EP1104496A1 - Dispositif de controle d'acces entre une clef et une serrure electroniques - Google Patents
Dispositif de controle d'acces entre une clef et une serrure electroniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1104496A1 EP1104496A1 EP99936707A EP99936707A EP1104496A1 EP 1104496 A1 EP1104496 A1 EP 1104496A1 EP 99936707 A EP99936707 A EP 99936707A EP 99936707 A EP99936707 A EP 99936707A EP 1104496 A1 EP1104496 A1 EP 1104496A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lock
- key
- access control
- electronic
- power signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00634—Power supply for the lock
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an access control device between an electronic key and lock, or, more generally, between a portable object and a fixed object, provided with access control functions and playing the role of a electronic key and lock.
- Access control systems to closed enclosures intended to shelter and protect fiduciary values have given rise, to date, to many developments. This is in particular the case with regard to letter boxes for which mechanical opening and closing systems and, more recently, electronic, with regard to protected enclosures, have been implemented.
- the process of remote supply of the key by the lock poses maintenance constraints, change or recharge of electrical energy resources, or implementation, integration of an energy source electric at the level of the lock, in particular, when the number of locks is large as in the case of letter boxes in urban areas, for example.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the mechanical and electronic systems of the prior art by the implementation of an access control device between an electronic key and lock in which any presence of a source of electrical energy at the electronic lock, if necessary the fixed base of the support of this electronic lock, can be eliminated.
- Another object of the present invention is, consequently, the implementation of an access control system between an electronic key and lock in which any periodic intervention to change or recharge an electrical energy source at the electronic lock can be removed.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of an access control device between an electronic key and lock allowing, in connection with the power supply process of the device, the implementation of protocols high security access control.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of an access control device between an electronic key and lock allowing the implementation of an access control process by exchange of digital data between the electronic key and lock, in the absence of any electrical contact between the electronic key and lock.
- Another object of the present invention is finally the implementation of an access control device between an electronic key and lock in which the process of supplying electrical power to the device is implemented in the absence of electrical contact between the electronic key and lock.
- the access control device between an electronic key and lock, object of the present invention this electronic key comprising at least one source of electrical energy, a logical key calculation unit, a transmission - reception module of key access control signals and this electronic lock comprising at least one logic unit for calculating a lock and a transmission module - reception of lock access control signals for implementing a control protocol of access between this electronic key and this lock, is remarkable in that, on the one hand, the electronic key further comprises a module generating a power signal supplied by the source of electrical energy and controlled by the logical key calculation unit and a key transfer module for the key and lock access control signals and the power signal, and in that, on the other hand, the electronic lock comprises in or be a door lock transfer module key and lock access control and power signal control modules and a module for storing the electric energy carried by the power signal, which ensures the unidirectional transfer of the electric energy carried by the power signal from the electronic key to the electronic lock and bidirectional transfer of the key and lock access control signals between the electronic key and the electronic lock.
- FIG. la shows, in the form of a functional diagram, a general view of the access control device between an electronic key and lock, in accordance with the object of the present invention
- FIG. 1b represents, as a first nonlimiting example, a sequential diagram of the process for supplying the lock with the electronic key and then for bidirectional transfer of data between the electronic key and lock in a device conforming to the object of the present invention
- FIG. 2a represents a variant implementation of the access control device between an electronic key and lock, in accordance with the object of the pre- invention, in which a standby function of the electronic lock is ensured by virtue of an auxiliary source of electrical energy integrated into the electronic lock;
- - Figure 2b shows, as a second non-limiting example, a sequential diagram of the process of supplying the lock by the electronic key in the case of the existence of a standby function allocated to the electronic lock, in accordance with embodiment of FIG. 2a;
- FIG. 3a represents a time diagram of the operations of unidirectional energy and bidirectional transfer of data between the electronic key and lock in connection with the waveform of the power signal generated by the electronic key, these operations possibly corresponding to those executed according to the sequential diagram represented in FIG. 1b;
- FIG. 3b represents a time diagram of the operations of unidirectional energy and bidirectional transfer of data between the electronic key and lock in connection with the waveform of the power signal generated by the electronic key, in a preferred variant of implementation in which these operations are alternated;
- - Figure 4a shows a perspective view of an electronic key, according to the object of the present invention, in a non-limiting preferential hardware embodiment;
- FIG. 4b shows a perspective view of an electronic lock, according to the object of the pre- invention, in a preferred nonlimiting material embodiment
- FIG. 4c shows a partial view of the access control device between a key and an electronic lock, in accordance with the object of the present invention, when the electronic key and lock are brought together for the purpose of an access attempt;
- FIG. 5a shows an electrical diagram of all the functional modules of the electronic key in an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example
- FIG. 5b shows an electrical diagram of all the functional modules of the electronic lock in an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example
- FIG. 5c shows, by way of illustration, an image of the waveform of the power signal in unidirectional power transfer mode between the electronic key and lock
- - Figure 6a shows a flowchart relating to an access control protocol between a key and an electronic lock constituting a device according to the object of the present invention
- FIG. 6b represents, purely by way of illustration, a specific mode of implementation of the access control protocol, object of the invention, as represented in FIG. 6a.
- the electronic key 1 comprises at least one source of electrical energy lo, this source consisting for example of a storage battery with which is associated a battery management module, this management module may present, in a manner known as such, more or less sophisticated functions for managing the energy contained in the storage battery. For this reason, the module for managing the accumulator battery will not be described in detail in the present description.
- the electronic key 1 also comprises an emission module - receiving 1 2 control signals key access.
- This module 1 2 may comprise, advantageously, a transmission module of key access control signals and a module for receiving the lock access control signals, these signals being transmitted digitally, as well as 'It will be described in more detail later in the description.
- the key access control signals designate the access control signals emitted by the key towards the lock
- the lock access control signals designate the access control signals emitted by the lock towards the key.
- the electronic key 1 finally comprises a logical key calculation unit, bearing the reference li, this logical unit being responsible for controlling all of the operating operations of the electronic key.
- the electronic lock 2 comprises at least one logic unit for calculating a lock, bearing the reference 2 ⁇ , and a mo- dule of emission - reception 2 2 of lock access control signals.
- the logic unit for calculating the lock 2 also makes it possible to control all of the operating operations of the electronic lock 2.
- the transmission module - reception 1 2 of key access control signals, the transmission module - reception 2 2 of lock access control signals allow the implementation of an access control protocol between the aforementioned electronic key and lock 1, 2.
- the access control device object of the present invention, further comprises, at the level of the electronic key 1, a module generating a power signal, bearing the reference 1 3 this generator module being supplied by the source of electrical energy lo and can, of course, be controlled by the logical key calculation unit li.
- a module generating a power signal bearing the reference 1 3 this generator module being supplied by the source of electrical energy lo and can, of course, be controlled by the logical key calculation unit li.
- all of the functional modules for managing the battery 1 0 , transmitting - receiving 1 2 of key access control signals and power generator 1 3 are connected by a link to the logic calculation unit. li key and controlled by it.
- the electronic key 1 comprises a key transfer circuit, bearing the reference 1 4 , key access control signals and lock as well as, in accordance with a particularly aspect advantage of the access control device, object of the present invention, of the power signal generated by the module originator 1 3 . More specifically, it is indicated that the aforementioned key transfer circuit 1 4 is connected, on the one hand, to the module generating the power signal 1 3 and, on the other hand, to the transmission - reception module key access control signals 1 2 under conditions which will be explained in more detail later in the description.
- the electronic lock 2 comprises, for the purpose of constituting the access control device, object of the present invention, a circuit for transferring lock of the access control signals of key and lock and the aforementioned power signal.
- This lock transfer circuit has the reference 2 4 .
- the electronic lock 2 also includes a module 2s making it possible to ensure the storage and therefore the recovery of the electrical energy conveyed by the power signal.
- the lock 2 can, as shown in a nonlimiting manner in FIG. La, be further provided with a module for recovering a clock signal, bearing the reference 2 3 , this clock signal being able to be recovered at starting from the power signal, as will be described in a nonlimiting manner later in the description.
- the functional modules constituting the electronic lock 2 that is to say the transmission module - reception of the lock access control signals 2 2 , the electrical energy storage module 2 5 and, where appropriate, the clock recovery module 2 3 , are connected via a link to the logic unit for calculating the lock 2 ⁇ .
- the lock transfer circuit 2 4 it is indicated that the latter is of course connected, on the one hand, to the transmission - reception module 2 2 of the lock access control signals, and, on the other hand , to the module 2s for storing electrical energy as well as, if necessary, to the module 2 3 for clock recovery, as will be described in more detail later in the description.
- the access control device object of the present invention, allows the implementation of an access control protocol in which are carried out, on the one hand, a unidirectional transfer of electrical energy conveyed by the power signal from the electronic key to the electronic lock, and, on the other hand, the bidirectional transfer of the key and lock access control signals between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2, as well as 'it will be described below.
- the key transfer circuit 1 4 and the lock transfer circuit 2 4 are advantageously constituted by at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding of a transformer.
- the primary windings, denoted Li, and secondary, denoted L 2 are then coupled electromagnetically when the electronic key and the electronic lock are brought into contact, this bringing together being carried out to achieve a access attempt.
- the operating mode of the access control device, object of the present invention, as shown in FIG. La can be illustrated, by way of non-limiting example tative, as shown in Figure lb.
- the lock 2 has no permanent source of electrical energy, all the transfer of electrical energy from the electronic key to the electronic lock making it possible to meet the necessary needs for electrical energy, in order to conduct the access control protocol in accordance with the object of the present invention.
- the unidirectional transfer of the electrical energy conveyed by the power signal from the electronic key to the electronic lock this power signal being denoted PS, can be carried out before the bidirectional transfer key and lock access control signals between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2.
- FIG. 1B the operations of unidirectional transfer of energy from the key to the lock and then of bidirectional transfer of data between the electronic lock and the electronic key, and vice versa, are represented in FIG. 1B by two successive steps. noticeably distinct.
- a more elaborate embodiment of the control device access, object of the present invention may consist in providing, at the level of the lock 2, an auxiliary electrical energy source, bearing the reference 20 .
- this auxiliary energy source at the level of the lock 2, makes it possible to ensure a standby function of the latter.
- the auxiliary electrical power source 2 o is adapted so as to allow, at least, the supply of the logic unit for calculating lock 2 ⁇ as well as the reception part of the transmission - reception module. 2 2 , in order to enable the standby function to be carried out under the authority of the lock 2 logic unit.
- FIG 2b there is shown a sequential diagram of an access control protocol implemented by the access control device, object of the present invention, shown in Figure 2a, in the case of existence a standby function at lock 2.
- the bidirectional transfer of the key and lock access control signals, or at least part of these, between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2 is carried out prior to the unidirectional transfer of the electrical energy conveyed by the power signal PS from the electronic key 1 to the electronic lock 2.
- the lock 2 can thus transmit to the electronic key 1 an identification request message, denoted RID.
- the electronic key 1 can transmit an MID identification message to lock 2 and, on identification criteria satisfied with this identification message, lock 2 transmits in response an identification response message to electronic key 1, this message being noted ACKID in Figure 2b.
- This acknowledgment message can then allow the unidirectional energy transfer process to be carried out via the PS signal between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2. Under these conditions, the unidirectional energy transfer is performed conditional on the success of the at least partial bidirectional transfer of data during the standby function.
- the access control protocol in accordance with the subject of the present invention, can then be continued between the electronic lock 2 and the electronic key 1 according to an access control process. specific consisting of a succession of exchanges of messages, encrypted or not, the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2 can be provided with encryption - decryption means, as will be described in more detail later in the description.
- FIG. 2a and 2b The operating modes as illustrated in FIG. 2a and 2b in a sequential manner will now be explained in conjunction with FIGS. 3a and 3b respectively, the aforementioned figures making it possible to introduce a more detailed temporal definition of the different sequences implemented.
- the power signal PS in this embodiment advantageous, being constituted by an asymmetrical periodic signal and consequently comprising substantially a half period of high amplitude, amplitude denoted M, and a half period of low amplitude, denoted m.
- this operating mode corresponding to that shown in Figure lb
- the unidirectional transfer of energy between the key and the electronic lock can advantageously be carried out over a plurality of half periods of high amplitude of the power signal PS, the step of unidirectional transfer of key / lock energy bearing the reference 1 in FIG. 3a.
- the number of successive half periods of high amplitudes during which the unidirectional transfer of energy between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2 is carried out can then be calculated as a function of the total energy necessary for carrying out the bidirectional transfer.
- of data between the electronic key 1 and the electronic lock 2 for the implementation of the access control protocol proper by bidirectional transfer of key / lock data as shown in FIG. 1b, this step bearing the reference 2 in Figure 3a.
- the transmission of the power signal PS is shown in dotted lines. Such a transmission can indeed be maintained during the step of bidirectional transfer of data between the key and the lock, step 2.
- the simultaneous transmission of the PS power signal and of the data between the electronic key and lock can be carried out without difficulty as long as the clipping of the signal caused by the transmission of the PS power signal does not interfere with the bidirectional transfer of the data .
- the electrical energy transmitted to the electronic lock 2 can thus be maintained at a substantially constant level for the conduct of the entire access control protocol, object of the present invention.
- the data is transmitted over several consecutive periods because the modulation frequency must be low compared to the carrier frequency.
- the unidirectional transfer of the electrical energy conveyed by the power signal PS and the bidirectional transfer of the key and lock access control signals can be carried out alternately over substantially a half high period. amplitude and substantially half a period of low amplitude respectively.
- step 1 of unidirectional transfer of key / lock energy is in a way distributed over all the half periods of high amplitude of the power signal PS
- step 2 of bidirectional transfer of key data / lock is itself distributed over the half periods of low amplitude
- the steps of unidirectional transfer of energy key / lock and transfer bi- directional key / lock data 2 then being nested as shown in Figure 3b, and performed alternately.
- a corresponding access control protocol will be described in more detail later in the description.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b A more detailed description of an electronic key and lock allowing the implementation of an access control device, in accordance with the object of the present invention, will now be given in conjunction with FIGS. 4a and 4b in a nonlimiting hardware embodiment.
- the electronic key can be produced in the form of a block of molded material, bearing the reference Bi, the block of molded airfield being for example injected around a printed circuit board, noted PICi, on which are mounted the various functional modules previously mentioned in the description in conjunction with FIGS. 1a or 2a, these functional modules bearing for this reason the same references and being represented, as is the printed circuit board, in dotted.
- the block Bi constituting the body of the electronic key can then be provided for example with an on / off switch, marked ON / OFF, as well as with a serial or parallel interface, denoted PI, this serial interface or parallel being connected, by a link by BUS, to the logical unit for calculating key li, in order to allow for example the programming of the aforementioned electronic key.
- This programming can also be carried out via the primary winding of the transformer.
- unit key calculation logic li constituted for example by a microcontroller, are associated with the conventional elements such as random access memory and read only memory, not shown in the drawings. Specific programs such as programs for conducting the access control protocol in accordance with the object of the present invention can be stored in the ROM.
- the electronic key 1 notably comprises the module generating the power signal PS, referenced 1 3 , and of course the key transmission-reception module 1 2 , the assembly being controlled by the key calculation unit li.
- the implementation of the access control protocol of the device, object of the present invention can be achieved by simple commissioning of the power supply for all of the aforementioned functional modules.
- the operation of the module generating the power signal 1 3 triggered by this start-up can then be free, that is to say in the absence of effective control of the logic unit of key calculation l ⁇ , as will be described later in the description. In such a case, however, the power signal generator module is not connected to the key calculation logic unit.
- the key transfer circuit 1 4 of the key and lock access control signals it is indicated, as shown in FIG. 4a above, that this can be achieved by means of a winding. 140 mounted on a sleeve 141 shown projecting in FIG. 4a, this sleeve being implanted in the injected block Bi, which ensures adequate mechanical maintenance of the assembly constituted by the sleeve 141 and the winding 140.
- the connection of the winding 140 to the power signal generator module 1 3 and to the key transmission-reception module 1 2 is carried out by a wire connection, which is also embedded in the injected block Bi.
- the box Bi can be provided with an inspection hatch, denoted TV, allowing access to the accumulator battery constituting the source of electrical energy 1 0 .
- the winding 140 is itself constituted by contiguous turns by means of an electrically insulated copper wire.
- the sleeve 141 is advantageously made of a magnetic material such as a ferrite rod for example.
- a comparable embodiment can be envisaged from a box B 2 made of molded injected plastic material, this box B 2 being integrated into the letter box or to the BL enclosure whose access is reserved.
- the box B 2 can, in the same way as in the case of FIG.
- a manufacturing method can then consist in providing the printed circuit board PIC 2 with a notch, denoted ENC, in which the lock transfer circuit 2 is mounted.
- ENC a notch
- the key transfer circuit 2 4 is constituted by a winding with contiguous turns, which is fixed and maintained in the notch ENC and suitably connected to the functional modules 2 3 , 2 5 and 2 2 previously mentioned in the description.
- a hollow tube 242 can then be inserted constituting for the winding 240 constituting the transfer circuit 24 a sleeve to which can be optionally imparted electromagnetic properties.
- the hollow tube and / or the cavity 242 can for this purpose be made of a magnetic ferrite material such as the sleeve 141 relative to FIG. 4a.
- both of the electronic key and of the lock can be envisaged.
- the male character of the key represented by the protruding sleeve 141 in FIG. 4a
- the female character of the lock represented by the cavity 241
- the sleeve 141 and the cavity 241, as well as the hollow tube 242 may have a section of revolution, circular, or polygonal.
- the electrically insulated copper wire allowing the winding 140 and the winding 240 of the key and lock transfer circuits, was a copper wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm, the sleeve 141 had a total length of 30 mm, the part of the protruding sleeve emerging from the housing Bi over a length of 25 mm.
- the diameter of the assembly constituted by the sleeve 141 and the winding 140 had a value of 11 mm.
- this cavity As regards the cavity 241, this being provided with the hollow tube 242 as shown in FIG. 4b, this cavity had an internal diameter dimension of 11 mm, allowing the insertion of the protruding sleeve of the same dimension.
- the implementation of the cavity 241 is not limited to an implementation by boring. Indeed, it is also possible to inject the material constituting the block B 2 around the printed circuit board PIC 2 by introducing into the coil 240 a rod of suitable diameter. The removal of the rod then makes it possible to form the aforementioned cavity 241. This operating mode then makes it possible to adjust the thickness of injected material separating the winding from the cavity thus produced, which makes it possible to improve the coupling of the windings 240 and 140 when the key and the lock are brought into contact.
- FIG 4c there is shown, in a sectional view, the relative position of the electronic key and the electronic lock when the key is placed in the presence of the lock to make an access attempt.
- the windings 140 and 240 constituting the key transfer circuits, respectively lock are placed opposite, the positioning of the latter being established accordingly.
- a specific, non-limiting embodiment may consist, at the level of the lock, of providing separate windings for the energy recovery module. 2 5 and for the transceiver module 2 2 , these two modules then being completely separate.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b A more detailed description of an advantageous embodiment of the functional modules of the electronic key and lock will now be given in conjunction with FIGS. 5a and 5b.
- the source of electrical energy 1 0 can be constituted by a rechargeable battery.
- This battery can be a battery of the type intended for portable telephones, with a nominal voltage of 4.8 V and a capacity of 600 mAh.
- the storage battery can be recharged by electrical contact from external terminals accessible for example at the parallel interface, or, if necessary, via the contactless connection of the key, i.e. via the transfer circuit 1 4 .
- the battery management module can then manage the recharging operation.
- the stop / start ON / OFF button has the effect of powering electronic circuits other than any circuits which are permanently supplied, such as a clock. real time for example.
- Another solution may consist in implementing an automatic start / stop following the automatic detection of a lock by the key.
- Such a function can be achieved, by electromagnetic detection of the presence of the key and a lock for example.
- the battery management module represented in FIG. 1a or 2a, can incorporate such a detection system in order to proceed der to the on / off of the battery to ensure the supply of the whole.
- the aforementioned function can also be implemented by detecting a significant variation in the electrical impedance seen at the terminals of the winding of the key, when the electronic key and lock are present.
- the logical key calculation unit l ⁇ As regards the logical key calculation unit l ⁇ , it is indicated that this consists of a microcontroller, or microprocessor, with which is associated an external oscillator of the quartz oscillator type for example. Such an associated system, known as such, will not be described in detail nor shown for this reason in the drawings.
- the crystal oscillator / microcontroller assembly from an oscillation frequency of 4 MHz, makes it possible to deliver a so-called carrier signal by frequency division at 250 kHz for example. This carrier is used for the transmission of electrical energy from the key to the lock and, in particular, for the constitution of the power signal PS.
- the power signal generator module 1 3 As regards the power signal generator module 1 3 , as shown in FIG.
- this comprises a current amplifier device constituted by two bipolar transistors Qi and Q 2 connected in tracking elements between the supply voltage VCC and the reference voltage denoted 0, the bases and the emitters of these transistors being connected together, these transistors being of opposite conduction type.
- the base of the aforementioned transistors receives the aforementioned carrier signal, delivered by the logic unit for calculating key li and delivers a signal amplified in current, which corresponds substantially to a square signal at the frequency 250 kHz.
- the power module 1 3 also comprises a MOS transistor of the FET type, referenced Mi, connected between the reference voltage and the winding 140, denoted Li, of the transfer circuit 1 of the power signal PS and of the access control signal of key and lock.
- the MOSFET transistor Mi is connected in series with the above-mentioned coil Li and the gate of transistor i is connected to the amplified carrier signal delivered by the bipolar transistors Qi and Q 2 .
- the drain electrode of the MOSFET transistor M x is thus connected in series with the winding constituting the inductance Li, which itself is connected in series with a load resistance Ri of low value connected to the supply voltage Vcc.
- the resistor Ri as represented in FIG. 5a constitutes a load resistor for the MOSFET transistor Mi constituting an element of the transmission part of the transmission-reception module 12 of the electronic key, as will be described in more detail later in the description.
- the command applied to the gate electrode of the MOSFET transistor Mi makes it possible to ensure alternating switching of the latter, this transistor causing the passage of a current in the inductance Li, which, when it is in the presence of the winding 240 corresponding to the lock, in fact constitutes a transformer therewith.
- the blocking of the transistor i then causes the appearance of an overvoltage on the drain electrode of the latter and, consequently, on the windings of the aforementioned transformer.
- the MOSFET transistor i is chosen so as to present a series resistance in con- duction less than 0.5 Ohm, a breakdown voltage of the order of 100 V and an admissible peak current of the order of 25 A, in order to ensure proper operation of the switching transients.
- the transistor Mi MOSFET When the transistor Mi MOSFET is conductive, the voltage across the primary of the transformer, that is to say of the inductance Li, is close to the supply voltage Vcc whereas, when the conduction breaks, the overvoltage which appears on this same inductor Li is transmitted to the inductor L 2 constituted by the winding 240 at the level of the lock.
- the aforementioned received voltage, at the level of the lock, is therefore asymmetrical and the amplitude generated during the blocked alternation of the MOSFET transistor Mi is greater than that generated during its alternation in conduction.
- the bidirectional transmission of the key and lock access control signals between the electronic key and the electronic lock is carried out, at the level of the electronic key 1, thanks to the transmission part and to the reception part of the module 1 2 d ' transmission-reception, and, at the level of the electronic lock 2, thanks to the transmission part and to the reception part of the transmission-reception module 2 2 .
- the emission part of this module 1 2 comprises, in addition to the resistance Ri already mentioned, a MOSFET transistor, referenced M 2 , the drain and source electrodes of which are connected in parallel on the aforementioned resistor Ri.
- the gate electrode of the MOSFET transistor M 2 is controlled by a current amplifier, of structure analogous to that described above, and constituted by the bi- polar Q 3 and Q whose common base electrode is controlled by the output of the logic computation unit li, that is to say of the microprocessor or the microcontroller.
- This output then delivers a signal representative of the bits of the key access control signals, that is to say of the access control signals emitted by the key towards the lock.
- the common point of the transmitters of the transistors Q 3 and Q delivering a signal amplified in current representative of the transmission of the data, that is to say of the key access control signal, then controls the gate electrode of the MOSFET transistor M 2 .
- the data signals causes, by means of the current amplifier constituted by the transistors Q 3 and Q, a switching of the MOSFET transistor M 2 and, consequently, an all-or-nothing modulation of the load, that is to say of the resistance Ri, seen by the inductance Li.
- the aforementioned inductance constituting the primary circuit of the transformer is then charged by a variable impedance depending on the binary information transmitted. The effect of this process is to modulate the power output impedance seen by the transformer primary, this type of modulation being close to an amplitude modulation of the carrier.
- the MOSFET transistor M 2 may have characteristics similar to those of the MOSFET transistor i, with however a lower maximum admissible current not exceeding one ampere. Under these conditions, the transmission bit rate is 9,600 baud.
- the binary information of the key access control signal is coded in a Manchester code for example, the useful rate of the information then being 4,800 baud.
- this part is directly connected to the common point of the resistance Ri and the inductance Li previously mentioned. This common point delivers a received signal, that is to say the lock access control signal when it is emitted by the lock.
- the signal received is the image of the current consumed in the lock 2, that is to say in fact the image of the load modulation brought into the lock in a manner similar to that which is produced at the level of the key previously described in the description.
- the reception part of the transceiver module 12 is connected via a capacitor Ci to the aforementioned common point RiLi and an inhibition circuit Q5, Q and R 2 , R 3 .
- a resistor bridge R 4 , R ⁇ , R7 and a decoupling capacity C 2 make it possible to fix the DC component of the received signal at the value half of the supply voltage Vcc.
- the capacitor Ci / polarization bridge assembly constitutes a high-pass filter.
- the signal received after alignment at half the supply voltage via the above-mentioned resistance bridge is then subjected to filtering by means of a filtering stage constituted by an operational amplifier Ai constituting, with the resistors R 5 , Rs and capacities C 3 and C, a second order low pass filter of the BUTTERWORTH type.
- the aforementioned filtering stage is followed by a gain voltage amplifier 10, ie 20 dB, formed by an operational amplifier A 2 and by resistors R9 and Rio, a capacitor C 5 being connected in parallel on the resistor R i0 .
- a shaping comparator A 3 and a resistance bridge formed by the resistors R 4 , R 6 , R 7 and the decoupling capacity C 2 to constitute a reference level as a function of the signal received makes it possible to deliver a binary train to the reception input of the microcontroller, that is to say of the logical unit for calculating key li.
- the rest state is fixed by a voltage offset generated by the resistive bridge Ru, R ⁇ 2 .
- the input impedance of the filtering stage is taken sufficiently high not to weaken the useful signal.
- Capacities C 3 , C 4 and resistors R 5 , R 8 in the filtering stage give the latter a low-pass type structure with a cut-off frequency of 50 kHz.
- the resistors Ru and R ⁇ 2 ensure a shift of the signal towards the reference voltage.
- the comparator A 3 is chosen so as to require a low supply voltage, 3 V, and a low consumption.
- the output delivered by the latter can then be directly connected to the input of the microprocessor, or microcontroller, constituting the logical key calculation unit li, the resistor R ⁇ 2a constituting a bias resistor of the output of the comparator.
- the power recovery modules 2 5 and the reception part of the transmission-reception module 2 2 of the lock 2 are connected to the constituent winding of the transfer circuit 2 4 , key and lock access control signals, that is to say the inductance L 2 mentioned in the description above.
- the energy recovery module 2 5 With regard to the energy recovery module 2 5 , as shown in FIG. 5b above, the energy is restored from the winding se- condaire L 2 by means of a diode bridge, denoted Di, D 2 , D 3 and D 4 , mounted symmetrically.
- the diode bridge is referenced 250.
- the common point of the diodes Di, D 2 is connected to a first terminal of the winding L 2
- the common point of the diodes D 2 and D 3 is connected to the reference voltage
- the point common diodes Di and D 4 delivers, from the secondary of the transformer, that is to say from the winding L 2 , a rectified voltage corresponding to that generated by the switching of the MOSFET transistor Mi on the winding primary Li.
- the common point of the diodes D 3 and D 4 is connected to a resistor R 15 , load resistor, this resistor itself being connected to the reference voltage by a bipolar transistor Q ⁇ , which is at non-conductive quiescent. At rest, the blocking of transistor Q 7 causes that of transistor Q ⁇ .
- the other terminal of the secondary winding L 2 is also connected to the common point of the two diodes D 3 and D 4 . It is also connected to a resistor R ⁇ 5a intended to fix the potential of the winding L 2 when the transistor Q 8 is blocked.
- the common point of the diodes D 1 and D 4 delivering the rectified voltage is connected to the input of a voltage regulator 251, which makes it possible to deliver a regulated voltage, denoted Vreg, intended to supply the l 'set of circuits of the electronic lock 2.
- the capacitors C 7 and C 8 are capacitors of high capacity with regard to the carrier frequency and respectively of specific cut-off frequency allowing energy storage at the input and stabilization of the voltage at the output of the voltage regulator 251.
- the conductive state of the MOSFET transistor Mi generates a voltage of the order of 8V across the secondary L 2 , this voltage source having a low output impedance.
- the blocked state of the MOSFET transistor Mi generates a higher voltage, but the Thévenin generator equivalent to the terminals of the inductor L 2 then has a higher output impedance.
- the recovery of electrical energy from the power signal PS therefore takes place essentially during the half period of high amplitude, this recovery of energy can be carried out at 80% within 10% of the beginning of the duration of the half-amplitude high period due to the phenomenon of transient overvoltage generated by the switching of the MOSFET transistor Mi.
- FIG. 5c represents the voltage developed on the drain of the MOSFET transistor Mi , at the common point of the coil Li and of the aforementioned MOSFET transistor Mi
- the power signal PS can be represented from FIG. 5c by graphic anamorphosis, taking into account the DC voltage Vcc and affinity of time axis due to the presence of resistance Ri.
- the two alternations of the signal can be used thanks to the diode bridge 250, the diodes used being SCHOTTKY rectifying diodes for example. Due to the equivalent generator speed of each high and low voltage amplitude of the power signal PS, one of the alternations is comparable to a source of high amplitude and output impedance and the other to a source of low amplitude and output impedance.
- the regulator 251 can be chosen as a regulator with a low waste voltage in order to supply the regulated voltage Vreg, which can be taken equal to the voltage Vcc previously mentioned relative to the supply of the electronic key 1.
- the above-mentioned transmission part circuit includes in addition to a bipolar transistor Q 7 whose emitter is connected to the voltage supplied regulated Vreg by the regulator 251.
- the transistor Q 7 is mounted as a common emitter by means of a collector resistor R i4 connected to the reference voltage .
- the base of the bipolar transistor Q 7 then receives, by means of a resistor R13 the binary signal delivered by the logic unit for calculating the lock 2 ⁇ , this binary signal being representative of the data, that is to say of the lock access control signal delivered by the electronic lock 2.
- the logic unit for calculating the lock 2 ⁇ can be constituted by a microprocessor.
- the bit stream delivered on the base electrode of the transistor Q 7 then ensures, via the latter, the switching of the load resistor R 1 5 at a midpoint of the diode bridge 250, that is i.e. the connection point of the diodes D 4 and D 3 .
- the load resistor R 15 is switched, a current variation is then induced in the winding L x of the electronic key 1 via the transformer.
- This varia- tion of current is transformed into a voltage variation on the load resistance R x of the aforementioned winding Li, that is to say at the input of the reception part 1 2 of the transmission-reception module 1 2 , as shown in Figure 5a.
- this part is connected to the common point of the secondary winding L 2 and to the common point of the diodes D 3 and D 4 of the diode bridge 250 via a diode D 5 , which has characteristics similar to those of diode Di.
- the information transmitted by the electronic key 1 is perceived by the electronic lock 2 as an amplitude modulated signal. Consequently, the useful signal is not taken at the output of the diode bridge, common point of the diodes Di, D 4 of the diode bridge 250, because this signal is distorted by the filtering and regulation capacities associated with the regulator 251 , namely the capacities C 7 and C 8 .
- the received signal is taken at the midpoint of the diode bridge 250 previously mentioned and in particular on the branch of the diode bridge 250 which rectifies the alternation of lower amplitude, c ' i.e. the branch D x , D 3 or D 2 , D 4 .
- This alternation corresponds to the conductive state of the MOSFET switching transistor Mi of the electronic key 1.
- This alternation is chosen because it is not clipped by the rectification capacities of the lock, the capacities C 7 and C 8 . Under these conditions, the alternation of higher amplitude provides energy as a priority.
- the two asymmetrical half-waves are rectified, but as long as a too high current consumption by the lock 2 does not intervene, only the half-wave supplying the highest voltage is used to supply the supply to the lock .
- the alternation supplying the lowest voltage can then be used to receive the information delivered by the winding Li of the primary of the transformer, that is to say the key access control signal.
- the second branch of the diode bridge 250 then supplies current. The aforementioned operating mode may then no longer make it possible to ensure the separation of the supply of energy and of information by using the asymmetry of the amplitude of the power signal PS.
- the processing chain comprises a demodulation stage formed by the resistance Ri 6 , the capacitor C9 and the resistance R i7 .
- This demodulation stage carries out an amplitude demodulation at the cut-off frequency of 50 kHz and plays the role of a low-pass filter.
- C ⁇ o is a link capacity.
- An inhibition circuit formed by the transistors Q 5 , Q 6 and the resistors R 2 , R 3 similar to the inhibition circuit of FIG. 5a can also be inserted between the capacitor C 1 0 and the common point of the resistance R 16 of capacity C 9 and resistance R ⁇ 7 , as will be described in more detail later in the description.
- a bias bridge formed by the resistors Rie, R 20 , R21 and the decoupling capacity Cn at the reference voltage makes it possible to adjust the average value of the signal to the value half of the regulated supply voltage Vreg.
- the aforementioned stage introduces a capacitive connection and constitutes a high-pass filter. For this reason, it is necessary to respect in the binary message an alternation of high and low level, the coding of Manchester coding type being then used.
- the aforementioned processing chain also includes a second order low-pass 50 kHz filtering stage produced by means of the operational amplifier A 4 , resistors R 22 and R19 and capacitors C i2 and C 13 .
- This filtering ensures rejection of the carrier at 250 kHz while maintaining the shape of the square signal.
- the filtering stage produced constitutes a BUT-TERWORTH filter.
- the above-mentioned filtering stage is followed by an inverting amplifier constituted by an operational amplifier A 5 and by the resistors R 23 , R 24 , the capacitor C 15 .
- a resistance-capacity filter formed by the resistors R 25 , R 26 and the capacitor C ⁇ 4 makes it possible to provide a voltage offset making it possible to assign a stable state to a comparison stage, constituted by the comparator A ⁇ in the absence of a signal, due to the voltage offset introduced by the above-mentioned resistive bridge.
- the voltage applied to the positive input of comparator A ⁇ is substantially equal to half of the supply voltage, that is to say the regulated voltage Vreg.
- the offset and comparison stage delivers at its output to the microcontroller constituting the logic unit 2 ⁇ for calculating the lock, the key access control signal received by the lock.
- the clock recovery module 2 3 it is indicated that it can be introduced into the lock in order to allow the generation of a time base punctuating the work of the microcontroller constituting the logic 2 ⁇ calculation unit. . It is understood in particular that this time base is obtained by detection of the carrier, that is to say of the power signal PS. This module can be produced from a phase locked loop controlled by the fundamental frequency of the power signal generated by the electronic key 1 in order to generate a frequency multiple of the latter. In the case of the integration of a clock recovery module 2 3 in the lock 2, it is then possible to remove the quartz oscillator normally associated with the logic calculation unit, that is to say tell the microcontroller or microprocessor 2 ⁇ .
- the embodiment of the key and lock circuits, as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b have enabled, thanks to the adapted choice of the physical parameters of the components, an optimum transfer of power and electrical energy, between the key and the lock, for an impedance reduced by the transformer constituted by the windings L1, L2 between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
- the yield obtained was, under these conditions, equal to 0.76 for a transmitted power of 370 mW. Higher transmitted power values can be obtained.
- inhibitor circuits can be introduced in order to make the reception part of the key and the lock insensitive, the signals emitted by the key not being perceived by the latter, and vice versa for the lock, in order to reduce the turnaround time.
- the turnaround time is defined as the minimum duration of silence to be respected between the end of a transmission and the start of a reception so as not to cause a collision between the corresponding messages. Thanks to the introduction of inhibition circuits, the turnaround time is reduced from 500 ms to 25 ms. In such conditions, an uninterrupted dialogue between the key and the lock can be carried out.
- An inhibition circuit formed by the transistors Q ⁇ and Q 5 and the resistors R 2 , R 3 , can thus be introduced at the input of the reception part of the transmission-reception module 1 2 of the key respectively 2 2 of the lock , as previously mentioned.
- the transistor Q5 controlling the conduction respectively the non-conduction of the transistor Q & to ensure, from a command signal of inhibition circuit SCD respectively of the command signal of the inhibition circuit
- the blocking of the entry of the reception part of the reception transmission module 1 2 of the key respectively 2 2 of the lock is obtained when the transmission part of the transmission-reception module 1 2 of the key respectively the transmission part of the transmission-reception module 2 2 of the lock are active in transmission.
- an access control protocol between an electronic key 1 and an electronic lock 2 constituting an access control device in accordance with the object of the present invention, will now be given in an embodiment preferred in conjunction with Figures 6a and 6b.
- the electronic key 1 makes it possible to generate and transmit unidirectionally to the electronic lock 2 a power signal such as the signal PS, a period of which is shown in the right part of FIG. 6a.
- This signal consists of an asymmetrical periodic signal as shown in FIG. 5c.
- the protocol, object of the present invention consists in transmitting in a step 1000, referenced a), from the electronic key 1 to the electronic lock 2, the power signal PS so as to provide over at least a half period of high amplitude to the electronic lock 2 the electrical energy conveyed by the power signal during this half period of high amplitude.
- a step 1000 referenced a
- the power transfer takes place in particular in the specific embodiment of FIG. 5a at 80% during the 10% of the start time of the aforementioned high amplitude half period.
- steps 1000 and 1001 of FIG. 6a can be concomitant, the transmission of electrical energy and the storage of this energy at the level of the lock, in particular via the input capacitors of the voltage regulator delivering the regulated voltage Vreg in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 5b are substantially concomitant during the duration of the half period of high amplitude considered.
- steps a) and b) that is to say 1000 and 1001 are shown successively.
- step 1002 of access control signals corresponds to all or part of the abovementioned access control process.
- step 1002 referenced c
- step 1002 can consist either of a complete access control process between the electronic key and the electronic lock, or to a section of rank r of a control process. full access. This process is thus distributed over several successive slices of corresponding rank r and executed during half periods of low amplitude of the power signal PS.
- the access control protocol between an electronic key and an electronic lock can thus be implemented by virtue of a nested distribution. of the process of transferring and storing the electrical energy of the key and the lock, followed by all or part of an access control process proper between the electronic key and lock.
- the access control protocol in accordance with the object of the present invention further comprises steps consisting in storing at the electronic key and lock the results of intermediate calculations corresponding to the part of the access control process, that is to say the part put implemented for the tranche Tr of key and lock access control signals.
- the step of memorizing the results of intermediate calculations is not shown in FIG. 6a because it is a conventional step in terms of data processing.
- steps a), b), c), that is to say 1000, 1001, 1002 shown in FIG. 6a are then repeated over a succession of pairs of half periods of high amplitude and of low amplitude of the power signal PS to ensure in fact the completeness of the conduct of the access control protocol.
- steps a), b), c) that is to say 1000, 1001, 1002 shown in FIG. 6a, are then repeated over a succession of pairs of half periods of high amplitude and of low amplitude of the power signal PS to ensure in fact the completeness of the conduct of the access control protocol.
- this step or this test criterion bears the reference 1003.
- the access control protocol in accordance with the subject of the present invention, is then terminated by an end step consisting of a refusal of access referenced 1004. Indeed, it is thus possible to subordinate access to the enclosure confined to the success of all the successive sections of bidirectional transfer electronic key and lock access control signals.
- test 1003 can then be followed by a test 1005 relating to the completeness of the conduct of the access control protocol and the successful completion of the latter.
- the test 1005 is of course carried out on a positive response to the previous test 1003.
- the access control protocol object of the present invention, can be implemented for example in accordance with the access control process described in French patent application No. 98 01481, which is introduced in the present application for reference.
- the access control process described in the aforementioned patent application consists, by way of nonlimiting example, in performing in a first section, denoted Ti, a step of transmission by the electronic key, noted l kj , of an identification request message, noted A_. This identification request message is transmitted to the lock marked 2i.
- the above-mentioned section Ti is followed by a section T 2 consisting for example of the transmission of a random variable message, noted ai j , by the electronic lock 2 to the electronic key l ⁇ j.
- the slice T 3 can then be followed by a slice T 4 , which is then performed at the electronic lock 2 ⁇ from initial validation data Vj . , this slice T 4 then consisting of a rification of the authenticity of the signature value as a function of specific authentication data.
- the slice T 4 of verification by the electronic lock 2 of the authenticity of the signature value as a function of the specific authentication data can be implemented in accordance with the teachings given in the aforementioned French patent application. . It is indeed indicated that, for any electronic key l k , the references k and j respectively correspond to an address or physical reference of the key and to a validation address of the key in accordance with the indications given in the French patent application cited. Similarly, the index i of each electronic lock 2i corresponds to a physical address assigned to the corresponding electronic lock.
- an access control device between an electronic key and lock implementing a particularly effective access control protocol insofar as complex operations of encryption - decryption of data can be associated and made conditional on prior energy transfer operations allowing only the authorization to conduct the abovementioned signature calculation and verification operations.
- the access control device between an electronic key and lock and the access control protocol, objects of the present invention appear to be particularly well suited to the management of a very large number of electronic locks from a reduced set of electronic keys programmed for this purpose. They appear to be particularly well suited to the management of letter boxes, especially in rural areas, where letter boxes can be located far from power sources.
- the access control device between an electronic key and lock and the access control protocol, objects of the present invention can be implemented. to manage reserved access enclosures requiring high security control.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9810396 | 1998-08-13 | ||
| FR9810396A FR2782402B1 (fr) | 1998-08-13 | 1998-08-13 | Dispositif de controle d'acces entre une clef et une serrure electroniques |
| PCT/FR1999/001953 WO2000009836A1 (fr) | 1998-08-13 | 1999-08-06 | Dispositif de controle d'acces entre une clef et une serrure electroniques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1104496A1 true EP1104496A1 (fr) | 2001-06-06 |
| EP1104496B1 EP1104496B1 (fr) | 2003-10-29 |
Family
ID=9529668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99936707A Expired - Lifetime EP1104496B1 (fr) | 1998-08-13 | 1999-08-06 | Dispositif de controle d'acces entre une clef et une serrure electroniques |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1104496B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE253164T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69912438D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2782402B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000009836A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010105469A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Procédé d'authentification et système d'accès conditionnel à une diffusion multimédia mobile |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2343853A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-14 | Muga Mochizuki | Dispositif a semiconducteurs, reservoir d'encre dote de ce dispositif a semiconducteurs, cartouche a jet d'encre, appareil d'enregistrement a jet d'encre, methode de fabrication de ce dispositif a semiconducteurs, systeme de communication, methode de commande de pression, element de memoire, systeme de securite pour appareil d'enregistrement a jet d'encre |
| US20110254661A1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2011-10-20 | Invue Security Products Inc. | Programmable security system and method for protecting merchandise |
| WO2008034022A2 (fr) | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | The Knox Company | Ensemble électronique de clé et verrou |
| US20120047972A1 (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-01 | Invue Security Products Inc. | Electronic key for merchandise security device |
| US11017656B2 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2021-05-25 | Invue Security Products Inc. | Programmable security system and method for protecting merchandise |
| US8994497B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2015-03-31 | Invue Security Products Inc. | Cabinet lock key with audio indicators |
| US9041510B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2015-05-26 | Knox Associates, Inc. | Capacitive data transfer in an electronic lock and key assembly |
| US8922333B1 (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2014-12-30 | Gregory Paul Kirkjan | Contactless electronic access control system |
| US9704316B2 (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2017-07-11 | Gregory Paul Kirkjan | Contactless electronic access control system |
| FR3036523B1 (fr) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-05-25 | Systemes Et Technologies Identification (Stid) | Dispositif de controle d’acces securise passif par radio-identification |
| USD881677S1 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2020-04-21 | Knox Associates, Inc. | Electronic key |
| US11574513B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2023-02-07 | Lockfob, Llc | Electronic access control |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4031434A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-06-21 | The Eastern Company | Keyhole-less electronic lock |
| DE3714195A1 (de) * | 1987-04-29 | 1988-11-10 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur beruehrungslosen energie- und datenuebertragung, sowie mechanisch und elektronisch kodiertes schloss |
| GB9105835D0 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1991-05-01 | Yale Security Prod Ltd | Cylinder locks |
| JPH09221948A (ja) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両用ロック装置 |
-
1998
- 1998-08-13 FR FR9810396A patent/FR2782402B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-08-06 DE DE69912438T patent/DE69912438D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-06 AT AT99936707T patent/ATE253164T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-06 WO PCT/FR1999/001953 patent/WO2000009836A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-06 EP EP99936707A patent/EP1104496B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0009836A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010105469A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Procédé d'authentification et système d'accès conditionnel à une diffusion multimédia mobile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69912438D1 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
| ATE253164T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
| FR2782402A1 (fr) | 2000-02-18 |
| EP1104496B1 (fr) | 2003-10-29 |
| WO2000009836A1 (fr) | 2000-02-24 |
| FR2782402B1 (fr) | 2001-01-26 |
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