EP1110730A2 - Method for the diagnosis of a rotary printing press - Google Patents

Method for the diagnosis of a rotary printing press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1110730A2
EP1110730A2 EP00128645A EP00128645A EP1110730A2 EP 1110730 A2 EP1110730 A2 EP 1110730A2 EP 00128645 A EP00128645 A EP 00128645A EP 00128645 A EP00128645 A EP 00128645A EP 1110730 A2 EP1110730 A2 EP 1110730A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
signal
rotary
units
signals
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Granted
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EP00128645A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1110730A3 (en
EP1110730B1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Georg Gross
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Koenig and Bauer AG
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Koenig and Bauer AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/02—Arrangements of indicating devices, e.g. counters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
    • B41F13/04—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines intermittently

Definitions

  • a disadvantage of the diagnostic methods shown is that angular deviations are not sufficient Accuracy can be recorded.
  • DE 41 36 785 A1 discloses a diagnostic device for a clock generation device on printing machines. There is an encoder on a single-speed shaft arranged.
  • the magazine "Der Polygraph" 10-74, pages 729, 730, 732, 734 describes two cylinders To arrange torsional vibration sensors. Their signals are related to a relationship between duplicates and torsional vibrations evaluated.
  • the invention has for its object a method to diagnose a rotary printing press.
  • the printing units of which each have their own position-controlled drive motor the rotary pulse generators which are already present for regulating the drive motor are used.
  • the output signals of the existing rotary pulse generators are evaluated, whereby the additional effort for the diagnostic system according to the invention is low.
  • the state of wear of the entire printing unit ie also components that are not provided with a rotary pulse generator, can be inferred, since neighboring components also influence a torsional vibration behavior of the component provided with the rotary pulse generator.
  • processing the output signal of the rotary pulse generator in frequency spectra and assigning typical frequencies to certain components, it can be concluded that the component has wear or damage.
  • the diagnostic system according to the invention is in the drawing shown and is described in more detail below.
  • a web 1 is printed by means of printing units 2, four printing units 2 in the example shown, in perfect and reverse printing in a web-fed rotary printing press.
  • Each of these printing units 2 is designed in a bridge construction symmetrical to the web 1.
  • Two rubber cylinders 4, two plate cylinders 6 and the associated inking and dampening units 7, 8 are each mounted in side frames 3 of these printing units 2.
  • the inking units 7 are designed as anilox short inking units, each consisting of an ink transfer roller 9, an anilox roller 11 and a doctor blade device 12.
  • the dampening units 8 are designed, for example, as spray dampening units and essentially consist of three dampening medium transfer rollers 13, 14, 16 and a spray device 17 which interacts with them.
  • the rubber and plate cylinders 4, 6 of a printing unit 2 are connected to one another, for example, via gear transmissions, not shown.
  • Each printing unit 2 is driven by its own drive motor.
  • This drive motor is e.g. B. flanged directly to the respective rubber cylinder 4 or drives it, for example, by means of an intermediate pinion.
  • This rubber cylinder 4 is equipped with a position encoder designed as an angular position encoder, e.g. B. a rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 (z. B. incremental encoder or resolver) provided.
  • the printing units 2 can be connected synchronously by means of a standing shaft. It is also possible to provide each rubber and plate cylinder 4, 6 with its own motor.
  • each rubber and plate cylinder 4, 6 with its own angular position encoder for. B. a rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 may be equipped.
  • an evaluation device 23 essentially consists of four measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 assigned to the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22, a time base 31, a control unit 32, a data memory 33 and a digital I / A assigned to a computer 34. 0 card 36.
  • the four measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28, each connected to a rotary pulse generator 18, 19, 21, 22, are synchronized by the time base 31.
  • this control unit 32 is linked to the time base 31, the data memory 33 and the digital I / 0 card 36.
  • a reference psychronization for a start pulse is located on the control unit 32 in order to start all measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 simultaneously.
  • the control unit 32 controls a measurement period, a number of revolutions, the time base 31 and outputs data to the I / O card 36.
  • the data memory 33 is also connected to each measuring card 24, 26, 27, 28.
  • the digital I / O card 36 connects this evaluation device 23 to the computer 34. Settings of the control unit 32 and data transfer are carried out via this I / O card 36.
  • the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 each generate three signals, for example by means of a graduated disk provided with optical markings, which is scanned by opto-electrical converters.
  • the first signal provides a reference pulse, the other two signals offset by 90 ° to each other z. B. 4096, meandering pulses per revolution.
  • the reference pulse and the two signals are fed to the evaluation device 23, which records all signals synchronously in time.
  • a reference signal is also fed to the evaluation device 23.
  • This reference signal consists of a temporally constant pulse sequence, the constant frequency of which is substantially higher than a frequency of the signals of the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22.
  • This high-frequency reference signal is generated by means of an oscillator, e.g. B. a quartz crystal.
  • Signals can optionally be compared with one another in the downstream computer 34.
  • the signals from rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 of two rubber cylinders 4 can be compared with one another during one or more cylinder revolutions.
  • This comparison signal generated in this way of two rubber cylinders 4 is wet for the relative rotation angle deviation (relative movement) of these rubber cylinders 4 to one another and thus corresponds to a deviation in the register of the web 1. If the signals of the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 with the reference signal of the oscillator in Set relationship, these comparison signals thus determined represent a measure of the absolute rotation angle deviation or for the absolute deviation of the circumferential speed of the rubber cylinder 4.
  • these deviations in uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 can be combined into groups which, although they are similar to a certain pattern, do not have to be absolutely identical.
  • This comparison signal of the uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 is fed to the computer 34 and there with stored, machine-typical, fixed reference signals for certain production conditions ⁇ z. B. speed, number of printing units, web material, etc.) compared.
  • machine-typical reference signals sample signals
  • both the comparison signal of the uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 and the pattern signals can be processed.
  • the signals are broken down into frequency spectra with the associated amplitudes. It has proven to be advantageous not to relate these frequency spectra to time, but to a cylinder revolution, since most of the movements in a rotary printing press occur periodically to one cylinder revolution.
  • the magnitudes of the amplitudes of the torsional vibration related to the cylinder revolution are then determined and compared. It is possible to break down each signal into its frequency spectra by means of an FFT or just to divide the deviation from the pattern signal into its frequency spectrum and then evaluate it.
  • the comparison of the measurement signals with the sample signals can be carried out continuously or at certain time intervals.
  • the cause can be deduced on the basis of their frequency.
  • Damage to components e.g. B. gears or cylinder bearings can be recognized, for example, using this frequency analysis.
  • wear on the teeth of a gearwheel can be seen in a frequency spectrum that corresponds to a multiple of the cylinder rotation corresponding to the number of teeth. It is also possible to detect progressive wear on cylinder bearings and thus to determine maintenance intervals.
  • the deviation of the actual rotation angle position of a cylinder or the deviation of the relative rotation angle position of two cylinders from one another from the associated machine-typical reference signal is used as a measure of the wear or damage to components.
  • This state of wear of certain components is continuously monitored and communicated to an operator, for example on a screen of a control center.
  • the operator must then, for example, upon reaching a first limit value previously set, for example by the machine manufacturer, acknowledge the message about the state of wear and release the machine manually.
  • a second limit value is reached, for example, the machine or at least the relevant unit is stopped.
  • the Regulation of the motors of the printing units 2 required Rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 used to the Generate measurement signals.
  • other people's cylinders Units such as reel changers, feeders or Folders 18, 19, 21, 22 assigned to the folder used for evaluation and hereby conclusions on the state of wear certain, periodically moving components of these units are pulled. So can, for example, a profile of a cutting force cylinders involved in a cutting operation, e.g. B. of a cutting cylinder can be determined in the folder and from that to the state of wear of, for example Cutting bars or cutting blades are closed.
  • Angular pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 can also be more Rotary encoder on periodically moving, z. B. rotating components, e.g. B. on all cylinders 4, 6, be provided.
  • the measurement signals or the evaluation of the measurement signals can get saved.
  • This stored data can be saved at Need for remote diagnosis, for example via a modem or can be accessed via ISDN procedures.

Abstract

Two rubber cylinders (4), two plate cylinders (6) and associated inking (7) and dampening units (8) are fitted with bearings in side locations for these printing devices. The inking units run as anilox short inking units, consisting of an ink transmission roller (9), a raster roller (11) and wiping blade device (12). The dampening units run as spray dampening units with three dampening rollers.

Description

Verfahren zur Diagnose einer RotationsdruckmaschineDiagnostic method for a rotary printing press

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Rotationsdruckmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for diagnosing a Rotary printing machine according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Durch die Zeitschrift "Papier und Druck" 32 (1983) 7, allgemeiner Teil, Seiten 100 bis 104, sind Grundlagen verschiedener Diagnoseverfahren für Druckmaschinen bekannt.Through the magazine "Papier und Druck" 32 (1983) 7, general part, pages 100 to 104, are the basics various diagnostic methods for printing presses known.

Daraus ist aber keinerlei Hinweis zur Verwendung von Winkellagen von rotierenden Bauteilen für Diagnoseverfahren zu entnehmen.However, there is no indication of the use of Angular positions of rotating components for Diagnostic procedures.

Nachteilig bei den aufgezeigten Diagnoseverfahren ist, daß Drehwinkelabweichungen nicht mit ausreichender Genauigkeit erfaßt werden.A disadvantage of the diagnostic methods shown is that angular deviations are not sufficient Accuracy can be recorded.

Die DE 41 37 979 A1 beschreibt einen Antrieb für eine Druckmaschine. Dieser Antrieb weist an jedem Druckwerk einen Winkelgeber auf. Die Abweichungen der Signale der Winkelgeber werden zur Regelung der Druckwerke mittels einer Stellgröße zueinander benutzt, wobei zur Ermittlung der Stellgröße eine Kenntnis einer früheren Meßwerterfassung benutzt wird. DE 41 37 979 A1 describes a drive for a Printing press. This drive points to every printing unit an angle encoder. The deviations of the signals of the Angle sensors are used to control the printing units a manipulated variable used to each other, with the Determining the manipulated variable is knowledge of an earlier one Measured value acquisition is used.

Die DE 41 36 785 A1 offenbart eine Diagnoseeinrichtung für eine Takterzeugungseinrichtung an Druckmaschinen. Dabei ist an einer Eintourenwelle ein Drehgeber angeordnet.DE 41 36 785 A1 discloses a diagnostic device for a clock generation device on printing machines. There is an encoder on a single-speed shaft arranged.

Die Zeitschrift "Der Polygraph" 10-74, Seiten 729, 730, 732, 734 beschreibt, an zwei Zylinder Drehschwingungsaufnehmer anzuordnen. Deren Signale werden bezüglich eines Zusammenhangs zwischen Dublieren und Drehschwingungen ausgewertet.The magazine "Der Polygraph" 10-74, pages 729, 730, 732, 734 describes two cylinders To arrange torsional vibration sensors. Their signals are related to a relationship between duplicates and torsional vibrations evaluated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Rotationsdruckmaschine zu schaffen.The invention has for its object a method to diagnose a rotary printing press.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß ein Zustand einer Rotationsdruckmaschine überwacht wird. Wartungszeitpunkte können aufgrund des Verschleißes periodisch bewegter, z. B. rotierender Bauteile prognostiziert werden und dann vorhandene Stillstandszeiten der Rotationsdruckmaschine zur Wartung benutzt werden. Produktionsausfälle infolge Verschleiß werden so minimiert.The advantages that can be achieved with the invention exist especially in that a state of a Rotary printing machine is monitored. Maintenance times can be due to wear periodically moving, e.g. B. rotating components be predicted and then existing ones Downtimes of the rotary printing press for maintenance to be used. Production downtime due to wear are minimized in this way.

Bei Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen, deren Druckeinheiten jeweils einen eigenen lagegeregelten Antriebsmotor besitzen, werden die zur Regelung des Antriebsmotors bereits vorhandenen Drehimpulsgeber benutzt. Dabei werden die Ausgangssignale der vorhandenen Drehimpulsgeber ausgewertet, wodurch der zusätzliche Aufwand für das erfindungsgemäße Diagnosesystem gering ist.
Mittels nur eines Drehimpulsgebers je Druckeinheit kann auf den Verschleißzustand der gesamten Druckeinheit, d.h. auch auf Bauteile, die nicht mit einem Drehimpulsgeber versehen sind, geschlossen werden, da auch benachbarte Bauteile ein Drehschwingungsverhalten des mit dem Drehimpulsgeber versehenen Bauteiles beeinflussen.
Mittels der Aufbearbeitung des Ausgangssignales des Drehimpulsgebers in Frequenzspektren und der Zuordnung typischer Frequenzen zu bestimmten Bauteilen, kann auf das Verschleiß oder Schaden aufweisende Bauteil geschlossen werden.In rotary rotary printing presses, the printing units of which each have their own position-controlled drive motor, the rotary pulse generators which are already present for regulating the drive motor are used. The output signals of the existing rotary pulse generators are evaluated, whereby the additional effort for the diagnostic system according to the invention is low.
By means of only one rotary pulse generator per printing unit, the state of wear of the entire printing unit, ie also components that are not provided with a rotary pulse generator, can be inferred, since neighboring components also influence a torsional vibration behavior of the component provided with the rotary pulse generator.
By processing the output signal of the rotary pulse generator in frequency spectra and assigning typical frequencies to certain components, it can be concluded that the component has wear or damage.

Das erfindungsgemäße Diagnosesystem ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.The diagnostic system according to the invention is in the drawing shown and is described in more detail below.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckeinheit einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine mit angeschlossenem Diagnosesystem;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Diagnosesystemes.
Show it
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a printing unit of a web-fed rotary printing press with a connected diagnostic system;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the diagnostic system.

Eine Bahn 1 wird mittels Druckeinheiten 2, im dargestellten Beispiel vier Druckeinheiten 2, im Schönund Widerdruck in einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine bedruckt. Jede dieser Druckeinheiten 2 ist in brückenbauweise symmetrisch zur Bahn 1 ausgeführt. In Seitengestellen 3 dieser Druckeinheiten 2 sind jeweils zwei Gummizylinder 4, zwei Plattenzylinder 6 und die dazugehörigen Farb- bzw. Feuchtwerke 7, 8 gelagert. Die Farbwerke 7 sind im vorliegenden Beispiel als Anilox-Kurzfarbwerke, jeweils bestehend aus einer Farbübertragungswalze 9, einer Rasterwalze 11 und einer Rakeleinrichtung 12, ausgeführt. Die Feuchtwerke 8 sind beispielsweise als Sprühfeuchtwerke ausgebildet und bestehen im wesentlichen aus drei FeuchtmitteLübertragungswaLzen 13, 14, 16 sowie einer mit diesen zusammenwirkenden Sprüheinrichtung 17.A web 1 is printed by means of printing units 2, four printing units 2 in the example shown, in perfect and reverse printing in a web-fed rotary printing press. Each of these printing units 2 is designed in a bridge construction symmetrical to the web 1. Two rubber cylinders 4, two plate cylinders 6 and the associated inking and dampening units 7, 8 are each mounted in side frames 3 of these printing units 2. In the present example, the inking units 7 are designed as anilox short inking units, each consisting of an ink transfer roller 9, an anilox roller 11 and a doctor blade device 12. The dampening units 8 are designed, for example, as spray dampening units and essentially consist of three dampening medium transfer rollers 13, 14, 16 and a spray device 17 which interacts with them.

Die Gummi- und Plattenzylinder 4, 6 einer Druckeinheit 2 sind beispielsweise über nichtdargestellte Zahnradgetriebe miteinander verbunden. Jede Druckeinheit 2 wird mittels eines eigenen Antriebsmotors angetrieben. Dieser Antriebsmotor ist z. B. direkt an den jeweiligen Gummizylinder 4 angeflanscht oder treibt diesen beispielsweise mittels eines zwischengeschalteten Ritzels an. Dieser Gummizylinder 4 ist mit einem als Winkellagegeber ausgebildeten Lagegeber, z. B. einem Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 (z. B. Inkrementalgeber oder Resolver), versehen.
Zusätzlich zu den einzelnen Antriebsmotoren einer Druckeinheit 2 können die Druckeinheiten 2 mittels einer Stehwelle synchronisiert verbunden werden. Auch ist es möglich jeden Gummi- und Plattenzylinder 4, 6 mit einem eigenen Motor zu versehen. Ebenso kann jeder Gummi- und Plattenzylinder 4, 6 mit einem eigenen Winkellagegeber, z. B. einem Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 ausgestattet sein.The rubber and plate cylinders 4, 6 of a printing unit 2 are connected to one another, for example, via gear transmissions, not shown. Each printing unit 2 is driven by its own drive motor. This drive motor is e.g. B. flanged directly to the respective rubber cylinder 4 or drives it, for example, by means of an intermediate pinion. This rubber cylinder 4 is equipped with a position encoder designed as an angular position encoder, e.g. B. a rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 (z. B. incremental encoder or resolver) provided.
In addition to the individual drive motors of a printing unit 2, the printing units 2 can be connected synchronously by means of a standing shaft. It is also possible to provide each rubber and plate cylinder 4, 6 with its own motor. Likewise, each rubber and plate cylinder 4, 6 with its own angular position encoder, for. B. a rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 may be equipped.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel besteht eine Auswerteeinrichtung 23 im wesentlichen aus vier den Drehimpulsgebern 18, 19, 21, 22, zugeordneten Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28, einer Zeitbasis 31, einer Steuereinheit 32, einem Datenspeicher 33 und einer einem Rechner 34 zugeordneten digitalen I/0-Karte 36. Die vier mit jeweils einem Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 verbundenen Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28 werden von der Zeitbasis 31 synchronisiert. Auf den Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28 befindet sich eine Anpassung, z. B. zur Einstellung einer Anzahl von Inkrementen des jeweiliegen Drehimpulsgebers 18, 19, 21, 22, für die Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 und eine Datenflußkontrolle zwischen den Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28 und dem Datenspeicher 33. Die Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28 stehen in Kontakt mit der Steuereinheit 32. Zudem ist diese Steuereinheit 32 mit der Zeitbasis 31, dem Datenspeicher 33 und der digitalen I/0-Karte 36 verknüpft. Auf der Steuereinheit 32 befindet sich eine Referenzsychronisation für einen Startimpuls, um alle Meßkarten 24, 26, 27, 28 gleichzeitig zu starten. Außerdem kontrolliert die Steuereinheit 32 eine Meßdauer, eine Anzahl von Umdrehungen, die Zeitbasis 31 und gibt Daten an die I/0-Karte 36 aus. Der Datenspeicher 33 steht ebenfalls in Verbindung mit jeder Meßkarte 24, 26, 27, 28. Die digitale I/0-Karte 36 stellt die Verbindung dieser Auswerteeinrichtung 23 mit dem Rechner 34 her. über diese I/0-Karte 36 werden Einstellungen der Steuereinheit 32 und eine Datenweitergabe vorgenommen.
Die Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 erzeugen beispielsweise mittels einer mit optischen Markierungen versehenen Teilscheibe, die von opto-elektrischen Wandlern abgetastet wird, jeweils drei Signale. Das erste Signal Liefert einen Referenzimpuls, die anderen beiden, um 90° zueinander versetzten Signale jeweils z. B. 4096, mäanderförmige Impulse pro Umdrehung. Der Referenzimpuls und die beiden Signale werden der Auswerteeinrichtung 23, die alle Signale zeitlich synchron aufzeichnet, zugeführt. Ebenfalls wird der Auswerteeinrichtung 23 ein Referenzsignal zugeleitet. Dieses Referenzsignal besteht aus einer zeitlich konstanten Impulsfolge, deren konstante Frequenz wesentlich höher als eine Frequenz der Signale der Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 ist. Erzeugt wird dieses hochfrequente Referenzsignal mittels eines Oszillators, z. B. eines Schwingquarzes.
In dem nachgeschalteten Rechner 34 können wahlweise Signale miteinander verglichen werden. So können beispielsweise die Signale von Drehimpulsgebern 18, 19, 21, 22 zweier Gummizylinder 4 während einer oder mehrerer Zylinderumdrehungen miteinander verglichen werden. Dieses so erzeugte Vergleichssignal zweier Gummizylinder 4 ist ein Naβ für die relative Drehwinkelabweichnung (Relativbewegung) dieser Gummizylinder 4 zueinander und entpricht somit einer Abweichung des Registers der Bahn 1. Werden die Signale der Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 mit dem Referenzsignals des Oszillators in Beziehung gesetzt, stellen diese so ermittelten Vergleichssignale ein Maß für die absolute Drehwinkelabweichnung bzw. für die absolute Abweichung der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Gummizylinder 4 dar. Aus diesem Vergleichssignal ist der Verlauf der Abweichnung des Gummizylinders 4 von einer gleichförmigen Drehbewegung infolge Drehschwingungen ersichtlich, d.h. der Verlauf der genauen (vorzugsweise auf 0,001° bis 0,01° genau) Drehwinkellage des Gummizylinders 4. Diese Drehschwingungen können beispielsweise von Eigenschwingungen des Gummizylinders 4, von Fehlern des zahnradgetriebes, von Schwingungen der Lagerung des Gummizylinders 4, von übertragenen Schwingungen benachbarter Zylinder oder von Belastungsschwankungen induziert werden. Jeder Zylinder 4, 6 einer Druckeinheit 2 weist einen typischen Verlauf der Abweichnung von einer gleichförmigen Drehbewegung auf. Innerhalb einer Druckeinheit 2 können beispielsweise diese Gleichförmigkeitsabweichungen der Zylinder 4, 6 zu Gruppen, die zwar einem bestimmten Muster ähneln, aber nicht absolut gleich sein müssen, zusammengefaßt werden. Dieses Vergleichssignal der Gleichförmigkeit der Zylinder 4, 6 wird dem Rechner 34 zugeführt und dort mit abgespeicherten, maschinentypischen, festgelegten Referenzsignalen für bestimmte Produktionsbedingungen <z. B. Geschwindigkeit, Anzahl der druckenden Druckwerke, Material der Bahn usw.) verglichen. Diese maschinentypischen Referenzsignale (Mustersignale) wurden beispielsweise zuvor für verschiedene Produktionsbedingungen an einer einwandfrei arbeitenden Rotationsdruckmaschine im verschleiß- und schadensfreien Zustand abgespeichert oder aufgrund theoretischer überlegungen ermittelt und so festgelegt. Zur Durchführung des Vergleiches können sowohl das Vergleichssignal der Gleichförmigkeit der Zylinder 4, 6 als auch die Mustersignale aufgearbeitet werden. Dies kann beispielsweise mittels einer schnellen Fourier-Analyse (FFT) erfolgen. Hierbei werden die Signale in Frequenzspektren mit den zugehörigen Amplituden zerlegt. Als vorteilhaft hat sich dabei erwiesen, diese Frequenzspektren nicht auf die Zeit, sondern auf eine Zylinderumdrehung zu beziehen, da die meisten Bewegungen in einer Rotationsdruckmaschine periodisch zu einer Zylinderumdrehung erfolgen. Hierbei werden dann die Größen der Amplituden der auf die Zylinderumdrehung bezogenen Drehschwingung ermittelt und verglichen. Es ist möglich jedes Signal mittels einer FFT in seine Frequenzspektren oder auch nur die Abweichung vom Mustersignal in ihr Frequenzspektrum zu zerlegen und anschließend zu bewerten.
Der Vergleich der Meßsignale mit den Mustersignalen kann kontinuierlich oder in gewissen Zeitabständen erfolgen.In the exemplary embodiment, an evaluation device 23 essentially consists of four measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 assigned to the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22, a time base 31, a control unit 32, a data memory 33 and a digital I / A assigned to a computer 34. 0 card 36. The four measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28, each connected to a rotary pulse generator 18, 19, 21, 22, are synchronized by the time base 31. On the measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 there is an adjustment, for. B. for setting a number of increments of the respective rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22, for the rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 and a data flow control between the measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 and the data memory 33 , 26, 27, 28 are in contact with the control unit 32. In addition, this control unit 32 is linked to the time base 31, the data memory 33 and the digital I / 0 card 36. A reference psychronization for a start pulse is located on the control unit 32 in order to start all measuring cards 24, 26, 27, 28 simultaneously. In addition, the control unit 32 controls a measurement period, a number of revolutions, the time base 31 and outputs data to the I / O card 36. The data memory 33 is also connected to each measuring card 24, 26, 27, 28. The digital I / O card 36 connects this evaluation device 23 to the computer 34. Settings of the control unit 32 and data transfer are carried out via this I / O card 36.
The rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 each generate three signals, for example by means of a graduated disk provided with optical markings, which is scanned by opto-electrical converters. The first signal provides a reference pulse, the other two signals offset by 90 ° to each other z. B. 4096, meandering pulses per revolution. The reference pulse and the two signals are fed to the evaluation device 23, which records all signals synchronously in time. A reference signal is also fed to the evaluation device 23. This reference signal consists of a temporally constant pulse sequence, the constant frequency of which is substantially higher than a frequency of the signals of the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22. This high-frequency reference signal is generated by means of an oscillator, e.g. B. a quartz crystal.
Signals can optionally be compared with one another in the downstream computer 34. For example, the signals from rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 of two rubber cylinders 4 can be compared with one another during one or more cylinder revolutions. This comparison signal generated in this way of two rubber cylinders 4 is wet for the relative rotation angle deviation (relative movement) of these rubber cylinders 4 to one another and thus corresponds to a deviation in the register of the web 1. If the signals of the rotary pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 with the reference signal of the oscillator in Set relationship, these comparison signals thus determined represent a measure of the absolute rotation angle deviation or for the absolute deviation of the circumferential speed of the rubber cylinder 4. From this comparison signal, the course of the deviation of the rubber cylinder 4 from a uniform rotary movement due to torsional vibrations can be seen, ie the course of the exact (preferably to 0.001 ° to 0.01 °) angular position of the blanket cylinder 4. These torsional vibrations can be, for example, natural vibrations of the blanket cylinder 4, errors in the gear transmission, vibrations in the mounting of the blanket cylinder 4, and transmitted vibrations neighboring cylinder or induced by fluctuations in load. Each cylinder 4, 6 of a printing unit 2 has a typical course of the deviation from a uniform rotary movement. Within a printing unit 2, for example, these deviations in uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 can be combined into groups which, although they are similar to a certain pattern, do not have to be absolutely identical. This comparison signal of the uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 is fed to the computer 34 and there with stored, machine-typical, fixed reference signals for certain production conditions <z. B. speed, number of printing units, web material, etc.) compared. These machine-typical reference signals (sample signals) were, for example, previously stored for various production conditions on a perfectly functioning rotary printing press in a wear-free and damage-free state or were determined on the basis of theoretical considerations and thus determined. To carry out the comparison, both the comparison signal of the uniformity of the cylinders 4, 6 and the pattern signals can be processed. This can be done, for example, using a fast Fourier analysis (FFT). The signals are broken down into frequency spectra with the associated amplitudes. It has proven to be advantageous not to relate these frequency spectra to time, but to a cylinder revolution, since most of the movements in a rotary printing press occur periodically to one cylinder revolution. The magnitudes of the amplitudes of the torsional vibration related to the cylinder revolution are then determined and compared. It is possible to break down each signal into its frequency spectra by means of an FFT or just to divide the deviation from the pattern signal into its frequency spectrum and then evaluate it.
The comparison of the measurement signals with the sample signals can be carried out continuously or at certain time intervals.

Ändern sich einzelne oder mehrere Amplituden des Frequenzspektrums der Meßsignale, läßt sich aufgrund deren Frequenz auf die Ursache schließen.
Beschädigungen von Bauteilen, z. B. Zahnrädern oder Zylinderlager, lassen sich beispielsweise anhand dieser Frequenzanalyse erkennen. So ist beispielsweise ein Verschleiß von Zähnen eines Zahnrades in einem Frequenzspektrum zu erkennen, das einem der Anzahl der Zähne entsprechenden Vielfachen der Zylinderumdrehung entspricht. Auch ist es möglich, fortschreitenden Verschleiß von Zylinderlagern zu erkennen und somit Wartungsintervalle vorzubestimmen.
Die Abweichung der tatsächlichen Drehwinkellage eines Zylinders oder die Abweichungder relativen Drehwinkellage zweier Zylinder zueinander von dem zugehörigen, maschinentypischen Referenzsignal wird als Maß für den Verschleiß oder Schäden an Bauteilen herangezogen.
Dieser Verschleißzustand von bestimmten Bauteilen wird laufend überwacht und einem Bediener beispielsweise auf einem Bildschirm eines Leitstandes mitgeteilt. Der Bediener muß dann beispielsweise bei Erreichen eines vorher, beispielsweise vom Maschinenhersteller festgelegten, ersten Grenzwertes die Mitteilung über den Verschleißzustand quitieren und die Maschine manuell freigeben. Bei Erreichen eines zweiten Grenzwertes wird beispielsweise die Maschine oder zumindest das betreffende Aggregat stillgesetzt.If one or more amplitudes of the frequency spectrum of the measurement signals change, the cause can be deduced on the basis of their frequency.
Damage to components, e.g. B. gears or cylinder bearings can be recognized, for example, using this frequency analysis. For example, wear on the teeth of a gearwheel can be seen in a frequency spectrum that corresponds to a multiple of the cylinder rotation corresponding to the number of teeth. It is also possible to detect progressive wear on cylinder bearings and thus to determine maintenance intervals.
The deviation of the actual rotation angle position of a cylinder or the deviation of the relative rotation angle position of two cylinders from one another from the associated machine-typical reference signal is used as a measure of the wear or damage to components.
This state of wear of certain components is continuously monitored and communicated to an operator, for example on a screen of a control center. The operator must then, for example, upon reaching a first limit value previously set, for example by the machine manufacturer, acknowledge the message about the state of wear and release the machine manually. When a second limit value is reached, for example, the machine or at least the relevant unit is stopped.

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die zur Regelung der Motoren der Druckeinheiten 2 benötigten Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 benutzt, um die Meßsignale zu erzeugen. Auch können Zylindern anderer Aggregate, wie Rollenwechsler, Einzugswerk oder Falzapparat zugeordnete Drehimpulsgeber 18, 19, 21, 22 zur Auswertung verwendet werden und hiermit Rückschlüsse auf den Verschleißzustand bestimmter, periodisch bewegter Bauteile dieser Aggregate gezogen werden. So kann beispielsweise ein Verlauf einer Schneidkraft eines an einem Schneidvorgang beteiligten Zylinders, z. B. eines Schneidzylinders, im Falzapparat ermittelt werden und daraus auf den Verschleißzustand von beispielsweise Schneidleisten oder Schneidmessern geschlossen werden.In the illustrated embodiment, the Regulation of the motors of the printing units 2 required Rotary encoder 18, 19, 21, 22 used to the Generate measurement signals. Also other people's cylinders Units such as reel changers, feeders or Folders 18, 19, 21, 22 assigned to the folder used for evaluation and hereby conclusions on the state of wear certain, periodically moving components of these units are pulled. So can, for example, a profile of a cutting force cylinders involved in a cutting operation, e.g. B. of a cutting cylinder can be determined in the folder and from that to the state of wear of, for example Cutting bars or cutting blades are closed.

Neben den bereits für die Antriebsmotoren notwendigen Drehimpulsgebern 18, 19, 21, 22 können auch weitere Drehimpulsgeber an periodisch bewegten, z. B. rotierenden Bauteilen, z. B. an allen Zylindern 4, 6, vorgesehen sein.In addition to those already required for the drive motors Angular pulse generators 18, 19, 21, 22 can also be more Rotary encoder on periodically moving, z. B. rotating components, e.g. B. on all cylinders 4, 6, be provided.

Die Meßsignale bzw. die Auswertung der Meßsignale können gespeichert werden. Diese gespeicherten Daten können bei Bedarf zur Ferndiagnose beispielsweise über ein Modem bzw. über ISDN-Verfahren abgerufen werden. The measurement signals or the evaluation of the measurement signals can get saved. This stored data can be saved at Need for remote diagnosis, for example via a modem or can be accessed via ISDN procedures.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
Bahntrain
22nd
DruckeinheitPrinting unit
33rd
SeitengestellSide frame
44th
GummizylinderRubber cylinder
55
--
66
PlattenzylinderPlate cylinder
77
FarbwerkInking unit
88th
FeuchtwerkDampening system
99
FarbübertragungswalzeInk transfer roller
1010th
--
1111
RasterwalzeAnilox roller
1212th
RakeleinrichtungDoctor device
1313
FeuchtmittelübertragungswalzeFountain solution transfer roller
1414
FeuchtmittelübertragungswalzeFountain solution transfer roller
1515
--
1616
FeuchtmittelübertragungswalzeFountain solution transfer roller
1717th
SprüheinrichtungSpraying device
1818th
DrehimpulsgeberRotary encoder
1919th
DrehimpulsgeberRotary encoder
2020th
--
2121
DrehimpulsgeberRotary encoder
2222
DrehimpulsgeberRotary encoder
2323
AuswerteeinrichtungEvaluation device
2424th
MeßkarteMeasurement card
2525th
--
2626
MeßkarteMeasurement card
2727
Meßkarte Measurement card
2828
MeßkarteMeasurement card
2929
--
3030th
--
3131
ZeitbasisTime base
3232
SteuereinheitControl unit
3333
DatenspeicherData storage
3434
Rechnercomputer
3535
--
3636
I/0-KarteI / 0 card

Claims (4)

Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Rotationsdruckmaschine, bei dem ein an einem Schneidvorgang beteiligter Zylinder eines Falzapparates mit einem Winkellagegeber (18; 19; 21; 22) versehen wird und mittels dieses Winkellagegebers (18; 19; 21; 22) ein Signal eines Verlaufes einer genauen, tatsächlichen Drehwinkellage des Zylinders ermittelt und jenes Signal mit einem festgelegten, maschinentypischen Referenzsignal eines Verlaufes der Drehwinkellage des Zylinders verglichen wird, und daß die Abweichung der Verläufe der tatsächlichen Drehwinkellage und des Referenzsignales als Maß für Verschleiß oder Schäden an dem am Schneidvorgang beteiligten Zylinder herangezogen wird.Method for diagnosing a rotary printing press, in which a cylinder involved in a cutting process of a folder with an angular position encoder (18; 19; 21; 22) is provided and by means of this Angular position encoder (18; 19; 21; 22) a signal from Course of an exact, actual angle of rotation position of the cylinder and that signal with a specified, machine-typical reference signal of a Comparison of the course of the angular position of the cylinder and that the deviation of the courses of the actual angle of rotation and the reference signal as a measure of wear or damage to the Cylinder involved in the cutting process becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal als Maß für den Verlauf einer Schneidkraft ausgewertet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal as a measure of the course of a Cutting force is evaluated. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal der tatsächlichen Drehwinkellage und das Referenzsignal und/oder das Signal der Abweichung zwischen dem Referenzsignal und der tatsächlichen Drehwinkellage mittels mathematischer Verfahren in Frequenzspektren mit den dazugehörigen Amplituden zerlegt werden, daß ausgewählte Frequenzen bestimmten Bauteilen zugeordnet werden und daß die Amplituden dieser ausgewählten Frequenzen als Maß für den Verschleiß oder Schäden an diesen Bauteilen verwendet werden.Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized that the signal of the actual Angular position and the reference signal and / or that Signal of the deviation between the reference signal and the actual angle of rotation by means of mathematical Procedure in frequency spectra with the associated Amplitudes are broken down to selected frequencies be assigned to certain components and that the Amplitudes of these selected frequencies as a measure of the wear or damage to these components be used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frequenzspektren bezogen auf Zylinderumdrehungen berechnet werden.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the frequency spectra related to cylinder revolutions be calculated.
EP00128645A 1996-09-12 1997-09-04 Method for the diagnosis of a rotary printing press Expired - Lifetime EP1110730B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19636987A DE19636987C2 (en) 1996-09-12 1996-09-12 Diagnostic device for a rotary printing press
DE19636987 1996-09-12
EP97115305A EP0829352B1 (en) 1996-09-12 1997-09-04 Method for the diagnosis of a rotary printing press

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EP1110730A2 true EP1110730A2 (en) 2001-06-27
EP1110730A3 EP1110730A3 (en) 2001-08-22
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EP1110730A3 (en) 2001-08-22
JP2978136B2 (en) 1999-11-15
EP0829352A2 (en) 1998-03-18
DE59705254D1 (en) 2001-12-13
DE19636987A1 (en) 1998-03-19
EP1110730B1 (en) 2003-03-19
DE59709591D1 (en) 2003-04-24
DE19636987C2 (en) 2000-03-23
US5865120A (en) 1999-02-02
JPH1086342A (en) 1998-04-07
EP0829352A3 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0829352B1 (en) 2001-11-07

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