EP1102854A1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stress - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stressInfo
- Publication number
- EP1102854A1 EP1102854A1 EP00942024A EP00942024A EP1102854A1 EP 1102854 A1 EP1102854 A1 EP 1102854A1 EP 00942024 A EP00942024 A EP 00942024A EP 00942024 A EP00942024 A EP 00942024A EP 1102854 A1 EP1102854 A1 EP 1102854A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- alkoxy
- resistance
- hydrogen
- haloalkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108010018087 Flavanone 3-dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-2-enone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=C(C#N)C=C1Br UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005489 Bromoxynil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005501 Cycloxydim Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GGWHBJGBERXSLL-NBVRZTHBSA-N chembl113137 Chemical compound C1C(=O)C(C(=N/OCC)/CCC)=C(O)CC1C1CSCCC1 GGWHBJGBERXSLL-NBVRZTHBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 2-[(E)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propoxy]-C-propylcarbonimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(thian-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCC\C(=N/OCC(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=C(O)CC(CC1=O)C1CCCSC1 KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOYNQIMAUDJVEI-ZFNPBRLTSA-N 2-[N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(oxan-4-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1C(=O)C(C(=NOC\C=C\Cl)CC)=C(O)CC1C1CCOCC1 IOYNQIMAUDJVEI-ZFNPBRLTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006029 Prunus persica var nucipersica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000017714 Prunus persica var. nucipersica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CSPPKDPQLUUTND-NBVRZTHBSA-N Sethoxydim Chemical compound CCO\N=C(/CCC)C1=C(O)CC(CC(C)SCC)CC1=O CSPPKDPQLUUTND-NBVRZTHBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001303601 Rosacea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004441 haloalkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 25
- -1 setoxydim Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 15
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000701489 Cauliflower mosaic virus Species 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HLVQZEMFVYGIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 4-(1-oxidopropylidene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=C1C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)CC1=O HLVQZEMFVYGIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010066133 D-octopine dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- SBHXYTNGIZCORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriodyctiol Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SBHXYTNGIZCORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWCPBEMISACTHQ-AWEZNQCLSA-N luteoliflavan Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CCC3=C(O)C=C(C=C3O2)O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 GWCPBEMISACTHQ-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWCPBEMISACTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N luteoliflavan Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CCC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 GWCPBEMISACTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac-ethyl Chemical group O=C1CC(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N (+)-catechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004767 (C1-C4) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MZHCENGPTKEIGP-RXMQYKEDSA-N (R)-dichlorprop Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MZHCENGPTKEIGP-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWHURBUBIHUHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=N1 UWHURBUBIHUHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBMRKNMTMPPMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid;azane Chemical compound [NH4+].CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C([O-])=O ZBMRKNMTMPPMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGSWKAQJJWESNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NGSWKAQJJWESNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MDBGGTQNNUOQRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allidochlor Chemical compound ClCC(=O)N(CC=C)CC=C MDBGGTQNNUOQRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBQJTBXZMPSVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanidine Natural products OC1=CC(=C2/Oc3cc(O)cc(O)c3C=C2O)C=CC1=O HBQJTBXZMPSVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dalapon Chemical class CC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150010772 F3H gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 108010074633 Mixed Function Oxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008109 Mixed Function Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 240000007377 Petunia x hybrida Species 0.000 description 2
- XJCLWVXTCRQIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfallate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SCC(Cl)=C XJCLWVXTCRQIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNRAZZZISDRWMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terbucarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C(C)C=C1C(C)(C)C PNRAZZZISDRWMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHTQREMOGMZHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiobencarb Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHTQREMOGMZHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Natural products O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZXCCPZJCKEPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorfenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QZXCCPZJCKEPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQNAUQUKWRBODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlornitrofen Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XQNAUQUKWRBODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KIEDNEWSYUYDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N clomazone Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C)CON1CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl KIEDNEWSYUYDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZZBPDKVEFVLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)(C)C#N)=N1 MZZBPDKVEFVLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O cyanidin cation Chemical compound [O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007954 growth retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006870 ms-medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LFULEKSKNZEWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanil Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 LFULEKSKNZEWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N sinapic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- GXEKYRXVRROBEV-FBXFSONDSA-N (1r,2s,3r,4s)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@H]2[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)[C@H]1O2 GXEKYRXVRROBEV-FBXFSONDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPPAUTOBDWNELX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl) 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate Chemical group C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 IPPAUTOBDWNELX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYHLMHAKWBUZDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-[2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzoyl]oxypropanoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(C(=O)O[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 NYHLMHAKWBUZDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M (E)-Ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(\C=C\C([O-])=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WNTGYJSOUMFZEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N (R)-mecoprop Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C WNTGYJSOUMFZEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REIIOHUYMPSAPS-WVLIHFOGSA-N (ne)-n-[(1-methyl-2h-pyridin-6-yl)methylidene]hydroxylamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1CC=CC=C1\C=N\O REIIOHUYMPSAPS-WVLIHFOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQEMNBNCQVQXMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.C[N+]=1N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 XQEMNBNCQVQXMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004869 1,3,4-thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVROBYMTUJVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N2C(=NC(=N2)C(N)=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GVROBYMTUJVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNGWEAQJZJKFLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-4h-1,3-benzodioxine-6-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C2OC(C)(C)OCC2=C1 KNGWEAQJZJKFLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHKBMNACOMRIAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrophenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O MHKBMNACOMRIAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002794 2,4-DB Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIVXMZJTEQBPQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-DB Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCOC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl YIVXMZJTEQBPQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005631 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C#N YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDQWWOHKFDSADC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenoxy)-n-phenylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C)=C1Cl BDQWWOHKFDSADC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZHCENGPTKEIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MZHCENGPTKEIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNTGYJSOUMFZEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C WNTGYJSOUMFZEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLQMBPJKHLGMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)nicotinic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(C)C)(C)N=C1C1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O CLQMBPJKHLGMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWZPCEFYPSAJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butan-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O OWZPCEFYPSAJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXBDMGSFNUJTBR-NFSGWXFISA-N 2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-propylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2-ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound Cl/C=C/CO\N=C(/CCC)C1=C(O)CC(CC(C)SCC)CC1=O YXBDMGSFNUJTBR-NFSGWXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVQJTYOXWVHPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-nitropyrazol-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl OVQJTYOXWVHPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(C)C)(C)N=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C(O)=O CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONNQFZOZHDEENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(C)C#C)=CC(N2C(C3=C(CCCC3)C2=O)=O)=C1F ONNQFZOZHDEENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUZNHSBFPPFULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-chloro-6-(cyclopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 WUZNHSBFPPFULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGGSVBWJVIXBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZGGSVBWJVIXBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEGVVEOAVNHRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(SC=2C(=C(Cl)C=CC=2)C(O)=O)=N1 QEGVVEOAVNHRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLYFCTQDENRSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound COCC(C)N(C(=O)CCl)C=1C(C)=CSC=1C JLYFCTQDENRSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(C)COC)C(=O)CCl WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDRNNGBAXFCBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-n-propan-2-ylacetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)N(C(C)C)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1C UDRNNGBAXFCBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylacetamide Chemical class ClCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRCMYGHHKLLGHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=C2C(C)(C)C(OCC)OC2=C1 IRCMYGHHKLLGHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJLZGZLQLAQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCCOCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl MIJLZGZLQLAQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLWADFLAOKUBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OCCCC(O)=O LLWADFLAOKUBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEXLQXWNOSJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1$l^{4},2,3-benzothiadiazine 1-oxide Chemical class C1=CC=C2S(=O)NN=CC2=C1 REEXLQXWNOSJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical class NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one Chemical class O=C1CNC=N1 CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMVYOVYGIJXTQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(NC(=O)N(C)C)C=C1 AMVYOVYGIJXTQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYJOEQHHWHAJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrophenoxy]oxolane Chemical compound C1=C(OC2COCC2)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl WYJOEQHHWHAJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXBQEHHOGRVYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-4-ylpentane-2,4-dione Chemical group CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 DXBQEHHOGRVYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-M 4-Hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC1=CC=C(\C=C\C([O-])=O)C=C1 NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ADZSGNDOZREKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one Chemical compound CCSC1=NN=C(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N1N ADZSGNDOZREKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTSLUCNDVMMDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione Chemical compound CCC(C)N1C(=O)NC(C)=C(Br)C1=O CTSLUCNDVMMDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVSGXWMWNRGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(C)C)(C)N=C1C1=NC=C(C)C=C1C(O)=O PVSGXWMWNRGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVOODWOZJVJKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-tert-butyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-prop-2-ynoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one Chemical group O=C1OC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C1=CC(OCC#C)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl DVOODWOZJVJKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZKBYBNLTLVSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[(6,6-dimethyl-5,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-ylidene)amino]-7-fluoro-4-prop-2-ynyl-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one Chemical compound C#CCN1C(=O)COC(C=C2F)=C1C=C2N=C1SN=C2CC(C)(C)CN21 HZKBYBNLTLVSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOHIAOSLOGDBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-4-n-cyclopropyl-2-n-propan-2-yl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 OOHIAOSLOGDBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxycoumarin Natural products O1C(=O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetovanillone Natural products COC1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC=C1O DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002890 Aclonifen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003666 Amidosulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTTHWASMBLQOFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amidosulfuron Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=N1 CTTHWASMBLQOFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NXQDBZGWYSEGFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anilofos Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)SCC(=O)N(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NXQDBZGWYSEGFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDDPZOZWEZNMTK-AWEZNQCLSA-N Apigeniflavan Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1[C@H]1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1 MDDPZOZWEZNMTK-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005469 Azimsulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFIIBUOYKYSPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziprotryne Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(N=[N+]=[N-])=N1 AFIIBUOYKYSPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGQSRQPXXMTJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benfuresate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C2OCC(C)(C)C2=C1 QGQSRQPXXMTJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005472 Bensulfuron methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRNIZKPFKNDSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bensulide Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=S)(OC(C)C)SCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RRNIZKPFKNDSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005476 Bentazone Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDWQITFHZOBBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzofenap Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C(C)=C(Cl)C=1C(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1OCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 JDWQITFHZOBBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTCJYIIKPVRVDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzthiazuron Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(NC(=O)NC)=NC2=C1 DTCJYIIKPVRVDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005484 Bifenox Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTFNPKDYCLFGPV-OMCISZLKSA-N Bromofenoxim Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1\C=N\OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O XTFNPKDYCLFGPV-OMCISZLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEYOMNZEMCPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butamifos Chemical compound CCC(C)NP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC(C)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O OEYOMNZEMCPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWMGXKSQWDSBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Buthidazole Chemical compound O=C1N(C)CC(O)N1C1=NN=C(C(C)(C)C)S1 SWMGXKSQWDSBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPNQRCTZKIBOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butralin Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPNQRCTZKIBOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYYMILHAKOURNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Buturon Chemical compound C#CC(C)N(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BYYMILHAKOURNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005490 Carbetamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSSBORCLYSCBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramben Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1Cl HSSBORCLYSCBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYNUTMZTCLNOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorbromuron Chemical compound CON(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Br)C(Cl)=C1 NLYNUTMZTCLNOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULBXWWGWDPVHAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorbufam Chemical compound C#CC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ULBXWWGWDPVHAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJKIALIXRCSISK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenprop-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C(Cl)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YJKIALIXRCSISK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005493 Chloridazon (aka pyrazone) Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMLPCIHUFDKWJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cinosulfuron Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=NC(OC)=N1 WMLPCIHUFDKWJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005497 Clethodim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005498 Clodinafop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005499 Clomazone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005500 Clopyralid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYNOULHXXDFBLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cumyluron Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)NC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1Cl VYNOULHXXDFBLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFCAFRGABIXSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cycloate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N(CC)C1CCCCC1 DFCAFRGABIXSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFSLKOLYLQSJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclosulfamuron Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C2CC2)=N1 OFSLKOLYLQSJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZCVNGCTZLGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cycluron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1CCCCCCC1 DQZCVNGCTZLGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005502 Cyhalofop-butyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYIYMOAHACZAMQ-CQSZACIVSA-N Cyhalofop-butyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCCCC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1F TYIYMOAHACZAMQ-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyperquat Chemical compound C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005503 Desmedipham Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005504 Dicamba Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005505 Dichlorprop-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKSADNZWSKCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethatyl-ethyl Chemical group CCOC(=O)CN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(CC)C=CC=C1CC WFKSADNZWSKCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005507 Diflufenican Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHWRNDJOGMTCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimefuron Chemical compound ClC1=CC(NC(=O)N(C)C)=CC=C1N1C(=O)OC(C(C)(C)C)=N1 DHWRNDJOGMTCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005508 Dimethachlor Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFDYMSKSGFSLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitramine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O OFDYMSKSGFSLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDJTWDKSYLLHRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinoseb acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1OC(C)=O RDJTWDKSYLLHRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIPZYDQGBIWLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinoterb Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O IIPZYDQGBIWLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016680 Dioxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010028143 Dioxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QAHFOPIILNICLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenamid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QAHFOPIILNICLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dithiopyr Chemical compound CSC(=O)C1=C(C(F)F)N=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(=O)SC)=C1CC(C)C YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005510 Diuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVLYNGULCJVDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N EPTC Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)SCC GUVLYNGULCJVDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXEHUCNTIZGSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Esprocarb Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)N(CC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 BXEHUCNTIZGSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFJIKYUEPWBMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethalfluralin Chemical compound CC(=C)CN(CC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O PTFJIKYUEPWBMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCOCSOWTADCKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethidimuron Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=NN=C(N(C)C(=O)NC)S1 KCOCSOWTADCKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005512 Ethofumesate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWVKRNOCDUPIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethoxysulfuron Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 UWVKRNOCDUPIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICWUMLXQKFTJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etobenzanid Chemical compound C1=CC(OCOCC)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ICWUMLXQKFTJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLSWBLPERHFHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenoprop Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl ZLSWBLPERHFHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQKBPHSEKWERTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenoxaprop ethyl Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 PQKBPHSEKWERTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005514 Flazasulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWATZEJQIXKWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flazasulfuron Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 HWATZEJQIXKWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNFMIVVPXOGUMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluchloralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCCl)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MNFMIVVPXOGUMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXCPQSJAVKGONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flumetsulam Chemical compound N1=C2N=C(C)C=CN2N=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(F)C=CC=C1F RXCPQSJAVKGONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRECWLYBCAZIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flumiclorac pentyl Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCCCCC)=CC(N2C(C3=C(CCCC3)C2=O)=O)=C1F IRECWLYBCAZIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHMCAJWVGYGUEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorodifen Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HHMCAJWVGYGUEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOQMRUTZEYVDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flupoxam Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C(COCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=1N1N=C(C(=O)N)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 AOQMRUTZEYVDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluridone Chemical compound O=C1C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=CN(C)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005564 Halosulfuron methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMGZEUWROYGLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Halosulfuron-methyl Chemical group ClC1=NN(C)C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC=2N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N=2)=C1C(=O)OC FMGZEUWROYGLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- CAWXEEYDBZRFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexazinone Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(N(C)C)=NC(=O)N1C1CCCCC1 CAWXEEYDBZRFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005981 Imazaquin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XVOKUMIPKHGGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imazethapyr Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(CC)=CN=C1C1=NC(C)(C(C)C)C(=O)N1 XVOKUMIPKHGGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEKOXWSIMFDGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropalin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(C)C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O NEKOXWSIMFDGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLLJHQLUZAKJFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isouron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC=1C=C(C(C)(C)C)ON=1 JLLJHQLUZAKJFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005570 Isoxaben Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005572 Lenacil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SUSRORUBZHMPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N MC-4379 Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)OC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)=C1 SUSRORUBZHMPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005574 MCPA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005575 MCPB Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150039283 MCPB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005983 Maleic hydrazide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleic hydrazide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)N=N1 BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005576 Mecoprop-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKIBNKKYNPBDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mefluidide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(C)C=C1C OKIBNKKYNPBDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZSGWZGPESCJAN-MOBFUUNNSA-N Melitric acid A Natural products O([C@@H](C(=O)O)Cc1cc(O)c(O)cc1)C(=O)/C=C/c1cc(O)c(O/C(/C(=O)O)=C/c2cc(O)c(O)cc2)cc1 MZSGWZGPESCJAN-MOBFUUNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005579 Metamitron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005580 Metazachlor Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRUUNMYPIBZBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methazole Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)ON1C1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 LRUUNMYPIBZBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005582 Metosulam Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGHPMIFEKOFHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metosulam Chemical compound N1=C2N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N2N=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(Cl)C=CC(C)=C1Cl VGHPMIFEKOFHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005583 Metribuzin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001024304 Mino Species 0.000 description 1
- KXGYBSNVFXBPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monalide Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KXGYBSNVFXBPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZVAROIGSFCFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propanamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(C)C(=O)N(CC)CC)=CC=CC2=C1 WXZVAROIGSFCFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJMZZNVGNSWOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(butan-2-yl)-N'-ethyl-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)CC)=NC(OC)=N1 ZJMZZNVGNSWOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005585 Napropamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCGPUGMWYLICGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Neburon Chemical compound CCCCN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 CCGPUGMWYLICGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- UMKANAFDOQQUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UMKANAFDOQQUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZTPOMIFAFKKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-phosphonohydroxylamine Chemical class NOP(O)(O)=O JZTPOMIFAFKKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005587 Oryzalin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005588 Oxadiazon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHNUNORXWHYHNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxadiazon Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(C)C)=CC(N2C(OC(=N2)C(C)(C)C)=O)=C1Cl CHNUNORXWHYHNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005590 Oxyfluorfen Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxyfluorfen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGEJQUSYQTVSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pebulate Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)C(=O)SCCC SGEJQUSYQTVSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHTBVLXUSXVMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perfluidone Chemical compound C1=C(NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WHTBVLXUSXVMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWEOEHNGYFXZLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenisopham Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)OC(C)C)=C1 PWEOEHNGYFXZLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005594 Phenmedipham Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005595 Picloram Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- YLPGTOIOYRQOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pretilachlor Chemical compound CCCOCCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(CC)C=CC=C1CC YLPGTOIOYRQOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSVPPPHXAASNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prodiamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O RSVPPPHXAASNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITVQAKZNYJEWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Profluralin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=1C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=1N(CCC)CC1CC1 ITVQAKZNYJEWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005600 Propaquizafop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005603 Prosulfocarb Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005604 Prosulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- LTUNNEGNEKBSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prosulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)CCC(F)(F)F)=N1 LTUNNEGNEKBSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGNQYGRXEXDAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Chemical group C1=NN(C)C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC=2N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N=2)=C1C(=O)OCC BGNQYGRXEXDAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005606 Pyridate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTZCTMAVMHRNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC(=O)OC1=CC(Cl)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JTZCTMAVMHRNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNILNQMBAHKMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyrithiobac-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(OC)=NC(SC=2C(=C(Cl)C=CC=2)C([O-])=O)=N1 CNILNQMBAHKMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005608 Quinmerac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005614 Quizalofop-P-ethyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005616 Rimsulfuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate Chemical compound CCCSC(=O)N(CCC)CCC OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXVIIQLNUPXOII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Siduron Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 JXVIIQLNUPXOII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005618 Sulcotrione Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100389 Sulfonylurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBQCNZYJJMBDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terbacil Chemical compound CC=1NC(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C=1Cl NBQCNZYJJMBDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDWQYMVPYJGPHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thenylchlor Chemical compound C1=CSC(CN(C(=O)CCl)C=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C)=C1OC KDWQYMVPYJGPHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIJZJEYQBAAWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazopyr Chemical compound N1=C(C(F)F)C(C(=O)OC)=C(CC(C)C)C(C=2SCCN=2)=C1C(F)(F)F YIJZJEYQBAAWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005623 Thifensulfuron-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- PHSUVQBHRAWOQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tiocarbazil Chemical compound CCC(C)N(C(C)CC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 PHSUVQBHRAWOQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005624 Tralkoxydim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHKUVVPPKQRRBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trasan Chemical compound CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OCC(O)=O WHKUVVPPKQRRBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005625 Tri-allate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-allate Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(=O)SCC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005627 Triclopyr Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBZHOAONZVJLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tridiphane Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(C2(CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OC2)=C1 IBZHOAONZVJLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMRQXHFXNZFDCH-SECBINFHSA-N [(2r)-1-(ethylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl] n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 AMRQXHFXNZFDCH-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DDBMQDADIHOWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aclonifen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C(Cl)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DDBMQDADIHOWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCSGPAVHZFQHGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alachlor Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC)C(=O)CCl XCSGPAVHZFQHGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQVYBGPQFYCBGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ametryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(SC)=N1 RQVYBGPQFYCBGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003931 anilides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000729 antidote Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075522 antidotes Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VGPYEHKOIGNJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N asulam Chemical compound COC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 VGPYEHKOIGNJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N atrazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAHPNPYYQAIOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azimsulfuron Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2N(N=CC=2C2=NN(C)N=N2)C)=N1 MAHPNPYYQAIOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- MCOQHIWZJUDQIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barban Chemical compound ClCC#CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 MCOQHIWZJUDQIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYJSGOXICXYZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benazolin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(=O)N(CC(=O)O)C2=C1Cl HYJSGOXICXYZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benfluralin Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bensulfuron-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentazone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NS(=O)(=O)N(C(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1 ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidamine Natural products C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCCCN(C)C)=NN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GINJFDRNADDBIN-FXQIFTODSA-N bilanafos Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCP(C)(O)=O GINJFDRNADDBIN-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001164 bioregulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUHMZYWBSHTEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M bispyribac-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(OC)=NC(OC=2C(=C(OC=3N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N=3)C=CC=2)C([O-])=O)=N1 FUHMZYWBSHTEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WZDDLAZXUYIVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobutide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Br)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZDDLAZXUYIVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKPHPIREJKHECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butachlor Chemical compound CCCCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(CC)C=CC=C1CC HKPHPIREJKHECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAIZTNZGPYBOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCCCC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=N1 VAIZTNZGPYBOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HFEJHAAIJZXXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cafenstrole Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)N1C=NC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC(C)=CC=2C)C)=N1 HFEJHAAIJZXXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001511 capsicum annuum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNCNFDRSHBFIDM-WOJGMQOQSA-N chembl111617 Chemical compound C=CCO\N=C(/CCC)C1=C(O)C(C(=O)OC)C(C)(C)CC1=O PNCNFDRSHBFIDM-WOJGMQOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYKYKTKDBLFHCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloridazon Chemical compound O=C1C(Cl)=C(N)C=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 WYKYKTKDBLFHCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSWAMPCUPHPTTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorimuron-ethyl Chemical group CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(Cl)=CC(OC)=N1 NSWAMPCUPHPTTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVUXTESCPZUGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroxuron Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)N(C)C)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 IVUXTESCPZUGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJYIFXVZLXQVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorsulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)=N1 VJYIFXVZLXQVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNKKTZOEKDFTBU-YBEGLDIGSA-N cinidon ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(/C=C(\Cl)C(=O)OCC)=CC(N2C(C3=C(CCCC3)C2=O)=O)=C1 NNKKTZOEKDFTBU-YBEGLDIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SILSDTWXNBZOGF-JWGBMQLESA-N clethodim Chemical compound CCSC(C)CC1CC(O)=C(C(CC)=NOC\C=C\Cl)C(=O)C1 SILSDTWXNBZOGF-JWGBMQLESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUIKUTLBPMDDNQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N clodinafop Chemical compound C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1F YUIKUTLBPMDDNQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUBANNPOLNYSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N clopyralid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC(Cl)=CC=C1Cl HUBANNPOLNYSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002770 condensed tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- WZJZMXBKUWKXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N desmedipham Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WZJZMXBKUWKXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWEDIXLBFLAXBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicamba Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=C1C(O)=O IWEDIXLBFLAXBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl pyrocarbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYEHFWKAOXOVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diflufenican Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 WYEHFWKAOXOVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWUPSGJXXPATLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimepiperate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)SC(=O)N1CCCCC1 BWUPSGJXXPATLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCCDDNKJYDZXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethachlor Chemical compound COCCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C SCCDDNKJYDZXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diquat Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- SBHXYTNGIZCORC-ZDUSSCGKSA-N eriodictyol Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(C=C3O2)O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SBHXYTNGIZCORC-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUJPOVKMHCLXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriodictyol Natural products C1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2OC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUJPOVKMHCLXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011797 eriodictyol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethametsulfuron-methyl Chemical group CCOC1=NC(NC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC)=N1 ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N ethyl (2r)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNNTAUBZIYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2S1 HVCNNTAUBZIYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=CN=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=N1 OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QMTNOLKHSWIQBE-FGTMMUONSA-N exo-(+)-cinmethylin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@](O2)(C1)C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1C QMTNOLKHSWIQBE-FGTMMUONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenuron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N ferulic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001785 ferulic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114124 ferulic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZONYXWQDUYMKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavanone Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZONYXWQDUYMKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011981 flavanones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VAIZTNZGPYBOGF-CYBMUJFWSA-N fluazifop-P-butyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCCCC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=N1 VAIZTNZGPYBOGF-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOUWCSDKDDHKQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N flumioxazin Chemical compound FC1=CC=2OCC(=O)N(CC#C)C=2C=C1N(C1=O)C(=O)C2=C1CCCC2 FOUWCSDKDDHKQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQZCSNDVOWYALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurochloridone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(N2C(C(Cl)C(CCl)C2)=O)=C1 OQZCSNDVOWYALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCNQYNHDVRPZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluthiacet-methyl Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(SCC(=O)OC)=CC(N=C2N3CCCCN3C(=O)S2)=C1F ZCNQYNHDVRPZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGZZWXTVIYUUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fomesafen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 BGZZWXTVIYUUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical class C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- YPGCWEMNNLXISK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydratropic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YPGCWEMNNLXISK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUCAXVJJQQJZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;2-(phosphonatomethylamino)acetate;trimethylsulfanium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C.OP(O)(=O)CNCC([O-])=O RUCAXVJJQQJZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229930005346 hydroxycinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010359 hydroxycinnamic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NRXQIUSYPAHGNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ioxynil Chemical compound OC1=C(I)C=C(C#N)C=C1I NRXQIUSYPAHGNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUIYMUZLKQOUOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoproturon Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(NC(=O)N(C)C)C=C1 PUIYMUZLKQOUOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMHURSZHKKJGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxaben Chemical compound O1N=C(C(C)(CC)CC)C=C1NC(=O)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC PMHURSZHKKJGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CONWAEURSVPLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactofen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)OC(C)C(=O)OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 CONWAEURSVPLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTMKADLOSYKWCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lenacil Chemical compound O=C1NC=2CCCC=2C(=O)N1C1CCCCC1 ZTMKADLOSYKWCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- XIGAUIHYSDTJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mefenacet Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2SC=1OCC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XIGAUIHYSDTJHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHCNQEUWZYOAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N metamitron Chemical compound O=C1N(N)C(C)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHCNQEUWZYOAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STEPQTYSZVCJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N metazachlor Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(=O)CCl)CN1N=CC=C1 STEPQTYSZVCJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSIUIGPBLPCDF-JMIUGGIZSA-N methyl 2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy-6-[(z)-n-methoxy-c-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzoate Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C)C1=CC=CC(OC=2N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N=2)=C1C(=O)OC USSIUIGPBLPCDF-JMIUGGIZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BACHBFVBHLGWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BACHBFVBHLGWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYURAHUSYDVWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n'-(4-chlorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylcarbamimidate Chemical compound COC(N(C)C)=NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MYURAHUSYDVWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002939 metizoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FOXFZRUHNHCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metribuzin Chemical compound CSC1=NN=C(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N1N FOXFZRUHNHCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEDOPGXGGQYYMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N molinate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N1CCCCCC1 DEDOPGXGGQYYMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMLIZLVNXIYGCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N monuron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BMLIZLVNXIYGCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGMBZDZHRAFLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(butoxymethyl)-n-(2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-2-chloroacetamide Chemical compound CCCCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C(C)(C)C KGMBZDZHRAFLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDFXUDGCYIGBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-ethylsulfanyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanesulfonamide Chemical compound CCSC1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 IDFXUDGCYIGBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDOKZLSGPVBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[5-(1-chloro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound S1C(C(C)(CCl)C)=NN=C1NC(=O)C1CC1 KDOKZLSGPVBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZDIJTXDRLNTIS-DAXSKMNVSA-N n-[[(z)-but-2-enoxy]methyl]-2-chloro-n-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC\C=C/C)C(=O)CCl HZDIJTXDRLNTIS-DAXSKMNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGPBHERUGBOSFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-but-3-yn-2-yl-2-chloro-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound C#CC(C)N(C(=O)CCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 DGPBHERUGBOSFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZGUHMNOBNWABZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nitro-n-phenylnitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N([N+]([O-])=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LZGUHMNOBNWABZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXTHEWSKYLZVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N naptalam Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 JXTHEWSKYLZVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XITQUSLLOSKDTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrofen Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XITQUSLLOSKDTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVGOPFQZYCNLDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N norflurazon Chemical compound O=C1C(Cl)=C(NC)C=NN1C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 NVGOPFQZYCNLDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LLLFASISUZUJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N orbencarb Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1Cl LLLFASISUZUJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UNAHYJYOSSSJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oryzalin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UNAHYJYOSSSJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLPJFSCQKHRSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-3-one Chemical compound O=C1CCOC1 JLPJFSCQKHRSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- IDOWTHOLJBTAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenmedipham Chemical compound COC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 IDOWTHOLJBTAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N picloram Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=NC(C(O)=O)=C1Cl NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISEUFVQQFVOBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometon Chemical compound COC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 ISEUFVQQFVOBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometryn Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propachlor Chemical compound ClCC(=O)N(C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYJMHAFVOZPIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-chloro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-1-yl]benzoate Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC(N2C(N(C)C(=CC2=O)C(F)(F)F)=O)=C1 OYJMHAFVOZPIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FROBCXTULYFHEJ-OAHLLOKOSA-N propaquizafop Chemical compound C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCCON=C(C)C)=CC=C1OC1=CN=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=N1 FROBCXTULYFHEJ-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJNRPILHGGKWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propazine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 WJNRPILHGGKWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHNUZKMIPFFYSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyzamide Chemical compound C#CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 PHNUZKMIPFFYSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosulfocarb Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASRAWSBMDXVNLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolynate Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ASRAWSBMDXVNLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKERUJTUOYLBKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FKERUJTUOYLBKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRWMTJQBQJKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyributicarb Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(N(C)C(=S)OC=2C=C(C=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=N1 VTRWMTJQBQJKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004892 pyridazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinclorac Chemical compound ClC1=CN=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(Cl)C=CC2=C1 FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALZOLUNSQWINIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinmerac Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC2=CC(C)=CN=C21 ALZOLUNSQWINIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-GFCCVEGCSA-N quizalofop-P-ethyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=CN=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=N1 OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBKDWPHJZANJGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N quizalofop-p-tefuryl Chemical group C=1C=C(OC=2N=C3C=CC(Cl)=CC3=NC=2)C=CC=1OC(C)C(=O)OCC1CCCO1 BBKDWPHJZANJGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N rac-diclofop methyl Natural products C1=CC(O[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N rimsulfuron Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N simazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NCC)=N1 ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGLWZSOBALDPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N simetryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NCC)=NC(SC)=N1 MGLWZSOBALDPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sinapinic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013337 sub-cultivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulcotrione Chemical compound ClC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1C(=O)CCCC1=O PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfentrazone Chemical compound O=C1N(C(F)F)C(C)=NN1C1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
- BCQMBFHBDZVHKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbumeton Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=NC(OC)=N1 BCQMBFHBDZVHKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=NC(SC)=N1 IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHTPATJNIAFOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifensulfuron-methyl Chemical group S1C=CC(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC=2N=C(OC)N=C(C)N=2)=C1C(=O)OC AHTPATJNIAFOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQFPEYARZIQXRM-LTGZKZEYSA-N tralkoxydim Chemical compound C1C(=O)C(C(/CC)=N/OCC)=C(O)CC1C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C DQFPEYARZIQXRM-LTGZKZEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N trans-4-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOPFESVZMSQIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triasulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)OCCCl)=N1 XOPFESVZMSQIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YMXOXAPKZDWXLY-QWRGUYRKSA-N tribenuron methyl Chemical group COC(=O)[C@H]1CCCC[C@@H]1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=NC(C)=NC(OC)=N1 YMXOXAPKZDWXLY-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlopyr Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OCC(F)(F)F)=NC(N(C)C)=N1 IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Natural products Cc1cc2C=CC(=O)Oc2cc1OCC=CC(C)(C)O HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1137—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8274—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for herbicide resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for increasing the resistance of crop plants to chemical stress, triggered in particular by insufficiently selective or improperly applied herbicides, characterized in that a plant is produced using molecular genetic methods in which the activity of the enzyme flavanon-3 -hydroxylase is reduced.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the enzyme flavanone-3-hydroxylase by molecular genetic methods (for example antisense construct, co-suppression, the expression of specific antibodies or the expression of specific inhibitors) in whole or in part, continuously or temporarily, in the entire plant or reduced activity in parts of the plant.
- molecular genetic methods for example antisense construct, co-suppression, the expression of specific antibodies or the expression of specific inhibitors
- the resistance of the plants produced by the process according to the invention is increased above all against glyphosates, glucosinate ammonium and compounds of the formula I, against cyclohexenon herbicides such as setoxydim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim or clefoxydim and bromoxynil.
- the invention relates to plants with increased resistance to insufficiently selective and improperly applied herbicides which were prepared by the method according to the invention by expressing a flavanone-3-hydroxylase in an antisense orientation and whose enzymatic activity of the flavanone-3-hydroxylase was reduced is.
- the productivity of crops can be reduced in many ways by stress factors. These include: viral diseases, bacterial and fungal pathogens, damaging insects, nematodes, snails, bite, heat, coolness, cold, lack of water, too high water content in the soil, soil salinity, too high radiation intensity, competition for light, water and nutrients due to accompanying flora, excessive ozone in the air surrounding the plants, harmful emissions, e.g. from industrial plants or motor vehicles, improper or inapplicable herbicide applications, especially in fruit and wine crops, treatments with herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, bioregulators or leaf fertilizers too low Selectivity, foliar application of pesticides or fertilizers during intense sun exposure.
- stress factors include: viral diseases, bacterial and fungal pathogens, damaging insects, nematodes, snails, bite, heat, coolness, cold, lack of water, too high water content in the soil, soil salinity, too high radiation intensity, competition for light, water and nutrients due to accompanying flora, excessive
- the object of the present invention was accordingly to find methods by means of which the resistance of crop plants to chemical stressors, in particular to herbicides, is improved to a greater extent.
- Acylcyclohexadiones such as Prohexadione-Ca and Trinexapac-ethyl (older name: Cimectacarb) are used as bioregulators to inhibit plant growth. Their bioregulatory effect arises from the fact that they block the biosynthesis of gibberellins that promote length growth. Due to their structural relationship to 2-oxoglutaric acid, they inhibit certain dioxygenases that require 2-oxoglutaric acid as co-substrate (Rademacher, W, Biochemical effects of plant growth retardants, in: Plant Biochemical Regulators, Gausman, HW (ed.) , Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 169-200 (1991)).
- prohexadione-Ca, trinexapac-ethyl and other acylcyclohexadiones inhibit 2-oxoglutaric acid-dependent hydroxylases, which are important in the metabolism of phenolic substances.
- F3H flavonone-3-hydroxylase
- acylcyclohexadiones also inhibit other, previously unknown, 2-oxoglutaric acid-dependent hydroxylases.
- the flavonoids eriodictyol, proanthocyanidins which are substituted on the C atom 3 with hydrogen, e.g. Luteforol, luteoliflavan, apigeniflavan and tricetiflavan, as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous oligomers and polymers are increasingly formed from the above-mentioned and structurally related substances.
- flavanone-3-hydroxylase F3H
- phenols hydroxycinnamic acid p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid
- salicylic acid or umbelliferone including the homogeneous and heterogeneous Rogenic oligomers and polymers are found in plants after reducing the enzyme activity of the enzyme flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H).
- R 1 , R 2 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl
- R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl
- R 4 , R 5 are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
- R 4 and R 5 together form a C -C 6 alkanediyl chain which can be substituted one to four times by C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl and / or interrupted by oxygen or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl can;
- R 4 and R 5 together with the associated carbon form a carbonyl or a thiocarbonyl group
- R 6 is hydrogen, -CC alkyl, Ci -C 4 haloalkyl,
- R 7 is hydrogen or Ci -C 4 alkyl
- R 8 C x -C 4 alkyl
- R 9 , R 12 are hydrogen or Ci -C 4 alkyl
- R 4 and R 9 or R 4 and R "or R 5 and R 2 or R 5 and R 3 together form a C 2 -C 6 alkanediyl chain which can be substituted one to four times by C1-C4 alkyl and / or can be interrupted by oxygen or an optionally substituted C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl nitrogen;
- R 5 is a pyrazole of the formula II linked in the 4 position
- R 16 Ci -C 6 alkyl; ZH or S0 2 R 17 ;
- R 17 C1-C4-alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl, which is partially or completely halogenated and / or carries one to three of the following groups: nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, Ci-C -Halogenalkyl, -CC 4 alkoxy or C ⁇ -C 4 haloalkoxy;
- R i8 hydrogen or C ⁇ -C alkyl ⁇
- b2 Arnide allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chlorine-hiamid, dimepiperate, dimethenamid, diphenamid, etobenzanid (benzchlomet), f lamprop-methyl, fosamin, isoxaben, monalide, naptalame, pronamid (propyzamid), propanil b3 aminophosphoric acids: bi lanafos, (bialaphos), bummafos, gluf osmate-ammonium, glyphosate, sulf osate
- 2,4-D, 2,4-DB clomeprop, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, dichloroprop-P (2,4-DP-P), fenoprop (2,4,5-TP), fluoroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, napropamide, napropanilide, tri-clopyr
- b9 Bleacher clomazone (dimethazone), diflufenican, fluorochloridone, flupoxam, fluridone, pyrazolate, sulcotrione (chloromesulone)
- blO carbamates asulam, barban, butylate, carbetamide, chlorobufam, chloropropam, cycloate, desmedipham, dialallate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, phenisopham, phenmedipham, propam, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, sulfallate (CDEC ), terbu-carb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tiocarbazil, triallate, vernolate
- bl2 chloroacetanilides acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, xylachlor
- bl3 cyclohexenones alloxydim, caloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, 2- ⁇ 1- [2- (4-chlorophenoxy) propyloxyi - mino] butyl ⁇ '3-hydroxy-5- (2H-tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl) -2-cyclohexen-l-one
- bl7 Dinitroaniline benefin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, trifluralin
- bl8 dinitrophenols bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb, DNOC
- Diphenyl ether acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chloronitrofen (CNP), difenoxuron, ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen
- Imidazolinones imazamethapyr, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazethapyr b24 oxadiazoles: methazole, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon
- phenoxyphenoxypropionic acid ester clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfopap-pif-methyl , propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl
- Protoporphyrinogen-LX oxidase inhibitors benzofenap, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, pyrazoxyfen, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin
- b32 pyridazines chloridazon, maleic hydrazide, norflurazon, pyridate
- pyridinecarboxylic acids clopyralid, dithiopyr, picloram, thiazopyr
- b34 pyrimidyl ethers pyrithiobac acid, pyrithiobac sodium, KIH-2023, KIH-6127
- Sulfonylureas amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorosulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethamet- sulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron, metsulfuron misulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-ethyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl b37 triazines: ametryn, atrazine, aziprotryn, cyanazine, cyprazine, dimethetrin-trynyn-dynetr-trynyn
- the process according to the invention can be used successfully in the crops of wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, millet, sugar cane, banana, tomato, tobacco, paprika, potato, rapeseed, sugar beet, soybeans, cotton and fruit trees from the family Rosaceae, such as apple, pear, plum, plum, peach, nectarine and cherry, as well as with grapevines, but also with other plants not mentioned by name.
- test plants were cultivated in plastic pots of approximately 300 ml volume on loamy sand with approximately 3% humus content.
- the various herbicides were applied at a shoot length of approx. 12 cm.
- a visual assessment of the degree of damage was carried out approximately 20 days after herbicide treatment. example 1
- Ripe tomato fruits from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymakers were washed, dried and the pericarp was freed from seeds, middle columnella and wooden parts using a sterile blade.
- the pericarp (approx. 50 g) was frozen in liquid nitrogen. The material was then crushed in a mixer. The comminuted material was mixed with 100 ml homogenizing medium in a pre-cooled mortar. The suspension was then transferred to centrifuge cups by pressing through sterile gauze cloths. Then 1/10 vol 10% SDS was added and mixed well. After 10 minutes on ice, 1 volume of phenol / chloroform was added, the centrifuge cup closed and mixed well.
- RNA 20 ⁇ g of total RNA were initially mixed with 3.3 ⁇ l of 3M sodium acetate solution, 2 ⁇ l of IM magnesium sulfate solution and made up to 100 ⁇ l of final volume with DEPC water.
- a microliter RNase-free DNase (Boehringer Mannheim) was added and incubated at 37 ° for 45 min. After removing the enzyme by shaking with phenol / chloroform / isoamyl alcohol, the RNA was precipitated with ethanol and the pellet was taken up in 100 ⁇ l DEPC water. 2.5 ⁇ g RNA from this solution were transcribed into cDNA using a cDNA kit (Gibco BRL).
- the PCR reaction was carried out using the Perkin-Elmer tTth polymerase according to the manufacturer's instructions. 1/8 of the cDNA was used as template (corresponds to 0.3 ⁇ g RNA).
- the PCR program was:
- the fragment was cloned into Promega's vector pGEM-T according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the correctness of the fragment was checked by sequencing.
- the PCR fragment was isolated using the restriction sites Ncol and Pstl present in the polylinker of the vector pGEM-T and the protruding ends were blunt-ended using the T4 polymerase. This fragment
- Fragment A (529 bp) contains the 35S promoter of the CaMV (nucleotides 6909 to 7437 of the cauliflower mosaic virus).
- Fragment B Fragment of the F3H gene in the antisense orientation.
- Fragment C (192 bp) contains the termination signal of the octopine synthase
- a second antisense construct should be generated using a larger F3H fragment.
- the 5 'RACE method (System for Rapid amplification of cDNA ends) was used for the cloning of a larger fragment of the F3H.
- the cDNA first strand synthesis was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions using the GSP-1 (gene-specific primer) 5 '-TTCAC-CACTGCCTGGTGGTCC-3'. Following an RNase digest, the cDNA was purified using the GlassMAX spin system from Life Tecgnologies TM in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
- a cytosine homopolymer was added to the 3 'end of the purified single-stranded F3H cDNA using the terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the 5 'extended F3H cDNA was amplified using a second gene-specific primer (GSP-2) which binds in the region 3' before the GSP-1 recognition sequence and thus enables a "nested” PCR Manufacturer supplied "5 'RACE abrided anchor primer", which is complementary to the homopolymeric dC tail of the cDNA.
- GSP-2 second gene-specific primer
- the cDNA fragment amplified in this way and designated as FSH ex ended was cloned into the vector pGEM-T from Promega according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the identity of the cDNA was confirmed by sequencing.
- the FSHextended cDNA fragment was isolated using the restriction sites Ncol and Pstl present in the polylinker of the vector pGEM-T and the protruding ends under Conversion using T4 polymerase and blunt ends.
- This fragment was cloned into a Smal (blunt) cut vector pBinAR (Höfgen and Willmitzer, 1990) (see Figure 3).
- This vector mediates resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin in plants.
- the DNA constructs obtained contained the PCR fragment in sense and antisense orientation. The antisense construct was used to generate transgenic plants.
- Fragment A (529 bp) contains the 35S promoter of the CaMV (nucleotides 6909 to 7437 of the cauliflower mosaic virus).
- Fragment B Fragment of the F3H gene in the antisense orientation.
- Fragment C (192 bp) contains the termination signal of the octopine synthase gene.
- Tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cv. Moneymaker) were incubated in 10% incubation in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution, then washed 3-4 times with sterile distilled water and placed on MS medium with 3% sucrose, pH 6, 1 for germination . After a germination period of 7-10 d, the cotyledons could be used for the transformation.
- Day 2 Sterile filter paper was placed on the plates coated with the tobacco suspension culture without air bubbles. The cross-cut cotyledons were placed on top with the top down. The petri dishes were incubated for 3 days in the culture room.
- Day 5 The agrobacterial culture (LBA4404) was sedimented by centrifugation at approx. 3000 g for 10 min and resuspended in MS medium so that the OD was 0.3. The cotyledon fragments were added to this suspension, which were incubated with gentle shaking for 30 minutes at room temperature. The cotyledon fragments were then dried off somewhat on sterile filter paper and placed back on their starting plates for the continued cultivation for 3 days in the culture room.
- Non-genetically modified and genetically modified tomato plants of the "Moneymaker” variety were grown in the greenhouse.
- the genetically modified tomato plants expressed the gene flavanon -3-hydroxylase in an antisense orientation.
- Both the non-genetically modified plants and the genetically modified plants were treated with different concentrations of glyphosate. It was found that the plants which contained the flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene in the antisense orientation have a high resistance to glyphosate.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Stress, ausgelöst insbesondere durch ungenügend selektive oder unsachgemäss applizierte Herbizide dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit molekulargenetischen Methoden eine Pflanze hergestellt wird, in der die Aktivität des Enzyms Flavanon-3-hydroxylase reduziert ist.
Description
Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Streß
Beschreibung
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraf von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Streß, ausgelöst insbesondere durch ungenügend selektive oder un- sachgemäß applizierte Herbizide, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit molekulargenetischen Methoden eine Pflanze hergestellt wird, in der die Aktivität des Enzyms Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase reduziert ist.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Enzym Flavanon- 3 -hydroxylase durch molekulargenetische Verfahren (z.B. Antisense-Konstrukt, Co-Suppression, der Expression spezifischer Antikörper oder der Expression spezifischer Inhibitoren) ganz oder teilweise, andauernd oder vorübergehend, in der gesamten Pflanze oder in Teilen der Pflanze in seiner Aktivität reduziert ist.
Dabei ist die Widerstandskraft der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Pflanzen vor allem gegen Glyphosate, Glu- fosinate-ammonium und Verbindungen der Formel I, gegen Cyclohexe- non-Herbizide wie Sethoxydim, Cycloxydim, Tepraloxydim oder Cle- foxydim sowie Bromoxynil erhöht.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung Pflanzen mit erhöhter Wider - standskraft gegenüber ungenügend selektiven und unsachgemäß ap- plizierten Herbiziden, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durch Expression einer Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase in Antisens-Orientierung hergestellt wurden und deren enzymatische Aktivität der Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase reduziert ist.
Die Produktivität von Kulturpflanzen kann in vielfältiger Weise durch Streßfaktoren reduziert werden. Zu nennen sind hier unter anderem: Virenerkrankungen, bakterielle und pilzliche Pathogene, schädigende Insekten, Nematoden, Schnecken, Wildverbiß, Hitze, Kühle, Kälte, Wassermangel, zu hoher Wassergehalt des Bodens, Bo- denversalzung, zu hohe Strahlungsintensität, Konkurrenz um Licht, Wasser und Nährstoffe durch Begleitflora, zu hoher Ozongehalt in der die Pflanzen umgebenden Luft, pflanzenschädigende Emissionen, z.B. aus Industriebetrieben oder Kraftfahrzeugen, unsachgemäße oder nicht optimal auszubringende Herbizidanwendungen, besonders in Obst- und Weinkulturen, Behandlungen mit Herbiziden, Insektiziden, Fungiziden, Bioregulatoren oder Blattdüngern von zu gerin-
ger Selektivität, Blattapplikationen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln oder Düngern während intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung.
Die meisten der genannten Stressoren können allgemein als "Chemi- scher Streß" zusammengefaßt werden. Hier sind nur im begrenzten Umfang Möglichkeiten für Gegenmaßnahmen gegeben. Zu nennen ist hier insbesondere der Einsatz von Antidots zur Minimierung herbizidbedingter Schäden bei Kulturpflanzen. Der Einsatz von Antidots beschränkt sich jedoch auf bestimmte herbizide Wirkstoffklassen und ist nur für Gramineen von Bedeutung. Antidots für Totalherbizide wie Glyphosate oder Glufosinate-ammoniurn sind nicht für die Praxis verfügbar, da ihr Einsatz nicht zu befriedigenden Resultaten führt.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war demgemäß das Auffinden von Verfahren, mit deren Hilfe die Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemische Stressoren, insbesondere gegen Herbizide, in breiterem Umfang verbessert wird.
Ausgehend von physiologischen Untersuchungen mit Wachstums- regulatoren aus der Gruppe der Acylcyclohexadione wurden nun überraschend gentechnologische Verfahren verfügbar, mit deren Hilfe sich Kulturpflanzen erzeugen lassen, die gegen eine Reihe von chemischen Stressoren, insbesondere Herbizide, widerstandstä- hig sind.
Acylcyclohexadione wie Prohexadion-Ca und Trinexapac-ethyl (ältere Bezeichnung: Cimectacarb) werden als Bioregulatoren zur Hemmung des pflanzlichen Längenwachstums eingesetzt. Ihre bioregu- latorische Wirkung kommt dadurch zustande, daß sie die Biosynthese von längenwachstumsfördernden Gibberellinen blockieren. Dabei hemmen sie aufgrund ihrer strukturellen Verwandtschaft zu 2-Oxoglutarsäure bestimmte Dioxygenasen, die 2-Oxoglutarsäure als Co-Substrat benötigen (Rademacher, W, Biochemical effects of plant growth retardants, in: Plant Biochemical Regulators, Gaus- man, HW (ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 169-200 (1991) ) . Es ist bekannt, daß derartige Verbindungen auch in den Stoffwechsel von Phenolen eingreifen und so bei mehreren Pflanzenarten eine Hemmung der Anthocyanbildung bewirken können (Rade- macher, W et al . , The mode of action of acylcyclohexanediones - a new type of growth retardant, in: Progress in Plant Growth Regulation, Karssen, CM, van Loon, LC, Vreugdenhil, D (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1992)). Derartige Effekte auf den Haushalt phenolischer Inhaltsstoffe werden als ursächlich für die Nebenwirkung von Prohexadion-Ca gegen Feuerbrand angegeben (Rade- macher, W et al., Prohexadione-Ca - a new plant growth regulator for apple with interesting biochemical features, Poster auf dem
25th Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, 7.-10. Juli 1998, Chicago). A. Lux-Endrich (Dissertation Technische Universität München in Weihenstephan, 1998) findet im Verlauf ihrer Untersuchungen zum Wirkmechanismus von Prohexadion- Ca gegen Feuerbrand, daß es in Zellkulturen von Apfel durch Prohexadion-Ca zu einer mehrfachen Erhöhung des Gehaltes an phenolischen Substanzen kommt und daß dabei eine Reihe von sonst nicht vorhandenen Phenolen auftritt. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen wurde weiterhin gefunden, daß unter dem Einfluß von Pro- hexadion-Ca relativ hohe Mengen von Luteoliflavan und Eriodyctiol in Sproßgewebe von Apfel auftreten. Luteoliflavan kommt in Apfelgewebe normalerweise nicht vor und Eriodyctiol tritt als Inter- ediat des Flavonoidstoffwechseis nur in geringen Mengen auf. Die zu erwartenden Flavonoide Catechin und Cyanidin waren im behan- delten Gewebe jedoch nicht nachweisbar oder traten nur in deutlich reduzierten Mengen auf (S. Rommelt et al, Vortrag 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight, Kusadasi, Türkei, 12.-15. Oktober 1998) .
Es kann als gesichert gelten, daß Prohexadion-Ca, Trinexapac- ethyl und andere Acylcyclohexadione 2-Oxoglutarsäure-abhängige Hydroxylasen inhibieren, die im Stoffwechsel phenolischer Substanzen von Bedeutung sind. Dabei handelt es sich primär um Fla- vanon-3-hydroxylase (F3H) (W. Heller und G. Forkmann, Bio- synthesis, in: The Flavonoids, Harborne, JB (ed.), Chapman and Hall, New York, 1988) . Es kann jedoch nicht ausgeschlossen werden, daß Acylcyclohexadione auch weitere, bislang unbekannte, 2-Oxoglutarsäure-abhängige Hydroxylasen hemmen. Es dürfte ferner naheliegend sein, daß ein Mangel an Catechin, Cyanidin oder ande- ren Endprodukten der Flavonoidsynthese von der Pflanze registriert wird und daß über einen Feedback-Mechanismus die Aktivität des Schlüsselenzyms Phenylalaninammoniumlyase (PAL) erhöht wird. Durch die weiterhin existierende Hemmung der F3H können diese Flavonoid-Endprodukte jedoch nicht gebildet werden, und es kommt zu einer vermehrten Bildung von Luteoliflavan, Eriodyctiol und anderer Phenole (Abbildung 1) .
Durch die Reduktion der Enzymaktivität des Enzyms Flavanon-3-hydroxylase (F3H) werden die Flavonoide Eriodictyol, Proanthocyani - dine, die am C-Atom 3 mit Wasserstoff substituiert sind, z.B. Lu- teoforol, Luteoliflavan, Apigeniflavan und Tricetiflavan, sowie homogene und heterogene Oligomere und Polymere aus den genannten und strukturell verwandten Substanzen vermehrt gebildet.
Erhöhte Konzentratonen der Phenole Hydroxyzimtsäure (p-Cumar- säure, Ferulasäure, Sinapinsäure) , Salicylsäure oder Umbellife- ron, einschließlich der aus ihnen gebildeten homogenen und hete-
rogenen Oligomere und Polymere werden nach Reduktion der Enzym- aktivität des Enzyms Flavanon-3-hydroxylase (F3H) in Pflanzen festgestellt.
Ausgehend von diesen Befunden und den daraus abgeleiteten Hypothesen wurden gentechnisch veränderte Kulturpflanzen erzeugt, in denen Flavanon- 3 -hydroxylase durch Anti-Sense-Konstrukte ganz oder teilweise, dauerhaft oder vorübergehend, in der gesamten Pflanze oder in einzelnen Pflanzenorganen oder -geweben in ihren Aktivitäten reduziert waren, so daß hier der Gehalt an Phenolen und somit die Widerstandsfähigkeit der neuartigen Pflanzen gegen chemischen Streß erhöht war.
Besonders war bei den transgenen Pflanzen in denen die Flava- non- 3 -hydroxylase Aktivität mit molekulargenetischen Methoden reduziert war, eine erhöhte Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen chemischen Streß, ausgelöst insbesondere durch ungenügend selektive oder unsachgemäß applizierte Herbizide festzustellen. Dieser Effekt wurde vor allem bei Applikation der Herbizide Glyphosate, Glufo- sinate-ammonium, Verbindungen der Formel (I), Cyclohexenon-Herbi - ziden wie Sethoxydim, Cycloxydim, Tepraloxydim oder Clefoxydim und bei Bromoxynil beobachtet.
Weiterhin wird die Widerstandskraft gegen den herbiziden Wirk- stoff der Formel I erhöht, wobei in Verbindungen der Formel I und deren landwirtschaftlich brauchbaren Salze
R3 die Variablen folgende Bedeutungen haben:
R1, R2 Wasserstoff, Nitro, Halogen, Cyano, Cι-C6-Alkyl,
Ci-Cβ-Halogenalkyl, Cι-C6-Alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-Halogenalkoxy, Cι-C6-Alkylthio, Cx -C6 -Halogenalkylthio, Cι-C6-Alkyl- sulfinyl, Ci-Cβ-Halogenalkylsulfinyl, Cι-C6 -Alkylsulfonyl oder Ci-Cβ-Halogenalkylsulfonyl;
R3 Wasserstoff, Halogen oder Ci-Cε -Alkyl;
R4, R5 Wasserstoff, Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, Cι-C4 -Alkyl,
Cι-C4-Alkoxy-Cι-C -alkyl, Di- (Cx-C4-alkoxy) -Cι-C -alkyl, Di- (Cι-C -alkyl) -amino-C!-C -alkyl, [2,2-Di- (Cι-C -
alkyl) -hydrazino- 1] -Cι-C -alkyl , Ci-Cδ-Alkyliminooxy- Ci -C4 -alkyl , Ci -C -Alkoxycarbonyl -Cj - C4 -alkyl , C1-C4 -Alkylthio-Cι-C4 -alkyl, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkyl, Cι-C4 -Cyanoalkyl, C3-C8-Cycloalkyl, C1-C4 -Alkoxy, Ci-C4 -Alkoxy-C2-C4 -alkoxy, Ci -C4 -Halogenalkoxy, Hydroxy, Cι-C4-Alkylcarbonyloxy, Cι-C -Alkylthio, C1-C4 -Halogen- alkylthio, Di- (Cχ-C4 -alkyl) -amino, COR6, Phenyl oder Benzyl, wobei die beiden letztgenannten Substituenten partiell oder vollständig halogeniert sein können und/ oder eine bis drei der folgenden Gruppen tragen können: Nitro, Cyano, Cχ-C4 -Alkyl, Cχ-C4-Halogenalkyl, Cι-C4 -Alkoxy oder C1-C4 -Halogenalkoxy;
oder
R4 und R5bilden gemeinsam eine C -C6 -Alkandiyl -Kette, die ein- bis vierfach durch Cχ-C4 -Alkyl substituiert sein kann und/ oder durch Sauerstoff oder einen gegebenenfalls Cι-C4 -Alkyl substituierten Stickstoff unterbrochen sein kann;
oder
R4 und R5bilden gemeinsam mit dem zugehörigen Kohlenstoff eine Carbonyl- oder eine Thiocarbonylgruppe;
R6 Wasserstoff, Cι-C -Alkyl, Ci -C4 -Halogenalkyl,
Cχ-C4 -Alkoxy, Ci -C4-Alkoxy-C -C4 -alkoxy, C1-C4 -Halogenalkoxy, C3-C6-Alkenyloxy, C -C6-Alkinyloxy oder NR7R8;
R7 Wasserstoff oder Ci -C4 -Alkyl;
R8 Cx-C4-Alkyl ;
X O , S , NR9 , CO Oder CRiOR11 ;
Y 0 , S , NR12 , CO oder CR^R*4 ;
R9, R12 Wasserstoff oder Ci -C4-Alkyl;
R10, R11, R13, R1« Wasserstoff, C3.-C4 -Alkyl, C1-C4 -Halogenalkyl,
C1-C4 -Alkoxycarbonyl, Cι-C4-Halogenalkoxycarbσnyl oder
CONR7R8;
oder
R4 und R9oder R4 und R" oder R5 und R 2 oder R5 und R3 bilden gemeinsam eine C2 -C6 -Alkandiyl -Kette, die ein- bis vierfach durch C1-C4 -Alkyl substituiert sein kann und/oder durch Sauerstoff oder einen gegebenenfalls Cχ-C4 -Alkyl substi- tuierten Stickstoff unterbrochen sein kann;
R5 ein in 4 -Stellung verknüpftes Pyrazol der Formel II
Rl6 Z
wobei
R16 Ci -C6-Alkyl; Z H oder S02R17;
R17 C1-C4 -Alkyl, C1-C4 -Halogenalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl, das partiell oder vollständig halogeniert ist und/ oder eine bis drei der folgenden Gruppen trägt: Nitro, Cyano, Cι-C -Alkyl, Ci -C -Halogenalkyl, Cι-C4-Alkoxy oder Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkoxy;
Ri8 Wasserstoff oder Cι-Cδ-Alkyl
wobei X und Y nicht gleichzeitig für Sauerstoff oder Schwefel stehen.
Die folgende Liste von Verbindungen mit herbizider Wirkung zeigt mögliche Wirkstoffe auf, bei denen ebenfalls in Pflanzen in denen die Enzymaktivität der Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase durch Antisens -Kon- strukte ganz oder teilweise reduziert ist, eine höhere Wider - Standskraft gegen das betreffende Herbizide beobachtet werden kann. Die Liste ist jedoch nicht auf diese Wirkstoffe beschränkt.
bl 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazolen: buthidazole, cyprazole
b2 Arnide: allidochlor (CDAA) , benzoylprop-ethyl , bromobutide, chlort - hiamid , dimepiperate , dimethenamid, diphenamid, etobenzanid (benzchlomet ) , f lamprop-methyl , fosamin, isoxaben, monalide, naptalame, pronamid (propyzamid) , propanil
b3 Aminophosphorsauren : bi lanafos , (bialaphos ) , bummafos , gluf osmate-ammonium , gly- phosate , sulf osate
b4 Aminotriazolen : amitrol
b5 Anil ide : anilofos, mefenacet
b6 Aryloxyalkansauren:
2,4-D, 2,4-DB, clomeprop, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, dich- lorprop-P (2,4-DP-P), fenoprop (2,4,5-TP), fluoroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, napropamide, napropanilide, tri- clopyr
b7 Benzoesauren: chloramben, dicamba
b8 Benzothiadiazinonen: bentazon
b9 Bleacher: clomazone (dimethazone) , diflufenican, fluorochloridone, flu- poxam, fluridone, pyrazolate, sulcotrione (chlormesulone)
blO Carbamaten: asulam, barban, butylate, carbetamid, chlorbufam, chlorpro- pham, cycloate, desmedipham, diallate, EPTC, esprocarb, moli- nate, orbencarb, pebulate, phenisopham, phenmedipham, pro- pham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, sulfallate (CDEC) , terbu- carb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb) , tiocarbazil, triallate, ver- nolate
bll Chinolinsauren: quinclorac, quinmerac
bl2 Chloracetaniliden: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl ethyl, dimethachlor , metazachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, xylachlor
bl3 Cyclohexenonen: alloxydim, caloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, 2- {1- [2- (4-Chlorphenoxy)propyloxyi -
mino]butyl} ' 3-hydroxy-5- (2H-tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl) - 2-cyclohexen-l-on
bl4 Dichlorpropionsäuren: dalapon
bl5 Dihydrobenzofurane: ethofumesate
blβ Dihydrofuran-3-one: flurta one
bl7 Dinitroaniline: benefin, butralin, dinitramin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, trifluralin
bl8 Dinitrophenole: bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetat, dinoterb, DNOC
bl9 Diphenylether: acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlornitrofen (CNP) , difenoxuron, ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen
b20 Dipyridylene: cyperquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfat, diquat, paraquat di- chlorid
b21 Harnstoffe: benzthiazuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloroxuron, chlorto• luron, cumyluron, dibenzyluron, cycluron, dimefuron, diuron, dymron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluormeturon, isoproturon, isouron, karbutilat, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobenzu- ron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron, neburon, siduron, tebu- thiuron, trimeturon
b22 Imidazole: isocarbamid
b23 Imidazolinone: imazamethapyr, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethabenz-methyl (ima- zame) , imazethapyr
b24 Oxadiazole: methazole, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon
b25 Oxirane: tridiphane
b26 Phenole: bromoxynil, ioxynil
b27 Phenoxyphenoxypropionsäureester: clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl , diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop- ethyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl , isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop- ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl
b28 Phenylessigsäuren: chlorfenac (fenac)
b29 Phenylpropionsäuren: chlorophenprop-methyl
b30 Protoporphyrinogen-lX-Oxydase-Hemmer : benzofenap, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl , flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, pyrazoxyfen, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin
b31 Pyrazole: nipyraclofen
b32 Pyridazine: chloridazon, maleic hydrazide, norflurazon, pyridate
b33 Pyridincarbonsäuren: clopyralid, dithiopyr, picloram, thiazopyr
b34 Pyrimidylethern: pyrithiobac-säure, pyrithiobac-sodium, KIH-2023, KIH-6127
b35 Sulfonamide: flumetsulam, metosulam
b36 Sulfonylharnstoffe: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron- ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethamet- sulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron- methyl, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, pri-
misulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron- ethyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl b37 Triazine: ametryn, atrazin, aziprotryn, cyanazine, cyprazine, desme- tryn, dimethamethryn, dipropetryn, eglinazin-ethyl, hexazi- non, procyazine, prometon, prometryn, propazin, secbumeton, simazin, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazin, trie- tazin
b38 Triazinone: ethiozin, metamitron, metribuzin
b39 Triazolcarboxamide: triazofenamid
b40 Uracile: bromacil , lenacil , terbacil
b41 Verschiedene: benazolin, benfuresate, bensulide, benzofluor, butamifos, ca- fenstrole, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) , cinmethylin, dichlobe- nil, endothall, fluorbentranil, mefluidide, perfluidone, pi - perophos
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich erfolgreich bei den Kulturpflanzen Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Hafer, Reis, Mais, Hirse, Zuckerrohr, Banane, Tomate, Tabak, Paprika, Kartoffel, Raps, Zuk- kerrübe, Soja, Baumwolle und um Obstgehölze aus der Familie der Rosaceen, wie Apfel, Birne, Pflaume, Zwetschge, Pfirsich, Nektarine und Kirsche sowie bei Weinreben, aber auch bei anderen nicht namentlich genannten Pflanzen, anwenden.
In Gewächshausversuchen konnte die erfindungsgemäß erhöhte
Resistenz gegen eine Reihe von Herbiziden belegt werden. Bei diesen Versuchen wurden Testpflanzen in Plastiktöpfen von ca. 300 ml Volumen auf lehmigen Sand mit ungefähr 3 % Humusanteil kultiviert. Die verschiedenen Herbiziden wurden bei einer Sproßlänge von ca. 12 cm appliziert. Eine visuelle Ermittlung des jeweiligen Schädigungsgrades erfolgte ungefähr 20 Tage nach Herbizidbehandlung.
Beispiel 1
Klonierung des Gens einer Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase aus Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymaker
Reife Tomatenfrüchte von Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymaker wurden gewaschen, getrocknet und mittels einer sterilen Klinge das Perikarp von Samen, mittlere Kolumnella und Holzteilen befreit. Das Perikarp (ca. 50 g) wurde in fluessigem Stickstoff eingefroren. Das Material wurde anschliessend in einem Mixer zerkleinert. Das zerkleinerte Material wurde in einem vorgekühlten Mörser mit 100 ml Homogenisierungs-Medium versetzt und gemischt. Die Suspension wurde dann in Zentrifugenbecher überführt, indem sie durch sterile Mulltücher gepreßt wurde. Anschließend wurde 1/10 Vol 10% SDS hinzugefügt und gut gemischt. Nach 10 Minuten auf Eis, wurde 1 Vol Phenol/Chloroform zugegeben, der Zentrifugenbecher verschlossen und gut gemischt. Nach 15 minütiger Zentrifugation bei 4000 rpm wurde der Überstand in ein neues Reaktionsgefäß überführt. Es schlössen sich drei weitere Phenol/ Chloroform Extraktionen und eine Chloroform Extraktion an. Im folgenden wurde 1 Vol 3 M NaAC (Na-Acetat) und 2.5 Vol Ethanol zugegeben. Die Fällung der Nukleinsäuren erfolgte über Nacht bei -20°C. Am nächsten Morgen wurden die Nukleinsäuren für 15 Minuten bei 10000 rpm in der Kühlzentrifuge (4°C) pelletiert. Der Über- stand wurde verworfen und das Pellet in 5-lo ml kaltem 3 M NaAc resuspendiert. Dieser Waschschritt wurde zweimal wiederholt. Das Pellet wurde mit 80%igem Ethanol gewaschen. Das vollständig getrocknet Pellet wurde in ca. 0,5 ml sterilem DEPC (Diethylpyro- carbonat) Wasser aufgenommen und die RNA-Konzentration photome- trisch bestimmt.
20 μg gesamt RNA wurden zunächst mit 3,3 μl 3M Natriu acetat-Lö- sung, 2 μl IM Magnesiumsulfat-Lösung versetzt und auf 100 μl Endvolumen mit DEPC Wasser aufgefüllt. Dazu wurde ein Microliter Rnase freie Dnase (Boehringer Mannheim) gegeben und 45 min bei 37° Grad inkubiert. Nach Entfernen des Enzyms durch ausschütteln mit Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamylalkohol wurde die RNA mit Ethanol gefällt und das Pellet in 100 μl DEPC Wasser aufgenommen. 2,5 μg RNA aus dieser Lösung wurden mittels eines cDNA-Kits (Gibco BRL) in cDNA umgeschrieben.
Unter Verwendung von Aminosäuresequenzen die aus für Flava- none-3-Hydroxylase kodierenden cDNA Klonen abgeleitet wurden, konnten konservierte Bereiche in der Primärsequenz identifiziert werden (Britsch et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 745 -754 (1993), die als Grundlage für das Design von degenerierten PCR Oligo-
nukleotiden dienten. Das 5' Oligonukleotid wurde unter Verwendung der Peptidsequenz SRWPDK (Aminosäure 147-152 in der Sequenz FL3H PETHY aus Petunia hybrida. ermittelt und hatte folgende Sequenz: 5'-TCI (A/C) G (A/G) TGG CC (A/C/G) GA (C/T) AA (A/G) CC-3. > Die Sequenz des unter Verwendung der Peptidsequenz DHQAW (Aminosäure 276281 in der Sequenz FL3H PETHY aus Petunia hybrida ) abgeleiteten Oligonukleotides lautete wie folgt: 5'-CTT CAC ACA (C/ G/T) GC (C/T) TG (A/G) G (A/G)TC-3.
10
Die PCR-Reaktion wurde unter Verwendung der tTth-Polymerase von Perkin-Elmer nach Herstellerangaben durchgeführt. Als Template wurden 1/8 der cDNA eingesetzt (entspricht 0,3 μg RNA). Das PCR- Programm lautete:
15
30 Zyklen
94 Grad 4 sec
40 Grad 30 sec
72 Grad 2 min
20 72 Grad 10 min
Das Fragment wurde nach Herstellerangaben in den Vektor pGEM-T von Promega kloniert.
25 Die Richtigkeit des Fragmentes wurde durch Sequenzierung überprüft. Das PCR Fragment wurde unter Verwendung der im Polylinker des Vektors pGEM-T vorhandenen Restriktionsschnittstellen Ncol und Pstl isoliert und die überstehenden Enden unter Verwendung der T4-Polymerase in glatte Enden überführt. Dieses Fragment
30 wurde in einen Smal (blunt) geschnittenen Vektor pBinAR (Höfgen und Willmitzer, Plant Sei. 66: 221 -230 (1990)) kloniert (siehe Abbildung 2). Dieser enthält den 35S-Promotor des CaMV (Blumenkohlmosaikvirus) (Franck et al . , Cell 21: 285 - 294 (1980)) und das Terminationssignal des Octopin-Synthase Gens (Gielen et al.,
35 EMBO J. 3: 835 - 846 ( 1984)). Dieser Vector vermittelt in Pflanzen Resistenz gegen das Antibiotikum Kanamycin. Die erhaltenen DNA Konstrukte enthielten das PCR Fragment in Sense und Antisense Orientierung. Das Antisensekonstrukt wurde zur Erzeugung transgener Pflanzen eingesetzt.
40
Abbildung 2: Fragment A (529 bp) beinhaltet den 35S-Promotor des CaMV (Nukleotide 6909 bis 7437 des Blumenkohlmosaikvirus) . Fragment B Fragment des F3H Gens in Antisense-Orientierung. Fragment C (192 Bp) enthält das Terminationssignal des Octopin-Synthase
45 Gens.
Klonierung eines größeren cDNA Fragmentes der Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase aus Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymaker unter Verwendung des 5 'RACESystems.
i Um auszuschließen, dass die Erzeugung von Pflanzen mit reduzierter RNA Fließgleichgewichtsmenge der F3H aufgrund der geringen Größe des im Antisensekonstrukt verwendeten F3H PCR Fragmentes nicht erfolgreich ist, sollte ein zweites Antisense-Konstrukt unter Verwendung eines größeren F3H Fragmentes erzeugt werden.
Zum Zweck der Klonierung eines größeren Fragmentes der F3H wurde die 5 'RACE Methode (System for Rapid amplification of cDNA ends) angewendet .
Verlängerung des F3H PCR Fragmentes durch die 5' RACE-Methode unter Verwendung des 5 'RACE System for rapid amplification of cDNA ends, Version 2-0 von Life Tecgnologies™.
Aus reifen Tomatenfrüchten von Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymaker wurde gesamt RNA isoliert (siehe oben) .
Die cDNA Erststrang-Synthese wurde nach Herstellerangaben unter Verwendung des GSP-1 (Gen spezifischer Primer) 5' -TTCAC- CACTGCCTGGTGGTCC-3 ' durchgeführt. Im Anschluß an einen Rnase Ver- dau, wurde die cDNA unter Anwendung des GlassMAX spin Systems von Life Tecgnologies™ gemäß den Herstellerangaben aufgereinigt .
An das 3 ' Ende der gereinigten einzelsträngigen F3H cDNA wurde unter Verwendung der terminalen deoxynukleotydil-Transferase ge- maß den Herstellerangaben ein Cytosin Homopolymer addiert.
Die Amplifikation der 5' verlängerten F3H cDNA erfolgte unter Verwendung eines zweiten Gen spezifischen Primers (GSP-2) der im Bereich 3' vor der GSP-1 Erkennungsequenz bindet und somit eine ,,nested" PCR ermöglichte. Als 5'Primer wurde der vom Hersteller gelieferte "5 'RACE abrided anchor primer" verwendet, der komplementär zum homopolymeren dC-Schwanz der cDNA ist.
Das so amplifizierte und als FSHex ended bezeichnete cDNA Fragment wurde nach Herstellerangaben in den Vektor pGEM-T von Promega kloniert.
Die Identität der cDNA wurde durch Sequenzierung bestätigt.
Das FSHextended cDNA Fragment wurde unter Verwendung der im Polylinker des Vektors pGEM-T vorhandenen Restriktionsschnittstellen Ncol und Pstl isoliert und die überstehenden Enden unter
Verwendung der T4-Polymerase und glatter Enden überführt. Dieses Fragment wurde in einen Smal (blunt) geschnittenen Vektor pBinAR (Höfgen und Willmitzer, 1990) kloniert (siehe Abbildung 3) . Dieser enthält den 35S-Promotor des CaMV (Blumenkohlmosaikvirus) (Franck et al . , 1980) und das Terminationssignal des Octopin-Synthase Gens (Gielen et al., 1984). Dieser Vektor vermittelt in Pflanzen Resistenz gegen das Antibiotikum Kanamycin. Die erhaltenen DNA Konstrukte enthielten das PCR Fragment in Sense und Antisense Orientierung. Das Antisensekonstrukt wurde zur Er- zeugung transgener Pflanzen eingesetzt.
Abbildung 3: Fragment A (529 bp) beinhaltet den 35S-Promotor des CaMV (Nukleotide 6909 bis 7437 des Blumenkohlmosaikvirus) . Fragment B Fragment des F3H Gens in Antisense-Orientierung. Fragment C (192 Bp) enthält das Terminationssignal des Octopin-Synthase Gens.
Beispiel 2
Herstellung transgener Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv. Moneymaker die ein Teilfragment der Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase in Antisense Orientierung exprimieren.
Es wurde die Methode nach Ling et al., Plant Cell Report 17, 843 - 847 ( 1998 ) genutzt. Die Kultivierung erfolgt bei ca. 22°C unter einem 16 h - Licht / 8 h - Dunkel - Regime.
Tomatensamen (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Moneymaker) wurden durch 10 minütige Inkubation in 4%iger Natriumhypochlorit- lösung inkubiert, anschließend 3 - 4 mal mit sterilem destilliertem Wasser gewaschen und auf MS Medium mit 3 % Saccharose, pH 6 , 1 zur Keimung ausgelegt. Nach einer Keimdauer von 7 - 10 d konnten die Kotyledonen für die Transformation eingesetzt werden.
Tag 1: Petrischalen mit dem Medium "MSBN" wurden mit 1,5 ml einer ca. 10 d alten Tabaksuspensionskultur überschichtet. Die Platten wurden mit Folie abgedeckt und bis zum nächsten Tag bei Raumtemperatur inkubiert.
Tag 2: Auf die mit der Tabaksuspensionskultur beschichteten Platten wurde steriles Filterpapier luftblasenfrei aufgelegt. Darauf wurden die quer geschnittenen Keimblätter mit der Oberseite nach unten aufgelegt. Die Petrischalen wurden für 3 Tage im Kulturenraum inkubiert.
Tag 5: Die Agrobakterienkultur (LBA4404) wurde durch Zentri- fugation bei ca. 3000g für 10 min sedimentiert und in MS-Mediu resuspendiert, so daß die OD 0,3 beträgt. In diese Suspension wurden die Keimblattstückchen gegeben, die unter leichtem Schütteln für 30 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur inkubiert wurden. Anschließend wurden die Keimblattstückchen auf sterilem Filterpapier etwas abgetrocknet und wieder zurück auf ihre Ausgangsplatten für die Fortsetzung der Cocultivierung für 3 Tage im Kulturenraum gelegt.
Tag 8: Die cocultivierten Keimblattstückchen wurden auf MSZ2K50+ß gelegt und für die nächsten 4 Wochen im Kulturenraum inkubiert. Danach erfolgte die Subkultivierung.
Sich bildende Sprosse wurden auf Wurzelinduktionsmedium gebracht.
Nach erfolgreicher Bewurzelung konnten die Pflanzen getestet und ins Gewächshaus überführt werden.
Beispiel 3
Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft in gentechnologisch modifizierten Tomaten die eine Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase in Antisens-Orientierung enthalten gegenüber Glyphosate.
Nicht gentechnisch modifizierte und gentechnologisch modifizierte Tomatenpflanzen der Sorte "Moneymaker" wurden im Gewächshaus gezüchtet. Die gentechnologisch modifizierten Tomatenpflanzen ex- primierten das Gen Flavanon -3 -hydroxylase in Antisens -Orientie- rung . Sowohl die nicht gentechnologisch modifizierten Pflanzen als auch die gentechnologisch modifizierten Pflanzen wurden mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen an Glyphosate behandelt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die Pflanzen, die das Flavanon-3 -hydroxylase Gen in Antisens-Orientierung enthielten eine hohe Widerstandskraf gegenüber Glyphosate aufweisen.
Claims
Patentansprüche
1. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflan- zen gegen chemischen Streß, ausgelöst insbesondere durch ungenügend selektive oder unsachgemäß applizierte Herbizide, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit molekulargenetischen Methoden eine Pflanze hergestellt wird, in der die Aktivität des Enzyms Flavanon-3-hydroxylase reduziert ist.
2. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Streß gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Enzym Flavanon-3-hydroxylase durch molekulargenetische Verfahren (z.B. Antisense-Konstrukt, Co-Sup- pression, der Expression spezifischer Antikörper oder der Expression spezifischer Inhibitoren) ganz oder teilweise, andauernd oder vorübergehend, in der gesamten Pflanze oder in Teilen der Pflanze in seiner Aktivität reduziert ist.
3. Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Kulturpflanzen um Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Hafer, Reis, Mais, Hirse, Zuckerrohr, Banane, Tomate, Tabak, Paprika, Kartoffel, Raps, Zuckerrübe, Soja, Baumwolle und um Obstgehölze aus der Familie der Rosaceen, wie Apfel, Birne, Pflaume, Zwetschge, Pfirsich, Nektarine und Kirsche sowie um Weinrebe handelt.
4. Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandskraft gegen den herbiziden Wirkstoff Gly- phosate erhöht wird.
5. Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandskraft gegen den herbiziden Wirkstoff Glu- fosinate-ammonium erhöht wird.
Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandskraft gegen Verbindungen der Formel I erhöht wird, wobei in Verbindungen der Formel I und deren landwirtschaftlich brauchbaren Salze
ariablen folgende Bedeutungen haben:
R , R2 Wasserstoff, Nitro, Halogen, Cyano, Cχ-C6-Alkyl,
Ci-Cβ -Halogenalkyl, Cι-C6-Alkoxy, Cι-C6 -Halogenalkoxy, Cι-C6-Alkylthio, Cι-C6-Halogenalkylthio, Cχ-Cδ-Alkyl- sulfinyl, Cι-C6 -Halogenalkylsulfinyl, Ci -C6 -Alkyl - sulfonyl oder Ci -Z& -Halogenalkylsulfonyl;
R3 Wasserstoff, Halogen oder Cχ-C6 -Alkyl;
R4, R5 Wasserstoff, Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, Cι-C4-Alkyl, Ci -C4 -Alkoxy-Ci - C4 -alkyl ,
Di- (C1-C4-alkoxy) -C -C -alkyl, Di- (Cχ-C4 -alkyl) -ami- no-Cχ-C4-alkyl, [2, 2-Di - (C -C4 - alkyl) -hydrazino-1] -Cχ-C4 -alkyl, Cχ-C6 -Alkyliminooxy-
Cχ-C4 -alkyl, C1 - C4 -Alkoxycarbonyl -Cχ-C4 -alkyl, Cx -C -Alkylthio-C -C4 - alkyl , Cx - C4 -Halogenalkyl , Cχ-C -Cyanoalkyl, C3-C8-Cycloalkyl, Cχ-C4 -Alkoxy, Cχ-C4 -Alkoxy-C2-C4-alkoxy, Cχ-C -Halogenalkoxy, Hydroxy, Cχ-C4 -Alkylcarbonyloxy, Cχ-C4 -Alkylthio,
Cχ-C4-Halogenalkylthio, Di- (Cχ-C4 -alkyl) -amino, COR6, Phenyl oder Benzyl, wobei die beiden letztgenannten Substituenten partiell oder vollständig halogeniert sein können und/oder eine bis drei der folgenden Gruppen tragen können:
Nitro, Cyano, C -C4 -Alkyl, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkyl, Cχ-C4-Alkoxy oder Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkoxy;
oder
R4 und R5bilden gemeinsam eine C -Ce -Alkandiyl-Kette, die ein- bis vierfach durch Cχ-C4 -Alkyl substituiert sein kann und/oder durch Sauerstoff oder einen gegebenenfalls Cχ-C -Alkyl substituierten Stickstoff unterbrochen sein kann;
oder
R4 und R5bilden gemeinsam mit dem zugehörigen Kohlenstoff eine Carbonyl- oder eine Thiocarbonylgruppe;
R6 Wasserstoff, Cχ-C4 -Alkyl, Cχ-C4-Halogenalkyl, Cx -C4 -Alkoxy, C -C4 -Alkoxy-C -C -alkoxy, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkoxy, C3 -C6 -Alkenyloxy, C3-C6-Alkinyl- oxy oder NR7R8;
R7 Wasserstof f oder Cχ - C4 -Alkyl ;
R8 Cx - C4 - Alkyl ;
X O, Ξ, NR9, CO oder CR0RH;
Y 0, S, NRi2, CO oder CR3R4;
R9, Ri2 Wasserstoff oder C -C4 -Alkyl;
Rio, Rii, Ri3, R Wasserstoff, Cχ-C -Alkyl, Cχ-C -Halogenalkyl,
Cχ-C4 -Alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkoxycarbonyl oder CONR7R8;
oder
R4 und R9oder R4 und R10 oder R5 und Ri2 oder R5 und Ri3 bilden gemeinsam eine C2 -C& -Alkandiyl -Kette, die ein- bis vierfach durch Cχ-C4 -Alkyl substituiert sein kann und/oder durch Sauerstoff oder einen gegebenenfalls
C -C4 -Alkyl substituierten Stickstoff unterbrochen sein kann;
R15 ein in 4 -Stellung verknüpftes Pyrazol der Formel II
R" Z
wobei
Ri6 Cχ-C5 -Alkyl;
Z H oder SO2RI7;
R17 Cχ-C4 -Alkyl, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl, das partiell oder vollständig halogeniert ist und/oder eine bis drei der folgenden Gruppen trägt:
Nitro, Cyano, Cχ-C4 -Alkyl, Cχ-C4 -Halogenalkyl, Cχ-C -Alkoxy oder Cχ-C -Halogenalkoxy;
R8 Wasserstoff oder Cχ-C6 -Alkyl
wobei X und Y nicht gleichzeitig für Sauerstoff oder Schwefel stehen.
7. Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandskraft gegen Cyclohexenon-Herbizide wie
Sethoxydim, Cycloxydim, Tepraloxydim oder Clefoxydim erhöht wird.
8. Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandskraft gegen das Herbizid Bromoxynil erhöht wird.
9. Pflanze mit erhöhter Widerstandskraf gegenüber ungenügend selektiven und unsachgemäß applizierten Herbiziden herge- stellt nach einem Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die enzymatische Aktivität des Enzyms Flavanon- 3 -hydroxylase reduziert ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999127568 DE19927568A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 1999-06-17 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Streß |
| DE19927568 | 1999-06-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/005249 WO2000078979A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-06-07 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stress |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1102854A1 true EP1102854A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 |
Family
ID=7911494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00942024A Withdrawn EP1102854A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-06-07 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stress |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1102854A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003503031A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU5678600A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2340279A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19927568A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000078979A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7189895B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2007-03-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Methods to increase the isoflavonoid levels in plants and plants producing increased levels of isoflavonoids |
| TW201113376A (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-04-16 | Basf Agrochemical Products Bv | Herbicide-tolerant plants |
| GB2569635A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Compound |
| US20230257758A1 (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-08-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Plant metabolite-mediated induction of biofilm formation in soil bacteria to increase biological nitrogen fixation and plant nitrogen assimilation |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5432068A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1995-07-11 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Control of male fertility using externally inducible promoter sequences |
| HUT69991A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1995-09-28 | Univ Washington | Methods for the regulation of plant fertility |
| GB9525459D0 (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1996-02-14 | Zeneca Ltd | Genetic control of fruit ripening |
| AU2766099A (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Plant flavanone-3-hydroxylase |
| WO2000050613A2 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-08-31 | Yissum Research And Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | Transgenic plants and method for transforming carnations |
-
1999
- 1999-06-17 DE DE1999127568 patent/DE19927568A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-06-07 EP EP00942024A patent/EP1102854A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-07 AU AU56786/00A patent/AU5678600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-07 JP JP2001505719A patent/JP2003503031A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-07 WO PCT/EP2000/005249 patent/WO2000078979A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-07 CA CA002340279A patent/CA2340279A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0078979A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003503031A (ja) | 2003-01-28 |
| CA2340279A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
| DE19927568A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
| AU5678600A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
| WO2000078979A1 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Lotz et al. | Genetic engineering at the heart of agroecology | |
| DE602004002100T2 (de) | Synergistisch wirkende herbizide mischungen | |
| Koller et al. | The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective | |
| Saigo | Agricultural biotechnology and the negotiation of the biosafety protocol | |
| EP1102854A1 (de) | Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stress | |
| Ricroch | The evolution of agriculture and tools for plant innovation | |
| WO2000078142A2 (de) | Verfahren zur erhöhung der widerstandskraft von kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen stress | |
| Lalotra et al. | Unlocking sustainable agriculture: the crucial role of plant genetic engineering | |
| Ubalua | Transgenic plants: Successes and controversies | |
| EP0970231A1 (de) | Expression von herbizid-bindenden polypeptiden in pflanzen zur erzeugung von herbizidtoleranz | |
| DE19927575A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen phytopathogene Pilze und Bakterien mit Hilfe molekulargenetischer Methoden | |
| Shahiba et al. | Modern approaches in plant breeding enhancing crop genetics | |
| Bijman | How biotechnology is changing the structure of the seed industry | |
| EP4391811B1 (de) | Biobasiertes herbizidverstärkermittel und verfahren zur verwendung davon | |
| DE19933897A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Stress | |
| DE19927569A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Widerstandskraft von Kulturpflanzen gegen chemischen Streß | |
| Perveen et al. | GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT BREEDING: SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS AND BREEDING APPLICATIONS | |
| Qaim | Potentials and Risks of GM Crops | |
| Islam et al. | Cis vs. trans: is cisgenesis an attractive alternative for transgenesis to make genetic modification acceptable to the public? | |
| Jakhar et al. | 5. Role of Biotechnology in Crop Improvement | |
| Abd-Elsalam et al. | CRISPRized fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops: A note from editors | |
| Sarma et al. | CRISPR AND GENOME EDITING IN AGRICULTURE | |
| Blanchard | The Muddled Law of Biotechnology: Frustrating Agricultural and Biomedical Progress | |
| Gokulakrishnan et al. | Recent Trends in Agriculture and Allied Sciences (Vol. 1) ISBN: 978-81-974252-8-8 Page No.: 118-138 | |
| Jha et al. | The GM potato issue: A health concern |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010206 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18W | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20021211 |