some applications, can only be achieved in this way
Beim Setzen von Vollnieten kann der Schneidprozess im Hinblick auf eine saubere Schnittfläche im Stanzloch und im Hinblick auf den Vorspannungszustand nach dem Nieten positiv beemflusst werden Diese wichtigen Parameter sind abhangig vom zunehmenden Verschleiß der Schneidkante der Matrize. Der Verschleiß dieser Schneidkante wird dadurch kompensiert, indem man die axiale Höhe der ringförmigen Erhebung der Schneidkante der Matrize mit fortschreitendem Verschleiß vergrößert. Diese Einstellung kann laufend und von außen vorgenommen werden. Im einfachsten Fall verringert man das Volumen des hydraulischen Druckmittels, wenn der äußere Matrizenteil als Kolben ausgebildet istWhen setting full rivets, the cutting process can be positively influenced with regard to a clean cut surface in the punching hole and with regard to the pretension state after the riveting. These important parameters depend on the increasing wear of the cutting edge of the die. The wear of this cutting edge is compensated for by increasing the axial height of the annular elevation of the cutting edge of the die with increasing wear. This setting can be made continuously and externally. In the simplest case, the volume of the hydraulic pressure medium is reduced if the outer die part is designed as a piston
Beim Setzen von Halbhohlnieten wird der Bewegungsablauf so eingestellt, dass zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs eine große Gegenkraft vorgegeben wird Damit wird das Aufspreszen des Halbhohlniets am Anfang des Nietvorgangs gefördert Im weiteren Verlauf wird eine stetig abnehmbare Gegenkraft erzeugt, um auf diese Weise eine besonders gute Hinterschneidung zu erhaltenWhen setting half-rivets, the movement sequence is set so that a large counterforce is given at the beginning of the riveting process. This promotes the pressing on of the half-rivet at the beginning of the riveting process A continuously removable counterforce is generated over the course of the process in order to obtain a particularly good undercut in this way
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an zwei Ausfuhrungsbeispielen naher beschrieben Es zeigen jeweils nicht in maßstäblicher und teilweise stark vereinfachter Schnittdarstellung dieThe invention is described in more detail below with the aid of two exemplary embodiments. In each case, the sectional illustration, which is not to scale and in some cases greatly simplified, shows
Fig 1 die Wirkungsweise des Werkzeugs beim Setzen eines Vollniets,1 the mode of operation of the tool when setting a full rivet,
Fig.2 die Ausgestaltung einer Matrize,2 shows the design of a die,
Fig.3 die Wirkungsweise eines bekannten Werkzeugs beim Setzen eines Halbhohlniets und3 shows the operation of a known tool when setting a semi-tubular rivet and
Fig 4 die Ausgestaltung einer Matrize zum Setzen eines Halbhohlniets.Fig. 4 shows the design of a die for setting a semi-tubular rivet.
Die linke Hälfte der Fig.1 steht das Setzen eines Vollniets 1 mit herkömmlichen Werkzeugen dar. Die Bleche 2 und 3 sollen mit Hilfe des Vollniets 1 miteinander verbunden werden. Dazu werden die Bleche 2 und 3 unter dem Druck eines Niederhalters 20 auf der Stirnflache 21 einer Matrize 4 vorgespannt Die Stirnfläche 21 weist eine ringförmige Erhebung 5 auf, deren Innendurchmesser 22 so groß ist, dass der Schaft 23 des Vollniets 1 unter Einhaltung eines vorgegebenen Schnittspiels hineinpasst Der Niederhalter 20 hat einen Zylinder 24, in welchem der Nietstempel 25 in axialer Richtung 26 beweglich geführt ist. Unter der Kraft des Nietstempels 25 wird der Vollmet 1 durch die Bleche 2 und 3 hindurchgestanzt, die sich dabei in der auf der linken Seite der Figur 1 gezeigten Weise verformen Hierbei tritt zu Beginn am matrizenseitigen Blech 3 außerhalb der ringförmigen Erhebung 5 örtlich eine Deformation 6 auf. Diese Deformation 6 ist unerwünscht da das vorzeitig in die Deformation hinein fließende Material des matrizenseitigen Bleches 3 spater, d h bei vollendeter Prägung der Mietung fehlt um die Ringnut 7 im Schaft 23 des Vollniets 1 vollständig auszufüllen Zur Vermeidung des vorstehend geschilderten Fehlers ist die Stirnfläche 21 der Matrize 27 in Abschnitte 5 und 29 unterteilt. Die ringförmige Erhebung 5 der Figur 2 bildet den stirnseitigen Abschluss eines Hohlstempels 11 welcher mit dem Matri- zengehause 28 fest verbunden ist. In dem Matrizengehause 28, welches nach Art eines Zylinders ausgebildet ist, ist ein Stempelorgan 9 in axialer Richtung 26 beweglich gelagert Das Stempelorgan 9 umgibt den Hohlstempei 11 konzentrisch Die Stirnfläche 29 des Stempelorgans 9 und die ringförmige Erhebung 5 des Hohlstempels 11 bilden zusammen die geschlossene Stirnflache 21 der Matrize 27 Bei geschlossener Stirnflache 21 befindet sich das Stempelorgan 9 an einem oberen Anschlag 10 der Matrize 27 Bei Verschiebung in axialer Richtung 26 des Stempelorgans 9 gegenüber dem Hohlstempel 11 trifft das Stempelorgan 9 auf einen unteren Anschlag 12 auf. Bei dieser axiaien Verschiebung des Stempelorgans 9 gegenüber dem Hohlstempel 11 tritt am radial äußeren Rand der ringförmigen Erhebung 5 ein Versatz 8 ein, um den die Stirnflache 29 des Stempelorgans 9 gegenüber der ringförmigen Erhebung 5 des Hohlstempels 11 zurückspringt Der Versatz 8 tritt aber erst ein, nachdem die Kraft des Nietstempels 25 eine bestimmte Größe erreicht hat Dazu ist der Ringraum 30, unterhalb des Stempelorgans 9 an eine an sich bekannte Druckmittelquelle 31 angeschlossen, welche auch ein einstellbares Überdruckventil 32 aufweist Anstelle der Druckmittelquelle 31 kann auch ein starkes mit unterbrochenen Strichen angedeutetes Federpaket 33 vorgesehen sein, das in dem Ringraum 30 angeordnet ist Die Federn 33 sind vorgespannt. Jedenfalls wird der Abschnitt 29 der Stirnfläche 21 der Matrize 27 so lange in einer Ebene mit der Stirnflache der ringförmigen Erhebung 5 gehalten, bis der Vollmet 1 weit genug in die zu vernietenden Bleche 2 und 3 eingedrungen ist Die geschlossene Stirnfläche 21 zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs verhindert, dass sich am unteren Blech 3 die Deformation 6 ausbilden kann. Das Zurückweichen des Flächenabschnitts 29 im weiteren Verlauf des Nietvorgangs bewirkt sodann, dass die Ringnut 7 des Vollniets 1 ausreichend gefüllt wird so wie das auf der rechten Hälfte der Figur 1 dargestellt ist.The left half of FIG. 1 represents the setting of a full rivet 1 using conventional tools. The sheets 2 and 3 are to be connected to one another using the full rivet 1. For this purpose, the sheets 2 and 3 are prestressed under the pressure of a hold-down device 20 on the end face 21 of a die 4. The end face 21 has an annular elevation 5, the inside diameter 22 of which is so large that the shank 23 of the full rivet 1 while maintaining a predetermined cutting clearance The hold-down device 20 has a cylinder 24 in which the rivet die 25 is movably guided in the axial direction 26. Under the force of the rivet punch 25, the solid metal 1 is punched through the sheets 2 and 3, which deform in the manner shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1. At the beginning, a deformation 6 occurs locally on the die-side sheet 3 outside the annular elevation 5 on. This deformation 6 is undesirable since the material of the die-side sheet 3 that flows prematurely into the deformation is missing later, that is to say when the rental is complete, the annular groove 7 in the shaft 23 of the full rivet 1 is completely to be filled To avoid the error described above, the end face 21 of the die 27 is divided into sections 5 and 29. The ring-shaped elevation 5 in FIG. 2 forms the end of a hollow punch 11 which is firmly connected to the die housing 28. In the die housing 28, which is designed in the manner of a cylinder, a stamp member 9 is movably mounted in the axial direction 26. The stamp member 9 surrounds the hollow stamp 11 concentrically. The end face 29 of the stamp member 9 and the annular elevation 5 of the hollow stamp 11 together form the closed end face 21 of the die 27 When the end face 21 is closed, the stamp member 9 is located at an upper stop 10 of the die 27. When displaced in the axial direction 26 of the stamp member 9 relative to the hollow punch 11, the stamp member 9 strikes a lower stop 12. During this axial displacement of the stamp member 9 relative to the hollow stamp 11, an offset 8 occurs at the radially outer edge of the annular elevation 5, around which the end face 29 of the stamp member 9 springs back relative to the annular elevation 5 of the hollow stamp 11. However, the offset 8 only occurs after the force of the rivet punch 25 has reached a certain size. For this purpose, the annular space 30, below the punch member 9, is connected to a pressure medium source 31 known per se, which also has an adjustable pressure relief valve 32. Instead of the pressure medium source 31, a strong spring assembly, indicated by broken lines, can also be used 33 may be provided, which is arranged in the annular space 30. The springs 33 are preloaded. In any case, the section 29 of the end face 21 of the die 27 is held in one plane with the end face of the annular elevation 5 until the solid metal 1 has penetrated sufficiently far into the sheets 2 and 3 to be riveted. The closed end face 21 is prevented at the start of the riveting process that the deformation 6 can form on the lower plate 3. The retraction of the surface section 29 in the further course of the riveting process then has the effect that the annular groove 7 of the full rivet 1 is sufficiently filled, as is shown on the right half of FIG. 1.
Die Figur 3 zeigt zunächst das Vernieten zweier Bleche 2 und 3 mit Hilfe eines Halbhohlniets 1 in herkömmlicher Weise Auf der iinken Hälfte der Figur 3 ist die Schneidphase und auf der rechten Hälfte die Prägephase dargestellt Die Matrize 27 hat in ihrem Zentrum eine buckelformige Erhebung 34 Die buckelformige Erhebung 34 ragt aus einer Einsenkung 35 hervor, welche die geschlossene Stirnfläche 36 der Matrize 27 für den Halbhohlniet 14 aufweist in Abhängigkeit von der Harte der zu vernietenden Bleche 2 und 3 gegenüber der Harte des Halbhohlniets 14 kann es vorkommen, dass der untere Schneidrand 37 des Halbhohlniets 14 vor der Prage- phase nicht ausreichend gespreizt sondern zu einer unerwünschten Verdickung 19 deformiert wird Das Auftreten einer derartigen Verdickung 19 gilt als fehlerhaft, da sie eine ausreichend feste Fügung der beiden Bleche 2 und 3 verhindert3 shows the riveting of two sheets 2 and 3 with the aid of a semi-tubular rivet 1 in a conventional manner. The cutting phase is shown on the left half and the embossing phase on the right half. The die 27 has a hump-shaped elevation 34 in its center hump-shaped elevation 34 protrudes from a depression 35, which has the closed end face 36 of the die 27 for the semi-hollow rivet 14, depending on the hardness of the sheets 2 and 3 to be riveted compared to the hardness of the semi-hollow rivet 14, it can happen that the lower cutting edge 37 of the semi-hollow rivet 14 is not expanded sufficiently before the stamping phase, but is deformed to form an undesirable thickening 19. The occurrence of such a thickening 19 is considered to be faulty since it prevents the two sheets 2 and 3 from being joined sufficiently firmly
Angestrebt wird ein sauberer Hinterschnitt 17 wie er auf der rechten Hälfte der Figur 4 dargestellt ist. Dazu ist auch in diesem Fall die Matrize 27 geteilt ausgebildet und weist einen feststehenden Außenteil 18 auf, der einen Zylinder darstellt Innerhalb des Außenteils 18 ist in axialer Richtung 26 ein Kolben 13 beweglich gelagert. Dieser Kolben 13 kann sich innerhalb des Außenteils 18 zwischen einem unteren Anschlag 16 und einem oberen Anschlag 15 bewegen. Die Stirnseite des Kolbens 13 weist die bereits beschriebene buckelformige Erhebung 34 im Zentrum der Matrize 27 auf. Die Stirnseite des Kolbens 13 bildet aber auch zugleich einen Abschnitt der Vertiefung 35, welche dazu dient den Schneidrand 37 des Halbhohlniets 14 zu spreizen. Sofern er nicht unter der Vorspannung eines Federpakets 33 steht, wird der Kolben 13 auf seiner Unterseite von einem Druckmittel beaufschlagt, das aus der Druckmittelquelle 31 stammt, welche auch wiederum ein einstellbares Überdruckventil 32 aufweist Eine Ringnut 38 gewährleistet den Zufluss des Druckmittels auf der Unterseite des Kolbens 13 und eine Entluftungsbohrung 39 sorgt dafür, dass der Kolben 13 auch ungehindert bis zum oberen Anschlag 15 bewegt werden kann Auch die in der Figur 2 dargestellte Matrize 27 weist eine solche Entlüftungsbohrung 39 aufThe aim is a clean undercut 17 as shown on the right half of FIG. 4. For this purpose, the die 27 is also divided in this case and has a fixed outer part 18, which represents a cylinder. A piston 13 is movably mounted in the axial direction 26 within the outer part 18. This piston 13 can move within the outer part 18 between a lower stop 16 and an upper stop 15. The end face of the piston 13 has the hump-shaped elevation 34 already described in the center of the die 27. The end face of the piston 13 also forms a section of the recess 35, which serves to spread the cutting edge 37 of the semi-hollow rivet 14. If it is not under the pretension of a spring assembly 33, the piston 13 is acted upon on its underside by a pressure medium that comes from the pressure medium source 31, which in turn also has an adjustable pressure relief valve 32. An annular groove 38 ensures the inflow of the pressure medium on the underside of the Piston 13 and a vent hole 39 ensure that the piston 13 can also be moved freely up to the upper stop 15. The die 27 shown in FIG. 2 also has such a vent hole 39
Unter der Wirkung des mit unterbrochenen Strichen angedeuteten Federpakets 33- wobei vorausgesetzt wird, dass die Federn 33 vorgespannt sind - oder des von der Druckmittelquelle 31 gelieferten Druckmittels ist der Kolben 13 zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs in axialer Richtung 26 ausgefahren, wodurch die ansonsten geschlossene Stirnfläche 36 der Matrize 27 einen Versatz 8 erhält Die am Kolben 13 wirksame Kraft bewirkt, dass zu Beginn des Nietvorgangs die beiden Bleche 2 und 3 in die Ausnehmung 40 des Halbhohlniets 14 hineingewölbt werden, wie man das auf der linken Seite der Fig. 4 sehen kann. Mit dem Fortschritt des Nietvorgangs weicht der Kolben 13 sodann in axialer Richtung 26 zurück und es entsteht ein idealer Schließkopf 41 , der auf der rechten Hälfte der Figur 4 dargestellt ist. Under the action of the spring assembly 33 indicated with broken lines - provided that the springs 33 are pre-tensioned - or the pressure medium supplied by the pressure medium source 31, the piston 13 is extended in the axial direction 26 at the beginning of the riveting process, as a result of which the otherwise closed end face 36 the die 27 receives an offset 8. The force acting on the piston 13 causes the two sheets 2 and 3 to be arched into the recess 40 of the semi-hollow rivet 14 at the beginning of the riveting process, as is the case on the left side of Fig. 4 can see. With the progress of the riveting process, the piston 13 then withdraws in the axial direction 26 and an ideal closing head 41 is created, which is shown on the right half of FIG.
ZiffemverzeichnϊsZiffemverzeichnisnϊs
1 Vollniet1 full rivet
2 Blech2 sheet
3 Blech3 sheet
4 Matrize4 die
5 ringförmige Erhebung5 ring-shaped elevation
6 örtliche Deformation6 local deformation
7 Ringnut7 ring groove
8 Versatz8 offset
9 Stempelorgan9 stamp organ
10 oberer Anschlag10 upper stop
11 Hohlstempel11 hollow stamp
12 unterer Anschlag12 lower stop
13 Kolben13 pistons
14 Halbhohlniet14 semi-tubular rivet
15 oberer Anschlag15 upper stop
16 unterer Anschlag16 lower stop
17 Hiπterschnitt17 undercut
18 Außenteil18 outer part
19 Verdickung19 thickening
20 Niederhalter20 hold-down devices
21 Stirnfläche21 end face
22 Innendurchmesser22 inner diameter
23 Schaft23 shaft
24 Zylinder24 cylinders
25 Nietstempel25 rivet punches
26 axiale Richtung26 axial direction
27 Matrize27 die
28 Matrizengehäuse28 die housing
29 Stirnfläche29 end face
30 Ringraum30 annulus
31 Druckmittelquelle31 pressure medium source
32 Überdruckventil32 pressure relief valve
33 Federpaket33 spring assembly
34 buckelformige Erhebung34 hump-shaped elevation
35 Einsenkung35 depression
36 Stirnfläche36 end face
37 unterer Schneidrand37 lower cutting edge
38 Ringnut38 ring groove
39 Entlüftungsbohrung39 vent hole
40 Ausnehmung40 recess
41 Schließkopf 41 closing head

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
1 Werkzeug zum Setzen von Stanznieten, insbesondere von Vollnieten oder Halbhohlnieten, mit einem Niederhalter zum Vorspannen der Fügeteile insbesondere von Blechen, einem in einem Zylinder des Niederhalters axial beweglich geführten und mit einer Kraft beaufschlagbaren Nietstempel sowie einer dem Niederhalter gegenüberliegenden Matrize mit einer Erhebung auf einem Abschnitt ihrer dem Nietstempel zugewandten Stirnfläche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stirnfläche (21 ,36) der Matrize (27) radial außerhalb der Erhebung (5,34) in Abschnitte (5 29,34 35) geteilt ist und die - einzelnen Abschnitte (5,29,34,35) der Stirnfläche (21 ,36) in Abhängigkeit von der Eindringtiefe des Staπzniets (1 ,14) in die Fügeteile (2,3) oder von der Kraft, die der Nietstempel (25) auf den Stanzniet (1 ,14) ausübt, in axialer Richtung (26) gegeneinander verschiebbar sind1 tool for setting punch rivets, in particular full rivets or semi-hollow rivets, with a hold-down device for pretensioning the parts to be joined, in particular sheet metal, a rivet punch guided axially movably in a cylinder of the hold-down device and a die opposite the hold-down device with an elevation on one Section of its end face facing the riveting die, characterized in that the end face (21, 36) of the die (27) is divided radially outside the elevation (5, 34) into sections (5 29, 34 35) and the individual sections (5 , 29, 34, 35) of the end face (21, 36) as a function of the depth of penetration of the rivet (1, 14) into the joining parts (2, 3) or of the force exerted by the rivet punch (25) on the punch rivet (1 , 14) exercises in the axial direction (26) against each other
2 Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axial verschiebbaren Abschnitte (29,34) der Stirnfläche (21 ,36) der Matrize (27) durch die Kraft von Federn (33) beaufschlagbar sind2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the axially displaceable sections (29, 34) of the end face (21, 36) of the die (27) can be acted upon by the force of springs (33)
3 Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axial verschiebbaren Abschnitte (29,34) der Stirnfläche (21 ,36) der Matrize (27) durch die Kraft eines Druckmittels beaufschlagbar sind das von einer Druckmittelquelle (31) erzeugt wird3 Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the axially displaceable sections (29,34) of the end face (21, 36) of the die (27) can be acted upon by the force of a pressure medium which is generated by a pressure medium source (31)
4 Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 zum Setzen eines Vollniets mit einer ringförmigen Erhebung der Stirnfläche der Matrize, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die die ringförmige Erhebung (5) konzentrisch umgebenden Abschnitte (29) der Stirnfläche (21) als Teile eines Stempelorgans (9) ausgebildet und gegenüber der ringförmigen Erhebung (5) in axialer Richtung (26) verschiebbar Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 zum Setzen eines Halbhohlniets mit einer buk- kelförmigen Erhebung im Zentrum der Stirnfläche der Matrize, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der die buckelformige Erhebung (34) aufweisende Flächenabschnitt als Teil eines Kolbens (13) ausgebildet und gegenüber den ihn konzentrisch umgebenden übrigen Abschnitten (35) der Stirnfläche (36) der Matrize (27) in axialer Richtung (26) verschiebbar ist. 4 Tool according to claim 1 for setting a solid rivet with an annular elevation of the end face of the die, characterized in that the portions (29) of the end face (21) concentrically surrounding the annular elevation (5) are formed as parts of a punch member (9) and opposite the annular elevation (5) in the axial direction (26) Tool according to Claim 1 for setting a semi-hollow rivet with a boss-shaped elevation in the center of the end face of the die, characterized in that the surface section having the boss-shaped elevation (34) is designed as part of a piston (13) and in relation to the other sections concentrically surrounding it (35) the end face (36) of the die (27) in the axial direction (26) is displaceable.
EP99959212A 1998-10-17 1999-10-14 Tool for applying punched rivets Expired - Lifetime EP1121213B1 (en)

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DE19847980 1998-10-17
DE19847980A DE19847980A1 (en) 1998-10-17 1998-10-17 Stamping rivet upsetting tool comprises die endface which is radially divided into sectors outside raised area
PCT/DE1999/003302 WO2000023213A1 (en) 1998-10-17 1999-10-14 Tool for applying punched rivets

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EP (1) EP1121213B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE238116T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2355343C (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19847980A1 (en) 2000-04-20
DE59905226D1 (en) 2003-05-28
WO2000023213A1 (en) 2000-04-27
DK1121213T3 (en) 2003-07-07
CA2355343A1 (en) 2000-04-27
EP1121213B1 (en) 2003-04-23
CA2355343C (en) 2005-05-10
US6405420B1 (en) 2002-06-18
ES2195642T3 (en) 2003-12-01
ATE238116T1 (en) 2003-05-15
PT1121213E (en) 2003-07-31

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