EP1099000A1 - Material on an aluminium basis for anti-friction bearings - Google Patents

Material on an aluminium basis for anti-friction bearings

Info

Publication number
EP1099000A1
EP1099000A1 EP99936571A EP99936571A EP1099000A1 EP 1099000 A1 EP1099000 A1 EP 1099000A1 EP 99936571 A EP99936571 A EP 99936571A EP 99936571 A EP99936571 A EP 99936571A EP 1099000 A1 EP1099000 A1 EP 1099000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
iron
silicon
manganese
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99936571A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1099000B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Matucha
Thomas Steffens
Werner Schubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KS Gleitlager GmbH
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KS Gleitlager GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KS Gleitlager GmbH filed Critical KS Gleitlager GmbH
Publication of EP1099000A1 publication Critical patent/EP1099000A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1099000B1 publication Critical patent/EP1099000B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum-based plain bearing material, comprising an aluminum alloy with 10 to 25% by mass of tin or 5 to 25% by mass of lead as well as components due to contamination.
  • Aluminum alloy usually also includes impurities in iron, which manufacturers usually give as less than 0.7%. In fact, the iron content due to contamination is usually in the range from 0.3 to 0.4% by mass. According to common assessment, iron is rather undesirable in aluminum alloys because intermetallic phases that form, such as Al 3 Fe or in the presence of silicon FeSiAl 5 , have a brittle effect and therefore reduce fatigue strength and have a negative impact on formability. Iron aluminide crystallizes in the form of bars or needles or forms thin plates that form potential breakage nuclei and hinder forming. Efforts are therefore made to keep the iron content of the aluminum alloy forming the plain bearing material as low as possible, which limits the use of secondary aluminum or return scrap for the production of the plain bearing material and increases the manufacturing costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a slide bearing material of the type described at the outset in such a way that it shows good forming behavior on the one hand and has high fatigue strength and also comprises hard phase-forming additives which, however, have no embrittling effect, the slide bearing material having should be inexpensive to manufacture.
  • This object is achieved by a plain bearing material of the type mentioned, which is characterized by 0.75 to 2.5% by mass of iron and alloy additives in the form of a) manganese and silicon, the percentage by mass of manganese and silicon in each case at least half of the percentage by mass of iron and for manganese at most 3% by mass and for silicon at most 2% by mass, or b) 0.1 to 0.5% by mass of cobalt or molybdenum.
  • the iron excretions are modified in such a way that they can be used to increase the hardness.
  • the invention therefore proposes not to reduce the iron content already present in secondary aluminum in a complex manner, but to consciously use the iron contained therein in the manner described above, by increasing the iron content to the range specified and the amounts of either manganese indicated above and silicon or cobalt or molybdenum can be added.
  • the lower limit of the manganese and silicon content is in the aforementioned ratio to the iron content in order to sufficiently or largely prevent the formation of undesirable iron aluminides.
  • Aluminum / tin / iron alloys also have the advantage that iron is practically insoluble in the aluminum matrix, and thus the associated iron-containing precipitation phases are glow-stable and not during heat treatment coarsen. They have the further advantage that secondary aluminum containing recycle scrap can be used to manufacture the plain bearing materials. The material costs are therefore lower, since the demand for low-iron qualities does not have to be raised for the metals to be purchased. Part of the iron in the range of 0.3 to 0.4% is also contained in the secondary aluminum almost free of charge.
  • a combination of these alloys can also be used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

An aluminum-based material for anti-friction bearings composed of an aluminum alloy with 10-25 wt % tin or 5-25 wt % lead, impurity-caused components characterized by 0.75-2.5 wt % iron and an alloy additive capable of forming an intermetallic compound having a spherical phase homogeneously distributed in the aluminum alloy. The alloy additive is one of:a) manganese and silicon, in which the weight percentage fractions of manganese and silicon are at least half the weight percentage fraction of the iron and for manganese, at most 3 wt %, and for silicon, at most 2 wt %;b) 0.1-0.5 wt % cobalt; andc) 0.1-0.5 wt % molybdenum.

Description

Titel: Gleitlagerwerkstoff auf AluminiumbasisTitle: Aluminum-based plain bearing material
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gleitlagerwerkstoff auf Aluminiumbasis, umfassend eine Aluminiumlegierung mit 10 bis 25 Masse-% Zinn oder 5 bis 25 Masse-% Blei sowie verunreinigungsbedingten Bestandteilen .The invention relates to an aluminum-based plain bearing material, comprising an aluminum alloy with 10 to 25% by mass of tin or 5 to 25% by mass of lead as well as components due to contamination.
Eine unter der Kurzbezeichnung AlSn20 bekannteOne known under the short name AlSn20
Aluminiumlegierung umfasst üblicherweise auch Verunreinigungen von Eisen, die von den Herstellern üblicherweise mit weniger als 0,7 % angegeben werden. Tatsächlich liegt der verunreinigungsbedingte Eisengehalt aber üblicherweise im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,4 Masse-%. Nach gängiger Einschätzung ist Eisen in Aluminiumlegierungen eher unerwünscht, da sich bildende intermetallische Phasen, wie zum Beispiel Al3Fe oder in Gegenwart von Silizium FeSiAl5, versprodend wirken und damit die Ermüdungsfestigkeit herabsetzen und sich im Hinblick auf die Umformbarkeit negativ auswirken. Eisenaluminid kristallisiert nämlich balken- bzw. nadeiförmig oder bildet dünne Platten aus, die potentielle Bruchkeime bilden und die Umformung behindern. Man ist daher bestrebt, den Eisengehalt der den Gleitlagerwerkstoff bildenden Aluminiumlegierung möglichst gering zu halten, was die Verwendung von Sekundäraluminium oder Rücklaufschrott zur Herstellung des Gleitlagerwerkstoffs begrenzt und die Herstellkosten verteuert .Aluminum alloy usually also includes impurities in iron, which manufacturers usually give as less than 0.7%. In fact, the iron content due to contamination is usually in the range from 0.3 to 0.4% by mass. According to common assessment, iron is rather undesirable in aluminum alloys because intermetallic phases that form, such as Al 3 Fe or in the presence of silicon FeSiAl 5 , have a brittle effect and therefore reduce fatigue strength and have a negative impact on formability. Iron aluminide crystallizes in the form of bars or needles or forms thin plates that form potential breakage nuclei and hinder forming. Efforts are therefore made to keep the iron content of the aluminum alloy forming the plain bearing material as low as possible, which limits the use of secondary aluminum or return scrap for the production of the plain bearing material and increases the manufacturing costs.
Gattungsgemäße Gleitlagerwerkstoffe auf Aluminiumbasis sind auch aus DE-A-69936 und aus US-A-4 471 032 bekannt. Aus diesen Druckschriften sind Legierungszusätze in großem Umfang bekannt; das vorstehend erwähnte Problem ist jedoch nicht angesprochen .Generic aluminum-based plain bearing materials are also known from DE-A-69936 and from US-A-4 471 032. Alloy additives are widely known from these publications; however, the problem mentioned above is not addressed.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gleitlagerwerkstoff der eingangs beschriebenen Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass er einerseits ein gutes Umformverhalten zeigt und eine hohe Ermüdungsfestigkeit aufweist und außerdem Hartphasen bildende Zusätze umfasst, die jedoch keine versprδdende Wirkung zeigen, wobei der Gleitlagerwerkstoff auf kostengünstige Weise herstellbar sein soll. Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Gleitlagerwerkstoff der genannten Art gelöst, der gekennzeichnet ist durch 0,75 bis 2,5 Masse- % Eisen und Legierungszusätze in Form von a) Mangan und Silizium, wobei die masseprozentualen Anteile von Mangan und Silizium jeweils wenigstens die Hälfte des masseprozentualen Anteils des Eisens und für Mangan höchstens 3 Masse-% und für Silizium höchstens 2 Masse-% betragen, oder b) 0,1 bis 0,5 Masse-% Cobalt oder Molybdän.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to improve a slide bearing material of the type described at the outset in such a way that it shows good forming behavior on the one hand and has high fatigue strength and also comprises hard phase-forming additives which, however, have no embrittling effect, the slide bearing material having should be inexpensive to manufacture. This object is achieved by a plain bearing material of the type mentioned, which is characterized by 0.75 to 2.5% by mass of iron and alloy additives in the form of a) manganese and silicon, the percentage by mass of manganese and silicon in each case at least half of the percentage by mass of iron and for manganese at most 3% by mass and for silicon at most 2% by mass, or b) 0.1 to 0.5% by mass of cobalt or molybdenum.
Man hat festgestellt, dass die eingangs beschriebene nachteilige Morphologie der Eisenaluminide durch gezielten Zusatz von entweder Mangan und Silizium oder Cobalt oder Molybdän verbessert werden kann. Es bilden sich dann intermetallische Verbindungen von Eisen, Mangan, Aluminium und Silizium bzw. Eisencobalt- oder Eisenmolybdän-Mischaluminide, deren Morphologie im Hinblick auf eine gute Umformbarkeit und eine hohe Ermüdungsfestigkeit für die Herstellung eines Gleitlagerwerkstoffs geeignet ist, da sie nicht als nadel- oder plattenförmig bezeichnet werden kann, sondern eher durch kugelige homogen verteilte Phasen gekennzeichnet ist, so dass man von einer globularen Ausscheidung sprechen kann. Beispielhaft lassen sich bei Zusatz von Mangan und Silizium eutektisches bzw. bei höheren Gehalten primäres (FeMn) 3Si2Al15 nennen. Bei Zusatz von Cobalt oder Molybdän werden globulare Ausscheidungen vom Typ (CoFe)2A19 bzw. MoFeAlx gebildet. Nach der Erfindung werden die Eisenausscheidungen derart modifiziert, dass sie sich zur Erhöhung der Härte durchaus einsetzen lassen. Mit der Erfindung wird also vorgeschlagen, den in Sekundäraluminium ohnehin vorhandenen Eisengehalt nicht in aufwendiger Weise herabzusetzen, sondern das darin enthaltene Eisen bewusst in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise zu nutzen, indem der Eisengehalt auf den angegebenen Bereich erhöht wird und die vorstehend angegebenen Mengen von entweder Mangan und Silizium oder Cobalt oder Molybdän zugesetzt werden. Dabei steht die untere Grenze des Mangan- und Siliziumgehalts in dem vorstehend genannten Verhältnis zum Eisengehalt, um die Ausbildung unerwünschter Eisenaluminide in hinreichendem Maße bzw. weitestgehend zu verhindern. Im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung der Morphologie von Eisenausscheidungen wurde der Zusatz von Mangan und Silizium oder alternativ Cobalt oder Molybdän als prinzipiell gleichwertig erkannt.It has been found that the disadvantageous morphology of the iron aluminides described at the beginning can be improved by the targeted addition of either manganese and silicon or cobalt or molybdenum. Intermetallic compounds of iron, manganese, aluminum and silicon or iron cobalt or iron molybdenum mixed aluminides are then formed, the morphology of which is suitable in terms of good formability and high fatigue strength for the production of a plain bearing material, since it is not as a needle or can be called plate-shaped, but is rather characterized by spherical, homogeneously distributed phases, so that one can speak of a globular excretion. Examples include the addition of manganese and silicon, or primary (FeMn) 3 Si 2 Al 15 at higher contents. When cobalt or molybdenum is added, globular precipitates of the type (CoFe) 2 A 19 or MoFeAl x are formed. According to the invention, the iron excretions are modified in such a way that they can be used to increase the hardness. The invention therefore proposes not to reduce the iron content already present in secondary aluminum in a complex manner, but to consciously use the iron contained therein in the manner described above, by increasing the iron content to the range specified and the amounts of either manganese indicated above and silicon or cobalt or molybdenum can be added. The lower limit of the manganese and silicon content is in the aforementioned ratio to the iron content in order to sufficiently or largely prevent the formation of undesirable iron aluminides. With a view to improving the morphology of iron excretions, the addition of manganese and silicon or alternatively cobalt or molybdenum was recognized as equivalent in principle.
Es wird also mit der Erfindung erstmalig der bewusste Einsatz von eisenhaltigen Aluminium-Zinn- oder Aluminium-Blei- Legierungen zur Herstellung von Gleitlagerwerkstoffen vorgeschlagen.With the invention, therefore, the conscious use of iron-containing aluminum-tin or aluminum-lead alloys for the production of plain bearing materials is proposed for the first time.
Aluminium/Zinn/Eisen-Legierungen haben auch den Vorteil, dass Eisen in der Aluminium-Matrix praktisch unlöslich ist, und damit die zugehörigen eisenhaltigen Ausscheidungsphasen glühstabil sind und bei einer Wärmebehandlung nicht vergröbern. Sie haben den weiteren Vorteil, dass Rücklaufschrott enthaltendes Sekundäraluminium zur Herstellung der Gleitlagerwerkstoffe verwandt werden kann. Die Materialkosten sind daher geringer, da nicht die Forderung nach eisenarmen Qualitäten bei den einzukaufenden Metallen erhoben werden muss. Ein Teil des Eisens etwa im Bereich 0,3 bis 0,4 % sind im Sekundäraluminium außerdem quasi kostenlos enthalten.Aluminum / tin / iron alloys also have the advantage that iron is practically insoluble in the aluminum matrix, and thus the associated iron-containing precipitation phases are glow-stable and not during heat treatment coarsen. They have the further advantage that secondary aluminum containing recycle scrap can be used to manufacture the plain bearing materials. The material costs are therefore lower, since the demand for low-iron qualities does not have to be raised for the metals to be purchased. Part of the iron in the range of 0.3 to 0.4% is also contained in the secondary aluminum almost free of charge.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Lagerwerkstoffs sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Preferred developments of the bearing material according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Als besonders vorteilhaft haben sich folgende Legierungen erwiesen:The following alloys have proven to be particularly advantageous:
AlSnl2FelMnO , 5Si0 , 5 ,AlSnl2FelMnO, 5Si0, 5,
AlSnl2FelCoO,2,AlSnl2FelCoO, 2,
AlSnl2FelMoO,2.AlSnl2FelMoO, 2.
Auch eine Kombination dieser Legierungen kann zum Einsatz kommen. A combination of these alloys can also be used.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Gleitlagerwerkstoff auf Aluminiumbasis, umfassend eine Aluminiumlegierung mit 10 bis 25 Masse-% Zinn oder 5 - 25 Masse-% Blei sowie verunreinigungsbedingten Bestandteilen, gekennzeichnet durch 0,75 bis 2,5 Masse-% Eisen und Legierungszusätze von1. Aluminum-based plain bearing material, comprising an aluminum alloy with 10 to 25% by mass of tin or 5 to 25% by mass of lead as well as components due to contamination, characterized by 0.75 to 2.5% by mass of iron and alloy additions of
a) Mangan und Silizium, wobei die masseprozentualen Anteile von Mangan und Silizium jeweils wenigstens die Hälfte des masseprozentualen Anteils des Eisens und für Mangan höchstens 3 Masse-% und für Silizium höchstens 2 Masse-% betragen, oder b) 0,1 bis 0,5 Masse-% Cobalt oder Molybdän.a) manganese and silicon, the percentage by mass of manganese and silicon each being at least half the percentage by mass of iron and for manganese at most 3% by mass and for silicon at most 2% by mass, or b) 0.1 to 0, 5% by mass of cobalt or molybdenum.
2. Gleitlagerwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Eisen einen masseprozentualen Anteil von 0,8 bis 1,5 Masse-% aufweist.2. Plain bearing material according to claim 1, characterized in that iron has a mass percentage of 0.8 to 1.5 mass%.
3. Gleitlagerwerkstoff nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch 0,8 bis 1,2 Masse-% Eisen, 0,4 bis 0,6 Masse-% Mangan und 0,4 bis 0,6 Masse-% Silizium.3. plain bearing material according to claim 2, characterized by 0.8 to 1.2 mass% iron, 0.4 to 0.6 mass% manganese and 0.4 to 0.6 mass% silicon.
4. Gleitlagerwerkstoff nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, gekennzeichnet durch 0,8 bis 1,2 Masse-% Eisen, und 0,1 bis 0,3 Masse-% Cobalt.4. plain bearing material according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by 0.8 to 1.2 mass% iron, and 0.1 to 0.3 mass% cobalt.
5. Gleitlagerwerkstoff nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch 0,8 bis 1,2 Masse-% Eisen, und 0,1 bis 0,3 Masse-% Molybdän. Gleitlagerwerkstoff nach einem der vorstehenden5. plain bearing material according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by 0.8 to 1.2 mass% iron, and 0.1 to 0.3 mass% molybdenum. G leitlagerwerkstoff according to any preceding
Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 10 bis 14 Masse-% Zinn oder Blei. A nsprüche, characterized by 10 to 14% by weight tin or lead.
EP99936571A 1998-07-23 1999-07-20 Material on an aluminium basis for anti-friction bearings Expired - Lifetime EP1099000B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833200 1998-07-23
DE19833200A DE19833200A1 (en) 1998-07-23 1998-07-23 Aluminum-tin or aluminum-lead plain bearing alloy, contains iron, manganese and silicon or cobalt or molybdenum for globular mixed iron aluminide formation
PCT/EP1999/005152 WO2000005427A1 (en) 1998-07-23 1999-07-20 Material on an aluminium basis for anti-friction bearings

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1099000A1 true EP1099000A1 (en) 2001-05-16
EP1099000B1 EP1099000B1 (en) 2002-12-04

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99936571A Expired - Lifetime EP1099000B1 (en) 1998-07-23 1999-07-20 Material on an aluminium basis for anti-friction bearings

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US6673168B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1099000B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002521565A (en)
AT (1) ATE229089T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9909145A (en)
DE (2) DE19833200A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2186388T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2000005427A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3857503B2 (en) * 2000-07-26 2006-12-13 大同メタル工業株式会社 Aluminum bearing alloy
GB2366531B (en) * 2000-09-11 2004-08-11 Daido Metal Co Method and apparatus for continuous casting of aluminum bearing alloy
DE102011004133B4 (en) 2011-02-15 2015-11-19 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Method for producing a lead-free, plated aluminum plain bearing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69936C (en) B. MÜNSBERG in Berlin O., Mühlenstrafse 8 Microphone in which the power circuit is formed by charred fiber
GB623486A (en) * 1947-05-02 1949-05-18 Rupert Martin Bradbury A bearing alloy
US4278740A (en) 1978-07-11 1981-07-14 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum-tin base bearing alloy and composite
JPS6055582B2 (en) 1979-08-30 1985-12-05 大豊工業株式会社 aluminum bearing material
US4471032A (en) * 1981-10-15 1984-09-11 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum base bearing alloy and bearing composite
JPS6058774B2 (en) * 1982-02-01 1985-12-21 大豊工業株式会社 aluminum bearing alloy
GB2182348B (en) * 1985-09-13 1989-08-23 Nippon Dia Clevite Co Aluminium alloy and its use in a two-layer bearing material
JP2810057B2 (en) * 1988-08-05 1998-10-15 日産自動車株式会社 Aluminum bearing alloy
JP3298635B2 (en) * 1990-04-27 2002-07-02 大豊工業株式会社 Aluminum bearing alloy
CN1056888C (en) * 1996-07-18 2000-09-27 吉林工业大学 Material for casting sliding bearing of Al-Pb alloy and technology and apparatus thereof

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2186388T3 (en) 2003-05-01
DE19833200A1 (en) 2000-01-27
DE59903668D1 (en) 2003-01-16
WO2000005427A1 (en) 2000-02-03
JP2002521565A (en) 2002-07-16
ATE229089T1 (en) 2002-12-15
EP1099000B1 (en) 2002-12-04
BR9909145A (en) 2000-12-05
US6673168B1 (en) 2004-01-06

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