EP1108186A1 - Method and device for cleaning waste gases by thermal afterburning - Google Patents

Method and device for cleaning waste gases by thermal afterburning

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Publication number
EP1108186A1
EP1108186A1 EP99939919A EP99939919A EP1108186A1 EP 1108186 A1 EP1108186 A1 EP 1108186A1 EP 99939919 A EP99939919 A EP 99939919A EP 99939919 A EP99939919 A EP 99939919A EP 1108186 A1 EP1108186 A1 EP 1108186A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
chamber housing
exhaust gases
combustion
mixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99939919A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1108186B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Voss-Spilker
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1108186A1 publication Critical patent/EP1108186A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1108186B1 publication Critical patent/EP1108186B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants.
  • Reaction chamber housing is provided, into which an inlet port opens for the supply of exhaust gases to be burned.
  • an inlet port opens for the supply of exhaust gases to be burned.
  • In the mouth area of the inlet nozzle in the reaction chamber housing is one
  • Burner unit provided with which the exhaust gases with thermal
  • Pollutants are applied so that the mixing is coupled to the energy input.
  • a reaction chamber housing is provided, into which an inlet connection opens.
  • a burner unit for supplying thermal energy which has a plurality of inlet nozzles, is arranged in the flow direction in front of the mouth region of the inlet connector into the reaction chamber housing, a fuel medium being injected into the exhaust gases flowing past with the inlet nozzles.
  • DE-U-296 12 352 discloses a device with a burner device for operating a drying system, in particular for animal feed, in which a main burner housing is provided.
  • a main burner housing In an end region of the main burner housing opposite a drying chamber, an inlet connection opens for process air which may contain pollutants and / or is laden with moisture.
  • a pilot burner and a core burner which burns a mixture of a combustion medium and combustion air are attached to the center of the main burner housing and are surrounded by feed pipes for a combustion medium in the region of the mouth of the inlet connection piece into the main burner housing. This effectively mixes the process air with the combustion medium in the area of the core burner.
  • this arrangement achieves a high drying capacity with efficient use of energy and low pollutant emissions.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal post-combustion, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, which are characterized by stable and largely complete combustion even under unsteady flow conditions.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a method for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, in which exhaust gases to be burned are combined with a combustion medium and / or combustion air to form a mixture in a mixing process and the mixture for thermal dissociation of those carried in the exhaust gases Pollutants with the addition of thermal Energy is burned, the mixing process taking place in the flow direction of the exhaust gases before the thermal energy is supplied.
  • a device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal post-combustion in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants
  • a mixing chamber housing into which exhaust gases to be burned can be introduced via at least one inlet connection
  • a fuel medium supply unit with which a combustion medium and / or combustion air can be fed into the Mixing chamber housing can be introduced to produce a mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and / or combustion air
  • a reaction chamber housing downstream of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases and with a burner unit arranged in the rear part of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, with which thermal energy can be supplied to the mixture.
  • the mixing process for intimate mixing of the exhaust gases, the combustion medium and / or the combustion air takes place, for example, with mechanical and / or dynamic means in the flow direction of the exhaust gases before the supply of thermal energy for thermal dissociation of the pollutants carried is one Decoupling of the mixing with a necessary impulse given by the specific design and the energy input achieved so that a stable and essentially complete combustion is achieved even with unsteady flow conditions such as changing volume flows with values that change up to a factor of 10.
  • a mixing chamber housing is arranged upstream of the reaction chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases and the burner unit is arranged in the rear part of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, the thermal supply takes place Energy only after the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and / or combustion air has been generated, so that the reaction chamber housing can be designed in terms of flow technology for the subsequent combustion in order to achieve stable combustion even under unsteady flow conditions.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gases is changed continuously during the mixing process. It is furthermore expedient in the method according to the invention that during the mixing process the combustion medium and / or the combustion air is fed at an angle to the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • a particularly good intimate mixing of the exhaust gases with the combustion medium is achieved in a combination of the above-mentioned further developments of the method according to the invention, it also being provided that during the mixing process the flow direction of the exhaust gases is circular and the combustion medium and / or the combustion air with one component is fed in the direction of flow.
  • the combustion medium supply unit has a number of inlet nozzles.
  • the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium is introduced into the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. Accordingly, it is expediently provided, in the case of additional or alternative supply of combustion air, that the Inlet nozzles are designed and arranged so that the combustion air is introduced into the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • a connecting piece is provided between the mixing chamber housing and the reaction chamber housing, by means of which a constriction is created between the mixing chamber housing and the reaction chamber housing by reducing the cross section. This follows a stabilization of the flow into the reaction chamber housing.
  • the connecting piece is oriented at right angles to the or each inlet connection.
  • the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium is introduced into a connecting piece adjoining the mixing chamber in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after a mixing chamber of the mixing chamber housing .
  • the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion air is introduced into a connecting piece adjoining the mixing chamber in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after a mixing chamber of the mixing chamber housing.
  • the device according to the invention expediently provides that the mixing chamber housing surrounds a cylindrical mixing chamber or is designed as a bent tube.
  • the or each inlet connection tangentially into the mixing chamber housing opens in order to obtain effective mixing by flow deflection with the least possible turbulence.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing attached to a reaction chamber housing,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through the mixing chamber housing of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mixing chamber housing of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the mixing chamber housing open and
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a partially sectioned perspective view, a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing attached to a reaction chamber housing according to FIG. 1.
  • reaction chamber housing 1 shows a partially sectioned perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing 2 attached to a reaction chamber housing 1.
  • the reaction chamber housing 1 and the mixing chamber housing 2 are, for example, an electric arc furnace (not shown in FIG. 1) of a metal scrap melting system for exhaust gas purification subordinated by means of thermal afterburning.
  • the exhaust gases to be cleaned are an inlet port 3 in the illustrated embodiment with here rectangular, in embodiments not shown with a polygonal or round cross section via a mixing chamber inlet opening 4 can be fed to a mixing chamber 5 enclosed by the mixing chamber housing 2.
  • the mixing chamber housing 2 is provided on the inside with a refractory, abrasion-resistant mixing chamber lining 6 extending in the inlet connection 3 due to the possibly very high temperature of the supplied exhaust gases and the fine-grained solids carried therein in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, and to form a cylindrical mixing chamber 5 composed of a flat mixing chamber cover 7, a cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8 and a mixing chamber base 9.
  • a number of fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 are introduced into the mixing chamber wall 8 as inlet nozzles of a fuel medium supply unit, with which a mixture of combustion air and a fuel medium is regulated into the pressure under pressure from storage containers (not shown in FIG. 1) via a control unit (also not shown in FIG. 1) Mixing chamber 5 can be fed.
  • the inlet connection 3 opens tangentially into the mixing chamber housing 2, so that the exhaust gases supplied are guided past the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 with flow deflection along the inside of the mixing chamber wall 8. The exhaust gases are thoroughly mixed with the mixture of the combustion medium and the combustion air fed via the combustion medium mixing nozzles 10 of the mixing chamber 5.
  • the composition of the mixture of combustion medium and combustion air which can be set for the necessary sizes by means of the detection means and control means (not shown in FIG. 1) depends on the proportion of the oxygen carried in the exhaust gases and the temperature of the exhaust gases. If there is too little oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion and the temperature of the exhaust gases is too low, both the combustion medium and the combustion air become a mixture fed. If there is already enough oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion, but the temperature of the exhaust gases is too low, the mixture in a first degenerate composition consists only of the combustion medium. If there is too little oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion, but the temperature of the exhaust gases is sufficiently high, the mixture in a second degenerate composition consists only of combustion air.
  • the mixing chamber cover 9 opposite the mixing chamber cover 7 has a central mixing chamber outlet opening 11, to which a connecting pipe 12 is attached as a connecting piece at right angles to the inlet connection 3 and thus to the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • a pilot burner 16 is provided as the burner unit, which is attached centrally to the mixing chamber cover 7, passes through the mixing chamber 5 with a jacketed pilot burner neck 17 and ends in the region of the outlet opening 11.
  • a pilot burner head 18 of the pilot burner 16 located outside the mixing chamber 5 a pilot burner medium can be supplied which is flammable in the pilot burner neck 17, so that the mixture of combustion medium and combustion air which can be supplied via the combustion medium mixing nozzles 10 and is intimately mixed with the exhaust gases is ignitable.
  • Narrow passage 15 of relatively high speed expands the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air for post-combustion with thermally induced dissociation from the Exhaust gases containing gaseous pollutants such as dioxins and furans into the reaction chamber 14 enclosed by the reaction chamber housing 1, which is formed by a dome-like reaction chamber cover 19 attached to the connecting pipe 12, a cylindrical reaction chamber wall 20 and a curved reaction chamber floor 21 arranged opposite the reaction chamber cover 19.
  • the dimensions of the mixing chamber housing 2 and in particular that of the reaction chamber housing 1 provided with a refractory reaction chamber lining 22, while optimizing the flow conditions there, are set up independently of the generation of the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air in the mixing chamber 5 that has also been carried out so that changing flow conditions with changes in the volume flows, the temperatures or the pollutant loads over a period of at least 1.5 seconds with a stable combustion a temperature of at least 1000 degrees Celsius is maintained.
  • the reaction chamber base 21 has a central reaction chamber outlet opening 23, to which an outlet nozzle 24 is attached.
  • the outlet port 24 opens into a dust outlet pipe 25 from which solid combustion residues can be removed.
  • an exhaust pipe 26 is attached to the outlet port 24, from which the post-burned exhaust gases can be removed with a vacuum under the action of the exhaust pipe 26, while the exhaust gases to be cleaned can be supplied via the inlet port 3 with a certain excess pressure relative to the outlet port 24.
  • the exhaust pipe 26 can be flanged to a post-cooling and post-cleaning arrangement, not shown in FIG. 1, with which the exhaust gases can be rapidly cooled to temperatures of less than 300 degrees Celsius to prevent recombination of the dissociated exhaust gas molecules to form pollutants and after the final cleaning of solid ones Pollutants can be fed to a clean gas fireplace with mixing with essentially pollutant-free gases.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through the mixing chamber housing 2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 are arranged approximately centrally on the cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8. 2 that the pilot burner neck 17 extends from the mixing chamber cover 7 through the mixing chamber 5 into the region of the narrow guide 15 and is open approximately in the region of the attachment of the connecting tube 12 to the mixing chamber floor 9, so that after entry of the intimate mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air, combustion is generally used in this area.
  • the flow rate of the mixture is relatively high in this area, so that even with relatively small pressure differences between the inlet nozzle 3 and the outlet nozzle 24 or with relatively low volume flows, stable combustion takes place, especially in the flow chamber 14 optimized for this in terms of flow technology .
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the mixing chamber housing 2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 with the mixing chamber cover 7 open. From FIG. 3 it can be seen particularly clearly that the inlet connector 3 is attached tangentially to the mixing chamber housing 2, so that through the mixing chamber inlet opening 4 Exhaust gases entering the mixing chamber 5 spiral past the internal wall of the cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8 past the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 and are deflected in the direction of the mixing chamber outlet opening 11 at right angles to the original flow direction.
  • Fig. 3 they are, for example, as parallel tube nozzles
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a partially sectioned perspective view, a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing 2 attached to a reaction chamber housing 1 according to FIG. 1, corresponding components being given the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 4 and in the following are not explained in more detail.
  • the inside of the cover and the inside of the inlet connection 3, the inside of the mixing chamber cover 7 and the inside of the mixing chamber wall 8 of the mixing chamber housing 2 according to FIG. 4 are lined with adjacent cooling tubes 30, in which a cooling medium can be passed.
  • the bottom inside of the inlet connector 3 and the inside of the mixing chamber bottom 9 are also provided with the refractory mixing chamber lining 6.
  • This exemplary embodiment is distinguished by a relatively low thermal load on the outer sides of the mixing chamber housing 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning waste gases by thermal afterburning, especially waste gases containing pollutants from scrap metal melting facilities, wherein a mixing chamber housing (2) is provided in which the waste gas to be burned can be introduced through at least one inlet coupling (3). A combustion medium and/or combustion air can be introduced into the mixing chamber housing (2) with a combustion medium feed unit (10) by generating a mixture of waste gas, combustion medium and/or combustion air. A reaction chamber housing (1) is disposed downstream from the mixing chamber housing (2) in the direction of flow of the waste gases. A burner unit (16) is also provided in the direction of flow of the waste gases in the back part of the mixing chamber housing (2), which serves to supply thermal energy to the mixture. This embodiment enables thorough mixing of the waste gases, the medium and/or the combustion air before thermal energy for thermal dissociation of the waste gases is supplied so that the reaction chamber housing (2) is optimally designed for stable combustion from the point of view of flow technology.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung Method and device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schad- stoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzanlagen.The invention relates to a method and a device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants.
Bei einem Typ von herkömmlichen, in der Praxis verwendeten Ver- fahren und Vorrichtungen zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischerIn one type of conventional methods and devices used in practice for exhaust gas purification using thermal
Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase vonAfterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from
Metallschrottschmelzanlagen ist zum Herbeiführen einer erzwungenenMetal scrap smelting equipment is forced to bring about
Durchmischung von Abgasen mit einem Brennmedium einMixing of exhaust gases with a combustion medium
Reaktionskammergehäuse vorgesehen, in das ein Einlaufstutzen zur Zufuhr von zu verbrennenden Abgasen mündet. Im Mündungsbereich des Einlaufstutzens in das Reaktionskammergehäuse ist eineReaction chamber housing is provided, into which an inlet port opens for the supply of exhaust gases to be burned. In the mouth area of the inlet nozzle in the reaction chamber housing is one
Brennereinheit vorgesehen, mit der die Abgase mit thermischerBurner unit provided with which the exhaust gases with thermal
Energie zur Dissoziation von in den Abgasen enthaltenen gasförmigenEnergy for the dissociation of gaseous gases contained in the exhaust gases
Schadstoffen beaufschlagt werden, so daß die Durchmischung an den Energieeintrag gekoppelt ist.Pollutants are applied so that the mixing is coupled to the energy input.
Bei einem anderen Typ von herkömmlichen, in der Praxis verwendeten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzanlagen ist ein Reaktionskammergehäuse vorgesehen, in das ein Einlaufstutzen mündet. Eine mehrere Einlaßdüsen aufweisende Brennereinheit zur Zufuhr thermischer Energie ist in Strömungsrichtung vor dem Mündungsbereich des Einlaufstutzens in das Reaktionskammergehäuse angeordnet, wobei mit den Einlaßdüsen ein Brennmedium in die vorbeiströmenden Abgase injiziert wird.In another type of conventional methods and devices used in practice for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, a reaction chamber housing is provided, into which an inlet connection opens. A burner unit for supplying thermal energy, which has a plurality of inlet nozzles, is arranged in the flow direction in front of the mouth region of the inlet connector into the reaction chamber housing, a fuel medium being injected into the exhaust gases flowing past with the inlet nozzles.
Zwar lassen sich mit diesen Typen von Vorrichtungen zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung gasförmige Schad- Stoffen dissoziieren, allerdings ist die Verbrennung insbesondere bei instationären Strömungsverhältnissen verhältnismäßig instabil und unter Umständen in ökologisch nachteiliger weise unvollständig.Although these types of devices for exhaust gas purification can be used to dissociate gaseous pollutants by means of thermal afterburning, the combustion is particularly important unsteady flow conditions are relatively unstable and in some cases in an environmentally disadvantageous manner incomplete.
Aus der DE-U-296 12 352 ist eine Vorrichtung mit einer Brenner- einrichtung zum Betrieb einer Trocknungsanlage insbesondere für Futtermittel bekannt, bei der ein Hauptbrennergehäuse vorgesehen ist. In einem einer Trocknungskammer gegenüberliegenden Endbereich des Hauptbrennergehäuses mündet ein Einlaßstutzen für unter Umständen schadstoffhaltige und/oder feuchtebeladene Prozeßluft. In diesem Endbereich sind an das Hauptbrennergehäuse mittig ein Zündbrenner und ein eine Mischung aus einem Brennmedium und Verbrennungsluft verbrennender Kernbrenner angesetzt, die im Mündungsbereich des Einlaßstutzens in das Hauptbrennergehäuse von Zuführrohren für ein Brennmedium umgeben sind. Dadurch erfolgt eine effektive Durchmischung der Prozeßluft mit dem Brennmedium im Bereich des Kernbrenners. Zusammen mit einer in einer Trocknungskammer angeordneten Pralleinrichtung wird bei dieser Anordnung eine hohe Trocknungskapazität bei effizientem Energieeinsatz und geringer Schadstoffemission erzielt.DE-U-296 12 352 discloses a device with a burner device for operating a drying system, in particular for animal feed, in which a main burner housing is provided. In an end region of the main burner housing opposite a drying chamber, an inlet connection opens for process air which may contain pollutants and / or is laden with moisture. In this end region, a pilot burner and a core burner which burns a mixture of a combustion medium and combustion air are attached to the center of the main burner housing and are surrounded by feed pipes for a combustion medium in the region of the mouth of the inlet connection piece into the main burner housing. This effectively mixes the process air with the combustion medium in the area of the core burner. Together with a baffle device arranged in a drying chamber, this arrangement achieves a high drying capacity with efficient use of energy and low pollutant emissions.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzanlagen zu schaffen, die sich auch bei instationären Strömungs- Verhältnissen durch eine stabile und weitgehend vollständige Verbrennung auszeichnen.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal post-combustion, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, which are characterized by stable and largely complete combustion even under unsteady flow conditions.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit einem Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzaniagen, bei dem zu verbrennende Abgase mit einem Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft in einem Mischvorgang zu einer Mischung zusammengeführt werden und die Mischung zur thermischen Dissoziation von in den Abgasen mitgeführten Schadstoffen unter Zufuhr von thermischer Energie verbrannt wird, wobei der Mischvorgang in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase vor Zufuhr der thermischen Energie erfolgt.This object is achieved according to the invention with a method for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, in which exhaust gases to be burned are combined with a combustion medium and / or combustion air to form a mixture in a mixing process and the mixture for thermal dissociation of those carried in the exhaust gases Pollutants with the addition of thermal Energy is burned, the mixing process taking place in the flow direction of the exhaust gases before the thermal energy is supplied.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit einer Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzanlagen mit einem Mischkammergehäuse, in das über wenigstens einen Einlaufstutzen zu verbrennende Abgase einleitbar sind, mit einer Brenn- mediumzuführeinheit, mit der ein Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft in das Mischkammergehäuse unter Erzeugung einer Mischung aus Abgasen, Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft einführbar ist, mit einem in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase dem Mischkammergehäuse nachgeordneten Reaktionskammergehäuse und mit einer in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase im hinteren Teil des Mischkammergehäuses angeordneten Brennereinheit, mit der der Mischung thermische Energie zuführbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention with a device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal post-combustion, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants with a mixing chamber housing into which exhaust gases to be burned can be introduced via at least one inlet connection, with a fuel medium supply unit with which a combustion medium and / or combustion air can be fed into the Mixing chamber housing can be introduced to produce a mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and / or combustion air, with a reaction chamber housing downstream of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases and with a burner unit arranged in the rear part of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, with which thermal energy can be supplied to the mixture.
Dadurch, daß bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Mischvorgang zur innigen Durchmischung der Abgase, des Brennmediums und/oder der Verbrennungsluft beispielsweise mit mechanischen und/oder dynamischen Mitteln in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase vor der Zufuhr der thermischen Energie zur thermischen Dissoziation der mitgeführten Schadstoffe erfolgt, ist eine Entkopplung der Durchmischung mit einem hierfür notwendigen, durch die spezifische konstruktive Ausführung gegebenen Impuls und des Energieeintrags erzielt, so daß auch bei instationären Strömungsverhältnissen wie beispielsweise wechselnden Volumenströmen mit bis zu einem Faktor 10 wechselnden Werten eine stabile und im wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung erzielt wird.The fact that in the method according to the invention the mixing process for intimate mixing of the exhaust gases, the combustion medium and / or the combustion air takes place, for example, with mechanical and / or dynamic means in the flow direction of the exhaust gases before the supply of thermal energy for thermal dissociation of the pollutants carried is one Decoupling of the mixing with a necessary impulse given by the specific design and the energy input achieved so that a stable and essentially complete combustion is achieved even with unsteady flow conditions such as changing volume flows with values that change up to a factor of 10.
Dadurch, daß bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ein in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase dem Reaktionskammergehäuse vorgelagertes Mischkammergehäuse vorgesehen und die Brennereinheit in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase im hinteren Teil des Misch- kammergehäuses angeordnet ist, erfolgt die Zufuhr der thermischen Energie erst nach Erzeugung der Mischung aus Abgasen, Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft, so daß sich das Reaktionskammergehäuse für die nachfolgende Verbrennung strömungstechnisch optimiert auslegen läßt, um auch bei instationären Strömungsverhältnissen eine stabile Verbrennung zu erzielen.Due to the fact that in the device according to the invention a mixing chamber housing is arranged upstream of the reaction chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases and the burner unit is arranged in the rear part of the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, the thermal supply takes place Energy only after the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and / or combustion air has been generated, so that the reaction chamber housing can be designed in terms of flow technology for the subsequent combustion in order to achieve stable combustion even under unsteady flow conditions.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es zweckmäßig, daß bei dem Mischvorgang die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase kontinuierlich geändert wird. Es ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren weiterhin zweckmäßig, daß bei dem Mischvorgang das Brennmedium und/oder die Verbrennungsluft winklig zu der Strömungsrichtung der Abgase zugeführt wird. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird die innige Durchmischung der Abgase mit dem Brennmedium und/oder mit der Verbrennungsluft gefördert.In the method according to the invention, it is expedient that the flow direction of the exhaust gases is changed continuously during the mixing process. It is furthermore expedient in the method according to the invention that during the mixing process the combustion medium and / or the combustion air is fed at an angle to the flow direction of the exhaust gases. These measures promote the intimate mixing of the exhaust gases with the combustion medium and / or with the combustion air.
Eine besonders gute innige Durchmischung der Abgase mit dem Brennmedium wird bei einer Kombination der oben genannten zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erzielt, wobei weiterhin vorgesehen ist, daß bei dem Mischvorgang die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase kreisförmig ist und das Brennmedium und/oder die Verbrennungsluft mit einer Komponente in Strömungsrichtung zugeführt wird.A particularly good intimate mixing of the exhaust gases with the combustion medium is achieved in a combination of the above-mentioned further developments of the method according to the invention, it also being provided that during the mixing process the flow direction of the exhaust gases is circular and the combustion medium and / or the combustion air with one component is fed in the direction of flow.
Für eine innige Durchmischung im gesamten Bereich des Misch- kammergehäuses ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zweckmäßigerweise vorgesehen, daß die Brennmediumzuführeinheit eine Anzahl von Einlaßdüsen aufweist.For intimate mixing in the entire area of the mixing chamber housing, it is expediently provided in the device according to the invention that the combustion medium supply unit has a number of inlet nozzles.
In einer diesbezüglichen Weiterbildung ist im Hinblick auf eine innige Durchmischung bei geringer Erzeugung von Turbulenzen vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, daß die Einlaßdüsen so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß das Brennmedium in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase in das Mischkammergehäuse eingeführt wird. Entsprechend ist zweckmäßigerweise bei zusätzlicher oder alternativer Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft in das Mischkammergehäuse vorgesehen, daß die Einlaßdüsen so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß die Verbrennungsluft in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase in das Mischkammergehäuse eingeführt wird.In a related development, in view of an intimate mixing with little turbulence generation, it is advantageously provided that the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium is introduced into the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. Accordingly, it is expediently provided, in the case of additional or alternative supply of combustion air, that the Inlet nozzles are designed and arranged so that the combustion air is introduced into the mixing chamber housing in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
Zweckmäßig ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weiterhin, daß zwischen dem Mischkammergehäuse und dem Reaktionskammergehäuse ein Verbindungsstück vorgesehen ist, mit dem zwischen dem Mischkammergehäuse und dem Reaktionskammergehäuse über eine Querschnittsverringerung eine Engführung erzeugt ist. Dadurch verfolgt eine Stabilisierung der Strömung in das Reaktionskammergehäuse. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung kann zur weiteren Verbesserung der Durchmischung durch Strömungsumlenkung vorteilhafterweise weiterhin vorgesehen sein, daß das Verbindungsstück rechtwinklig zu dem oder jedem Einlaufstutzen ausgerichtet ist.It is also expedient in the device according to the invention that a connecting piece is provided between the mixing chamber housing and the reaction chamber housing, by means of which a constriction is created between the mixing chamber housing and the reaction chamber housing by reducing the cross section. This follows a stabilization of the flow into the reaction chamber housing. In this embodiment, to further improve the mixing by flow deflection, it can advantageously be further provided that the connecting piece is oriented at right angles to the or each inlet connection.
in einer diesbezüglichen Weiterbildung ist im Hinblick auf eine innige Durchmischung bei geringer Erzeugung von Turbulenzen vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, daß die Einlaßdüsen so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß das Brennmedium in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase nach einer Mischkammer des Mischkammergehäuses in ein sich an die Mischkammer anschließendes Verbindungsstück eingeführt wird. Entsprechend ist zweckmäßigerweise bei zusätzlicher oder alternativer Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft vorgesehen, daß die Einlaßdüsen so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß die Ver- brennungsluft in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase nach einer Mischkammer des Mischkammergehäuses in ein sich an die Mischkammer anschließendes Verbindungsstück eingeführt wird.In a related development, in view of an intimate mixing with little turbulence generation, it is advantageously provided that the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium is introduced into a connecting piece adjoining the mixing chamber in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after a mixing chamber of the mixing chamber housing . Correspondingly, in the case of additional or alternative supply of combustion air, it is appropriately provided that the inlet nozzles are designed and arranged such that the combustion air is introduced into a connecting piece adjoining the mixing chamber in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after a mixing chamber of the mixing chamber housing.
Im Hinblick auf definierte Strömungsverhältnisse bei effizienter Durch- mischung ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zweckmäßigerweise vorgesehen, daß das Mischkammergehäuse eine zylindrisch ausgebildete Mischkammer umschließt oder als ein gebogenes Rohr ausgebildet ist. Bei diesen Ausgestaltungen ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, daß der oder jeder Einlaufstutzen tangential in das Mischkammer- gehäuse mündet, um eine durch Strömungsumlenkung effektive Durchmischung bei möglichst geringen Turbulenzen zu erhalten.With regard to defined flow conditions with efficient mixing, the device according to the invention expediently provides that the mixing chamber housing surrounds a cylindrical mixing chamber or is designed as a bent tube. In these configurations, it is also advantageous that the or each inlet connection tangentially into the mixing chamber housing opens in order to obtain effective mixing by flow deflection with the least possible turbulence.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegen- stand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung. Es zeigen:Further expedient refinements of the invention are the subject of the subclaims and the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures of the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 in einer teilgeschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem an einem Reaktionskammergehäuse angebrachten Mischkammergehäuse,1 is a partially sectioned perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing attached to a reaction chamber housing,
Fig. 2 eine Schnittansicht durch das Mischkammergehäuse des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1 ,2 shows a sectional view through the mixing chamber housing of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf das Mischkammergehäuse des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1 bei geöffnetem Mischkammergehäuse undFig. 3 is a plan view of the mixing chamber housing of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the mixing chamber housing open and
Fig. 4 in einer teilgeschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem an einem Reaktionskammergehäuse gemäß Fig. 1 angebrachten Mischkammer- gehäuse.FIG. 4 shows, in a partially sectioned perspective view, a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing attached to a reaction chamber housing according to FIG. 1.
Fig. 1 zeigt in einer teilgeschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem an einem Reaktionskammergehäuse 1 angebrachten Mischkammer- gehäuse 2. Das Reaktionskammergehäuse 1 und das Mischkammergehäuse 2 sind im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch beispielsweise einem in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Elektrolichtbogenofen einer Metallschrottschmelzanlage zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung nachgeordnet. Die zu reinigenden Abgase sind über in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Einlaßstutzen 3 mit hier rechteckigem, in nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen mit vieleckigem oder rundem Querschnitt über eine Mischkammereinlaßöffnung 4 einer von dem Mischkammergehäuse 2 umschlossenen Mischkammer 5 zuführbar. Das Mischkammer- gehäuse 2 ist aufgrund der unter Umständen sehr hohen Temperatur der zugeführten Abgase sowie darin mitgeführter feinkörniger Feststoffe bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 innenseitig mit einer feuerfesten, abriebsharten sowie sich in den Einlaßstutzen 3 erstreckenden Mischkammerauskleidung 6 versehen und zur Aus- bildung einer zylindrischen Mischkammer 5 aus einem flachen Mischkammerdeckel 7, einer zylindrischen Mischkammerwand 8 und einem Mischkammerboden 9 aufgebaut.1 shows a partially sectioned perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing 2 attached to a reaction chamber housing 1. In the intended use, the reaction chamber housing 1 and the mixing chamber housing 2 are, for example, an electric arc furnace (not shown in FIG. 1) of a metal scrap melting system for exhaust gas purification subordinated by means of thermal afterburning. The exhaust gases to be cleaned are an inlet port 3 in the illustrated embodiment with here rectangular, in embodiments not shown with a polygonal or round cross section via a mixing chamber inlet opening 4 can be fed to a mixing chamber 5 enclosed by the mixing chamber housing 2. The mixing chamber housing 2 is provided on the inside with a refractory, abrasion-resistant mixing chamber lining 6 extending in the inlet connection 3 due to the possibly very high temperature of the supplied exhaust gases and the fine-grained solids carried therein in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, and to form a cylindrical mixing chamber 5 composed of a flat mixing chamber cover 7, a cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8 and a mixing chamber base 9.
In die Mischkammerwand 8 sind eine Anzahl von Brennmediummisch- düsen 10 als Einlaßdüsen einer Brennmediumzuführeinheit eingebracht, mit denen unter Druck aus in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Vorratsbehältern über eine in Fig. 1 ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Regeleinheit geregelt ein Gemisch aus Verbrennungsluft sowie einem Brennmedium in die Mischkammer 5 zuführbar ist. Der Einlaufstutzen 3 mündet tangential in das Mischkammergehäuse 2, so daß die zugeführten Abgase entlang der Innenseite der Mischkammerwand 8 unter Strömungsumlenkung an den Brennmediummischdüsen 10 vorbeigeführt werden. Dabei erfolgt eine innige Durchmischung der Abgase mit dem über die Brennmediummischdüsen 10 der Misch- kammer 5 eingespeisten Gemisch des Brennmediums und der Verbrennungsluft.A number of fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 are introduced into the mixing chamber wall 8 as inlet nozzles of a fuel medium supply unit, with which a mixture of combustion air and a fuel medium is regulated into the pressure under pressure from storage containers (not shown in FIG. 1) via a control unit (also not shown in FIG. 1) Mixing chamber 5 can be fed. The inlet connection 3 opens tangentially into the mixing chamber housing 2, so that the exhaust gases supplied are guided past the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 with flow deflection along the inside of the mixing chamber wall 8. The exhaust gases are thoroughly mixed with the mixture of the combustion medium and the combustion air fed via the combustion medium mixing nozzles 10 of the mixing chamber 5.
Die über die Regeleinheit mit in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Detektions- mitteln und Regelmitteln für die notwendigen Größen einstellbare Zusammensetzung des Gemisches aus Brennmedium und Verbrennungsluft hängt von dem Anteil des in den Abgasen mitgeführten Sauerstoffs sowie der Temperatur der Abgase ab. Ist in den Abgasen für eine im wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung zu wenig Sauerstoff vorhanden und ist die Temperatur der Abgase zu niedrig, wird sowohl Brennmedium als auch Verbrennungsluft als Gemisch zugeführt. Ist in den Abgasen bereits genügend Sauerstoff für eine in wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung vorhanden, wobei jedoch die Temperatur der Abgase zu niedrig ist, besteht das Gemisch in einer ersten entarteten Zusammensetzung lediglich aus dem Brennmedium. Ist in den Abgasen für eine im wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung zu wenig Sauerstoff vorhanden, ist die Temperatur der Abgase jedoch ausreichend hoch, besteht das Gemisch in einer zweiten entarteten Zusammensetzung lediglich aus Verbrennungsluft.The composition of the mixture of combustion medium and combustion air which can be set for the necessary sizes by means of the detection means and control means (not shown in FIG. 1) depends on the proportion of the oxygen carried in the exhaust gases and the temperature of the exhaust gases. If there is too little oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion and the temperature of the exhaust gases is too low, both the combustion medium and the combustion air become a mixture fed. If there is already enough oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion, but the temperature of the exhaust gases is too low, the mixture in a first degenerate composition consists only of the combustion medium. If there is too little oxygen in the exhaust gases for essentially complete combustion, but the temperature of the exhaust gases is sufficiently high, the mixture in a second degenerate composition consists only of combustion air.
Der dem Mischkammerdeckel 7 gegenüberliegende Mischkammerboden 9 weist eine mittige Mischkammerauslaßöffnung 11 auf, an die als Verbindungsstück ein rechtwinklig zu dem Einlaßstutzen 3 und damit zu der Strömungsrichtung der Abgase ausgerichtetes Verbindungsrohr 12 angesetzt ist. Das mit einer feuerfesten Ver- bindungsrohrauskleidung 13 versehene Verbindungsrohr 12 mündet in eine von dem Reaktionskammergehäuse 1 umschlossene Reaktionskammer 14 und weist unter Ausbildung einer Engführung 15 einen gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Mischkammergehäuses 2 sowie des Reaktionskammergehäuses 1 kleineren Querschnitt auf.The mixing chamber cover 9 opposite the mixing chamber cover 7 has a central mixing chamber outlet opening 11, to which a connecting pipe 12 is attached as a connecting piece at right angles to the inlet connection 3 and thus to the flow direction of the exhaust gases. The connecting tube 12, which is provided with a refractory connecting tube lining 13, opens into a reaction chamber 14 enclosed by the reaction chamber housing 1 and, with the formation of a narrow guide 15, has a smaller cross section than the inside diameter of the mixing chamber housing 2 and the reaction chamber housing 1.
Weiterhin ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 ein Zündbrenner 16 als Brennereinheit vorgesehen, der mittig an dem Mischkammerdeckel 7 angebracht ist, mit einem ummantelten Zündbrennerhals 17 durch die Mischkammer 5 durchtritt und im Bereich der Auslaßöffnung 11 endet. Über einen außerhalb der Mischkammer 5 gelegenen Zündbrennerkopf 18 des Zündbrenners 16 ist ein Zündbrennermedium zuführbar, das in dem Zündbrennerhals 17 entflammbar ist, so daß das über die Brennmediummischdüsen 10 zuführbare und innig mit den Abgasen durchmischte Gemisch aus Brennmedium sowie Verbrennungsluft entzündbar ist.1, a pilot burner 16 is provided as the burner unit, which is attached centrally to the mixing chamber cover 7, passes through the mixing chamber 5 with a jacketed pilot burner neck 17 and ends in the region of the outlet opening 11. Via a pilot burner head 18 of the pilot burner 16 located outside the mixing chamber 5, a pilot burner medium can be supplied which is flammable in the pilot burner neck 17, so that the mixture of combustion medium and combustion air which can be supplied via the combustion medium mixing nozzles 10 and is intimately mixed with the exhaust gases is ignitable.
Nach Durchtritt durch das Verbindungsrohr 12 mit aufgrund derAfter passing through the connecting pipe 12 with due to the
Engführung 15 relativ hoher Geschwindigkeit expandiert das Gemisch von Abgasen, Brennmedium und Verbrennungsluft zur Nach- Verbrennung unter thermisch induzierter Dissoziation von in den Abgasen enthaltenen gasförmigen Schadstoffen wie Dioxine und Furane in die von dem Reaktionskammergehäuse 1 umschlossene Reaktionskammer 14, das von einem an das Verbindungsrohr 12 angesetzten, domartig gewölbten Reaktionskammerdeckel 19, einer zylindrischen Reaktionskammerwand 20 und einem dem Reaktionskammerdeckel 19 gegenüberliegend angeordneten gewölbten Reaktionskammerboden 21 gebildet ist. Hierzu sind die Dimensionen des Mischkammergehäuses 2 und insbesondere die des mit einer feuerfesten Reaktionskammerauskleidung 22 versehenen Reaktions- kammergehäuses 1 unter Optimierung der dortigen Strömungsverhältnisse unabhängig von der bereits erfolgten Erzeugung des Gemisches aus Abgasen, Brennmedium sowie Verbrennungsluft in der Mischkammer 5 so eingerichtet, daß auch bei wechselnden Strömungsbedingungen mit Änderungen in den Volumenströmen, den Temperaturen beziehungsweise den Schadstofffrachten über eine Zeit von wenigstens 1 ,5 Sekunden bei einer stabilen Verbrennung eine Temperatur von wenigstens 1000 Grad Celsius aufrechterhalten wird.Narrow passage 15 of relatively high speed expands the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air for post-combustion with thermally induced dissociation from the Exhaust gases containing gaseous pollutants such as dioxins and furans into the reaction chamber 14 enclosed by the reaction chamber housing 1, which is formed by a dome-like reaction chamber cover 19 attached to the connecting pipe 12, a cylindrical reaction chamber wall 20 and a curved reaction chamber floor 21 arranged opposite the reaction chamber cover 19. For this purpose, the dimensions of the mixing chamber housing 2 and in particular that of the reaction chamber housing 1 provided with a refractory reaction chamber lining 22, while optimizing the flow conditions there, are set up independently of the generation of the mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air in the mixing chamber 5 that has also been carried out so that changing flow conditions with changes in the volume flows, the temperatures or the pollutant loads over a period of at least 1.5 seconds with a stable combustion a temperature of at least 1000 degrees Celsius is maintained.
Der Reaktionskammerboden 21 weist eine mittige Reaktionskammer- auslaßöffnung 23 auf, an die ein Auslaßstutzen 24 angesetzt ist. Der Auslaßstutzen 24 mündet in ein Staubauslaßrohr 25, aus dem feste Verbrennungsrückstände abführbar sind. Weiterhin ist an den Auslaßstutzen 24 ein Abluftrohr 26 angefügt, aus dem die nachverbrannten Abgase unter Beaufschlagung des Abluftrohrs 26 mit Unterdruck abführbar sind, während die zu reinigenden Abgase über den Einlaßstutzen 3 mit einem gewissen Überdruck gegenüber dem Auslaßstutzen 24 zuführbar sind.The reaction chamber base 21 has a central reaction chamber outlet opening 23, to which an outlet nozzle 24 is attached. The outlet port 24 opens into a dust outlet pipe 25 from which solid combustion residues can be removed. Furthermore, an exhaust pipe 26 is attached to the outlet port 24, from which the post-burned exhaust gases can be removed with a vacuum under the action of the exhaust pipe 26, while the exhaust gases to be cleaned can be supplied via the inlet port 3 with a certain excess pressure relative to the outlet port 24.
Das Abluftrohr 26 ist an eine in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Nachkühl- und Nachreinigungsanordnung anflanschbar, mit der die Abgase zur Unterbindung einer Rekombination der dissoziierten Abgasmoleküle zu Schadstoffen schnell auf Temperaturen von weniger als 300 Grad Celsius abkühlbar und nach abschließender Reinigung von festen Schadstoffen unter Durchmischung mit im wesentlichen schadstofffreien Gasen einem Reingaskamin zuführbar sind.The exhaust pipe 26 can be flanged to a post-cooling and post-cleaning arrangement, not shown in FIG. 1, with which the exhaust gases can be rapidly cooled to temperatures of less than 300 degrees Celsius to prevent recombination of the dissociated exhaust gas molecules to form pollutants and after the final cleaning of solid ones Pollutants can be fed to a clean gas fireplace with mixing with essentially pollutant-free gases.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schnittansicht durch das Mischkammergehäuse 2 des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1. Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, daß die Brennmediummischdüsen 10 im etwa mittig an der zylindrischen Mischkammerwand 8 angeordnet sind. Weiterhin läßt sich Fig. 2 entnehmen, daß sich der Zündbrennerhals 17 von dem Mischkammerdeckel 7 durch die Mischkammer 5 bis in den Bereich der Engführung 15 erstreckt und in etwa im Bereich des Ansatzes des Verbindungsrohrs 12 an den Mischkammerboden 9 geöffnet ist, so daß nach Eintritt des innigen Gemisches von Abgasen, Brennmedium sowie Verbrennungsluft die Verbrennung in der Regel in diesem Bereich einsetzt. Durch die Ausbildung der Engführung 15 ist in diesem Bereich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gemisches verhältnismäßig hoch, so daß auch bei verhältnismäßig geringen Druckunterschieden zwischen dem Einlaßstutzen 3 und dem Auslaßstutzen 24 oder bei verhältnismäßig geringen Volumenströmen eine stabile Verbrennung vor allem in der hierfür strömungstechnisch optimierten Reaktionskammer 14 erfolgt.FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through the mixing chamber housing 2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 are arranged approximately centrally on the cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8. 2 that the pilot burner neck 17 extends from the mixing chamber cover 7 through the mixing chamber 5 into the region of the narrow guide 15 and is open approximately in the region of the attachment of the connecting tube 12 to the mixing chamber floor 9, so that after entry of the intimate mixture of exhaust gases, combustion medium and combustion air, combustion is generally used in this area. Due to the formation of the narrow guide 15, the flow rate of the mixture is relatively high in this area, so that even with relatively small pressure differences between the inlet nozzle 3 and the outlet nozzle 24 or with relatively low volume flows, stable combustion takes place, especially in the flow chamber 14 optimized for this in terms of flow technology .
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Mischkammergehäuse 2 des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1 bei geöffnetem Mischkammerdeckel 7. Aus Fig. 3 ist besonders deutlich erkennbar, daß der Ein- laufstutzen 3 tangential an das Mischkammergehäuse 2 angesetzt ist, so daß durch die Mischkammereinlaßöffnung 4 in die Mischkammer 5 eintretende Abgase spiralförmig an der Innenwand der zylindrisch ausgebildeten Mischkammerwand 8 an den Brennmediummischdüsen 10 vorbeistreichen und in Richtung der Mischkammerauslaßöffnung 11 rechtwinklig zu der ursprünglichen Strömungsrichtung umgelenkt werden.3 shows a top view of the mixing chamber housing 2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 with the mixing chamber cover 7 open. From FIG. 3 it can be seen particularly clearly that the inlet connector 3 is attached tangentially to the mixing chamber housing 2, so that through the mixing chamber inlet opening 4 Exhaust gases entering the mixing chamber 5 spiral past the internal wall of the cylindrical mixing chamber wall 8 past the fuel medium mixing nozzles 10 and are deflected in the direction of the mixing chamber outlet opening 11 at right angles to the original flow direction.
Wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt sind die beispielsweise als ParallelrohrdüsenAs shown in Fig. 3, they are, for example, as parallel tube nozzles
27 mit nebeneinanderliegenden, zueinander parallelen Zuführrohren für die mittels der nicht dargestellten Regeleinheit auf eine stabile Verbrennung mit den oben genannten Randwerten geregelte Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft und Brennmedium, als Doppelrohrdüsen 28 mit ineinanderliegenden Zuführrohren oder als Schrägrohrdüsen 29 mit spitzwinklig zueinander ausgerichteten Zuführrohren ausgebildete Brennmediummischdüsen 10 vorzugsweise so ausgerichtet, daß die Verbrennungsluft und das Brennmedium mit einem gewissen Winkel in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase eingeführt werden, um bei Vermeidung von insbesondere bei geringen Volumenströmen nachteiligen Turbulenzen eine gute Durchmischung von Abgasen, Brenn- medium und Verbrennungsluft zu erhalten.27 with side-by-side, mutually parallel feed pipes for the stable by means of the control unit, not shown Combustion with the above-mentioned boundary values regulated supply of combustion air and combustion medium, double-tube nozzles 28 with feed tubes lying one inside the other or inclined-tube nozzles 29 with feed tubes configured at acute angles to one another, preferably aligned such that the combustion air and the combustion medium are introduced at a certain angle in the flow direction of the exhaust gases are used in order to obtain a thorough mixing of exhaust gases, fuel medium and combustion air while avoiding turbulence, particularly with low volume flows.
Fig. 4 zeigt in einer teilgeschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem an einem Reaktionskammergehäuse 1 gemäß Fig. 1 an- gebrachten Mischkammergehäuse 2, wobei sich in Fig. 1 und Fig. 4 entsprechende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und im weiteren nicht näher erläutert sind. Die deckseitige Innenseite sowie die seitlichen Innenseiten des Einlaßstutzens 3, die Innenseite des Mischkammerdeckels 7 sowie die Innenseite der Mischkammerwand 8 des Mischkammergehäuses 2 gemäß Fig. 4 sind mit aneinander- grenzenden Kühlrohren 30 ausgekleidet, in denen ein Kühlmedium durchleitbar ist. Die bodenseitige Innenseite des Einlaßstutzens 3 sowie die Innenseite des Mischkammerbodens 9 sind weiterhin mit der feuerfesten Mischkammerauskleidung 6 versehen. Dieses Aus- führungsbeispiel zeichnet sich durch eine verhältnismäßig geringe thermische Belastung an den Außenseiten des Mischkammergehäuses 2 aus. FIG. 4 shows, in a partially sectioned perspective view, a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mixing chamber housing 2 attached to a reaction chamber housing 1 according to FIG. 1, corresponding components being given the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 4 and in the following are not explained in more detail. The inside of the cover and the inside of the inlet connection 3, the inside of the mixing chamber cover 7 and the inside of the mixing chamber wall 8 of the mixing chamber housing 2 according to FIG. 4 are lined with adjacent cooling tubes 30, in which a cooling medium can be passed. The bottom inside of the inlet connector 3 and the inside of the mixing chamber bottom 9 are also provided with the refractory mixing chamber lining 6. This exemplary embodiment is distinguished by a relatively low thermal load on the outer sides of the mixing chamber housing 2.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nach- Verbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von1. Process for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular exhaust gases containing pollutants
Metallschrottschmelzanlagen, bei dem zu verbrennende Abgase mit einem Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft in einem Mischvorgang zu einer Mischung zusammengeführt werden und die Mischung zur thermischen Dissoziation von in den Abgasen mitgeführten Schadstoffen unter Zufuhr von thermischer Energie verbrannt wird, wobei der Mischvorgang in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase vor Zufuhr der thermischen Energie erfolgt.Metal scrap melting systems in which the exhaust gases to be burned are combined with a combustion medium and / or combustion air to form a mixture in a mixing process and the mixture is burned for thermal dissociation of pollutants carried in the exhaust gases with the supply of thermal energy, the mixing process being in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases Thermal energy is supplied.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei dem Mischvorgang die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase kontinuierlich geändert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow direction of the exhaust gases is changed continuously in the mixing process.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei dem Mischvorgang das Brennmedium und/oder die3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the mixing process, the combustion medium and / or the
Verbrennungsluft winklig zu der Strömungsrichtung der Abgase zugeführt wird.Combustion air is fed at an angle to the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei dem Mischvorgang die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase kreisförmig ist und das Brennmedium und/oder die Verbrennungsluft mit einer Komponente in Strömungsrichtung zugeführt wird.4. The method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that in the mixing process, the flow direction of the exhaust gases is circular and the combustion medium and / or the combustion air is supplied with a component in the flow direction.
5. Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mittels thermischer Nachverbrennung insbesondere schadstoffhaltiger Abgase von Metallschrottschmelzanlagen, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit einem Mischkammergehäuse (2), in das über wenigstens einen Einlaufstutzen (3) zu verbrennende Abgase einleitbar sind, mit einer Brennmediumzuführeinheit (10), mit der ein Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft in das Mischkammergehäuse (2) unter Erzeugung einer Mischung aus Abgasen, Brennmedium und/oder Verbrennungsluft einführ- bar ist, mit einem in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase dem5. Device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning, in particular pollutant-containing exhaust gases from metal scrap melting plants, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 4, with a mixing chamber housing (2) into which the exhaust gases to be burned can be introduced via at least one inlet connection (3) with a fuel medium supply unit (10), with which a fuel medium and / or combustion air can be introduced into the mixing chamber housing (2) to produce a mixture of exhaust gases, fuel medium and / or combustion air, with one in the flow direction of the exhaust gases
Mischkammergehäuse (2) nachgeordneten Reaktionskammergehäuse (1) und mit einer in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase im hinteren Teil des Mischkammergehäuses (2) angeordneten Brennereinheit (16), mit der der Mischung thermische Energie zuführbar ist.Mixing chamber housing (2) downstream reaction chamber housing (1) and with a burner unit (16) arranged in the flow direction of the exhaust gases in the rear part of the mixing chamber housing (2), with which thermal energy can be supplied to the mixture.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennmediumzuführeinheit eine Anzahl von Einlaßdüsen (10) aufweist.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the fuel supply unit has a number of inlet nozzles (10).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßdüsen (10) so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß das Brennmedium in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase in das Mischkammergehäuse (2) eingeführt wird.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the inlet nozzles (10) are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium is introduced into the mixing chamber housing (2) in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßdüsen (10) so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß die Verbrennungsluft in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase in das Mischkammergehäuse (2) ein- geführt wird.8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the inlet nozzles (10) are designed and arranged so that the combustion air is introduced into the mixing chamber housing (2) in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Mischkammergehäuse (2) und dem Reaktionskammergehäuse (1) ein Verbindungs- stück (12) vorgesehen ist, mit dem zwischen dem Mischkammergehäuse (2) und dem Reaktionskammergehäuse (1 ) über eine Querschnittsverringerung eine Engführung (15) erzeugt ist. 9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that between the mixing chamber housing (2) and the reaction chamber housing (1) a connecting piece (12) is provided, with which between the mixing chamber housing (2) and the reaction chamber housing (1 ) a narrow guide (15) is generated by reducing the cross section.
10. Vorπchtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungsstück (12) rechtwinklig zu dem oder jedem Einlaufstutzen (3) ausgerichtet ist.10. Vorπchtung according to claim 9, characterized in that the connecting piece (12) is aligned at right angles to the or each inlet connector (3).
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßdüsen (10) so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß das Brennmedium in Strömungsrichtung der Abgase nach einer Mischkammer (5) des Mischkammergehäuses (2) in ein sich an die Mischkammer (5) an- schließendes Verbindungsstück (12) eingeführt wird.11. The device according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that the inlet nozzles (10) are designed and arranged such that the combustion medium in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after a mixing chamber (5) of the mixing chamber housing (2) in a itself to the mixing chamber ( 5) connecting piece (12) is inserted.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßdüsen (10) so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, daß die Verbrennungsluft in Strömungs- richtung nach Abgase nach einer Mischkammer (5) des12. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the inlet nozzles (10) are designed and arranged so that the combustion air in the direction of flow for exhaust gases after a mixing chamber (5) of
Mischkammergehäuses (2) in ein sich an die Mischkammer (5) anschließendes Verbindungsstück (12) eingeführt wird.Mixing chamber housing (2) is inserted into a connecting piece (12) adjoining the mixing chamber (5).
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mischkammergehäuse (2) eine zylindrisch ausgebildete Mischkammer (5) umschließt.13. Device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the mixing chamber housing (2) encloses a cylindrically shaped mixing chamber (5).
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mischkammergehäuse (2) als ein gebogenes Rohr ausgebildet ist.14. Device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the mixing chamber housing (2) is designed as a bent tube.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13 oder Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der oder jeder Einlaufstutzen (3) tangential in das Mischkammergehäuse (2) mündet. 15. The apparatus according to claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that the or each inlet connection (3) opens tangentially into the mixing chamber housing (2).
EP99939919A 1998-08-25 1999-06-17 Method and device for cleaning waste gases by thermal afterburning Expired - Lifetime EP1108186B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19838473 1998-08-25
DE19838473A DE19838473C2 (en) 1998-08-25 1998-08-25 Method and device for exhaust gas purification by means of thermal afterburning
PCT/DE1999/001808 WO2000011406A1 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-06-17 Method and device for cleaning waste gases by thermal afterburning

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EP1108186A1 true EP1108186A1 (en) 2001-06-20
EP1108186B1 EP1108186B1 (en) 2003-01-22

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EP (1) EP1108186B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE231601T1 (en)
DE (1) DE19838473C2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2000011406A1 (en)

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US7125469B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2006-10-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Temporary wet strength resins
US7259218B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2007-08-21 The Procter + Gamble Company Processes for making temporary wet strength additives

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3660045A (en) * 1970-02-20 1972-05-02 Intercontinental Environmental Smoke clarifier
US4154567A (en) * 1977-01-07 1979-05-15 Continental Carbon Company Method and apparatus for the combustion of waste gases
AT388989B (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-09-25 Klosterer Manfred Ing Method and burner for the disposal of fluids
AT390206B (en) * 1988-04-22 1990-04-10 Howorka Franz DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL DISASSEMBLY OF FLUID POLLUTANTS
US5088424A (en) * 1990-06-26 1992-02-18 White Horse Technologies, Inc. Pollution control apparatus and method for pollution control
DE19608796C2 (en) * 1996-03-07 2003-02-06 Keu Gmbh Method and device for thermal cleaning of an oxygen-containing exhaust gas
DE29612352U1 (en) * 1996-07-17 1997-02-13 Paul Schneider Rohrleitungsbau und Wärmetechnik GmbH, 96472 Rödental Combustion chamber for operating a drying system with multifunction burner device and impact device for energy-saving and low-emission drying

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Title
See references of WO0011406A1 *

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ES2192069T3 (en) 2003-09-16
DE19838473C2 (en) 2000-06-21
ATE231601T1 (en) 2003-02-15
EP1108186B1 (en) 2003-01-22
DE19838473A1 (en) 2000-03-02

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