EP1106033A1 - Heating member with resistive surface - Google Patents

Heating member with resistive surface

Info

Publication number
EP1106033A1
EP1106033A1 EP99941575A EP99941575A EP1106033A1 EP 1106033 A1 EP1106033 A1 EP 1106033A1 EP 99941575 A EP99941575 A EP 99941575A EP 99941575 A EP99941575 A EP 99941575A EP 1106033 A1 EP1106033 A1 EP 1106033A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
heating element
conductor
layers
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99941575A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1106033B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Elsässer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1106033A1 publication Critical patent/EP1106033A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1106033B1 publication Critical patent/EP1106033B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resistance surface heating element.
  • Electrical resistance heating elements are becoming versatile, e.g. used for heating rooms. Compared to heating elements with rod-shaped, tubular or spiral-shaped resistors, those with resistance areas have proven to be particularly advantageous, since the heat can be given off over the entire area of a resistance layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a resistance surface heating element, hereinafter referred to only as a heating element, which meets these requirements, which allows operation with mains voltage, and which can also be simply connected and installed electrically, and in which several electrically conductive layers are provided, in which contact electrodes are inserted or applied in such a way that only a selected number of contact electrodes are reached at a predetermined point when the heating element is contacted.
  • a grounded resistance surface heater which can be protected by a residual current circuit breaker (FI). It consists of an insulating carrier film with a conductive layer on the one hand, which serves as a heating layer and is to be connected to the electrical power supply, and a further, electrically conductive coating on the other side as the layer to be grounded.
  • the external, conductive layers can also be covered by electrically insulating layers
  • a serious disadvantage of this type of panel heating is that it is in operation, i.e. When the power supply is switched on, there is always a capacitive feedback between the heating layer and the earthed layer, which causes a more or less strong leakage current at the earthed layer depending on the size of the heating surface.
  • a suitable residual current circuit breaker must be selected with regard to the size of a given heating element or vice versa, that the size of a desired heating element must be adapted to the residual current tolerance of a given Fl circuit breaker, in order not to cause a premature and undesirable triggering of the Fl circuit breaker to effect.
  • a resistance heating surface is separated by an insulating layer from a second conductive layer to be grounded, in particular a metal protective film, the layer to be grounded either being designed as a fuse made of easily meltable metal or a fuse in the circuit of the heating layer and / or grounded layer is installed.
  • the external conductive layers can be covered by insulating layers.
  • an additional metal foil, designed as a fuse can be attached to the rear of the heating surface, which is also delimited from the heating surface by an insulating layer.
  • the present invention is based on the knowledge that by essentially completely keeping the earth conductor (protective conductor) free from capacitive leakage currents, total independence between the type of FI device and the size of the heating element can be achieved.
  • This has considerable advantages over the known flat heating elements both for use in practice and for the approval and protection class certification procedures according to the standard regulations of the relevant technical inspection services.
  • it is now possible to equip buildings or other objects with electrical surface heating of any size without having to take special account of the mostly already existing Fl protection switch.
  • protection class certification for the heating elements according to the invention can also be carried out and issued independently of the size.
  • capacitive fault currents on the earth conductor (protective conductor) were also undesirable fault parameters due to additional phase shifts in the FI area.
  • This first conductor layer which acts as an additional neutral conductor, basically prevents capacitive coupling between the resistance heating surface and the protective conductor.
  • the neutral conductor capacitively shields the protective conductor from the resistance heating surface.
  • the flat neutral conductor and the flat protective conductor above ter are at the same potential; Therefore, no capacitive fault current can flow through the protective conductor between these two flat conductors, regardless of the size of the entire heating surface, which may also be composed of individual elements.
  • one contact electrode of the resistance layer is connected to the neutral conductor and the other to the phase, as a result of which a current flow is generated in the surface of the resistance layer, which heats up and releases the heat to the surroundings.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be contacted with simple means.
  • electrical contacting can be carried out by introducing contact elements, e.g. of contact tabs, which extend through the thickness of the heating element. Is such a contact nose, each electrically either with the phase, the
  • the structure of the heating element according to the invention also allows a non-positive or positive connection between the power supply and the contact electrodes.
  • a connection can be produced by contacting means which contact the contact electrodes in depth.
  • clamps can be used which engage at predetermined points from above and below via electrically conductive contact tongues or contact teeth in the heating element.
  • Such contact m Depth is only possible with the heating element according to the invention. If an additional protective conductor and a shield were attached to conventional heating elements, a short circuit between the individual layers was generated by the pressure for introducing the contact element and by the contact element itself.
  • the contacting m of the depth offers the advantage over the precise connection of predetermined contact electrodes that the positive connection between the heating element and the power supply can also withstand tensile and shear loads.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be operated with mains voltage, the structural outlay for such a heating element is low. Transformers and other large components that were necessary for low voltage elements are unnecessary in the heating element according to the invention. As a result of this low design effort, there are a multitude of possible uses for the heating element according to the invention.
  • the entire heating element can be enclosed in a watertight manner by external insulating layers and thereby a danger when touching the flat heating element can be avoided.
  • the insulation of the contact electrodes according to claim 5 prevents them from protruding from the heating element.
  • the insulation of the entire heating element, in particular the contact electrodes, is of great importance, in particular when used in a moist environment, for example in the case of splashing water, in order to be able to ensure safety when using the heating element.
  • a suitable Nete contacting possible, for example, via contact lugs or contact teeth.
  • Preferred materials for the resistance mass are described in claim 5.
  • the use of an electrically conductive polymer in the resistance mass has the advantage, among other things, that with a suitable choice of the polymer, the performance of the heating element can be increased compared to the performance when using carbon black.
  • the embodiment according to claim 7 has the further advantage that e.g. when using electrically conductive polymers, the entire heating element has a high flexibility and is resistant to mechanical loads and thermal fluctuations due to the elasticity, and can be easily stored, transported and installed without mechanical damage.
  • the heating element contains openings which e.g. can have a circular shape and an attachment of the heating element e.g. enable on the wall or on the floor. Through the openings, an attachment part, e.g. a screw to be passed through without short-circuiting the conductive layers and the resistance layer.
  • the structure of the heating element according to claim 10 offers contacting options at various points on the heating element.
  • the suitable contact electrode is selected in the respective layer from which the path to the power supply line is the smallest.
  • an embodiment in accordance with claim 11 is preferred, since heating over the entire area of the partial regions delimited by the contact electrodes of the resistance layer is achieved.
  • the area to be heated can be adapted to the width of the heating element and, in an embodiment with a plurality of contact electrode pairs, the resistance layer can be varied between the distance of a pair of contact electrodes and the entire width of the heating element.
  • the cut-shaped distances between the partial areas of the respective layer create possible cut edges at which the heating element can be divided. If the heating element is cut through in such a region that is free of resistance mass or conductive material, contacting possibilities again arise due to the continuous contact electrodes. The heating element can thus erfmdungsge94e j e as necessary to any great be cut without the benefits of projecting beyond the subregion contact electrodes banks and the resulting Kontak- go t istsmogrete lost.
  • the partial areas are arranged according to claim 14 so that when a heating element according to the invention is cut it is ensured that none of the partial areas m of the resistance layer or m of the first or second conductor layer is open at the cut edge, i.e. is uninsulated; Safe contacting is possible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic exploded view of a heating element according to the invention
  • Figure 2 plan view of an embodiment of the heating element with partial areas
  • Figure 3 is a schematic exploded view of a heating element with sections
  • FIG. 1 shows a heating element 1 in which a resistance layer 10 is arranged between two contact electrodes 11, 12 extending along the sides of the resistance layer 10. This resistance layer 10 with the contact electrodes 11, 12 lies between two insulating layers 70, 40.
  • a first conductor layer 20 is arranged on the upper insulating layer 40 and has a contact electrode 21 on one side in the edge region.
  • first conductor layer 20 there is a further insulating layer 50 which separates the conductor layer 20 from the second conductor layer 30.
  • the second conductor layer 30 also has a contact electrode 31 on one side.
  • a further insulating layer 60 is arranged on the second conductor layer.
  • the contact electrode 21 of the first conductor layer 20 following the resistance layer (10) exactly overlaps with the contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer. In this way, contact can be made by introducing a contact element, for example a contact lug or contact tongue, through these two contact electrodes.
  • the contact electrode 21 of the first conductor layer 20 designed as an additional neutral conductor and the contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer 10 functioning as a neutral conductor are connected to the neutral conductor of the power supply.
  • the contact electrode 31 of the second conductor layer 30, which is designed as a protective conductor to be grounded is preferably laterally offset from the contact electrodes 12 and 21 and is therefore not congruent in the projection thereof. In the embodiment shown, the contact electrode 31 is laterally offset to the left relative to the contact electrodes 21 and 12.
  • the contact electrode 31 it is also within the scope of the invention to position the contact electrode 31 to the right relative to the contact electrodes 12, 21, ie in the direction of the two th contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10 to be arranged offset.
  • a contact element is pierced by this contact electrode 31, only this contact is made with the power supply. A short circuit with the further contact electrodes 12 and 21 cannot occur.
  • the heating element can thus be earthed without leakage currents occurring, as detailed above.
  • the second contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10 is connected to the phase of the power supply.
  • the ends of the contact electrodes 11, 12, 21, 31 protrude on one side beyond the respective layers 10, 20, 30.
  • the contacting of the contact electrodes, which takes place in this protruding area, can thus be carried out by contact elements which extend through the heating element without producing a short circuit with another layer.
  • Openings 14, 24, 34 in layers 10, 20, 30 are also shown in FIG. These openings 14, 24, 34 are arranged in the respective layers 10, 20, 30 in such a way that they overlap one another in projection.
  • a screw can be passed through these openings. The screw only comes into contact with the insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70, but not with the electrically conductive layers 20, 30 and the resistance layer 10. This prevents a short circuit between the layers 10, 20, 30, so that a reliable there is a secure fastening possibility for the heating element according to the invention.
  • the contact electrodes are arranged on the respective layers on the edge. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to arrange the contact electrodes in this way. NEN, that this is a distance from the edge in the edge region of the respective layer.
  • An advantage of the heating element according to the invention is, on the one hand, the simple and reliable possibility of contacting through the arrangement of the contact electrodes to one another and the possibility of being able to operate this heating element with 220 V AC voltage.
  • the heating element When the heating element is supplied with mains voltage, it must be possible to ground the element. This is generated by the second conductor layer.
  • the contact electrode 31 of the second conductor layer is connected to the protective lead of the power supply.
  • the first conductor layer 20 is provided to shield this protective conductor from the resistance layer and the contact electrodes therein. This is connected to the neutral conductor of the power supply and at the same time contacted with the one contact electrode of the resistance layer.
  • FIG. 2 shows the top view of a further embodiment of the heating element according to the invention.
  • the insulating layer 60 is not shown in this figure.
  • the second conductor layer 30 has two contact electrodes 31, 31 '. These contact electrodes are each assigned to a pair of contact electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12' of the resistance layer 10. Furthermore, each contact electrode pair is assigned a contact electrode 21 or 21 'of the first conductor layer 20. The contact electrodes 12, 21 and 12 ', 21' coincide completely. The contact electrodes 31 and 31 ', however, are laterally offset from these overlapping contact electrodes 12, 21, 12', 21 '.
  • the distance between the electrodes 31 and 12, 21 is small compared to the distance between the contact electrodes 11 and 12 of the resistance layer.
  • the current generated when the voltage is applied takes place in the area between the contact electrodes 11, 12. river, so that this area is heated.
  • the contact electrode 11 is spaced n projection from the contact electrode 31 ', which is assigned to the next pair of contact electrodes 11', 12 '. This distance is also small compared to the distance between the pair of electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12'.
  • partial areas 13, 23, 33 are provided, in which there is conductive material in the conductor layers 20, 30 and resistance mass 10 in the resistance layer.
  • the partial areas 13, 23, 33 of the individual layers overlap one another in a projection. There are distances between these sub-areas in which there is neither resistance mass nor electrically conductive material. These distances extend in the form of strips across the entire width of the heating element. In contrast to the dimensions of the partial areas 13, 23, 33, the dimension of the strip is small. The distances serve as possible cutting edges S when dividing the heating element according to the invention. Only the insulating layers and the contact electrodes extending through the entire length of the heating element are present at these distances.
  • different areas of the heating element 1 can be connected to the power supply and thereby heated.
  • contacting the contact electrodes 11 ', 12 in the resistance layer with further connection of the conductor layers 20, 30 via the contact electrodes 21, 31 is possible. With such contacting, the heating element is distributed over its entire width and over the length
  • the distance between the partial areas is preferably kept small in order to minimize the loss of area over which heat is emitted.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a heating element 1 with partial areas 13, 23, 33.
  • the position of the contact electrodes in the individual layers and in particular the relative position of the contact electrodes of the individual layers to one another can be seen.
  • the insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70 are not shown in FIG. 3.
  • the insulating layers are dimensioned such that they extend in the longitudinal and width directions beyond the surfaces 10, 20, 30 and preferably cover the contact electrodes projecting beyond the ends of the layers.
  • the size of the heating element according to the invention is variable. Widths of e.g. B. 250 mm, 500 mm, 625 mm, 1000 mm, 1250 mm or 1.5 m can be realized.
  • the distance between the contact electrodes of the resistance layer, each forming a pair of contact electrodes can also be varied. For example, Distances of e.g. 10 cm should be provided. Also a finer subdivision, i.e. a smaller distance between the electrodes of the pair of contact electrodes is possible. Such a finer subdivision enables the heating element to be cut to an arbitrary width in an embodiment as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the heating element is severed at a point S 'which lies between a contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer and the contact electrode 31' of the second conductor layer. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, this resulted in two separate heating elements that can be used directly.
  • the heating element according to the invention thus has the further advantage that it can provide a plurality of contacting options over the width, through the presence of a plurality of contact electrode pairs, and over the length, through the distances between the partial areas.
  • the resistance layer can also consist of a carrier material which is coated with a resistance mass. Plastic fabrics, glass fiber mats, nonwovens and the like can be used as the carrier material.
  • any other internal or external insulation layer can also be designed as a support layer for the respectively adjacent or adjacent conductor layer (s).
  • the conductor layers are preferably produced from the same material as the resistance layer.
  • the use of electrically conductive polymers is particularly preferred.
  • the thickness of the individual layers of the heating element can be selected differently depending on the area of application.
  • the outer insulating layers also serve to protect against mechanical damage and can have a thickness of 50-200 ⁇ m, preferably 100 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the insulating layer lying between the resistance layer and the first conductor layer can e.g. have a thickness of 50-100 ⁇ m, preferably 75 ⁇ m, and a smaller thickness of, for example, 10-50 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m, can be selected for the insulating layer arranged between the first and second conductor layers.
  • the thickness of the resistance layer varies in particular depending on the material used. If the resistance layer consists of a material that, for. B. is printed directly on the insulating layer, the thickness can be small, z. B. 10 microns. The resistance layer has a greater thickness in cases in which it comprises a carrier material. Here thicknesses of z. B. 3000 microns can be selected.
  • the thickness of the first conductor layer is typically in the range from 10 to 50 ⁇ m, for example, and that of the second conductor layer in the range from 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the individual layers of the heating element according to the invention can be connected to one another by conventional methods.
  • the resistance layer and the conductor layers or the respective subregions in these layers are preferably applied to an insulating layer in the form of a heating lacquer film which comprises an electrically conductive polymer.
  • These insulating layers covered with the conductive material are provided with contact electrodes either during the coating process or subsequently.
  • the laminates produced in this way are then joined together.
  • the material of the resistance layer or the electrically conductive layers itself can serve as an adhesive. But it is also within the scope of the invention, the individual layers or prefabricated laminates by introducing plastic films such. B. polyester films and subsequent thermal treatment.
  • the contact electrodes can be incorporated into the resistance layer or conductor layer or fastened to it. Either the material of the
  • the insulating layers can consist of known insulating materials, e.g. B. made of polyester and can be used in the form of films.
  • the amount by which the contact electrodes protrude beyond at least one side of the respective layer can be, for example, 5 mm.
  • the distance between the sub-areas that are covered with resistance mass or electrically conductive material are layered, z. B. 10 mm. If the heating element is cut through in the middle of this distance, ie 5 mm from the next partial area, two heating element parts are created, each with several contacting options at the cutting edge.
  • the length of the subareas can e.g. B. 200 mm.
  • the partial areas can also be divided into themselves.
  • at certain distances in the longitudinal and / or width direction at distances of e.g. 10 mm narrow strips of, for example, 3 mm are provided, which are free of resistance mass or electrically conductive material. These strips allow the insulating layers to be welded at these points and thus the strength of the entire heating element, i. H. especially the adhesion of the individual layers, improved.
  • a thermal treatment of the cut edge can be carried out at the same time when the heating element is divided, as a result of which the contact electrodes are welded into the insulating layers.
  • an embodiment of the heating element according to the invention is preferably selected which has the resistance mass and the conductive material only in m partial areas and in which a plurality of electrode pairs are provided in the resistance layer, the electrodes a pair of contact electrodes in the first and second conductor layers.
  • the distances between the partial areas, or the distances between the contact electrode of the resistance layer and a contact electrode of the first or second conductor layer laterally offset in projection, define cut edges along which the heating element according to the invention can be divided. It is therefore possible to cut the heating element into the desired size on site and to contact it with the power supply. Due to the large number of contact electrode pairs in the resistance layer, several contact possibilities are given across the width of the heating element, which can be selected depending on the position of the power supply and the area to be heated.
  • the position of the contact electrodes and of the partial areas or of the resistance layer and conductor layer is preferably marked on the top and bottom insulating layers, so that the user can easily recognize the possible contact points.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heating member with a resistive surface (1) that comprises at least one resistive layer (10), two conductive layers (20, 30) as well as isolation layers (40, 50) respectively arranged between said layers (10, 20, 30). The first conductive layer (30) is made in the form of a neutral conductor, while the second conductive layer (30) is made in the form of a protection conductor. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the resistive layer (10) comprises respectively a contact electrode (11, 12) on both sides in the edge area, while the first and second conductive layers (20, 30) each include a contact electrode (21, 31) in the edge area. The contact electrodes (11, 12, 21, 31) protrude longitudinally and on at least one side above their respective layers (10, 20, 30). A contact electrode (12) of the first resistive layer (10) coincides with the contact electrode (21) of the first conductive layer (20). The second contact electrode (31) of the resistive layer (30) and the contact electrode (12) of the second conductive layer (10) are offset relative to each other and relative to the contact electrode (21) of the first conductive layer (20).

Description

WIDERSTANDSFLÄCHEN-HEIZELEMENT RESISTANCE AREA HEATING ELEMENT
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Widerstandsflachen- Heizelement .The present invention relates to a resistance surface heating element.
Elektrische Widerstandsheizelemente werden vielseitig, z.B. zur Beheizung von Räumen, eingesetzt. Gegenüber Heizelementen mit stab-, röhren- oder spiralförmigen Widerstanden erweisen sich solche mit Widerstandsflachen als besonders vorteilhaft, da bei ihnen die Warme über die gesamte Flache einer Widerstandsschicht abgegeben werden kann.Electrical resistance heating elements are becoming versatile, e.g. used for heating rooms. Compared to heating elements with rod-shaped, tubular or spiral-shaped resistors, those with resistance areas have proven to be particularly advantageous, since the heat can be given off over the entire area of a resistance layer.
In einigen Bereichen, z.B. bei Altbauten, kann es notwendig sein, Widerstandsflachen-Heizungen mit hoher Leistung zur Verfugung zu stellen. Gleichzeitig muß ein solches Widerstandsflachen-Heizelement aber auch bei mechanischer Beschädigung und beim Auftreten von z.B. Spritzwasser in der Umgebung ohne Sicherheitsrisiken eingesetzt werden können .In some areas, e.g. in old buildings, it may be necessary to provide resistance surface heating with high performance. At the same time, such a resistance surface heating element must also be mechanically damaged and when e.g. Splash water can be used in the area without safety risks.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Wider- standsflachen-Heizelement , im nachfolgenden nur als Heiz- element bezeichnet, zu schaffen, das diesen Anforderungen genügt, das einen Betrieb mit Netzspannung erlaubt, zudem einfach elektrisch angeschlossen und installiert werden kann, und bei dem mehrere elektrisch leitende Schichten vorgesehen sind, m denen Kontaktelektroden so ein- bzw. aufgebracht sind, daß beim Kontaktieren des Heizelementes an einer vorgegebenen Stelle nur eine ausgewählte Anzahl von Kontaktelektroden erreicht wird.The object of the present invention is to provide a resistance surface heating element, hereinafter referred to only as a heating element, which meets these requirements, which allows operation with mains voltage, and which can also be simply connected and installed electrically, and in which several electrically conductive layers are provided, in which contact electrodes are inserted or applied in such a way that only a selected number of contact electrodes are reached at a predetermined point when the heating element is contacted.
Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschπft OS 2449676 ist eine geerdete Widerstandsflachen-Heizung bekannt, welche über einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter (FI) geschützt werden kann. Sie besteht aus einer isolierenden Tragerfolie mit einem als Heizschicht dienenden, leitenden und an die elektrische Stromversorgung anzuschliessenden Überzug auf der einen Seite und einem weiteren, elektrisch leitenden Überzug als zu erdende Schicht auf der anderen Seite. Wahlweise können die aussenliegenden, leitenden Schichten noch durch elektrisch isolierende Schichten abgedecktFrom the German Offenlegungsschπft OS 2449676 a grounded resistance surface heater is known, which can be protected by a residual current circuit breaker (FI). It consists of an insulating carrier film with a conductive layer on the one hand, which serves as a heating layer and is to be connected to the electrical power supply, and a further, electrically conductive coating on the other side as the layer to be grounded. Optionally, the external, conductive layers can also be covered by electrically insulating layers
Ein gravierender Nachteil dieser Art der Flachenheizung besteht darin, dass sich im Betriebs zustand, d.h. bei eingeschalteter Stromversorgung, zwischen der Heizschicht und der geerdeten Schicht stets eine kapazitive Ruckkopplung ergibt, die einen in Abhängigkeit von der Grosse der Heizflache mehr oder weniger starken Kriechstrom an der geer- deten Schicht verursacht. Das bedeutet, dass ein geeigneter Fehlerstromschutzschalter in Hinblick auf die Grosse eines gegebenen Heizelements ausgewählt werden muss oder umgekehrt, dass die Grosse eines gewünschten Heizelementes an die Fehlerstromtoleranz eines gegebenen Fl-Schut zschal- ters angepasst werden muss, um nicht eine vorzeitige und unerwünschte Auslosung des Fl-Schutzschalters zu bewirken.A serious disadvantage of this type of panel heating is that it is in operation, i.e. When the power supply is switched on, there is always a capacitive feedback between the heating layer and the earthed layer, which causes a more or less strong leakage current at the earthed layer depending on the size of the heating surface. This means that a suitable residual current circuit breaker must be selected with regard to the size of a given heating element or vice versa, that the size of a desired heating element must be adapted to the residual current tolerance of a given Fl circuit breaker, in order not to cause a premature and undesirable triggering of the Fl circuit breaker to effect.
Eine ahnliche Art der Flachenheizung wird in der deutschen Auslegeschrift AS 1288702 beschrieben. Auch dort wird eine Widerstandsheizflache durch eine Isolierschicht von einer zu erdenden, zweiten leitenden Schicht, insbesondere einer Metallschutzfolie, getrennt, wobei die zu erdende Schicht entweder selbst als Schmelzsicherung aus leicht schmelzbarem Metall ausgeführt ist oder eine Schmelzsicherung in den Stromkreislauf der Heizschicht und/oder der geerdeten Schicht eingebaut ist. Auch bei dieser Art der Flachenheizung können die aussenliegenden leitenden Schichten durch Isolierschichten abgedeckt sein. Als weiteres Schutzmittel kann auf der Ruckseite der Heizfläche eine zusätzliche, als Schmelzsicherung ausgeführte, Metallfolie angebracht sein, die von der Heizfläche ebenfalls durch eine Isolierschicht abgegrenzt ist.A similar type of surface heating is described in the German design AS 1288702. There too, a resistance heating surface is separated by an insulating layer from a second conductive layer to be grounded, in particular a metal protective film, the layer to be grounded either being designed as a fuse made of easily meltable metal or a fuse in the circuit of the heating layer and / or grounded layer is installed. In this type of panel heating, too, the external conductive layers can be covered by insulating layers. As a further protective means, an additional metal foil, designed as a fuse, can be attached to the rear of the heating surface, which is also delimited from the heating surface by an insulating layer.
Diese Art der Ausfuhrung einer Flachenheizung, die aus dem Jahre 1957 stammt, zielt insbesondere auf Massnahmen ab, die die elektrische Sicherheit des Gerätes für den Benut- zer zum damaligen Zeitpunkt bestmöglich gewährleisten und bei allfalligen Kurzschlüssen eine ausreichend rasche Un- terbrechung des Stromkreislaufes bewirken sollten. Dieses Problem der Sicherheitstechnik wird heutzutage durch die in der Zwischenzeit entwickelten Fehlerstromschutzschalter (FI) wesentlich eleganter und verlasslicher gelost.This type of surface heating, which dates from 1957, is aimed in particular at measures that guarantee the electrical safety of the device for the user at the time as well as possible and, in the event of short-circuits, a sufficiently quick circuit breakage. Nowadays, this problem of safety technology is solved much more elegantly and reliably by the residual current circuit breaker (RCD) developed in the meantime.
Der gegenwartigen Erfindung liegt hingegen die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß durch im wesentlichen vollständiges Freihalten des Erdleiters (Schutzleiters) von kapazitiven Kriechstromen eine totale Unabhängigkeit zwischen der Art des FI-Fabrikats und der Grosse des Heizelementes erreicht werden kann. Dies hat sowohl für den Einsatz in der Praxis als auch für die Zulassungs- bzw. Schutzklasse-Zertifizierungsverfahren nach den Normvorschriften der zustandigen technischen Prufdienste ganz erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber den bekannten Flachenheizelementen. Es ist damit erstmals möglich, Gebäude oder andere Objekte mit elektrischen Flächenheizungen beliebiger Grosse auszustatten, ohne dabei auf den zumeist bereits vorhandenen Fl-Schut zschalter speziell Rucksicht nehmen zu müssen. Auch kann im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Flachenheizungstypen eine Schutzklas- senzertifizierung für die erfindungsgemassen Heizelemente grossenunabhangig vorgenommen und erteilt werden. Darüber hinaus wurden kapazitive Fehlerstrome am Erdleiter ( Schut zleiter ) auch wegen zusatzlicher Phasenverschiebungen im FI-Bereich unerwünschte Storparameter darstellen.The present invention, however, is based on the knowledge that by essentially completely keeping the earth conductor (protective conductor) free from capacitive leakage currents, total independence between the type of FI device and the size of the heating element can be achieved. This has considerable advantages over the known flat heating elements both for use in practice and for the approval and protection class certification procedures according to the standard regulations of the relevant technical inspection services. For the first time, it is now possible to equip buildings or other objects with electrical surface heating of any size without having to take special account of the mostly already existing Fl protection switch. In contrast to existing surface heating types, protection class certification for the heating elements according to the invention can also be carried out and issued independently of the size. In addition, capacitive fault currents on the earth conductor (protective conductor) were also undesirable fault parameters due to additional phase shifts in the FI area.
Die Überwindung der genannten Nachteile des Standes derOvercoming the disadvantages of the prior art
Technik und die Erzielung der zuvor erwähnten Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden erfindungsgemaß durch ein Heizelement gemass Anspruch 1 ermöglicht. Im Falle von z.B. einer mechanischen Beschädigung des Heizelementes kann durch den Schutzleiter ein Schutzschalter bzw.Technique and the achievement of the aforementioned advantages of the present invention are made possible according to the invention by a heating element according to claim 1. In the case of e.g. If the heating element is mechanically damaged, a protective switch or
Fehlerstromschalter ausgelost werden. Durch diese erste Leiterschicht, die als zusatzlicher Neutralleiter fungiert, wird eine kapazitive Kopplung zwischen der Widerstandsheizfläche und dem Schutzleiter grundsatzlich unter- bunden. Der Neutralleiter schirmt den Schutzleiter kapazitiv gegenüber der Widerstandsheizfläche ab. Der flächige Neutralleiter und der darüber liegende flachige Schutzlei- ter liegen auf demselben Potential; es kann daher zwischen diesen beiden Flachenleitern auch unabhängig von der Grosse der - gegebenenfalls auch aus Einzelelementen zusammengesetzten - gesamten Heizflache kein kapazitiver Fehlerstrom über den Schutzleiter fliessen.Residual current switches are triggered. This first conductor layer, which acts as an additional neutral conductor, basically prevents capacitive coupling between the resistance heating surface and the protective conductor. The neutral conductor capacitively shields the protective conductor from the resistance heating surface. The flat neutral conductor and the flat protective conductor above ter are at the same potential; Therefore, no capacitive fault current can flow through the protective conductor between these two flat conductors, regardless of the size of the entire heating surface, which may also be composed of individual elements.
Weitere Ausfuhrungsformen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 16 dargelegt .Further embodiments are set out in claims 2 to 16.
Zur Inbetriebnahme des Heizelementes wird die eine Kontaktelektrode der Widerstandsschicht an den Neutralleiter und die andere an die Phase angeschlossen, wodurch ein Stromfluß in der Flache der Widerstandsschicht erzeugt wird, welche sich dabei erwärmt und die Warme an die Umgebung abgibt .To put the heating element into operation, one contact electrode of the resistance layer is connected to the neutral conductor and the other to the phase, as a result of which a current flow is generated in the surface of the resistance layer, which heats up and releases the heat to the surroundings.
Aufgrund des Aufbaus des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes kann dieses mit einfachen Mitteln kontaktiert werden. So kann das elektrische Kontaktieren bei dem erfindungsgemaßen Heizelement durch Einbringen von Kontaktelementen, z.B. von Kontaktnasen, erfolgen, die sich durch die Dicke des Heizelementes erstrecken. Wird eine solche Kontaktna- se, die jeweils elektrisch entweder mit der Phase, demDue to the structure of the heating element according to the invention, it can be contacted with simple means. In the heating element according to the invention, electrical contacting can be carried out by introducing contact elements, e.g. of contact tabs, which extend through the thickness of the heating element. Is such a contact nose, each electrically either with the phase, the
Neutralleiter oder der Erdung der Stromzufuhrung verbunden ist, in das erfmdungsgemaße Heizelement eingebracht, so kommt diese Nase ausschließlich mit den gewünschten Kontaktelektroden der jeweiligen Schicht in Verbindung. Ein Kurzschluß zwischen den einzelnen Kontaktelektroden kann somit vermieden werden.Neutral conductor or the grounding of the power supply is connected to the heating element according to the invention, this nose only comes into contact with the desired contact electrodes of the respective layer. A short circuit between the individual contact electrodes can thus be avoided.
Darüber hinaus erlaubt der Aufbau des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes auch eine kraft- oder formschlussige Verbindung zwischen der Stromzufuhrung und den Kontaktelektro- den. Eine derartige Verbindung kann durch Kontaktierungs- mittel erzeugt werden, die die Kontaktelektroden in der Tiefe kontaktieren. Dabei können Klemmen verwendet werden, die an vorgegebenen Stellen von oben und unten über elektrisch leitende Kontakt zungen oder Kontaktzahne in das Heizelement eingreifen. Eine solche Kontaktierung m der Tiefe ist nur mit dem erfindungsgemaßen Heizelement möglich. Wurden bei herkömmlichen Heizelementen ein zusatzlicher Schutzleiter und eine Abschirmung angebracht, so wurde durch den Druck zur Einbringung des Kontaktelements und durch das Kontaktelement selber ein Kurzschluß zwischen den einzelnen Schichten erzeugt werden. Die Kontaktierung m der Tiefe bietet aber über den präzisen Anschluß vorbestimmter Kontaktelektroden hinaus den Vorteil, daß die formschlussige Verbindung zwischen dem Heizelement und der Stromversorgung auch Zug- und Schubbelastungen standhalten kann.In addition, the structure of the heating element according to the invention also allows a non-positive or positive connection between the power supply and the contact electrodes. Such a connection can be produced by contacting means which contact the contact electrodes in depth. Here, clamps can be used which engage at predetermined points from above and below via electrically conductive contact tongues or contact teeth in the heating element. Such contact m Depth is only possible with the heating element according to the invention. If an additional protective conductor and a shield were attached to conventional heating elements, a short circuit between the individual layers was generated by the pressure for introducing the contact element and by the contact element itself. The contacting m of the depth offers the advantage over the precise connection of predetermined contact electrodes that the positive connection between the heating element and the power supply can also withstand tensile and shear loads.
Da das erfmdungsgemaße Heizelement mit Netzspannung betrieben werden kann, ist der bauliche Aufwand für ein solches Heizelement gering. Transformatoren und andere große Bauteile, die für Niedπgspannungselemente notwendig waren, sind bei dem erfindungsgemaßen Heizelement entbehrlich. Durch diesen geringen konstruktiven Aufwand bieten sich eine Vielzahl von Einsat zmoglichkeiten für das erfm- dungsgemaße Heizelement an.Since the heating element according to the invention can be operated with mains voltage, the structural outlay for such a heating element is low. Transformers and other large components that were necessary for low voltage elements are unnecessary in the heating element according to the invention. As a result of this low design effort, there are a multitude of possible uses for the heating element according to the invention.
Durch die Anordnung der Kontaktelektroden gemass Anspruch 3 wird über die gesamte Lange des Heizelementes eine unmittelbare Berührung zwischen den Kontaktelektroden vermieden .By arranging the contact electrodes according to claim 3, direct contact between the contact electrodes is avoided over the entire length of the heating element.
Gemäß der Ausfuhrungsform nach Anspruch 4 kann das gesamte Heizelement durch aussenliegende Isolierschichten wasserdicht eingeschlossen und dadurch eine Gefahr bei Berührung des Flachenheizelementes vermieden werden.According to the embodiment according to claim 4, the entire heating element can be enclosed in a watertight manner by external insulating layers and thereby a danger when touching the flat heating element can be avoided.
Durch die Isolation der Kontaktelektroden gemass Anspruch 5 wird ein Hinausragen derselben aus dem Heizelement ver- mieden. Insbesondere beim Einsatz in feuchter Umgebung, z.B. bei Spritzwasser, ist die Isolierung des gesamten Heizelementes, insbesondere der Kontaktelektroden, von grosser Wichtigkeit, um die Sicherheit beim Einsatz des Heizelementes gewährleisten zu können. Bei dieser Ausfuh- rung des erfindungsgemassen Heizelementes ist eine geeig- nete Kontaktierung beispielsweise über Kontaktnasen oder Kontaktzahne möglich.The insulation of the contact electrodes according to claim 5 prevents them from protruding from the heating element. The insulation of the entire heating element, in particular the contact electrodes, is of great importance, in particular when used in a moist environment, for example in the case of splashing water, in order to be able to ensure safety when using the heating element. In this embodiment of the heating element according to the invention, a suitable Nete contacting possible, for example, via contact lugs or contact teeth.
Bevorzugte Materialien für die Widerstandsmasse sind in Anspruch 5 beschrieben Der Einsatz eines elektrisch lei- tenden Polymers in der Widerstandsmasse bringt unter anderem den Vorteil, daß bei geeigneter Wahl des Polymers die Leistung des Heizelementes gegenüber der Leistung bei Verwendung von Ruß erhöht werden kann.Preferred materials for the resistance mass are described in claim 5. The use of an electrically conductive polymer in the resistance mass has the advantage, among other things, that with a suitable choice of the polymer, the performance of the heating element can be increased compared to the performance when using carbon black.
Die Ausfuhrungsform gemass Anspruch 7 hat neben ferti- gungstechnischen Vorteilen noch den weiteren Vorteil, daß z.B. bei Verwendung von elektrisch leitenden Polymeren das gesamte Heizelement eine hohe Flexibilität aufweist und aufgrund der Elastizität gegenüber mechanischen Belastungen und thermischen Schwankungen bestandig ist, sowie ohne mechanische Beschädigung leicht gelagert, transportiert und installiert werden kann.In addition to manufacturing advantages, the embodiment according to claim 7 has the further advantage that e.g. when using electrically conductive polymers, the entire heating element has a high flexibility and is resistant to mechanical loads and thermal fluctuations due to the elasticity, and can be easily stored, transported and installed without mechanical damage.
Gemass der Ausfuhrungsform nach Anspruch 9 enthält das Heizelement Offnungen, die z.B. eine kreisrunde Form aufweisen können und eine Befestigung des Heizelementes z.B. an der Wand oder am Boden ermöglichen. Durch die Offnungen kann ein Be estigungsteil , z.B. eine Schraube, hindurch gefuhrt werden, ohne daß ein Kurzschluß der leitenden Schichten und der Widerstandsschicht erzeugt wird.According to the embodiment according to claim 9, the heating element contains openings which e.g. can have a circular shape and an attachment of the heating element e.g. enable on the wall or on the floor. Through the openings, an attachment part, e.g. a screw to be passed through without short-circuiting the conductive layers and the resistance layer.
Der Aufbau des Heizelementes gemass Anspruch 10 bietet an verschiedenen Stellen des Heizelementes Kontaktierungsmög- lichkeiten. So kann z.B. entsprechend den Abmessungen des mit dem Heizelement zu bedeckenden Bereiches die geeignete Kontaktelektrode in der jeweiligen Schicht ausgewählt werden, von der aus der Weg zur Stromzufuhrungsleitung am ge- ringsten ist.The structure of the heating element according to claim 10 offers contacting options at various points on the heating element. For example, In accordance with the dimensions of the area to be covered with the heating element, the suitable contact electrode is selected in the respective layer from which the path to the power supply line is the smallest.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist eine Ausfuhrungsform gemass Anspruch 11 bevorzugt, denn dadurch wird eine Erwärmung über die gesamte, von den Kontaktelektroden der Widerstandsschicht begrenzte Flache der Teilbereiche erzielt. Bei einer Ausfuhrungsform gemass Anspruch 12 kann der zu erwärmende Bereich der Breite des Heizelementes angepasst und bei einer Ausfuhrungsform mit mehreren Kontaktelektrodenpaaren m der Widerstandsschicht zwischen dem Abstand eines Kontaktelektrodenpaares und der gesamten Breite des Heizelementes variiert werden.In this context, an embodiment in accordance with claim 11 is preferred, since heating over the entire area of the partial regions delimited by the contact electrodes of the resistance layer is achieved. In an embodiment according to claim 12, the area to be heated can be adapted to the width of the heating element and, in an embodiment with a plurality of contact electrode pairs, the resistance layer can be varied between the distance of a pair of contact electrodes and the entire width of the heating element.
Gemass einer besonders zweckmassigen Ausfuhrungsform nach Anspruch 13 werden durch die streifenformigen Abstände zwischen den Teilbereichen der jeweiligen Schicht mögliche Schnittkanten geschaffen, an denen das Heizelement geteilt werden kann. Wird in einem solchen Bereich, der frei von Widerstandsmasse bzw. leitfahige Material ist, das Heizelement durchtrennt, so entstehen hierdurch aufgrund der durchgehenden Kontaktelektroden erneut Kontaktierungsmog- lichkeiten. Das erfmdungsgemaße Heizelement kann somit je nach Bedarf auf beliebige Großen zugeschnitten werden, ohne daß die Vorteile der über den Teilbereich hinausstehenden Kontaktelektroden und die dadurch gegebene Kontak- tierungsmoglichkeit verloren gehen.According to a particularly expedient embodiment according to claim 13, the cut-shaped distances between the partial areas of the respective layer create possible cut edges at which the heating element can be divided. If the heating element is cut through in such a region that is free of resistance mass or conductive material, contacting possibilities again arise due to the continuous contact electrodes. The heating element can thus erfmdungsgemaße j e as necessary to any great be cut without the benefits of projecting beyond the subregion contact electrodes banks and the resulting Kontak- go tierungsmoglichkeit lost.
Vorzugsweise sind dabei die Teilbereiche gemass Anspruch 14 angeordnet sodass beim Zerteilen eines erfindungs- gemaßen Heizelementes sichergestellt ist, daß an der Schnittkante keiner der Teilbereiche m der Widerstandsschicht oder m der ersten oder zweiten Leiterschicht offen, d.h. unisoliert vorliegt; somit ist eine gefahrlose Kontaktierung möglich.Preferably, the partial areas are arranged according to claim 14 so that when a heating element according to the invention is cut it is ensured that none of the partial areas m of the resistance layer or m of the first or second conductor layer is open at the cut edge, i.e. is uninsulated; Safe contacting is possible.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der beiliegenden Figuren weiter erläutert.The invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemaßen HeizelementesFigure 1 is a schematic exploded view of a heating element according to the invention
Figur 2 Draufsicht auf eine Ausfuhrungsform des Heizelementes mit Teilbereichen Figur 3 eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines Heizelementes mit TeilbereichenFigure 2 plan view of an embodiment of the heating element with partial areas Figure 3 is a schematic exploded view of a heating element with sections
In Figur 1 ist ein Heizelement 1 dargestellt, bei dem eine Widerstandsschicht 10 zwischen zwei sich entlang den Sei- ten der Widerstandsschicht 10 erstreckenden Kontaktelektroden 11, 12 angeordnet ist. Diese Widerstandsschicht 10 mit den Kontaktelektroden 11, 12 liegt zwischen zwei Isolierschichten 70, 40. Auf der oberen Isolierschicht 40 ist eine erste Leiterschicht 20 angeordnet, die auf einer Seite im Randbereich eine Kontaktelektrode 21 aufweist.FIG. 1 shows a heating element 1 in which a resistance layer 10 is arranged between two contact electrodes 11, 12 extending along the sides of the resistance layer 10. This resistance layer 10 with the contact electrodes 11, 12 lies between two insulating layers 70, 40. A first conductor layer 20 is arranged on the upper insulating layer 40 and has a contact electrode 21 on one side in the edge region.
Auf dieser ersten Leiterschicht 20 befindet sich eine weitere Isolierschicht 50, die die Leiterschicht 20 von der zweiten Leiterschicht 30 trennt. Die zweite Leiterschicht 30 weist ebenfalls an einer Seite eine Kontaktelektrode 31 auf. Auf der zweiten Leiterschicht ist eine weitere Isolierschicht 60 angeordnet.On this first conductor layer 20 there is a further insulating layer 50 which separates the conductor layer 20 from the second conductor layer 30. The second conductor layer 30 also has a contact electrode 31 on one side. A further insulating layer 60 is arranged on the second conductor layer.
Die Kontaktelektrode 21 der auf die Widerstandsschicht (10) folgenden, ersten Leiterschicht 20 überlagert sich exakt mit der Kontaktelektrode 12 der Widerstandsschicht. Hierdurch kann eine Kontaktierung durch Einbringen eines Kontaktelements, z.B. einer Kontaktnase oder Kontaktzunge durch diese beiden Kontaktelektroden erfolgen. Die Kontaktelektrode 21 der als zusätzlicher Neutralleiter ausgeführten ersten Leiterschicht 20 und die als Neutralleiter fungierende Kontaktelektrode 12 der Widerstandsschicht 10 werden an den Neutralleiter der Stromversorgung angeschlossen. Zur Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit ist die Kontaktelektrode 31 der als zu erdender Schutzleiter ausgeführten, zweiten Leiterschicht 30 zu den Kontaktelektro- den 12 und 21 vorzugsweise seitlich versetzt angeordnet und liegt daher in der Projektion nicht deckungsgleich über diesen. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform liegt die Kontaktelektrode 31 gegenüber den Kontaktelektroden 21 und 12 seitlich nach links versetzt. Es liegt aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Kontaktelektrode 31 gegenüber den Kontaktelektroden 12, 21 nach rechts, d. h. in Richtung der zwei- ten Kontaktelektrode 11 der Widerstandsschicht 10, versetzt anzuordnen. Bei Durchstoßen eines Kontaktelements durch diese Kontaktelektrode 31 wird ausschließlich diese mit der Stromzufuhrung kontaktiert. Ein Kurzschluß mit den weiteren Kontaktelektroden 12 und 21 kann nicht auftreten. Durch die zweite Leiterschicht 30 kann das Heizelement somit schutzgeerdet werden, ohne dass dabei Kriechstrome auftreten, wie zuvor ausfuhrlich dargestellt.The contact electrode 21 of the first conductor layer 20 following the resistance layer (10) exactly overlaps with the contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer. In this way, contact can be made by introducing a contact element, for example a contact lug or contact tongue, through these two contact electrodes. The contact electrode 21 of the first conductor layer 20 designed as an additional neutral conductor and the contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer 10 functioning as a neutral conductor are connected to the neutral conductor of the power supply. To increase operational safety, the contact electrode 31 of the second conductor layer 30, which is designed as a protective conductor to be grounded, is preferably laterally offset from the contact electrodes 12 and 21 and is therefore not congruent in the projection thereof. In the embodiment shown, the contact electrode 31 is laterally offset to the left relative to the contact electrodes 21 and 12. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to position the contact electrode 31 to the right relative to the contact electrodes 12, 21, ie in the direction of the two th contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10 to be arranged offset. When a contact element is pierced by this contact electrode 31, only this contact is made with the power supply. A short circuit with the further contact electrodes 12 and 21 cannot occur. Through the second conductor layer 30, the heating element can thus be earthed without leakage currents occurring, as detailed above.
Die zweite Kontaktelektrode 11 der Widerstandsschicht 10 wird erfmdungsgemaß an die Phase der Stromversorgung angeschlossen .According to the invention, the second contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10 is connected to the phase of the power supply.
Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ragen die Enden der Kontaktelektroden 11, 12, 21, 31 an einer Seite über die jeweiligen Schichten 10, 20, 30 hinaus. Die Kontaktierung der Kontaktelektroden, die in diesem überstehenden Bereich erfolgt, kann somit durch Kontaktelemente ausgeführt werden, die sich durch das Heizelement erstrecken, ohne einen Kurzschluß mit einer anderen Schicht zu erzeugen.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the ends of the contact electrodes 11, 12, 21, 31 protrude on one side beyond the respective layers 10, 20, 30. The contacting of the contact electrodes, which takes place in this protruding area, can thus be carried out by contact elements which extend through the heating element without producing a short circuit with another layer.
In der Figur 1 sind weiterhin Offnungen 14, 24, 34 in den Schichten 10, 20, 30 dargestellt. Diese Offnungen 14, 24, 34 sind m den jeweiligen Schichten 10, 20, 30 so angeordnet, daß sie sich in Projektion aufeinander decken. Zur Befestigung des Heizelementes 1 an einer Wand oder einem Fußboden kann z. B. eine Schraube durch diese Offnungen hmdurchgefuhrt werden. Die Schraube tritt dabei lediglich mit den Isolierschichten 40, 50, 60, 70 in Kontakt, nicht jedoch mit den elektrisch leitenden Schichten 20, 30 und der Widerstandsschicht 10. Hierdurch wird ein Kurzschluß zwischen den Schichten 10, 20, 30 vermieden, sodass eine zuverlässige sichere Befestigungsmoglichkeit für das erfmdungsgemaße Heizelement gegeben ist.Openings 14, 24, 34 in layers 10, 20, 30 are also shown in FIG. These openings 14, 24, 34 are arranged in the respective layers 10, 20, 30 in such a way that they overlap one another in projection. To attach the heating element 1 to a wall or floor, for. B. a screw can be passed through these openings. The screw only comes into contact with the insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70, but not with the electrically conductive layers 20, 30 and the resistance layer 10. This prevents a short circuit between the layers 10, 20, 30, so that a reliable there is a secure fastening possibility for the heating element according to the invention.
In der Figur 1 sind die Kontaktelektroden an den jeweiligen Schichten an der Kante angeordnet. Es liegt aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Kontaktelektroden so anzuord- nen, daß diese m einem Abstand von der Kante im Randbereich der jeweiligen Schicht liegt.In FIG. 1, the contact electrodes are arranged on the respective layers on the edge. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to arrange the contact electrodes in this way. NEN, that this is a distance from the edge in the edge region of the respective layer.
Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes ist zum einen die einfache und zuverlässige Kontaktierungsmoglich- keit durch die Anordnung der Kontaktelektroden zueinander und die Möglichkeit dieses Heizelement mit 220 V Wechselspannung betreiben zu können. Bei der Beaufschlagung des Heizelementes mit Netzspannung muß eine Erdung des Elementes möglich sein. Diese wird durch die zweite Leiter- schicht erzeugt. Hierbei wird die Kontaktelektrode 31 der zweiten Leiterschicht an die Schutzleitung der Stromversorgung angeschlossen.An advantage of the heating element according to the invention is, on the one hand, the simple and reliable possibility of contacting through the arrangement of the contact electrodes to one another and the possibility of being able to operate this heating element with 220 V AC voltage. When the heating element is supplied with mains voltage, it must be possible to ground the element. This is generated by the second conductor layer. Here, the contact electrode 31 of the second conductor layer is connected to the protective lead of the power supply.
Zur Abschirmung dieses Schut zleiters von der Widerstandsschicht und den darin liegenden Kontaktelektroαen ist die erste Leiterschicht 20 vorgesehen. Diese wird an den Null- leiter der Stromversorgung angeschlossen und dabei gleichzeitig mit der einen Kontaktelektrode der Widerstandsschicht kontaktiert.The first conductor layer 20 is provided to shield this protective conductor from the resistance layer and the contact electrodes therein. This is connected to the neutral conductor of the power supply and at the same time contacted with the one contact electrode of the resistance layer.
In Figur 2 ist die Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausfuh- rungsform des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes dargestellt. Zum besseren Verständnis ist die Isolierschicht 60 bei dieser Figur nicht wiedergegeben. Die zweite Leiterschicht 30 weist in der dargestellten Ausfuhrungsform zwei Kontaktelektroden 31, 31' auf. Diese Kontaktelektroden sind jeweils einem Kontaktelektrodenpaar 11, 12 bzw. 11', 12' der Widerstandsschicht 10 zugeordnet. Weiterhin ist jedem Kontaktelektrodenpaar jeweils eine Kontaktelektrode 21 bzw. 21' der ersten Leiterschicht 20 zugeordnet. Die Kontaktelektroden 12, 21 bzw. 12', 21' decken sich vollstan- dig. Die Kontaktelektroden 31 bzw. 31' hingegen sind zu diesen sich deckenden Kontaktelektroden 12, 21, 12', 21' seitlich versetzt angeordnet. Der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden 31 und 12, 21 ist gering gegenüber dem Abstand zwischen den Kontaktelektroden 11 und 12 der Widerstands- schicht. In dem Bereich zwischen den Kontaktelektroden 11, 12 erfolgt der beim Anlegen der Spannung erzeugte Strom- fluß, so daß dieser Bereich erwärmt wird. Die Kontaktelektrode 11 ist n Projektion zu der Kontaktelektrode 31', die dem nächsten Kontaktelektrodenpaar 11', 12' zugeordnet ist, beabstandet. Auch dieser Abstand ist gegenüber dem Abstand zwischen dem Elektrodenpaar 11, 12 bzw. 11', 12' gering .FIG. 2 shows the top view of a further embodiment of the heating element according to the invention. For a better understanding, the insulating layer 60 is not shown in this figure. In the embodiment shown, the second conductor layer 30 has two contact electrodes 31, 31 '. These contact electrodes are each assigned to a pair of contact electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12' of the resistance layer 10. Furthermore, each contact electrode pair is assigned a contact electrode 21 or 21 'of the first conductor layer 20. The contact electrodes 12, 21 and 12 ', 21' coincide completely. The contact electrodes 31 and 31 ', however, are laterally offset from these overlapping contact electrodes 12, 21, 12', 21 '. The distance between the electrodes 31 and 12, 21 is small compared to the distance between the contact electrodes 11 and 12 of the resistance layer. The current generated when the voltage is applied takes place in the area between the contact electrodes 11, 12. river, so that this area is heated. The contact electrode 11 is spaced n projection from the contact electrode 31 ', which is assigned to the next pair of contact electrodes 11', 12 '. This distance is also small compared to the distance between the pair of electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12'.
Über die Lange des Heizelementes 1 sind Teilbereiche 13, 23, 33 vorgesehen, m denen in den Leiterschichten 20, 30 leitfahiges Material und in der Widerstandsschicht 10 Widerstandsmasse vorliegt. Die Teilbereiche 13, 23, 33 der einzelnen Schichten decken sich in Projektion aufeinander. Zwischen diesen Teilbereichen sind Abstände gegeben, in denen weder Widerstandsmasse noch elektrisch leitendes Material vorliegt. Diese Anstände erstrecken sich strei- fenformig über die gesamte Breite des Heizelementes. Die Abmessung des Streifens ist im Gegensatz zu der Abmessung der Teilbereiche 13, 23, 33 gering. Die Abstände dienen als mögliche Schnittkanten S beim Zerteilen des erfin- dungsgemaßen Heizelementes. In diesen Abstanden liegen lediglich die Isolierschichten sowie die sich durch die gesamte Lange des Heizelementes erstreckenden Kontaktelektroden vor.Over the length of the heating element 1, partial areas 13, 23, 33 are provided, in which there is conductive material in the conductor layers 20, 30 and resistance mass 10 in the resistance layer. The partial areas 13, 23, 33 of the individual layers overlap one another in a projection. There are distances between these sub-areas in which there is neither resistance mass nor electrically conductive material. These distances extend in the form of strips across the entire width of the heating element. In contrast to the dimensions of the partial areas 13, 23, 33, the dimension of the strip is small. The distances serve as possible cutting edges S when dividing the heating element according to the invention. Only the insulating layers and the contact electrodes extending through the entire length of the heating element are present at these distances.
Wie sich aus der Figur 2 ergibt können unterschiedliche Bereiche des Heizelementes 1 an die Stromversorgung ange- schlössen und dadurch erwärmt werden. So ist zum einen eine Kontaktierung der Kontakttelektroden 11', 12 in der Widerstandsschicht mit weiterem Anschluß der Leiterschichten 20, 30 über die Kontaktelektroden 21, 31 möglich. Bei einer solchen Kontaktierung wird das Heizelement über seine gesamte Breite und die über die Lange verteiltenAs can be seen from FIG. 2, different areas of the heating element 1 can be connected to the power supply and thereby heated. On the one hand, contacting the contact electrodes 11 ', 12 in the resistance layer with further connection of the conductor layers 20, 30 via the contact electrodes 21, 31 is possible. With such contacting, the heating element is distributed over its entire width and over the length
Teilbereiche erwärmt. Der Abstand zwischen den Teilbereichen wird vorzugsweise gering gehalten, um den Verlust an Flache, über die Warme abgegeben wird, zu minimieren.Sections warmed. The distance between the partial areas is preferably kept small in order to minimize the loss of area over which heat is emitted.
In Figur 3 ist eine Explosionsdarstellung eines Heizele- mentes 1 mit Teilbereichen 13, 23, 33 gezeigt. In dieser Darstellung ist die Lage der Kontaktelektroden in den ein- zelnen Schichten und insbesondere die relative Lage der Kontaktelektroden der einzelnen Schichten zueinander ersichtlich. Die Isolierschichten 40, 50, 60, 70 sind in Figur 3 nicht dargestellt.FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a heating element 1 with partial areas 13, 23, 33. In this illustration, the position of the contact electrodes in the individual layers and in particular the relative position of the contact electrodes of the individual layers to one another can be seen. The insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70 are not shown in FIG. 3.
Die Isolierschichten sind jedoch so dimensioniert, daß sie sich in Längs- und Breitenrichtung über die Flachen 10, 20, 30 hinaus erstrecken und vorzugsweise die über die Enden der Schichten hinausragenden Kontaktelektroden abdecken .However, the insulating layers are dimensioned such that they extend in the longitudinal and width directions beyond the surfaces 10, 20, 30 and preferably cover the contact electrodes projecting beyond the ends of the layers.
Die Große des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes ist variabel. Es können Breiten von z. B. 250 mm, 500 mm, 625 mm, 1000 mm, 1250 mm oder 1,5 m realisiert werden. Der Abstand zwischen den jeweils ein Kontaktelektrodenpaar bildenden Kontaktelektroden der Widerstandsschicht kann ebenfalls variiert werden. Es können z.B. Abstände von z.B. 10 cm vorgesehen sein. Auch eine feinere Unterteilung, d.h. ein geringerer Abstand zwischen den Elektroden des Kontaktelektrodenpaares, ist möglich. Durch eine solche feinere Unterteilung wird bei einer Ausfuhrungsform wie diese in Figur 2 und 3 dargestellt ist, die Möglichkeit gegeben, das Heizelement auf eine beliebige Breite zuzuschneiden. Zu diesem Zweck wird das Heizelement an einer Stelle S', die zwischen einer Kontaktelektrode 11 der Widerstandsschicht und der Kontaktelektrode 31' der zweiten Leiter- schicht liegt, durchtrennt. Bei der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausfuhrungsform wurden sich dadurch zwei separate Heizelemente ergeben, die unmittelbar eingesetzt werden können .The size of the heating element according to the invention is variable. Widths of e.g. B. 250 mm, 500 mm, 625 mm, 1000 mm, 1250 mm or 1.5 m can be realized. The distance between the contact electrodes of the resistance layer, each forming a pair of contact electrodes, can also be varied. For example, Distances of e.g. 10 cm should be provided. Also a finer subdivision, i.e. a smaller distance between the electrodes of the pair of contact electrodes is possible. Such a finer subdivision enables the heating element to be cut to an arbitrary width in an embodiment as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. For this purpose, the heating element is severed at a point S 'which lies between a contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer and the contact electrode 31' of the second conductor layer. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, this resulted in two separate heating elements that can be used directly.
Das erfindungsgemaße Heizelement weist somit den weiteren Vorteil auf, daß dieses mehrere Kontaktierungsmoglichkei- ten über die Breite, durch das Vorliegen mehrerer Kontaktelektrodenpaare, und über die Lange, durch die Abstände zwischen den Teilbereichen, liefern kann.The heating element according to the invention thus has the further advantage that it can provide a plurality of contacting options over the width, through the presence of a plurality of contact electrode pairs, and over the length, through the distances between the partial areas.
Als Material für die Widerstandsschicht können außer Ruß und Heizlack aus elektrisch leitendem Polymer auch andere Widerstandsmassen verwendet werden, die eine ausreichende Flexibilität aufweisen. Weiterhin kann die Widerstandsschicht auch aus einem Tragermaterial bestehen, das mit einer Widerstandsmasse beschichtet ist. Als Tragermateπal können Kunststoffgewebe, Glasfasermatten, Vliese und dergleichen verwendet werden. Es kann aber auch jede andere innen- oder aussenliegende Isolierschicht als Tragerschicht für die jeweils angrenzende (n) bzw. anliegende (n) Leiterschicht (en) ausgeführt sein.In addition to carbon black and heating lacquer made of electrically conductive polymer, others can also be used as the material for the resistance layer Resistance materials are used that have sufficient flexibility. Furthermore, the resistance layer can also consist of a carrier material which is coated with a resistance mass. Plastic fabrics, glass fiber mats, nonwovens and the like can be used as the carrier material. However, any other internal or external insulation layer can also be designed as a support layer for the respectively adjacent or adjacent conductor layer (s).
Die Leiterschichten werden erfmdungsgemaß vorzugsweise aus dem gleichen Material hergestellt, wie die Wider- standsschicht . Hierbei ist insbesondere die Verwendung von elektrisch leitenden Polymeren bevorzugt. Es liegt aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Leiterschichten aus einem anderen Material herzustellen. So können z.B. Alumi- mumfolien verwendet werden.According to the invention, the conductor layers are preferably produced from the same material as the resistance layer. The use of electrically conductive polymers is particularly preferred. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to produce the conductor layers from a different material. For example, Aluminum foils are used.
Die Dicke der einzelnen Schichten des Heizelementes kann je nach Einsatzgebiet unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Die äußeren Isolierschichten dienen neben der elektrischen Isolierung auch dem Schutz gegen mechanische Beschädigungen und können beispielsweise eine Dicke von 50-200 μm, vorzugsweise 100 μm aufweisen. Die zwischen der Wider- standsschicht und der ersten Leiterschicht liegende Isolierschicht kann z.B. eine Dicke von 50-100 μm, vorzugs- weise 75 μm, aufweisen und für die zwischen erster und zweiter Leiterschicht angeordnete Isolierschicht kann eine geringere Dicke von beispielsweise 10 - 50 μm, vorzugsweise 30 μm gewählt werden.The thickness of the individual layers of the heating element can be selected differently depending on the area of application. In addition to electrical insulation, the outer insulating layers also serve to protect against mechanical damage and can have a thickness of 50-200 μm, preferably 100 μm, for example. The insulating layer lying between the resistance layer and the first conductor layer can e.g. have a thickness of 50-100 μm, preferably 75 μm, and a smaller thickness of, for example, 10-50 μm, preferably 30 μm, can be selected for the insulating layer arranged between the first and second conductor layers.
Die Dicke der Widerstandsschicht variiert insbesondere ab- hangig von dem verwendeten Material . Besteht die Wider- standsschicht aus einem Material, das z. B. unmittelbar auf die Isolierschicht aufgedruckt wird, so kann die Dicke gering, z. B. 10 μm sein. Eine größere Dicke weist die Widerstandsschicht in Fallen auf, in denen diese ein Tra- germaterial umfaßt. Hier können Dicken von z. B. 3000 μm gewählt werden. Die Dicke der ersten Leiterschicht liegt typischerweise im Bereich von beispielsweise 10 - 50 μm und die der zweiten Leiterschicht im Bereich von 50 - 100 μm .The thickness of the resistance layer varies in particular depending on the material used. If the resistance layer consists of a material that, for. B. is printed directly on the insulating layer, the thickness can be small, z. B. 10 microns. The resistance layer has a greater thickness in cases in which it comprises a carrier material. Here thicknesses of z. B. 3000 microns can be selected. The thickness of the first conductor layer is typically in the range from 10 to 50 μm, for example, and that of the second conductor layer in the range from 50 to 100 μm.
Die einzelnen Schichten des er indungsgemaßen Heizelemen- tes können durch herkömmliche Verfahren miteinander verbunden werden. Bevorzugt werden die Widerstandsschicht und die Leiterschichten bzw. die jeweiligen Teilbereiche in diesen Schichten in Form eines Heizlackfilms, der elektrisch leitendes Polymer umfaßt, auf jeweils eine Isolier- schicht aufgetragen. Diese mit dem leitenden Material bedeckten Isolierschichten werden entweder wahrend des Be- schichtungsvorganges oder im Anschluß daran mit Kontaktelektroden versehen. Vorzugsweise werden Metallbander , z.B. Lahnbander aus Kupfer, als Kontaktelektroden verwen- det. Die so erzeugten Laminate werden anschließend miteinander verbunden. Hierbei kann das Material der Widerstandsschicht bzw. der elektrisch leitenden Schichten selber als Haftmittel dienen. Es liegt aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die einzelnen Schichten oder vorgefertigten Laminate durch Einbringen von Kunststoffolien z. B. Polyesterfolien und anschließender thermischer Behandlung miteinander zu verbinden.The individual layers of the heating element according to the invention can be connected to one another by conventional methods. The resistance layer and the conductor layers or the respective subregions in these layers are preferably applied to an insulating layer in the form of a heating lacquer film which comprises an electrically conductive polymer. These insulating layers covered with the conductive material are provided with contact electrodes either during the coating process or subsequently. Metal strips, e.g. Lahn band made of copper, used as contact electrodes. The laminates produced in this way are then joined together. The material of the resistance layer or the electrically conductive layers itself can serve as an adhesive. But it is also within the scope of the invention, the individual layers or prefabricated laminates by introducing plastic films such. B. polyester films and subsequent thermal treatment.
Die Kontaktelektroden können in die Widerstandsschicht bzw. Leiterschicht eingearbeitet oder auf dieser befestigt sein. Als Haftmittel können entweder das Material derThe contact electrodes can be incorporated into the resistance layer or conductor layer or fastened to it. Either the material of the
Schicht oder andere bekannte leitende Kontakt kleber verwendet werden.Layer or other known conductive contact adhesive can be used.
Die Isolierschichten können aus bekannten Isoliermaterialien bestehen, z. B. aus Polyester und können in Form von Folien eingesetzt werden.The insulating layers can consist of known insulating materials, e.g. B. made of polyester and can be used in the form of films.
Der Betrag, um den die Kontaktelektroden über zumindest eine Seite der jeweiligen Schicht (Widerstandsschicht bzw. Leiterschicht) hervorsteht, kann beispielsweise 5 mm betragen. Der Abstand zwischen den Teilbereichen, die mit Widerstandsmasse bzw. elektrisch leitendem Material be- schichtet sind, kann z. B. 10 mm betragen. Wird das Heizelement in der Mitte dieses Abstandes, d. h. 5 mm vom nächsten Teilbereich entfernt durchtrennt, entstehen zwei Heizelementteile, die jeweils mehrere Kontaktierungsmog- lichkeiten an der Schnittkante aufweisen.The amount by which the contact electrodes protrude beyond at least one side of the respective layer (resistance layer or conductor layer) can be, for example, 5 mm. The distance between the sub-areas that are covered with resistance mass or electrically conductive material are layered, z. B. 10 mm. If the heating element is cut through in the middle of this distance, ie 5 mm from the next partial area, two heating element parts are created, each with several contacting options at the cutting edge.
Die Lange der Teilbereiche kann z. B. 200 mm betragen. Die Teilbereiche können auch in sich unterteilt sein. Hierzu werden m gewissen Abstanden in Längs- und/oder Breitenrichtung in Abstanden von z.B. 10 mm schmale Streifen von beispielsweise 3 mm vorgesehen, die frei von Widerstandsmasse bzw. elektrisch leitendem Material sind. Durch diese Streifen wird ein Verschweißen der Isolierschichten an diesen Stellen ermöglicht und somit die Festigkeit des gesamten Heizelementes, d. h. insbesondere die Haftung der einzelnen Schichten, verbessert.The length of the subareas can e.g. B. 200 mm. The partial areas can also be divided into themselves. For this purpose, at certain distances in the longitudinal and / or width direction at distances of e.g. 10 mm narrow strips of, for example, 3 mm are provided, which are free of resistance mass or electrically conductive material. These strips allow the insulating layers to be welded at these points and thus the strength of the entire heating element, i. H. especially the adhesion of the individual layers, improved.
Um das erf dungsgemaße Heizelement wasserdicht zu halten, kann beim Zerteilen des Heizelementes zugleich eine thermische Behandlung der Schnittkante vorgenommen werden, wodurch die Kontaktelektroden in die Isolierschichten ein- geschweißt werden.In order to keep the heating element according to the invention watertight, a thermal treatment of the cut edge can be carried out at the same time when the heating element is divided, as a result of which the contact electrodes are welded into the insulating layers.
Durch geeignete Wahl der Materialien der Widerstandsschicht und Leiterschichten sowie durch die bei dem erfin- dungsgemaßen Heizelement verwendbaren geringen Dicken der einzelnen Schichten, ist es möglich, ein Heizelement be- liebiger Große herzustellen. Aufgrund der Flexibilität des gesamten Heizelementes kann dieses als Endlosprodukt hergestellt werden. Dieses Endlosprodukt kann auf Rollen aufgehaspelt und nach Bedarf abgerollt werden. Zur Herstellung eines solchen Endlosmaterials können herkömmliche Lammierungsvorrichtungen eingesetzt werden, bei denen die Schichten zu einer Multilayerstruktur verarbeitet werden. Bei einem Endlosprodukt wird vorzugsweise eine Ausfuhrungsform des erfindungsgemaßen Heizelementes gewählt, das die Widerstandsmasse und das leitende Material nur m Teilbereichen aufweist und bei dem mehrere Elektrodenpaare m der Widerstandsschicht vorgesehen sind, wobei den Elek- trodenpaaren jeweils eine Kontaktelektrode in der ersten und zweiten Leiterschicht zugeordnet ist.Through a suitable choice of the materials of the resistance layer and conductor layers as well as through the small thicknesses of the individual layers that can be used with the heating element according to the invention, it is possible to produce a heating element of any size. Due to the flexibility of the entire heating element, it can be manufactured as an endless product. This continuous product can be rolled up on rolls and unrolled as required. Conventional lamination devices in which the layers are processed into a multilayer structure can be used to produce such a continuous material. In the case of an endless product, an embodiment of the heating element according to the invention is preferably selected which has the resistance mass and the conductive material only in m partial areas and in which a plurality of electrode pairs are provided in the resistance layer, the electrodes a pair of contact electrodes in the first and second conductor layers.
Durch die Abstände zwischen den Teilbereichen, bzw. die Abstände zwischen der Kontaktelektrode der Widerstands- schicht und einer in Projektion seitlich dazu versetzten Kontaktelektrode der ersten oder zweiten Leiterschicht werden Schnittkanten definiert, entlang derer das erfin- dungsgemaße Heizelement zerteilt werden kann. Somit ist es möglich, das Heizelement vor Ort in die gew nschte Große zu schneiden und mit der Stromzufuhrung zu kontaktieren. Hierbei werden aufgrund der Vielzahl von Kontaktelektrodenpaaren in der Widerstandsschicht mehrere Kontaktmog- lichkeiten über die Breite des Heizelementes gegeben, die abhangig von der Position der Stromzufuhrung und der zu erwärmenden Flache ausgewählt werden können.The distances between the partial areas, or the distances between the contact electrode of the resistance layer and a contact electrode of the first or second conductor layer laterally offset in projection, define cut edges along which the heating element according to the invention can be divided. It is therefore possible to cut the heating element into the desired size on site and to contact it with the power supply. Due to the large number of contact electrode pairs in the resistance layer, several contact possibilities are given across the width of the heating element, which can be selected depending on the position of the power supply and the area to be heated.
Es liegt ferner im Rahmen der Erfindung, ein Heizelement zu schaffen, bei dem mehr als zwei Leiterschichten vorgesehen sind.It is also within the scope of the invention to provide a heating element in which more than two conductor layers are provided.
Die Position der Kontaktelektroden und der Teilbereiche bzw. der Widerstandsschicht und Leiterschicht wird vorzugsweise auf der obersten und untersten Isolierschicht gekennzeichnet, so daß der Benutzer die möglichen Kontaktstellen leicht erkennen kann. The position of the contact electrodes and of the partial areas or of the resistance layer and conductor layer is preferably marked on the top and bottom insulating layers, so that the user can easily recognize the possible contact points.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Widerstandsflachen-Heizelement (1), das zumindest eine Widerstandsschicht (10), zwei Leiterschichten (20, 30), sowie zwischen den jeweiligen Schichten (10, 20, 30) angeordnete Isolierschichten (40, 50) umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die auf die Widerstandsschicht (10) folgende, erste Leiterschicht (20) als Neutralleiter und die nachfolgende, zweite Leiterschicht (30) als zu erdender Schutzleiter ausgeführt sind.1. resistance surface heating element (1), which comprises at least one resistance layer (10), two conductor layers (20, 30), and between the respective layers (10, 20, 30) arranged insulating layers (40, 50), characterized in that the first conductor layer (20) following the resistance layer (10) is designed as a neutral conductor and the subsequent, second conductor layer (30) is designed as a protective conductor to be grounded.
2. Heizelement gemass Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsschicht (10) an zwei Seiten im Randbereich jeweils eine Kontaktelektrode (11, 12) und die erste und zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) im Randbereich jeweils eine Kontaktelektrode (21, 31) aufweisen, die Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) in Längsrichtung an zumindest einer Seite über die jeweiligen Schichten (10, 20, 30) hinausragen, und2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance layer (10) on two sides in the edge region each have a contact electrode (11, 12) and the first and second conductor layers (20, 30) in the edge region each have a contact electrode (21, 31) having contact electrodes (11, 12, 21, 31) projecting in the longitudinal direction on at least one side beyond the respective layers (10, 20, 30), and
eine Kontaktelektrode (12) der Widerstandsschicht (10) sich mit der Kontaktelektrode (21) der ersten Leiterschicht (20) in der Projektion deckt wahrend die Kontaktelektrode (31) der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) zu der Kontaktelektrode (12) der Widerstandsschicht (10) bzw. zur Kontaktelektrode (21) der ersten Leiterschicht (20) ver- setzt angeordnet ist.a contact electrode (12) of the resistance layer (10) coincides with the contact electrode (21) of the first conductor layer (20) in the projection, while the contact electrode (31) of the second conductor layer (30) to the contact electrode (12) of the resistance layer (10) or is arranged offset to the contact electrode (21) of the first conductor layer (20).
3. Heizelement gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) m horizontaler und/oder vertikaler Richtung im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.3. Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact electrodes (11, 12, 21, 31) in the horizontal and / or vertical direction are arranged substantially parallel to one another.
4. Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der den übrigen Schichten abgewandten Seite der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) und der Widerstandsschicht (10) jeweils eine weitere Isolierschicht (60, 70) angebracht ist.4. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the side facing away from the other layers of the second conductor layer (30) and Resistance layer (10) each have a further insulating layer (60, 70) attached.
5. Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die über die Leiterschichten (20, 30) bzw. die Widerstandsschicht (10) hinausragenden Enden der Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) jeweils von den diese umgebenden Isolierschichten (40, 50, 60, 70) bedeckt sind.5. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ends of the contact electrodes (11, 12, 21, 31) projecting from the conductor layers (20, 30) or the resistance layer (10) each from the insulating layers surrounding them (40, 50, 60, 70) are covered.
6. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandsschicht (10) als Widerstandsmasse Ruß oder em elektrisch leitendes Polymer umfaßt.6. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance layer (10) comprises carbon black or an electrically conductive polymer as a resistance mass.
7. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandsschicht (10), die erste und die zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) aus dem gleichen Material bestehen.7. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance layer (10), the first and the second conductor layer (20, 30) consist of the same material.
8. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine Isolierschicht als Tragerschicht für die jeweils angrenzende (n) Leiterschicht (en) dient.8. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one insulating layer serves as a support layer for the respectively adjacent (n) conductor layer (s).
9. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstandsschicht (10) und in der ersten und zweiten Leiterschicht (20, 30) Offnungen (14, 24, 34) der Flache vorgesehen sind, wobei sich diese Offnungen (14, 24, 34) der Projektion aufeinander decken.9. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance layer (10) and in the first and second conductor layers (20, 30) openings (14, 24, 34) of the surface are provided, these openings (14, 24, 34) of the projection.
10. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsschicht (10) sowie die zwei Leiterschichten (20, 30) jeweils in Teilbereichen (23, 33) e leitfahiges Material aufweisen, wobei die Widerstandsschicht (10) mindestens zwei Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 11', 12') und die erste und zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) jeweils mindestens eine jeweils einem Kontaktelektrodenpaar der Widerstandsschicht (10) zugeordnete Kontaktelektrode (21, 21', 31, 31') aufweisen, die sich in Längsrichtung in der jeweiligen Schicht (10, 20, 30) erstrecken und an mindestens einem Ende über die mit leit- fahigem Material bzw. mit Widerstandsmasse versehenen Teilbereiche (13, 22, 32) hinausragen.10. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance layer (10) and the two conductor layers (20, 30) each have subconductive material in partial areas (23, 33), the resistance layer (10) having at least two contact electrodes ( 11, 12, 11 ', 12') and the first and second conductor layers (20, 30) each have at least one contact electrode (21, 21 ', 31, 31') assigned to a pair of contact electrodes of the resistance layer (10) Extend the longitudinal direction in the respective layer (10, 20, 30) and protrude at least at one end beyond the partial areas (13, 22, 32) provided with conductive material or with resistance mass.
11. Heizelement gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Kontaktelektroden (11, 11', 12, 12', 21, 21', 31, 31') über die gesamte Lange des Heizelementes (1) erstrecken .11. Heating element according to claim 10, characterized in that the contact electrodes (11, 11 ', 12, 12', 21, 21 ', 31, 31') extend over the entire length of the heating element (1).
12. Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die mit Widerstandsmasse bzw. leitfahigem Material versehenen Teilbereiche (13, 23, 33) über die gesamte Breite des Heizelementes (1) erstrecken .12. Heating element according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the partial areas (13, 23, 33) provided with resistance mass or conductive material extend over the entire width of the heating element (1).
13. Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwischen den Teilbereichen (13, 23, 33) der jeweiligen Schicht (10, 20, 30) liegenden, streifenformigen Abstände frei von Widerstandsmasse bzw. leitfahigem Material sind.13. Heating element according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the strip-shaped distances between the partial areas (13, 23, 33) of the respective layer (10, 20, 30) are free of resistance mass or conductive material.
14. Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Teilbereiche (13, 23, 33) der einzelnen Schichten (10, 20, 30) in Projektion aufeinander decken.14. Heating element according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the partial areas (13, 23, 33) of the individual layers (10, 20, 30) overlap each other in projection.
15. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichtdicke aussenliegender Isolierschichten 50-200 μm und diejenige innenliegender Isolierschichten 10-100 μm betragt.15. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer thickness of the outer insulating layers is 50-200 μm and that of the inner insulating layers is 10-100 μm.
16. Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichtdicke der leitenden Schichten 10-3000 μm betragt, wobei die Schichtdicke der ersten Leiterschicht (20) vorzugsweise 10-50 μm und diejenige der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) vorzugsweise 50-100 μm betragt . 16. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer thickness of the conductive layers is 10-3000 μm, the layer thickness of the first conductor layer (20) preferably 10-50 μm and that of the second conductor layer (30) preferably 50-100 μm.
EP99941575A 1998-08-10 1999-08-10 Heating member with resistive surface Expired - Lifetime EP1106033B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19836148 1998-08-10
DE19836148A DE19836148A1 (en) 1998-08-10 1998-08-10 Resistance surface heating element
PCT/EP1999/005842 WO2000010365A1 (en) 1998-08-10 1999-08-10 Heating member with resistive surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1106033A1 true EP1106033A1 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1106033B1 EP1106033B1 (en) 2003-02-12

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EP99941575A Expired - Lifetime EP1106033B1 (en) 1998-08-10 1999-08-10 Heating member with resistive surface

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US (1) US6426489B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1106033B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE232676T1 (en)
AU (1) AU747734B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2340164A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19836148A1 (en)
EA (1) EA002670B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2193740T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2000010365A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200100940B (en)

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AU747734B2 (en) 2002-05-23
ZA200100940B (en) 2002-02-04
US6426489B1 (en) 2002-07-30
ES2193740T3 (en) 2003-11-01
DE59904286D1 (en) 2003-03-20
EP1106033B1 (en) 2003-02-12
EA200100232A1 (en) 2001-08-27
EA002670B1 (en) 2002-08-29
WO2000010365A1 (en) 2000-02-24
CA2340164A1 (en) 2000-02-24
AU5513999A (en) 2000-03-06
ATE232676T1 (en) 2003-02-15
DE19836148A1 (en) 2000-03-02

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