EP1112212A1 - Stopper for sealing wine bottles - Google Patents

Stopper for sealing wine bottles

Info

Publication number
EP1112212A1
EP1112212A1 EP99941701A EP99941701A EP1112212A1 EP 1112212 A1 EP1112212 A1 EP 1112212A1 EP 99941701 A EP99941701 A EP 99941701A EP 99941701 A EP99941701 A EP 99941701A EP 1112212 A1 EP1112212 A1 EP 1112212A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cork
stoppers
recomposed
corks
cork stoppers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99941701A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1112212B1 (en
Inventor
Arnault Maine De Biran
Evelyne Maine De Biran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1112212A1 publication Critical patent/EP1112212A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1112212B1 publication Critical patent/EP1112212B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B65D39/0005—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in one piece
    • B65D39/0011—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in one piece from natural or synthetic cork, e.g. for wine bottles or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reconstituted cork stoppers intended for corking bottles or other similar containers containing liquids such as so-called “still” wines, sparkling wines, sparkling wines and other drinks.
  • bottles are capped using cylindrical "tube" stoppers in the thickness of a strip cut from the bark of a cork oak, boiled beforehand.
  • wine is a "noble” drink, aged with methodical rules in the fields as in the cellar where it remains in wooden casks, stainless steel tanks and sometimes for long months in special wooden barrels . It is then bottled in glass, a neutral material par excellence and often tinted so that the light does not alter the quality of the content and in which it can age for years.
  • cork represents serious drawbacks (apart from the very good tube stoppers in very good quality corks).
  • this suffering cork powder will then be mixed with the liquid latex, thus forming an easy-to-work paste after long mixing.
  • This paste obtained can remain in a pasty state for several hours, time necessary for an injection work on natural or agglo plugs (see n / patent n ° 2.736.036) and above all can be easily produced in continuous "sausages" serving the manufacture of caps and washers.
  • We will obtain immediate coagulation of the mixture thanks to an acid that goes well with wine since it comes from it, it is tartaric acid. Coagulation will take place immediately upon injection of the acid into the dough before the tubes exit from the machine using a process which will also be patented.
  • the cork obtained will have the appearance of a cork without any defect. Its physical properties being excellent.
  • the elastic return of the stopper will ensure immediate pressure over the entire inner surface of the neck of the bottle, therefore perfect adhesion.
  • the stopper will be made in the same way as a conventional stopper using the same existing stoppering machines.
  • corks After the corks have been completed, these can receive the usual washes of normal corks, as well as surface treatments (natural waxes, silicone parafines) with a higher dose for the latter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a reconstituted cork stopper for sealing bottles of sparkling or non-sparkling wine, made for the greater part from pure powder cork and natural rubber latex vulcanised with sulphur and coagulated with tartaric acid. The material produced in extruded strips capable of being cut up into stoppers or stopper rings.

Description

"BOUCHON DESTINE A OBTURER LES BOUTEILLES DE VIN" "STOPPER FOR SEALING WINE BOTTLES"
La présente invention concerne des bouchons en liège_ recomposé destinés à boucher les bouteilles ou autres récipients analogues contenant des liquides tels que les vins dits "tranquiles" , pétillants , mousseux et autres boissons .The present invention relates to reconstituted cork stoppers intended for corking bottles or other similar containers containing liquids such as so-called "still" wines, sparkling wines, sparkling wines and other drinks.
Ce présent brevet faisant suite au nôtre, n°2.736.036 (bulletin officiel de la P.I. n°97/37 du 12/09/97) , et relatif à la matière Liège/Caoutchouc qui y est décrite.This present patent following ours, n ° 2.736.036 (official bulletin of the P.I. n ° 97/37 of 12/09/97), and relating to the material Cork / Rubber which is described there.
Traditionnellement le bouchage des bouteilles se fait grâce à des bouchons cylindriques " tubes " dans l'épaisseur d'une bande coupée dans 1 ' écorce d'un chêne liège , bouillie au préalable .Traditionally, bottles are capped using cylindrical "tube" stoppers in the thickness of a strip cut from the bark of a cork oak, boiled beforehand.
Les qualités mécaniques du liège étant connues depuis des siècles , il est curieux qu'à nos jours aucun substitut ne soit venu sérieusement remplacer cette matière.The mechanical qualities of cork having been known for centuries, it is curious that today no substitute has seriously come to replace this material.
A cette date , la plupart des bouchons inventés afin de présenter une matière analogue au liège , se composaient de produits chimiques généralement dérivés du pétrole ou de polyethylene ou copolymere d'éthylène etc. mélangés à d ' autres produits pétrochimiques variés tendant à obtenir une matière comparable au liège .At this date, most of the stoppers invented in order to present a material similar to cork, consisted of chemicals generally derived from petroleum or from polyethylene or ethylene copolymer etc. mixed with other various petrochemical products tending to obtain a material comparable to cork.
Nous écarterons ces substitutions du seul fait qu'elles sont entièrement chimiques et que c'est précisément cela qui est préoccupant .We will rule out these substitutions simply because they are entirely chemical and that is precisely what is of concern.
En effet , le vin est une boisson "noble" , élevée avec des règles méthodiques aux champs comme à la cave où il demeure dans des foudres de bois, des cuves d'acier inox et parfois durant de longs mois dans des tonneaux de bois spéciaux . Il est ensuite embouteillé dans du verre, matière neutre par excellence et souvent teinté afin que la lumière n'altère pas la qualité du contenu et dans lesquelles il peut vieillir durant des années .Indeed, wine is a "noble" drink, aged with methodical rules in the fields as in the cellar where it remains in wooden casks, stainless steel tanks and sometimes for long months in special wooden barrels . It is then bottled in glass, a neutral material par excellence and often tinted so that the light does not alter the quality of the content and in which it can age for years.
Ce liège semble être la seule matière noble à venir sceller ce long travail méticuleux .This cork seems to be the only noble material to seal this long meticulous work.
Il est à noter qu'à l'heure actuelle , la production vinicole s ' oriente de plus en plus vers une préparation biologique tant sur la culture des vignes que sur 1 ' élevage des vins ; L'embouteillage et la conservation des crus. Ceci venant du fait que trop d'abus ont été commis par des apports chimiques importants et fréquents dans l'industrie alimentaire, sensibilisant le consommateur et le poussant ainsi à fixer son choix sur des produits naturels .It should be noted that at present, wine production is increasingly oriented towards an organic preparation both on the cultivation of vines and on the aging of wines; Bottling and storage of wines. This comes from the fact that too much abuse has been committed by significant and frequent chemical contributions in the food industry, raising consumer awareness and thus pushing them to make their choice on natural products.
Comme nous l'avons précisé, dans notre précédent brevet il demeure cependant vrai que le liège représente des inconvénients sérieux (ormis les très bons bouchons tubes dans des lièges de très belle qualité) .As we have specified, in our previous patent it remains however true that cork represents serious drawbacks (apart from the very good tube stoppers in very good quality corks).
Cette matière naturelle est une ecorce comportant toujours des défauts qu'il serait long d'énumérer ici, mais parmi ces aléas les plus importants , nous classerons les suivants :This natural material is a bark always containing defects which it would be long to enumerate here, but among these most important hazards, we will classify the following:
'Gout de bouchons" ou tâniques de liège endommageant la qualité du vin -'Gout de bouchons "or tniques of cork damaging the quality of the wine -
'Couleuses" ( ou suintements ) salissant étiquettes et emballages et générant un manque de liquide dans les bouteilles -'Couleuses' (or seeps) dirtying labels and packaging and generating a lack of liquid in the bottles -
'Poussières ou débrits" apparaissants sur les niveaux de remplissage -'Dust or debris' appearing on the filling levels -
'Bouchons troués" par des vers (larves et coléoptères ou papillons de caves) -'Corks with holes' in worms (larvae and beetles or cellar butterflies) -
'Bouchons s 'enfonçant" ou tournant dans le goulot de la bouteille lors de 1 ' introduction du tire-bouchon -'Corks sinking' or turning in the neck of the bottle when inserting the corkscrew -
Pour remédier à tous ces inconvénients, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle matière que nous dénommerons "Liège Recomposé" et que nous décrivons par ce qui suit. L'originalité de cette invention consiste à produire des bouchons découpés dans un "Boudin" composé de matières naturelles telles que le Liège et le Latex de caout - chouc liquide coulé de l'arbre Hévéa.To remedy all these drawbacks, we have developed a new material which we will name "Recomposed Liege" and which we describe with the following. The originality of this invention consists in producing plugs cut from a "Boudin" composed of natural materials such as cork and rubber latex - liquid cauliflower poured from the Hévéa tree.
Il faudra premièrement pulvériser le liège et en retirer la matière pure, exempte de tous ses défauts tels que la croûte et la terre brune de ses lenticelles, opération parfaitement réalisable mécaniquement . Cette poudre étant ensuite traitée grâce à un lavage biologique qui lui retirera toutes odeurs ou gôut indésirables. Dans un deuxième temps, cette poudre parfaitement séchée, sera mélangée à une dose de souffre en poudre extra fine qui permettra par la suite la vulcanisation du latex. Cette opération nécessitant un long brassage amenant les deux poudres à une parfaite cohérence.It will first spray the cork and remove the pure material, free of all its defects such as the crust and the brown earth of its lenticels, operation perfectly mechanically achievable. This powder is then treated with a biological wash which will remove any unwanted odor or taste. In a second step, this perfectly dried powder will be mixed with a dose of sulfur in extra fine powder which will subsequently allow the vulcanization of the latex. This operation requires a long brewing bringing the two powders to a perfect consistency.
Dans un troisième temps cette poudre de liège souffree sera ensuite mélangée au latex liquide formant ainsi une pâte facile à travailler après un long malaxage. Cette pâte obtenue pouvant demeurer à 1 ' état pâteux pendant plusieurs heures , temps nécessaire pour un travail d'injection sur bouchons naturels ou agglos ( voir n/ brevet n° 2.736.036 ) et surtout pouvant être facilement produite en"boudins" continus servant à la fabrication de bouchons et de rondelles . On obtiendra la coagulation immédiate du mélange grâce à un acide se mariant bien avec le vin étant donné qu'il provient de lui, il s'agit de l'acide tartrique. La coagulation se fera aussitôt dès l'injection de l'acide dans la pâte avant les sorties des tubes de la machine grâce à un procédé qui sera également breveté.In a third step, this suffering cork powder will then be mixed with the liquid latex, thus forming an easy-to-work paste after long mixing. This paste obtained can remain in a pasty state for several hours, time necessary for an injection work on natural or agglo plugs (see n / patent n ° 2.736.036) and above all can be easily produced in continuous "sausages" serving the manufacture of caps and washers. We will obtain immediate coagulation of the mixture thanks to an acid that goes well with wine since it comes from it, it is tartaric acid. Coagulation will take place immediately upon injection of the acid into the dough before the tubes exit from the machine using a process which will also be patented.
Cette pièce ou partie de machine sera rajoutée à l'embout d'une " boudineuse " ou "extrudeuse" , machine peu coûteuse que l'on trouve facilement sur le marché.This part or part of the machine will be added to the tip of a "extruder" or "extruder", an inexpensive machine that is easily found on the market.
Ces boudins de la couleur du liège mais d'aspect légèrement rugeux, après un temps de repos, seront découpés à la longueur des bouchons désirés puis passés dans des machines classiques que possèdent tout les fabricants bouchonniers, c'est à dire des ponceuses en bouts (pour les têtes) et en roule pour la partie cylindrique du bouchon.These cork-colored sausages, but with a slightly rougher appearance, after a period of rest, will be cut to the length of the desired stoppers and then passed through conventional machines owned by all cork makers, that is, end sanders. (for the heads) and rolls for the cylindrical part of the cap.
Le bouchon obtenu aura l'aspect d'un bouchon de liège sans aucun défaut. Ses propriétés physiques étant excellentes .The cork obtained will have the appearance of a cork without any defect. Its physical properties being excellent.
Les inconvénients énumérés plus haut seront éliminés de la manière suivante :The disadvantages listed above will be eliminated as follows:
- Gôuts de bouchons ou tâniques supprimés par le traitement de la poudre de liège et l'enrobage de celle-ci par le latex de caoutchouc.- Tastes of corks or tarnishes removed by the treatment of cork powder and the coating of this with rubber latex.
- Couleuse et suintements devenant inexistantes en raison du retour élastique immédiat du bouchon. Assurant, ainsi, une obturation parfaite.- Slurry and seepage becoming nonexistent due to the immediate elastic return of the cap. This ensures a perfect seal.
- S 'agissant d'une masse compacte et incassable les bouchons ne déposeront plus d'impuretés.- Being a compact and unbreakable mass, the plugs will no longer deposit impurities.
- Les conséquences fâcheuses dues aux insectes seront éliminées . __- Unfortunate consequences due to insects will be eliminated. __
- Enfin le retour élastique du bouchon assurera une pression immédiate sur la totalité de la surface intérieure du col de la bouteille, donc une parfaite adhésion Le bouchage s'effectura de la même manière qu'un bouchon classique en utilisant les mêmes machines boucheuses existantes.- Finally, the elastic return of the stopper will ensure immediate pressure over the entire inner surface of the neck of the bottle, therefore perfect adhesion. The stopper will be made in the same way as a conventional stopper using the same existing stoppering machines.
L'extraction de ces bouchons se faisant de façon identique et avec les mêmes moyens qu'actuellement. II n'y aura, en revanche, au débouchage, aucun risque de rupture de la matière.The extraction of these plugs is done in an identical manner and with the same means as currently. On the other hand, there will be no risk of material breaking when unclogging.
On aura noté le côté parfaitement écologique de la teneur de cette matière dont les composants tels que le liège (partie majeure) , le latex de caoutchouc, le soufre et l'acide tartrique, ne peuvent en aucun cas dénaturer la composition ni la qualité gustative des vins. Le soufre et l'acide tartrique étant utilisés lors de l'élevage de ceux-ci.We will have noted the perfectly ecological side of the content of this material whose components such as cork (major part), rubber latex, sulfur and tartaric acid, can in no case denature the composition or the taste quality wines. Sulfur and tartaric acid being used during the breeding of these.
On notera également la facilité du travail de fabrica- tion d'une matière demeurant longtemps à l'état pâteux et se travaillant à la température ambiante grâce à des machines simples et peu coûteuses existant sur le marché, telles que : mélangeurs, malaxeurs, boudineuse, extrudeuses, ponceuses etc.. permettant une production importante pour un coût moindre.Note also the ease of the work of manufacturing a material which remains for a long time in a pasty state and which is worked at ambient temperature using simple and inexpensive machines existing on the market, such as: mixers, kneaders, extruder , extruders, sanders etc .. allowing a large production at a lower cost.
Après achèvement des bouchons, ceux-ci peuvent recevoir les lavages habituels des bouchons normaux, ainsi que les traitements de surface (cires naturelles, parafines silicones) avec cependant une dose plus forte pour ces derniers.After the corks have been completed, these can receive the usual washes of normal corks, as well as surface treatments (natural waxes, silicone parafines) with a higher dose for the latter.
Il va de soi que de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées dans la composition de cette matière sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. It goes without saying that many modifications can be made in the composition of this material without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
- 1 - Bouchons en liège recomposé destinés à obturer les bouteilles ou autres récipients. Caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont composés en majeure partie de poudre de liège pure, dont toutes les parties impro - près seront extraites puis de latex de caoutchouc liquide provenant de l'Hévéa ; puis en moindre part de soufre qui vulcanise les molécules de latex, enfin de 1 ' acide tartrique coagulant immédiatement la pâte formée par les trois produits mentionnés ci-dessus. - 2 - Bouchons en liège selon la revendication 1 caractérisés en ce que ces produits sont malaxés puis extrudés dans des tubes formant des boudins trans - formés en bouchons et rondelles .- 1 - Recomposed cork stoppers intended to seal bottles or other containers. Characterized in that they are mainly composed of pure cork powder, from which all the improper parts will be extracted then of liquid rubber latex coming from the Hévéa; then, to a lesser extent, sulfur which vulcanizes the latex molecules, finally tartaric acid which immediately coagulates the paste formed by the three products mentioned above. - 2 - Cork stoppers according to claim 1 characterized in that these products are kneaded then extruded into tubes forming tubes transformed into stoppers and washers.
- 3 - Bouchons en liège selon les revendications l , 2 caractérisés en ce que cette pâte, avant coagulation, est travaillée avec le temps nécessaire pour être injectée sur des bouchons de liège ou agglomérés. - 3 - Corks according to claims l, 2 characterized in that this paste, before coagulation, is worked with the time necessary to be injected on corks or agglomerates.
REVENDICATIONS MODIFIEESAMENDED CLAIMS
[reçues par le Bureau International le 01 mars 2000 (01.03.00); revendications originales 1 et 2 modifiées; revendication originale 3 remplacée par les nouvelles revendications 3 et 4; autres revendications inchangées (1 page)][received by the International Bureau on March 01, 2000 (01.03.00); original claims 1 and 2 amended; original claim 3 replaced by new claims 3 and 4; other claims unchanged (1 page)]
- 1 - Bouchons en liège recomposé destinés à obturer les bouteilles ou autres récipients . Caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont composés en majeure partie de poudre de liège pure et désodorisée dont toutes les parties impropres seront extraites ; puis de latex de caoutchouc liquide provenant de l'Hévéa ; puis en moindre part de soufre qui vulcanisera les molécules de latex ; enfin de l'acide tartrique coagulant immédiatement la pâte formée par les trois produits mentionnés ci-dessus .- 1 - Recomposed cork stoppers intended to seal bottles or other containers. Characterized in that they are mainly composed of pure and deodorized cork powder from which all the improper parts will be extracted; then liquid rubber latex from the rubber tree; then, to a lesser extent, sulfur which will vulcanize the latex molecules; finally, tartaric acid immediately coagulating the paste formed by the three products mentioned above.
- 2 - Bouchons en liège recomposé selon la revendication n°l et caractérisés du fait que ses composants seront malaxés puis extrudés dans des tubes formant des boudins qui , après un temps de séchage , seront découpés en bouchons ou rondelles .- 2 - Recomposed cork stoppers according to claim No. 1 and characterized in that its components will be kneaded and then extruded into tubes forming tubes which, after a drying time, will be cut into stoppers or washers.
- 3 - Bouchons en liège recomposé selon la revendication n°l et caractérisés par le fait qu'ils pourront également être fabriqués par moulage .- 3 - Recomposed cork stoppers according to claim No. 1 and characterized in that they can also be produced by molding.
- 4 - Bouchons en liège recomposé selon les revendications n°l et 3 et caractérisés en ce que cette pâte avant coagulation , est travaillée avec le temps nécessaire pour être injectée sur une ou deux têtes de bouchons de liège naturels ou agglomérés . - 4 - Corks recomposed according to claims 1 and 3 and characterized in that this paste before coagulation, is worked with the time necessary to be injected into one or two heads of natural or agglomerated cork stoppers.
EP99941701A 1998-09-11 1999-09-07 Stopper for sealing wine bottles Expired - Lifetime EP1112212B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9811403 1998-09-11
FR9811403A FR2783239B1 (en) 1998-09-11 1998-09-11 RECOMPOSED CORK STOPPER FOR SEALING BOTTLES
PCT/FR1999/002118 WO2000015516A1 (en) 1998-09-11 1999-09-07 Stopper for sealing wine bottles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1112212A1 true EP1112212A1 (en) 2001-07-04
EP1112212B1 EP1112212B1 (en) 2003-03-19

Family

ID=9530375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99941701A Expired - Lifetime EP1112212B1 (en) 1998-09-11 1999-09-07 Stopper for sealing wine bottles

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1112212B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE234765T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5521599A (en)
DE (1) DE69906098T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2198943T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2783239B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1112212E (en)
WO (1) WO2000015516A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2855999B1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2006-04-07 Philippe Allasio PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PLUG AND CAP OBTAINED

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1961431A1 (en) * 1969-12-08 1971-06-16 W H Van Den Toorn S Ind Ondern Process for improving the properties and resistance to fungus formation of bottle corks
FR2307843A1 (en) * 1975-04-15 1976-11-12 Simflex Cork substitute compsn. for closing foodstuff containers - comprising polyisoprene styrene butadiene copolymer, fillers, blowing and vulcanising agents
FR2672002B1 (en) * 1991-01-25 1995-05-24 Sabate Sa Bouchons Champagne COMPOSITION FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CAP AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.
FR2736036B1 (en) 1995-06-28 1997-09-12 Maine De Biran Arnault STOPPER FOR SEALING BOTTLES OF STILL OR SPARKLING WINES
GB9519972D0 (en) * 1995-09-28 1995-11-29 Ag Patents Ltd Improved container stoppers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0015516A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT1112212E (en) 2004-05-31
ATE234765T1 (en) 2003-04-15
FR2783239B1 (en) 2000-12-22
EP1112212B1 (en) 2003-03-19
WO2000015516A1 (en) 2000-03-23
ES2198943T3 (en) 2004-02-01
FR2783239A1 (en) 2000-03-17
DE69906098D1 (en) 2003-04-24
AU5521599A (en) 2000-04-03
DE69906098T2 (en) 2003-12-24

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