EP1095421B1 - Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, especially for a multiple coaxial line - Google Patents

Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, especially for a multiple coaxial line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1095421B1
EP1095421B1 EP00931081A EP00931081A EP1095421B1 EP 1095421 B1 EP1095421 B1 EP 1095421B1 EP 00931081 A EP00931081 A EP 00931081A EP 00931081 A EP00931081 A EP 00931081A EP 1095421 B1 EP1095421 B1 EP 1095421B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coaxial
line
feed
conductor
outer conductor
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00931081A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1095421A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Stolle
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Kathrein SE
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Kathrein Werke KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a feeding or decoupling device for coaxial line, in particular multiple coaxial line.
  • the problem is to place the inner conductor of a coaxial line to the potential of the outer conductor, usually to ground.
  • This can be done in practice, for example, by a short-circuited ⁇ / 4 stub that is connected in parallel to another line.
  • the inner and outer conductors are short-circuited at the end of the stub line.
  • the inner conductor is electrically connected to the outer conductor by the parallel connection of the shorted ⁇ / 4 stub, this parallel connection does not change the input impedance of the other line, namely, when the length of the coaxial line is one fourth of the respective wavelength.
  • the short circuit namely at the end of the stub line is transformed into an open circuit at the input of the line. This principle is therefore dependent on the wavelength, so far only effective narrowband.
  • Such circuits can be used, for example, as surge arresters (lightning arrestor circuits) in coaxial lines to place an inner conductor at the potential of the outer conductor in narrowband applications, i. usually to put the inner conductor as the outer conductor to ground and grounded with it.
  • surge arresters lightning arrestor circuits
  • Another important application of a broadband application relates to the mobile sector.
  • the mobile radio area is known to be largely handled via the GSM 900 network, ie in the 900 MHz range.
  • GSM 900 network ie in the 900 MHz range.
  • v.a. In Europe also established the GSM 1800 standard, in which signals can be received and transmitted in a 1800 MHz range.
  • multi-range antenna devices are therefore required for transmitting and receiving different frequency ranges, which usually have dipole structures, ie a dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 900 MHz band range and another dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 1800 MHz band range.
  • each antenna system being intended to be suitable for at least two frequency ranges.
  • the individual antenna systems can then be switched or used for one or both frequency ranges.
  • the implementation of this concept requires that, for example, two such multi-band antennas are installed side by side, but this is associated with the disadvantage that the individual antennas no longer have an omnidirectional diagram, as they shade each other in the radiation field.
  • the feeding and decoupling device consists of two out of the antenna mast in each case at the level of the relevant antenna device led out coaxial cables.
  • a feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial cable for a multigrade antenna is basically from DE-A1-23 54 550 known, this prior art arrangement comprises an outer conductor and an inner conductor and a stub, each with the outer and the inner conductor a lateral feed line is connected. At the end of the stub, the outer conductor is short-circuited to the inner conductor. The length of the stub line corresponds to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves running through the feed line.
  • an antenna device which comprises a plurality of antenna systems arranged one above the other, which, however, should then likewise be usable for at least two frequency ranges.
  • a multi-band or broadband feed is not possible here with the known means and solutions.
  • an omni-directional antenna array having at least two omnidirectional antenna feed arrangements for these antennas has become known. These omnidirectional antennas are arranged one above the other along a common axis of symmetry.
  • the feed arrangement is formed by concentric coaxial lines extending along the symmetry axis in the center of the antenna array.
  • the omnidirectional antenna array consists of an array of superimposed antennas having the same axis of symmetry and a feed arrangement formed by concentric coaxial lines. For example, a triple-coaxial arrangement is described which can feed two independent antennas.
  • the inner coaxial line is formed by a first inner and an outer conductor which feed an upper antenna.
  • the outer coaxial line - via which the lower antenna is fed - also has an outer and an inner conductor, wherein the inner conductor of this outer coaxial line simultaneously forms the outer conductor of the inner coaxial line.
  • the invention provides for the first time a solution for laying an inner conductor at the potential of the outer conductor, namely for a broadband application, ie comprising at least two frequencies or frequency ranges.
  • the inner conductor as well as the outer conductor can be grounded.
  • the concept according to the invention can easily be extended to multiple coaxial lines, by means of which it is then possible according to the invention to easily feed superposed multi-band antenna systems.
  • the inventive concept is that two interleaved short-circuited ⁇ / 4 lines or stubs are used, for example, two frequency ranges, wherein the electrical length of a line is tuned to one frequency and the electrical length of the other short-circuited line to the other frequency. Since the two short-circuited ⁇ / 4 lines are connected in series, with respect to the two frequency ranges by the short circuits at the feed point each one idle transformed, whereby the outer coaxial line can be fed adjusted. By the short-circuit connection of the inner conductor is placed on the potential of the outer conductor, so that the inner conductor is grounded, even if the outer conductor is grounded.
  • the electrical length of the outer ⁇ / 4 line corresponds to the higher frequency, wherein the electrical length of the inner coaxial line is tuned to the lower frequency. Nevertheless, a reverse arrangement is possible.
  • the principle according to the invention can equally be implemented in a broadband manner by, for example, further providing a corresponding adaptation with regard to at least one further, ie, for example, a third frequency range offset to the first two frequency ranges.
  • the inner conductor is electrically connected by three interleaved short-circuited ⁇ / 4 lines (stubs) electrically connected to the outer conductor, the electrical length of the three short-circuited stub lines are tuned to the relevant frequency ranges.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial line is formed by a further coaxial line, whereby, for example, a Triax effet exists.
  • the inner coaxial line can be used, for example, to feed an upper antenna system comprising at least two frequency ranges, wherein the outer coaxial line can serve for the corresponding feed of a lower-lying antenna system with at least two frequency ranges.
  • the outer conductor of the inner coaxial line is at the same time the inner conductor of the outer coaxial line, which are set by the inventive shorted and interleaved ⁇ / 4 lines to the same potential.
  • a multi-coaxial cable with a plurality of inner and outer conductors is generally to be fed, then the principle according to the invention is applied cascaded using interleaved short-circuit lines provided as a function of the number of frequencies in order to electrically connect one outer conductor to the next inner inner conductor in each stage connect to.
  • a common line consists of a multiple coax line, for example, when two antenna devices arranged one above the other from a triax line. If n superposed antennas are to be fed, a coaxial line with n + 1 lines is required.
  • each of the superimposed antenna devices for transmitting or receiving multiple frequency ranges for example, two frequency ranges, three frequency ranges, etc. serve.
  • a multiband decoupling device for such multiple coax lines allows a very good decoupling for the different frequency ranges to be transmitted, in the mobile radio range, for example, for the two bands of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz.
  • the resulting good matching results in a significantly improved VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio, i.e. an improved ripple factor or VSWR).
  • a multi-region antenna according to Figure 1 comprises a first antenna device A with two dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a, which in the embodiment shown are formed from an electrically conductive cylinder tube overhead dipole half 3'a is designed pot-shaped, ie cup-shaped closed at its to the second dipole half 3 "a adjacent dipole 7'a.
  • the length of these dipole halves 3'a and 3'a depends on the frequency range to be transmitted and, in the embodiment shown, is tuned to the transmission of the lower GSM band range, i.e. according to the GSM mobile standard for transmission of the 900 MHz band.
  • a second dipole antenna For transmission of a second frequency range, in the illustrated embodiment of 1800 MHz, a second dipole antenna is provided whose dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a correspondingly shorter in length according to the higher frequency range to be transmitted, in the illustrated embodiment due to the twice as high transmission frequency only about half as long as the dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a.
  • dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a are also tubular or cylindrical shaped in the embodiment shown, but with a larger diameter than the diameter of the dipole halves 3'a and 3" a, so that the dipole halves of the shorter length antenna 9a inside the dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a with greater longitudinal extent record and can overlap.
  • the respective nested dipole halves 3'a and 9'a or 3" a and 9 "a are cup-shaped together and thereby form a short-circuit 11 '. a and 11 "a electrically connected.
  • the lower dipole halves 3 "a and 9" a are fed via an outer conductor 15a of a coaxial feed line 17a, the inner conductor 19a reaching beyond the short circuit 11 "a at the end 7" a of the lower half of the dipole up to the cup-shaped short-circuit connections 11'a of the upper dipole halves 3'a and 9'a out and there is electrically and mechanically connected to the cup-shaped bottoms of these dipole halves 3'a and 9'a.
  • the mode of operation of the antenna is such that the dipole halves provided for the higher frequency range act as emitters to the outside in a shorter longitudinal extension, but the inside of these cup-shaped dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a act as blocking pots the longer half-length dipole halves of the second antenna can continue to run.
  • the higher frequency blocking pot of the outer tubular or cup-shaped dipole halves 9'a, 9'a is not "recognizable” or operative, so that These dipole halves act outward as well as single radiators.
  • the dipole halves need not necessarily be designed tubular or cup-shaped. Instead of a round cross-section for the dipole halves 3'a to 9 "a, it is also possible to use angular (n-polygonal-shaped) or other dipole halves deviating from the circular shape, for example oval-shaped halves, and such constructions for the dipole halves are also conceivable where the peripheral surface is not necessarily closed, but is divided into a plurality of individual spatially curved or even planar elements, provided that this at their adjacent 7'a or 7 "a dipole halves, where the above-mentioned cup-shaped short circuit 11'a and 11, respectively "a is formed, electrically connected to each other and are designed so that the aforementioned barrier effect of the respective outer pot is maintained relative to the inner pot to ensure that no sheath waves can propagate.
  • Dashed line is indicated in the embodiment shown in the attached Figure 1, that this design principle can be easily extended to other frequency ranges. Dashed line is indicated that, for example again another outer pot could be provided for dipole halves 25'a and 25 "a of a third antenna 25a, which is designed for an even higher frequency and therefore has an even shorter longitudinal extension .Also these dipole halves 25'a and 25'a are The outer sides of these dipole halves 25'a and 25 "a act as emitters for this frequency, with the inner side of the next inner half of the dipole being shorted to their respective inner ends 7'a and 7'a act as locking pots. But these pots are again not effective for the nested inside dipole halves.
  • the antenna device according to Figure 1 but also includes a second multi-range antenna device B, which is constructed in principle the same, for this second antenna device B at the reference characters for the coaxial feed line the letter extension "b" in deviation to "a" for the first multi-range antenna device A has been used.
  • the central coaxial conductor thus plays a dual function, since it is the outer conductor 15a for the upper antenna device A and at the same time the inner conductor 19b for the lower antenna device B the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line is grounded (for example, by the coaxial terminal connection 21a) and this outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial cable 17a simultaneously constitutes the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial cable 17b, this results in inner and outer conductors 19b, 15b of the outer coaxial cable 17b at the same potential, namely ground lie.
  • FIG. 2 shows a solution known from the prior art for a coaxial line 17 with an inner conductor 19 and an outer conductor 15, which has a coaxial stub line SL at a connection point 46, whose coaxial outer conductor AL is connected to the outer conductor 15 and its inner conductor.
  • IL is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19 of the coaxial line 17.
  • the outer conductor AL is short-circuited to the associated inner conductor IL via a cup-shaped short circuit KS, thus connecting the inner conductor 19 to the outer conductor 15 of the coaxial line 17.
  • antenna described in Figure 1 with an upper and a lower antenna device can only be operated in one frequency band, this can be realized via a common multiple coaxial line with a feeding or decoupling device according to the invention reproduced in FIG.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2, inter alia, in that at the connection point 46, the coaxial line 17 performs a right-angled bend, ie not coming down from above, as shown in FIG. 2, but is led away to the left at connection point 46 ,
  • the stub line SL shown in FIG. 2 is shown lying in the axial extension of the coaxial connecting line running vertically upward above the connection point 46.
  • the inner conductor 19 shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a coaxial line 17a in FIG.
  • an electrical connection to the inner conductor 19a or the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line 17a for feeding the upper antenna device A can now be established, with a second feed line 42 an inner conductor 43 and an outer conductor 41 via a coaxial terminal 21b and a coaxial intermediate line 62 with an inner conductor 63 and an outer conductor 61, the outer coaxial line 17b is fed accordingly, including at the connection point 46 ultimately the inner conductor 63 of the second connecting line 42 with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 41 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15b of the feed line 17b.
  • the intermediate line 62, the outer coaxial feed line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b is.
  • the corresponding antenna device for operation in a frequency band can be fed with the feed or decoupling device explained with reference to FIG.
  • a short-circuit KS1 or KS2 coaxial ⁇ / 4 lines are interleaved for reproduced in Figure 1 antenna device to operate, for example, two different frequency ranges, wherein the outer ⁇ 1/4 line SL1 (for adjustment with respect to the higher frequency for example, for the transmission of the 1800 MHz frequency range, for example, PCN) and the inner ⁇ 2/4 line SL2 for the adaptation to the lower frequency, for example, the 900 MHz range (eg GSM) is used.
  • the outer ⁇ 1/4 line SL1 for adjustment with respect to the higher frequency for example, for the transmission of the 1800 MHz frequency range, for example, PCN
  • the inner ⁇ 2/4 line SL2 for the adaptation to the lower frequency, for example, the 900 MHz range (eg GSM) is used.
  • the inner outer conductor AL2 terminates freely adjacent to the connection point 46.
  • the upper antenna device A is thus fed via a first coaxial cable connection 21a, wherein the inner conductor 53 merges into the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 51 of the connecting line 52 merges into the outer conductor 15a of the coaxial feed line 17a for the upper antenna device A.
  • the feed of the lower antenna device B is such that the inner conductor 43 with the inner conductor 19b of the coaxial feed line 17 and the outer conductor 41 of the second coaxial cable connection line the outer conductor 15b of the triax line are electrically connected.
  • the Einspeisund coupling-out device is through the koaxialförmig interleaved and each short-circuited at its end stub lines SL1, SL2 based function of the wavelength ⁇ 1/4 and ⁇ 2/4 performed on the two to be transmitted frequency ranges the desired adjustment, wherein the first cup-shaped short-circuit line KS1 approximately in the axial center based on the electrical length of the coaxial stub SL2 in adaptation to the frequency range of 900 MHz to be transmitted in this embodiment and 1800 MHz.
  • the design principle of the series connected short-circuit line KS1 and KS2 can also be realized in reverse order, namely, when the ⁇ 2/4 spur line SL2 outboard (to the outer conductor AL2) for the lower frequency and the ⁇ 1 / 4-stub cable SL1 (with outer conductor AL1) for the higher frequency (concentric) to the first stub line is arranged inside.
  • the design effort for this is slightly higher.
  • a plurality of, for example three short-circuited ⁇ / 4 lines (FL1, FL2, FL3) can be interleaved and thus several frequency ranges (for example three frequency bands) fed or coupled out.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment, modified with respect to FIG. 4, of a feeding or decoupling device, in which, for example, in addition to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, three superimposed antenna devices can be fed together via a multiple coaxial cable line 17, which is in two frequency ranges work.
  • a corresponding adaptation between an outer outer conductor and an associated inner conductor is shown in cascaded manner via two feed and coupling devices explained with reference to FIG. 4, which simultaneously represents the outer conductor for a next inner inner conductor.
  • an outer conductor with its associated inner conductor is set to a common potential via the feed or coupling device 101 or 103 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 8 shows how this method can also be expanded in several stages with further outer conductors AL3, AL4 and short-circuits KS3, KS4.
  • FIG. 9 also shows a feeding and decoupling device for a simple coaxial line 17, which is, however, provided with a broadband lightning protection, in the exemplary embodiment shown for two frequency ranges.
  • the function corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, except that instead of the inner coaxial conductor 17a shown in FIG. 4, only a simple inner conductor 15 is provided, so that this inner conductor runs without curvature in the axial direction and the two interleaved and again at the end Shorted stub line SL1 and SL2 branch off at right angles from this coaxial line 17.
  • a simple inner conductor 15 is provided, so that this inner conductor runs without curvature in the axial direction and the two interleaved and again at the end Shorted stub line SL1 and SL2 branch off at right angles from this coaxial line 17.

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Abstract

A feed or output-coupling apparatus for coaxial lines has a spur line which is short-circuited at the end. In order, at least in the case of a single coaxial line, to allow a broadband connection of the inner conductor to the outer conductor, or at least in the case of a multiple coaxial line, to allow a corresponding short-circuiting connection between the inner conductor and outer conductor at least in a narrowband form, at least two interleaved coaxial spur lines are provided. Each spur line is short-circuited at their respective ends via a short-circuit with their lengths being dimensioned such that the associated short-circuit at the feed and connecting point is transformed to an open circuit, depending on the respectively appropriate frequency band range.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Speise- oder Auskoppeleinrichtung für Koaxialleitung, insbesondere Mehrfach-Koaxialleitung.The invention relates to a feeding or decoupling device for coaxial line, in particular multiple coaxial line.

In vielen Anwendungsfällen stellt sich das Problem, den Innenleiter einer Koaxialleitung auf das Potential des Außenleiters zu legen, in der Regel auf Masse. Dies kann in der Praxis beispielsweise durch eine kurzgeschlossene λ/4-Stichleitung erfolgen, die parallel zu einer anderen Leitung geschaltet wird. Mit anderen Worten ist also am Ende der Stichleitung der Innen- mit dem Außenleiter kurzgeschlossen. Obgleich durch die Parallelschaltung der kurzgeschlossenen λ/4-Stichleitung der Innenleiter mit dem Außenleiter elektrisch verbunden ist, wird durch diese Parallelschaltung die Eingangsimpedanz der anderen Leitung nicht geändert, wenn nämlich die Länge der Koaxialleitung ein viertel der betreffenden Wellenlänge ist. Der Kurzschluss am Ende der Stichleitung wird nämlich in einen Leerlauf am Eingang der Leitung transformiert. Dieses Prinzip ist also abhängig von der Wellenlänge, insoweit also nur schmalbandig wirksam.In many applications, the problem is to place the inner conductor of a coaxial line to the potential of the outer conductor, usually to ground. This can be done in practice, for example, by a short-circuited λ / 4 stub that is connected in parallel to another line. In other words, the inner and outer conductors are short-circuited at the end of the stub line. Although the inner conductor is electrically connected to the outer conductor by the parallel connection of the shorted λ / 4 stub, this parallel connection does not change the input impedance of the other line, namely, when the length of the coaxial line is one fourth of the respective wavelength. The short circuit namely at the end of the stub line is transformed into an open circuit at the input of the line. This principle is therefore dependent on the wavelength, so far only effective narrowband.

Derartige Schaltungen können beispielsweise als Überspannungsableiter (Blitzschutzschaltungen) in Koaxialleitungen verwendet werden, um bei schmalbandigen Anwendungen einen Innenleiter auf das Potential des Außenleiters zu legen, d.h. in der Regel den Innenleiter wie den Außenleiter auf Masse zu legen und damit zu erden.Such circuits can be used, for example, as surge arresters (lightning arrestor circuits) in coaxial lines to place an inner conductor at the potential of the outer conductor in narrowband applications, i. usually to put the inner conductor as the outer conductor to ground and grounded with it.

Allerdings sind viele Einsatzfälle - auf die nachfolgend noch eingegangen wird - bekannt, bei denen die vorstehend genannte schmalbandige Lösung nicht ausreichend ist. Viele Einsatzfälle erfordern nämlich eine breitbandige Lösung. Dies erfordert in der Regel den Einsatz von gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern.However, many applications - will be discussed below - are known in which the aforementioned narrow-band solution is not sufficient. Many applications require a broadband solution. This usually requires the use of gas-filled surge arresters.

Ein anderer wichtiger Einsatzfall einer breitbandigen Anwendung betrifft den Mobilfunkbereich.Another important application of a broadband application relates to the mobile sector.

Der Mobilfunkbereich wird bekanntermaßen größtenteils über das GSM 900-Netz, also im 900 MHz-Bereich abgewickelt. Daneben hat sich v.a. in Europa auch der GSM 1800-Standard etabliert, bei welchem in einem 1800 MHz-Bereich Signale empfangen und gesendet werden können.The mobile radio area is known to be largely handled via the GSM 900 network, ie in the 900 MHz range. In addition, v.a. In Europe also established the GSM 1800 standard, in which signals can be received and transmitted in a 1800 MHz range.

Für eine derartige Kommunikation werden deshalb Mehr-Bereichs-Antenneneinrichtungen zum Senden und Empfangen verschiedener Frequenzbereiche benötigt, die üblicherweise Dipolstrukturen aufweisen, also eine Dipolantenneneinrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen des 900 MHz-Bandbereiches und eine weitere Dipolantenneneinrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen des 1800 MHz-Bandbereiches umfassen.For such a communication, multi-range antenna devices are therefore required for transmitting and receiving different frequency ranges, which usually have dipole structures, ie a dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 900 MHz band range and another dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 1800 MHz band range.

Insoweit besteht auch ein Bedarf an Rundstrahlantennen mit zwei getrennt gespeisten Antennensystemen, wobei jedes Antennensystem für zumindest zwei Frequenzbereiche geeignet sein soll. Je nach Bedarf können dann die einzelnen Antennensysteme für eine oder beide Frequenzbereiche geschaltet oder eingesetzt werden. Die Umsetzung dieses Konzeptes erfordert es, dass beispielsweise zwei derartiger MultiBand-Antennen nebeneinander installiert werden, was jedoch mit dem Nachteil verbunden ist, dass die Einzelantennen kein Rundstrahldiagramm mehr aufweisen, da sie sich gegenseitig im Strahlungsfeld abschatten.In that regard, there is also a need for omnidirectional antennas having two separately fed antenna systems, each antenna system being intended to be suitable for at least two frequency ranges. Depending on requirements, the individual antenna systems can then be switched or used for one or both frequency ranges. The implementation of this concept requires that, for example, two such multi-band antennas are installed side by side, but this is associated with the disadvantage that the individual antennas no longer have an omnidirectional diagram, as they shade each other in the radiation field.

Zudem erfordert ein solches Konzept einen vergleichsweise großen Platzbedarf vor allem dann, wenn zumindest annähernd Rundstrahleigenschaften realisiert werden sollen.In addition, such a concept requires a comparatively large amount of space, especially if at least approximately round beam properties are to be realized.

In Abweichung zu dem vorstehend genannten Konzept ist es grundsätzlich auch bekannt, zwei entsprechende Antenneneinrichtungen übereinander anzuordnen. Dieses Konzept lässt sich allerdings nur dann verwirklichen, wenn die Einzelantennensysteme nur für einen Frequenzbereich bestimmt sind. Die Speise- und Auskoppelvorrichtung besteht hierbei aus zwei aus dem Antennenmast jeweils in Höhe der betreffenden Antenneneinrichtung herausgeführten Koaxialkabeln.In deviation from the above-mentioned concept, it is basically also known to arrange two corresponding antenna devices one above the other. However, this concept can only be realized if the individual antenna systems are only intended for one frequency range. The feeding and decoupling device consists of two out of the antenna mast in each case at the level of the relevant antenna device led out coaxial cables.

Eine Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung für eine Koaxialleitung für eine Mehrbereichsantenne ist grundsätzlich aus der DE-A1-23 54 550 bekannt, wobei diese vorbekannte Anordnung einen Außenleiter und einen Innenleiter sowie eine Stichleitung umfasst, die jeweils mit dem Außen- und dem Innenleiter einer seitlichen Speiseleitung verbunden ist. Am Ende der Stichleitung ist der Außenleiter mit dem Innenleiter kurzgeschlossen. Die Länge der Stichleitung entspricht dabei einem Viertel der Wellenlänge der über die Speiseleitung laufenden Wellen.A feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial cable for a multigrade antenna is basically from DE-A1-23 54 550 known, this prior art arrangement comprises an outer conductor and an inner conductor and a stub, each with the outer and the inner conductor a lateral feed line is connected. At the end of the stub, the outer conductor is short-circuited to the inner conductor. The length of the stub line corresponds to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves running through the feed line.

Grundsätzlich wäre es wünschenswert eine Antenneneinrichtung zu schaffen, die mehrere übereinander angeordnete Antennensysteme umfasst, die allerdings dann ebenfalls für zumindest zwei Frequenzbereiche einsetzbar sein sollte. Eine mehr- oder breitbandige Einspeisung ist allerdings hier mit den bekannten Mitteln und Lösungen nicht möglich.In principle, it would be desirable to provide an antenna device which comprises a plurality of antenna systems arranged one above the other, which, however, should then likewise be usable for at least two frequency ranges. However, a multi-band or broadband feed is not possible here with the known means and solutions.

Es sind demgegenüber aber auch noch einfachere Anwendungsfälle denkbar, bei welchen beispielsweise ein Mehrfach-Antennensystem in nur einem Frequenzbereich betrieben wird, wofür allerdings keine günstige und einfach handhabbare Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung bekannt ist.On the other hand, even simpler applications are conceivable in which, for example, a multiple antenna system is operated in only one frequency range, for which, however, no cheap and easily manageable feed or decoupling device is known.

Aus der GB-A-1 532 010 ist eine Rundstrahlantennengruppe mit wenigstens zwei Rundstrahlantennenspeiseanordnungen für diese Antennen bekannt geworden. Diese Rundstrahlantennen sind längs einer gemeinsamen Symmetrieachse übereinander angeordnet. Die Speiseanordnung wird von konzentrischen Koaxialleitungen gebildet, die sich längs der Symmetrieachse in der Mitte der Antennengruppe erstrecken.From the GB-A-1 532 010 For example, an omni-directional antenna array having at least two omnidirectional antenna feed arrangements for these antennas has become known. These omnidirectional antennas are arranged one above the other along a common axis of symmetry. The feed arrangement is formed by concentric coaxial lines extending along the symmetry axis in the center of the antenna array.

Die Rundstrahlantennengruppe besteht aus einer Anordnung aus übereinander angebrachten Antennen, die die gleiche Symmetrieachse aufweisen, sowie aus einer von konzentrischen Koaxialleitungen gebildeten Speiseanordnung. Beschrieben ist beispielsweise eine dreifach-koaxiale Anordnung, die zwei unabhängige Antennen speisen kann. Die innere Koaxialleitung ist von einem ersten Innen- und einem Außenleiter gebildet, die eine obere Antenne speisen. Die äußere Koaxialleitung - über die die untere Antenne gespeist wird - weist ebenfalls einen Außen- und einen Innenleiter auf, wobei der Innenleiter dieser äußeren Koaxialleitung gleichzeitig den Außenleiter der inneren Koaxialleitung bildet.The omnidirectional antenna array consists of an array of superimposed antennas having the same axis of symmetry and a feed arrangement formed by concentric coaxial lines. For example, a triple-coaxial arrangement is described which can feed two independent antennas. The inner coaxial line is formed by a first inner and an outer conductor which feed an upper antenna. The outer coaxial line - via which the lower antenna is fed - also has an outer and an inner conductor, wherein the inner conductor of this outer coaxial line simultaneously forms the outer conductor of the inner coaxial line.

Mit einem derartigen Speise-Auskoppelsystem können beispielsweise zwei in Axialrichtung übereinander angeordnete Antennen gespeist werden, allerdings jeweils nur für ein Frequenzband.With such a feed-out coupling system, for example, two antennas arranged one above the other in the axial direction can be fed, but in each case only for one frequency band.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es von daher, eine verbesserte Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung zu schaffen, insbesondere für eine Einband- oder eine Multi-Frequenzband-Antenneneinrichtung.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved feed or decoupling device, in particular for a single-band or multi-frequency band antenna device.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved according to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung schafft mit einfachen Mitteln erstmals eine Lösung dafür, einen Innenleiter auf das Potential des Au-ßenleiters zu legen, und zwar für einen breitbandigen, d.h. zumindest zwei Frequenzen oder Frequenzbereiche umfassenden Anwendungsfall. Dabei kann der Innenleiter ebenso wie der Außenleiter auf Masse gelegt sein. Das erfindungsgemäße Konzept lässt sich problemlos auf Mehrfach-Koaxialleitungen ausdehnen, mittels denen es dann erfindungsgemäß möglich ist, übereinander angeordnete Mehrfach-Multiband-Antennensysteme problemlos zu speisen.With simple means, the invention provides for the first time a solution for laying an inner conductor at the potential of the outer conductor, namely for a broadband application, ie comprising at least two frequencies or frequency ranges. In this case, the inner conductor as well as the outer conductor can be grounded. The concept according to the invention can easily be extended to multiple coaxial lines, by means of which it is then possible according to the invention to easily feed superposed multi-band antenna systems.

Das erfindungsgemäße Konzept besteht darin, dass für beispielsweise zwei Frequenzbereiche zwei verschachtelte kurzgeschlossenen λ/4-Leitungen oder Stichleitungen eingesetzt werden, wobei die elektrische Länge der einen Leitung auf die eine Frequenz und die elektrische Länge der anderen kurzgeschlossenen Leitung auf die andere Frequenz abgestimmt ist. Da die beiden kurzgeschlossenen λ/4-Leitungen in Reihe geschaltet sind, wird bezüglich der beiden Frequenzbereiche durch die Kurzschlüsse am Speisepunkt jeweils ein Leerlauf transformiert, wodurch die äußere Koaxialleitung angepasst gespeist werden kann. Durch die Kurzschlussverbindung wird dabei der Innenleiter auf das Potential des Außenleiters gelegt, so dass der Innenleiter auf Masse liegt, wenn auch der Außenleiter auf Masse liegt.The inventive concept is that two interleaved short-circuited λ / 4 lines or stubs are used, for example, two frequency ranges, wherein the electrical length of a line is tuned to one frequency and the electrical length of the other short-circuited line to the other frequency. Since the two short-circuited λ / 4 lines are connected in series, with respect to the two frequency ranges by the short circuits at the feed point each one idle transformed, whereby the outer coaxial line can be fed adjusted. By the short-circuit connection of the inner conductor is placed on the potential of the outer conductor, so that the inner conductor is grounded, even if the outer conductor is grounded.

Für eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform entspricht die elektrische Länge der äußeren λ/4-Leitung der höheren Frequenz, wobei die elektrische Länge der inneren koaxialen Leitung auf die niedrigere Frequenz abgestimmt ist. Gleichwohl ist auch eine umgekehrte Anordnung möglich.For a preferred embodiment, the electrical length of the outer λ / 4 line corresponds to the higher frequency, wherein the electrical length of the inner coaxial line is tuned to the lower frequency. Nevertheless, a reverse arrangement is possible.

Das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip ist aber gleichermaßen noch breitbandiger umsetzbar, indem beispielsweise ferner eine entsprechende Anpassung bezüglich zumindest eines weiteren, d.h. beispielsweise eines dritten zu den ersten beiden Frequenzbereichen versetzten Frequenzbereiches vorgesehen ist. In diesem Falle wird der Innenleiter durch drei verschachtelt zueinanderliegende kurzgeschlossene λ/4-Leitungen (Stichleitungen) elektrisch mit dem Außenleiter verbunden, wobei die elektrische Länge der drei kurzgeschlossenen Stichleitungen auf die betreffenden Frequenzbereiche abgestimmt sind.However, the principle according to the invention can equally be implemented in a broadband manner by, for example, further providing a corresponding adaptation with regard to at least one further, ie, for example, a third frequency range offset to the first two frequency ranges. In this case, the inner conductor is electrically connected by three interleaved short-circuited λ / 4 lines (stubs) electrically connected to the outer conductor, the electrical length of the three short-circuited stub lines are tuned to the relevant frequency ranges.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Innenleiter der Koaxialleitung durch eine weitere Koaxialleitung gebildet wird, wodurch beispielsweise eine Triaxleitung vorliegt. Die innere Koaxialleitung kann beispielsweise zur Speisung eines oberen zumindest zwei Frequenzbereiche umfassenden Antennensystems verwendet werden, wobei die äußere Koaxialleitung zur entsprechenden Speisung eines tieferliegenden Antennensystems mit zumindest zwei Frequenzbereichen dienen kann. Der Außenleiter der inneren Koaxialleitung ist dabei gleichzeitig der Innenleiter der äußeren Koaxialleitung, die durch die erfindungsgemäße kurzgeschlossenen und verschachtelten λ/4-Leitungen auf das gleiche Potential gelegt sind.In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the inner conductor of the coaxial line is formed by a further coaxial line, whereby, for example, a Triaxleitung exists. The inner coaxial line can be used, for example, to feed an upper antenna system comprising at least two frequency ranges, wherein the outer coaxial line can serve for the corresponding feed of a lower-lying antenna system with at least two frequency ranges. The outer conductor of the inner coaxial line is at the same time the inner conductor of the outer coaxial line, which are set by the inventive shorted and interleaved λ / 4 lines to the same potential.

Soll allgemein eine Mehrfach-Koaxialleitung mit mehreren Innen- und Außenleitern gespeist werden, so wird das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip unter Verwendung von in Abhängigkeit der Anzahl der Frequenzen vorgesehenen verschachtelt zueinanderliegenden Kurzschlussleitungen kaskadiert angewendet, um dabei in jeder Stufe jeweils einen Außenleiter mit dem nächsten innenliegenden Innenleiter elektrisch zu verbinden.If a multi-coaxial cable with a plurality of inner and outer conductors is generally to be fed, then the principle according to the invention is applied cascaded using interleaved short-circuit lines provided as a function of the number of frequencies in order to electrically connect one outer conductor to the next inner inner conductor in each stage connect to.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip ist es beispielsweise auch für den Fall einer Mehr- oder zumindest Zwei-Bereichs-Antenne problemlos möglich, mehrere Einzelantennen über eine gemeinsame Leitung zu speisen bzw. auszukoppeln. Diese Leitung besteht aus einer Mehrfach-Koax-Leitung, beispielsweise bei zwei übereinander angeordneten Antenneneinrichtungen aus einer Triaxleitung. Sollen n übereinander angeordnete Antennen gespeist werden, so wird eine Koaxialleitung mit n + 1 Leitungen benötigt. Dabei kann jede der übereinander angeordneten Antenneneinrichtungen zum Senden oder Empfangen von mehreren Frequenzbereichen, beispielsweise zwei Frequenzbereichen, drei Frequenzbereichen etc. dienen.By virtue of the principle according to the invention, it is also easily possible, for example in the case of a multi-or at least two-range antenna, to feed or extract several individual antennas via a common line. This line consists of a multiple coax line, for example, when two antenna devices arranged one above the other from a triax line. If n superposed antennas are to be fed, a coaxial line with n + 1 lines is required. In this case, each of the superimposed antenna devices for transmitting or receiving multiple frequency ranges, for example, two frequency ranges, three frequency ranges, etc. serve.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Multiband-Auskoppelvorrichtung für derartige Mehrfach-Koax-Leitungen ermöglicht eine sehr gute Auskopplung für die unterschiedlichen zu übertragenden Frequenzbereiche, im Mobilfunkbereich beispielsweise für die beiden Bänder von 900 MHz bzw. 1800 MHz. Die dadurch bewirkte gute Anpassung führt zu einem deutlich verbesserten VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio, d.h. zu einem verbesserten Welligkeitsfaktor oder Stehwellenverhältnis).A multiband decoupling device according to the invention for such multiple coax lines allows a very good decoupling for the different frequency ranges to be transmitted, in the mobile radio range, for example, for the two bands of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The resulting good matching results in a significantly improved VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio, i.e. an improved ripple factor or VSWR).

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend vor allem unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zwei-Bandbereichs-Antenne mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Antenneneinrichtungen beschrieben. Dabei zeigen im einzelnen:

Figur 1 :
einen schematischen axialen Längsquerschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel zwei übereinander angeordneter Zwei-Band-Antennen;
Figur 2 :
eine nach dem Stand der Technik bekannte schmalbandige Blitzschutzeinrichtung für eine Koaxialleitung;
Figur 3 :
eine auszugsweise schematische Axialschnittdarstellung zur Erläuterung eines Prinzips einer erfindungsgemäßen Speise- und Auskoppelvorrichtung zur Speisung einer Triax-Leitung für ein Frequenzband;
Figur 4 :
eine erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung einer Multiband-Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung;
Figur 5 :
eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung gemäß Linie V-V in Figur 4;
Figur 6 :
ein zu Figur 4 abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 7 :
ein zur Figur 4 nochmals abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine MultibandAuskoppelvorrichtung zur Speisung von drei Frequenzen (drei Frequenzbänder), die über zwei Antenneneinrichtungen ausgestrahlt oder empfangen werden;
Figur 8 :
ein bezüglich Figur 4 weiter entwickeltes Ausführungsbeispiel zur Speisung dreier übereinander angeordneter zwei Frequenzbereiche umfassender Antenneneinrichtungen mittels einer vierfachen Koaxialleitung; und
Figur 9 :
eine zu Figur 4 vergleichbare Ausführung, jedoch nur mit einfachem Innenleiter (beispielsweise als Blitzschutz für eine Zwei-Frequenzband-Einrichtung).
The invention will be described below with particular reference to a two-band antenna with two superimposed antenna devices. Show in detail:
FIG. 1:
a schematic axial longitudinal cross-section through an embodiment of two superimposed two-band antennas;
FIG. 2:
a known narrowband lightning protection device for a coaxial line according to the prior art;
FIG. 3:
an excerptionally schematic Axialschnittdarstellung to explain a principle of a feed and decoupling device according to the invention for feeding a triax line for a frequency band;
FIG. 4:
an inventive development of a multiband feed or decoupling device;
FIG. 5:
a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VV in Figure 4;
FIG. 6:
a modified to Figure 4 embodiment;
FIG. 7:
an embodiment of a yet further modified for Figure 4 for a MultibandAuskoppelvorrichtung for feeding three frequencies (three frequency bands), which are broadcast or received via two antenna devices;
FIG. 8:
an embodiment further developed with respect to Figure 4 for feeding three superimposed two frequency ranges comprehensive antenna devices by means of a fourfold coaxial line; and
FIG. 9:
a comparable to Figure 4 embodiment, but only with a simple inner conductor (for example, as lightning protection for a two-frequency band device).

Eine Mehr-Bereichs-Antenne gemäß Figur 1 umfasst eine erste Antenneneinrichtung A mit zwei Dipolhälften 3'a und 3"a, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem elektrisch leitenden Zylinderrohr gebildet sind. Die in der Figur obenliegende Dipolhälfte 3'a ist dabei topfförmig gestaltet, d.h. an ihrem zur zweiten Dipolhälfte 3"a angrenzenden Dipolende 7'a topfförmig verschlossen.A multi-region antenna according to Figure 1 comprises a first antenna device A with two dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a, which in the embodiment shown are formed from an electrically conductive cylinder tube overhead dipole half 3'a is designed pot-shaped, ie cup-shaped closed at its to the second dipole half 3 "a adjacent dipole 7'a.

Die Länge dieser Dipolhälften 3'a und 3"a hängt von dem zu übertragenden Frequenzbereich ab und ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel auf die Übertragung des niedrigeren GSM-Bandbereichs, d.h. entsprechend dem GSM-Mobilfunkstandard zur Übertragung des 900 MHz-Bereiches abgestimmt.The length of these dipole halves 3'a and 3'a depends on the frequency range to be transmitted and, in the embodiment shown, is tuned to the transmission of the lower GSM band range, i.e. according to the GSM mobile standard for transmission of the 900 MHz band.

Zur Übertragung eines zweiten Frequenzbereiches, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel von 1800 MHz, ist eine zweite dipolförmige Antenne vorgesehen, deren Dipolhälften 9'a und 9"a entsprechend dem höheren zu übertragenden Frequenzbereiches in der Länge kürzer dimensioniert, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aufgrund der doppelt so hohen Übertragungsfrequenz nur ca. halb so lang wie die Dipolhälften 3'a und 3"a.For transmission of a second frequency range, in the illustrated embodiment of 1800 MHz, a second dipole antenna is provided whose dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a correspondingly shorter in length according to the higher frequency range to be transmitted, in the illustrated embodiment due to the twice as high transmission frequency only about half as long as the dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a.

Diese Dipolhälften 9'a und 9"a sind ebenfalls im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel rohr- oder zylinderförmig gestaltet, allerdings mit größerem Durchmesser als der Durchmesser der Dipolhälften 3'a und 3"a, so dass die Dipolhälften der Antenne 9a mit kürzerer Länge innenliegend die Dipolhälften 3'a und 3"a mit größerer Längserstreckung aufnehmen und übergreifen können.These dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a are also tubular or cylindrical shaped in the embodiment shown, but with a larger diameter than the diameter of the dipole halves 3'a and 3" a, so that the dipole halves of the shorter length antenna 9a inside the dipole halves 3'a and 3 "a with greater longitudinal extent record and can overlap.

Jeweils an den aneinander angrenzenden inneren Enden 7'a und 7"a der Dipolhälften sind die jeweils verschachtelt ineinander sitzenden Dipolhälften 3'a und 9'a bzw. 3"a und 9"a gemeinsam topfförmig gestaltet und dadurch unter Bildung eines Kurzschlusses 11'a bzw. 11"a elektrisch miteinander verbunden.Respectively at the adjoining inner ends 7'a and 7 "a of the dipole halves, the respective nested dipole halves 3'a and 9'a or 3" a and 9 "a are cup-shaped together and thereby form a short-circuit 11 '. a and 11 "a electrically connected.

In der Zeichnung ist auch dargestellt, dass die unteren Dipolhälften 3"a und 9"a über einen Außenleiter 15a einer koaxialen Speiseleitung 17a gespeist werden, wobei der Innenleiter 19a über den Kurzschluss 11"a am Ende 7"a der unteren Dipolhälfte hinaus bis zu den topfförmigen Kurzschlussverbindungen 11'a der oberen Dipolhälften 3'a und 9'a hinausgeführt und dort elektrisch und mechanisch mit den topfförmigen Böden dieser Dipolhälften 3'a und 9'a verbunden ist.It is also shown in the drawing that the lower dipole halves 3 "a and 9" a are fed via an outer conductor 15a of a coaxial feed line 17a, the inner conductor 19a reaching beyond the short circuit 11 "a at the end 7" a of the lower half of the dipole up to the cup-shaped short-circuit connections 11'a of the upper dipole halves 3'a and 9'a out and there is electrically and mechanically connected to the cup-shaped bottoms of these dipole halves 3'a and 9'a.

Bei diesem Aufbau ist es möglich, über einen einzigen koaxialen Anschluss 21a, an welchem eine koaxiale Anschlussleitung 52 mit einem Außenleiter 51 und einen Innenleiter 53 angesteckt ist, und die davon ausgehende Speiseleitung 17 mit dem Außenleiter 15a und dem Innenleiter 19a beide verschachtelt ineinander angeordnete Dipolantennen 3a und 9a zu speisen.With this structure, it is possible to connect both dipole antennas interleaved with each other via a single coaxial terminal 21a to which a coaxial terminal lead 52 having an outer conductor 51 and an inner conductor 53 is connected, and the feeder 17 extending therefrom with the outer conductor 15a and the inner conductor 19a 3a and 9a to feed.

Die Funktionsweise der Antenne ist derart, dass die für den höheren Frequenzbereich vorgesehenen Dipolhälften in kürzerer Längserstreckung nach außen hin als Strahler, die Innenseite dieser topfförmigen Dipolhälften 9'a bzw. 9"a jedoch als Sperrtopf wirken. Diese Sperrtopfwirkung gewährleistet, dass keine Mantelwellen auf die mit größerer Längserstreckung vorgesehenen Dipolhälften der zweiten Antenne fortlaufen können.The mode of operation of the antenna is such that the dipole halves provided for the higher frequency range act as emitters to the outside in a shorter longitudinal extension, but the inside of these cup-shaped dipole halves 9'a and 9 "a act as blocking pots the longer half-length dipole halves of the second antenna can continue to run.

Für die Antenne 3a mit den sich in größerer Länge erstreckenden Dipolhälften 3'a, 3"a ist jedoch der Sperrtopf für die höhere Frequenz der äußeren rohr- oder topfförmigen Dipolhälften 9'a, 9"a nicht "erkennbar" oder wirksam, so dass auch diese Dipolhälften nach außen hin wie Einzelstrahler wirken. Die Innenseite der unteren topfförmigen Dipolhälfte 3"a wirkt jedoch als Sperrtopf. Diese Sperrtopfwirkung gewährleistet, dass keine Mantelwellen auf dem Außenleiter 15a der koaxialen Speiseleitung 17a fortlaufen können.However, for the antenna 3a having the longer-extending dipole halves 3'a, 3'a, the higher frequency blocking pot of the outer tubular or cup-shaped dipole halves 9'a, 9'a is not "recognizable" or operative, so that These dipole halves act outward as well as single radiators. The inside of the lower pot-shaped However, dipole half 3 "a acts as a blocking pot 12. This blocking pot effect ensures that no sheath waves on the outer conductor 15a of the coaxial feed line 17a can continue to run.

Durch diesen Aufbau wird eine höchst kompakte Antennenanordnung geschaffen, die zudem eine bisher nicht gekannte optimale Rundstrahlcharakteristik und -eigenschaft aufweist; und dies bei vereinfachter Einspeisung über nur einen einzigen gemeinsamen Anschluss.By this construction, a highly compact antenna arrangement is created, which also has an unprecedented optimal omnidirectional characteristic and property; and this with simplified feed via a single common connection.

Abweichend vom gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel müssen aber die Dipolhälften nicht zwangsweise rohr- oder topfförmig gestaltet sein. Anstelle eines runden Querschnitts für die Dipolhälften 3'a bis 9"a können auch eckige (n-polygonalförmige) oder auch sonstige von der Kreisform abweichende, beispielsweise oval gestaltete Dipolhälften in Betracht kommen. Es sind ferner auch solche Konstruktionen für die Dipolhälften denkbar, in denen die umlaufende Mantelfläche nicht zwangsweise geschlossen, sondern in mehrere einzelne räumlich gekrümmte oder sogar planare Elemente gegliedert ist, sofern diese an ihren aneinander angrenzenden 7'a bzw. 7"a Dipolhälften, an denen der oben erwähnte topfförmige Kurzschluss 11'a bzw. 11"a gebildet ist, elektrisch miteinander verbunden und dabei so ausgeführt sind, dass die erwähnte Sperrwirkung des jeweils äußeren Topfes gegenüber dem inneren Topf aufrecht erhalten wird, um sicherzustellen, dass sich keine Mantelwellen ausbreiten können.Notwithstanding the embodiment shown but the dipole halves need not necessarily be designed tubular or cup-shaped. Instead of a round cross-section for the dipole halves 3'a to 9 "a, it is also possible to use angular (n-polygonal-shaped) or other dipole halves deviating from the circular shape, for example oval-shaped halves, and such constructions for the dipole halves are also conceivable where the peripheral surface is not necessarily closed, but is divided into a plurality of individual spatially curved or even planar elements, provided that this at their adjacent 7'a or 7 "a dipole halves, where the above-mentioned cup-shaped short circuit 11'a and 11, respectively "a is formed, electrically connected to each other and are designed so that the aforementioned barrier effect of the respective outer pot is maintained relative to the inner pot to ensure that no sheath waves can propagate.

Strichliert ist in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel in der beigefügten Figur 1 angedeutet, dass dieses Konstruktionsprinzip problemlos auf weitere Frequenzbereiche ausgedehnt werden kann. Strichliert ist dabei angedeutet, dass beispielsweise nochmals ein weiterer äußerer Topf für Dipolhälften 25'a bzw. 25"a einer dritten Antenne 25a vorgesehen sein könnte, die für eine nochmals höhere Frequenz ausgelegt ist und deshalb eine nochmals kürzere Längserstreckung aufweist. Auch diese Dipolhälften 25'a und 25"a sind jeweils an ihrem aufeinander zuweisenden inneren Ende 7'a und 7"a mit dem entsprechenden Ende der anderen Dipolhälften kurzgeschlossen. Die Außenseite dieser Dipolhälften 25'a und 25"a wirken für diese Frequenz als Strahler, wobei die Innenseite bzgl. der nächsten inneren Dipolhälften als Sperrtöpfe wirken. Diese Sperrtöpfe sind aber für die verschachtelt innenliegenden Dipolhälften wiederum nicht wirksam.Dashed line is indicated in the embodiment shown in the attached Figure 1, that this design principle can be easily extended to other frequency ranges. Dashed line is indicated that, for example again another outer pot could be provided for dipole halves 25'a and 25 "a of a third antenna 25a, which is designed for an even higher frequency and therefore has an even shorter longitudinal extension .Also these dipole halves 25'a and 25'a are The outer sides of these dipole halves 25'a and 25 "a act as emitters for this frequency, with the inner side of the next inner half of the dipole being shorted to their respective inner ends 7'a and 7'a act as locking pots. But these pots are again not effective for the nested inside dipole halves.

Die Antenneneinrichtung gemäß Figur 1 umfasst aber auch eine zweite Mehr-Bereichs-Antenneneinrichtung B, die vom Prinzip her gleich aufgebaut ist, wobei für diese zweite Antenneneinrichtung B bei den Bezugszeichen für die koaxiale Speiseleitung die Buchstabenerweiterung "b" in Abweichung zu "a" für die erste Mehr-Bereichs-Antenneneinrichtung A verwendet worden ist.The antenna device according to Figure 1 but also includes a second multi-range antenna device B, which is constructed in principle the same, for this second antenna device B at the reference characters for the coaxial feed line the letter extension "b" in deviation to "a" for the first multi-range antenna device A has been used.

Bei einer derartigen Antenne ist es gemäß Figur 1 wünschenswert, wenn beispielsweise über eine dreifache Koaxialleitung 17, d.h. über die innere Koaxialleitung 17a mit dem Innenleiter 19a und dem Außenleiter 15a die obere Mehr-Bereichs-Antenneneinrichtung A und über die äußere Koaxialleitung 17b mit dem Innenleiter 19b und dem Außenleiter 15b die untere Antenneneinrichtung B gespeist werden könnte. Dabei spielt der mittlere Koaxialleiter also eine Doppelfunktion, denn er ist zum einen der Außenleiter 15a für die obere Antenneneinrichtung A und gleichzeitig der Innenleiter 19b für die untere Antenneneinrichtung B. Da allerdings der Außenleiter 15a der inneren Koaxialleitung auf Masse liegt (z.B. durch die koaxiale Anschlussverbindung 21a) und dieser äußere Leiter 15a des inneren Koaxialkabels 17a gleichzeitig den Innenleiter 19b des äußeren Koaxialkabels 17b darstellt, hat dies zur Folge, dass Innen- und Außenleiter 19b, 15b des äußeren Koaxialkabels 17b auf gleichem Potential, nämlich Masse, liegen.In such an antenna, it is desirable according to Figure 1, for example, via a coaxial triple line 17, ie via the inner coaxial line 17a with the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 15a, the upper multi-area antenna device A and the outer coaxial line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b, the lower antenna device B could be fed. In this case, the central coaxial conductor thus plays a dual function, since it is the outer conductor 15a for the upper antenna device A and at the same time the inner conductor 19b for the lower antenna device B the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line is grounded (for example, by the coaxial terminal connection 21a) and this outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial cable 17a simultaneously constitutes the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial cable 17b, this results in inner and outer conductors 19b, 15b of the outer coaxial cable 17b at the same potential, namely ground lie.

Von daher werden zusätzliche technische Maßnahmen notwendig, die eine entsprechende Einspeisung zum Betrieb der oberen und unteren Antenneneinrichtung A bzw. B ermöglichen und die es zudem erlauben, einen Innenleiter auf das Potential des Außenleiters zu legen.Therefore, additional technical measures are necessary that allow a corresponding feed to operate the upper and lower antenna device A and B and also allow it to place an inner conductor to the potential of the outer conductor.

Anhand von Figur 2 ist eine nach dem Stand der Technik bekannte Lösung für eine Koaxialleitung 17 mit einem Innenleiter 19 und einem Außenleiter 15 gezeigt, der an einer Anschlussstelle 46 eine koaxiale Stichleitung SL aufweist, deren koaxialer Außenleiter AL mit dem Außenleiter 15 und deren Innenleiter"IL mit dem Innenleiter 19 der Koaxialleitung 17 elektrisch verbunden ist. Am Ende der Stichleitung ist der Außenleiter AL mit dem zugehörigen Innenleiter IL über einen topfförmigen Kurzschluss KS kurzgeschlossen, worüber also der Innenleiter 19 mit dem Außenleiter 15 der Koaxialleitung 17 verbunden ist. Dies erfolgt für eine bestimmte Frequenz bzw. ein bestimmtes Frequenzband derart, dass die elektrische Länge der koaxialen Stichleitung LS 1 = λ/4 entspricht, wobei λ die Wellenlänge der betreffenden Frequenz bzw. des betreffenden Frequenzbandes ist. Dies ist aber immer nur schmalbandig für eine bestimmte Frequenz und damit für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge möglich.FIG. 2 shows a solution known from the prior art for a coaxial line 17 with an inner conductor 19 and an outer conductor 15, which has a coaxial stub line SL at a connection point 46, whose coaxial outer conductor AL is connected to the outer conductor 15 and its inner conductor. IL is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19 of the coaxial line 17. At the end of the stub line, the outer conductor AL is short-circuited to the associated inner conductor IL via a cup-shaped short circuit KS, thus connecting the inner conductor 19 to the outer conductor 15 of the coaxial line 17. This is done for a specific frequency or a specific frequency band such that the electrical length of the coaxial stub LS 1 = λ / 4, where λ is the wavelength of the respective frequency or of the relevant frequency band, but this is always only narrowband for a specific frequency and thus possible for a certain wavelength.

Sollte die in Figur 1 beschriebene Antenne mit einer oberen und einer unteren Antenneneinrichtung nur in einem Frequenzband betrieben werden, so lässt sich dies über eine gemeinsame Mehrfach-Koaxialleitung mit einer in Figur 3 wiedergegebenen erfindungsgemäßen Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung realisieren.If the antenna described in Figure 1 with an upper and a lower antenna device can only be operated in one frequency band, this can be realized via a common multiple coaxial line with a feeding or decoupling device according to the invention reproduced in FIG.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 3 unterscheidet sich von Figur 2 unter anderem dadurch, dass am Anschlusspunkt 46 die Koaxialleitung 17 einen rechtwinkeligen Knick vollführt, also von oben kommend nicht nach unten, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, weitergeführt, sondern am Anschlusspunkt 46 nach links weggeführt ist. Die in Figur 2 gezeigte Stichleitung SL ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 in axialer Verlängerung des oberhalb des Anschlusspunktes 46 vertikal nach oben verlaufenden koaxialen Anschlussleitung liegend gezeichnet. Ein weiterer Unterschied liegt darin, dass der in Figur 2 gezeigte Innenleiter 19 in Figur 3 durch eine Koaxialleitung 17a ersetzt ist.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2, inter alia, in that at the connection point 46, the coaxial line 17 performs a right-angled bend, ie not coming down from above, as shown in FIG. 2, but is led away to the left at connection point 46 , In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the stub line SL shown in FIG. 2 is shown lying in the axial extension of the coaxial connecting line running vertically upward above the connection point 46. Another difference is that the inner conductor 19 shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a coaxial line 17a in FIG.

Über ein zu einem Koaxialanschluss 21a führendes Koaxialkabel 52 mit einem Innenleiter 53 und einem Außenleiter 51 kann nunmehr eine elektrische Verbindung zum Innenleiter 19a bzw. dem Außenleiter 15a der inneren Koaxialleitung 17a zur Speisung der oberen Antenneneinrichtung A hergestellt werden, wobei über eine zweite Speiseleitung 42 mit einem Innenleiter 43 und einem Außenleiter 41 über einen koaxialen Anschluss 21b und eine koaxiale Zwischenleitung 62 mit einem Innenleiter 63 und einem Außenleiter 61 die äußere Koaxialleitung 17b entsprechend gespeist wird, wozu am Anschlusspunkt 46 letztlich der Innenleiter 63 der zweiten Anschlussleitung 42 mit dem Innenleiter 19b und der Außenleiter 41 mit dem Außenleiter 15b der Speiseleitung 17b elektrisch verbunden ist. Im elektrischen Sinne stellt somit die Zwischenleitung 62 die äußere koaxiale Speiseleitung 17b mit dem Innenleiter 19b und dem Außenleiter 15b dar. Wird, wie in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel, die in Figur 1 gezeigte obere und untere Antenneneinrichtung A bzw. B nur in einem Frequenzbereich betrieben, so erfolgt die Einspeisung am Anschlusspunkt 46 derart, dass die Länge 1 der koaxialen Stichleitung SL bzw. des zugehörigen Außenleiters AL, 1 = λ/4 bezüglich der in Rede stehenden Frequenz entspricht. Durch den topfförmigen Kurzschluss KS, wodurch der äußere Außenleiter 15b mit dem inneren Außenleiter 15a elektrisch kurzgeschlossen ist, wird an den Anschlusspunkt 46 ein Leerlauf transformiert. Von daher kann die entsprechende Antenneneinrichtung zum Betrieb in einem Frequenzband mit der anhand von Figur 3 erläuterten Speise- bzw. Auskoppelvorrichtung gespeist werden.Via a coaxial cable 52 leading to a coaxial connection 21a with an inner conductor 53 and an outer conductor 51, an electrical connection to the inner conductor 19a or the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line 17a for feeding the upper antenna device A can now be established, with a second feed line 42 an inner conductor 43 and an outer conductor 41 via a coaxial terminal 21b and a coaxial intermediate line 62 with an inner conductor 63 and an outer conductor 61, the outer coaxial line 17b is fed accordingly, including at the connection point 46 ultimately the inner conductor 63 of the second connecting line 42 with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 41 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15b of the feed line 17b. In the electrical sense Thus, the intermediate line 62, the outer coaxial feed line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b is. If, as in this embodiment, the upper and lower antenna device A and B shown in Figure 1 operated only in a frequency range, the feed takes place on Connection point 46 such that the length 1 of the coaxial stub line SL and the associated outer conductor AL, 1 = λ / 4 corresponds to the frequency in question. Due to the cup-shaped short circuit KS, whereby the outer outer conductor 15b is electrically short-circuited with the inner outer conductor 15a, an idle is transformed to the connection point 46. For this reason, the corresponding antenna device for operation in a frequency band can be fed with the feed or decoupling device explained with reference to FIG.

Soll demgegenüber aber die in Figur 1 beschriebene Antenne mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Antenneneinrichtungen A und B in zwei Frequenzbereichen betrieben werden, so ist eine in Figur 4 erläuterte Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung notwendig, die nachfolgend erörtert wird.If, in contrast, the antenna described in FIG. 1 is operated with two superimposed antenna devices A and B in two frequency ranges, then a feed or decoupling device explained in FIG. 4 is necessary, which will be discussed below.

Für die in Figur 1 wiedergegebene Antenneneinrichtung zum Betrieb beispielsweise zweier unterschiedlicher Frequenzbereiche werden zwei jeweils über einen Kurzschluss KS1 bzw. KS2 kurzgeschlossene koaxiale λ/4-Leitungen verschachtelt, wobei die äußere λ1/4-Leitung SL1 für die Anpassung bezüglich der höheren Frequenz (beispielsweise für die Übertragung des 1800 Mhz-Frequenzbereiches z.B. PCN) und die innere λ2/4-Leitung SL2 für die Anpassung bezüglich der niedrigeren Frequenz, beispielsweise des 900 MHz-Bereiches (z.B. GSM) dient. Dadurch ist der Außenleiter AL1 der ersten Stichleitung SL1 am Ende der Stichleitung (bezogen auf die Einspeisestelle 46) mit einem radialen, d.h. ring- oder topfförmigen Kurzschluss KS1 mit dem Außenleiter AL2 der koaxialen Stichleitung SL2 und der Außenleiter AL2 der Stichleitung SL2 wiederum über einen weiteren radialen, d.h. ring- oder topfförmigen Kurzschluss KS2 mit dem Innenleiter 19b (IL) der äußeren Koaxialleitung kurzgeschlossen. Der innere Außenleiter AL2 endet frei benachbart des Anschlusspunktes 46.Two short-circuited in each case a short-circuit KS1 or KS2 coaxial λ / 4 lines are interleaved for reproduced in Figure 1 antenna device to operate, for example, two different frequency ranges, wherein the outer λ 1/4 line SL1 (for adjustment with respect to the higher frequency for example, for the transmission of the 1800 MHz frequency range, for example, PCN) and the inner λ 2/4 line SL2 for the adaptation to the lower frequency, for example, the 900 MHz range (eg GSM) is used. As a result, the outer conductor AL1 of the first stub SL1 at the end of the stub (based on the feed point 46) with a radial, ie annular or pot-shaped short KS1 with the outer conductor AL2 of the coaxial stub SL2 and the outer conductor AL2 of the stub SL2 turn via another radial, ie ring or cup-shaped short KS2 with the inner conductor 19b (IL) shorted the outer coaxial line. The inner outer conductor AL2 terminates freely adjacent to the connection point 46.

Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel wird also über einen ersten KoaxialkabelAnschluss 21a die obere Antenneneinrichtung A gespeist, wobei der Innenleiter 53 in den Innenleiter 19a und der Außenleiter 51 der Anschlussleitung 52 in den Au-ßenleiter 15a der koaxialen Speiseleitung 17a für die obere Antenneneinrichtung A übergeht.According to the exemplary embodiment, the upper antenna device A is thus fed via a first coaxial cable connection 21a, wherein the inner conductor 53 merges into the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 51 of the connecting line 52 merges into the outer conductor 15a of the coaxial feed line 17a for the upper antenna device A.

Über einen zweiten KoaxialkabelAnschluss 21b und eine nachfolgende Zwischenleitung 42 mit einem zugehörigen Außenleiter 41 und einem Innenleiter 43 erfolgt die Speisung der unteren Antenneneinrichtung B derart, dass der Innenleiter 43 mit dem Innenleiter 19b der koaxialen Speiseleitung 17 und der Außenleiter 41 der zweiten Koaxialkabel-Anschlussleitung mit dem Außenleiter 15b der Triax-Leitung elektrisch verbunden sind. Am unteren Ende der Einspeisund Auskoppel-Vorrichtung ist dabei durch die koaxialförmig verschachtelten und an ihrem Ende jeweils kurzgeschlossenen Stichleitungen SL1, SL2 in Abhängigkeit der Wellenlänge λ1/4 und λ2/4 bezogen auf die beiden zu übertragenden Frequenzbereiche die gewünschten Anpassung durchgeführt, wobei die erste topfförmige Kurzschlussleitung KS1 etwa in der axialen Mitte bezogen auf die elektrische Länge der koaxialen Stichleitung SL2 in Anpassung an die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zu übertragen Frequenzbereich von 900 MHz und 1800 MHz liegt.Via a second coaxial cable connection 21b and a subsequent intermediate line 42 with an associated outer conductor 41 and an inner conductor 43, the feed of the lower antenna device B is such that the inner conductor 43 with the inner conductor 19b of the coaxial feed line 17 and the outer conductor 41 of the second coaxial cable connection line the outer conductor 15b of the triax line are electrically connected. At the lower end of the Einspeisund coupling-out device is through the koaxialförmig interleaved and each short-circuited at its end stub lines SL1, SL2 based function of the wavelength λ 1/4 and λ 2/4 performed on the two to be transmitted frequency ranges the desired adjustment, wherein the first cup-shaped short-circuit line KS1 approximately in the axial center based on the electrical length of the coaxial stub SL2 in adaptation to the frequency range of 900 MHz to be transmitted in this embodiment and 1800 MHz.

Die erläuterten beiden kurzgeschlossenen λ/4-Stichleitungen SL1 und SL2 sind also so in Reihe geschaltet, dass die zugehörigen Kurzschlüsse KS1 und KS2 bezüglich des jeweiligen Frequenzbereiches am Anschlusspunkt 46 jeweils in einen Leerlauf transformiert werden.The explained two short-circuited λ / 4 stub lines SL1 and SL2 are thus connected in series such that the associated short circuits KS1 and KS2 are each transformed into an open circuit with respect to the respective frequency range at the connection point 46.

Anhand von Figur 6 ist gezeigt, dass das Konstruktionsprinzip der in Reihe geschalteten Kurzschlussleitung KS1 und KS2 auch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge verwirklichbar ist, wenn nämlich die λ2/4-Stichleitung SL2 (mit dem Außenleiter AL2) für die niedrigere Frequenz außenliegend und die λ1/4-Stichleitung SL1 (mit dem Außenleiter AL1) für die höhere Frequenz (konzentrisch) zur ersten Stichleitung innenliegend angeordnet ist. Allerdings ist der Konstruktionsaufwand hierfür etwas höher.Referring to Figure 6 is shown that the design principle of the series connected short-circuit line KS1 and KS2 can also be realized in reverse order, namely, when the λ 2/4 spur line SL2 outboard (to the outer conductor AL2) for the lower frequency and the λ 1 / 4-stub cable SL1 (with outer conductor AL1) for the higher frequency (concentric) to the first stub line is arranged inside. However, the design effort for this is slightly higher.

In Ergänzung zu den vorstehend erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen können auch mehrere, beispielsweise drei kurzgeschlossene λ/4-Leitungen (FL1, FL2, FL3) ineinander verschachtelt und somit mehrere Frequenzbereich (z.B. drei Frequenzbänder) gespeist bzw. ausgekoppelt werden.In addition to the exemplary embodiments explained above, a plurality of, for example three short-circuited λ / 4 lines (FL1, FL2, FL3) can be interleaved and thus several frequency ranges (for example three frequency bands) fed or coupled out.

Anhand von Figur 7 ist nur das Konstruktionsprinzip für den Fall erläutert, dass in eine entsprechende Mehrfach-Koaxial-Speiseleitung 17 drei versetzt zueinander liegende Frequenzbänder eingespeist werden sollen, wozu eine dritte Kurzschlussverbindung KS3 zur Anpassung vorgesehen ist, wobei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel davon ausgegangen wird, dass der dritte Kurzschluss KS3 eine Länge λ3/4 für die Übertragung eines noch höheren Frequenzbereiches aufweist.With reference to FIG. 7, only the design principle is explained for the case in which three frequency bands offset from each other are to be fed into a corresponding multiple coaxial feed line 17, for which purpose a third short-circuit connection KS3 is provided for adaptation, it being assumed in this exemplary embodiment that the third short circuit KS3 has a length λ 3/4 for the transmission of an even higher frequency range.

Anhand von Figur 8 ist ein bezüglich Figur 4 nochmals abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung gezeigt, bei welcher beispielsweise in Ergänzung zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 drei übereinander angeordnete Antenneneinrichtungen gemeinsam über eine Mehrfach-Koaxialkabelleitung 17 gespeist werden können, die in zwei Frequenzbereichen arbeiten. Dort wird kaskadiert über zwei anhand von Figur 4 erläuterten Speise- und Auskoppelvorrichtungen jeweils eine entsprechende Anpassung zwischen einem äußeren Außenleiter und einem zugehörigen Innenleiter gezeigt, der gleichzeitig der Außenleiter für einen nächsten inneren Innenleiter darstellt. Bei jeder der vorgesehenen Stufen wird jeweils über die beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Speise- oder Auskoppelvorrichtung 101 bzw. 103 ein Außenleiter mit seinem zugehörigen Innenleiter auf ein gemeinsames Potential gelegt. Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 8 zeigt, wie auch dieses Verfahren mehrstufig mit weiteren Außenleitern AL3, AL4 und Kurzschlüssen KS3, KS4 ausgebaut werden kann.FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment, modified with respect to FIG. 4, of a feeding or decoupling device, in which, for example, in addition to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, three superimposed antenna devices can be fed together via a multiple coaxial cable line 17, which is in two frequency ranges work. There, a corresponding adaptation between an outer outer conductor and an associated inner conductor is shown in cascaded manner via two feed and coupling devices explained with reference to FIG. 4, which simultaneously represents the outer conductor for a next inner inner conductor. In each of the stages provided, an outer conductor with its associated inner conductor is set to a common potential via the feed or coupling device 101 or 103 according to the invention. The embodiment according to FIG. 8 shows how this method can also be expanded in several stages with further outer conductors AL3, AL4 and short-circuits KS3, KS4.

Anhand von Figur 9 ist noch eine Speise- und Auskoppelvorrichtung für eine einfache Koaxialleitung 17 gezeigt, die jedoch mit einem breitbandigen Blitzschutz versehen ist, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel für zwei Frequenzbereiche.FIG. 9 also shows a feeding and decoupling device for a simple coaxial line 17, which is, however, provided with a broadband lightning protection, in the exemplary embodiment shown for two frequency ranges.

Die Funktion entspricht dabei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4, wobei in Abweichung dazu anstelle des in Figur 4 gezeigten inneren Koaxialleiters 17a nur ein einfacher Innenleiter 15 vorgesehen ist, so dass dieser Innenleiter ohne Krümmung in Axialrichtung verlaufend durchgeführt und die beiden verschachtelten und an dem Ende wiederum kurzgeschlossenen Stichleitung SL1 und SL2 rechtwinklig von dieser Koaxialleitung 17 abzweigen. Bezüglich Aufbau und Funktionsweise wird ansonsten auf das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 verwiesen, das bezüglich des in Figur 4 dargestellten äußeren Koaxialleiters 17b und dem Außenleiter 15b und dem Innenleiter 19b analog auf das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9 übertragbar ist.In this case, the function corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, except that instead of the inner coaxial conductor 17a shown in FIG. 4, only a simple inner conductor 15 is provided, so that this inner conductor runs without curvature in the axial direction and the two interleaved and again at the end Shorted stub line SL1 and SL2 branch off at right angles from this coaxial line 17. Regarding construction and Operation is otherwise referred to the embodiment of Figure 4, which is analogous to the embodiment shown in Figure 9 with respect to the illustrated in Figure 4 outer coaxial 17b and the outer conductor 15b and the inner conductor 19b transferable.

Claims (13)

  1. Feed or output apparatus for coaxial lines, in particular multiple coaxial lines for multiband antennas (A, B) having the following features:
    - having at least one coaxial feed line (17b) having an inner conductor (19b) and an outer conductor (15b),
    - having a spur line (SL) which branches off from the coaxial feed line (17b; 62),
    - the electrical length of the coaxial spur line (SL) corresponds to λ/4, where λ corresponds to the wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted, or is tuned to it,
    - the spur line (SL) has an inner conductor (IL), one of whose ends is connected via a short (KS) to the outer conductor (AL) of the spur line (SL), and whose end opposite the short (KS) is connected at a connecting point (46) to the inner conductor (19b) of the coaxial feed line (17b; 62),
    characterized by the following further features:
    - the spur line (SL; SL1, SL2) has at least two coaxial interleaved spur lines (SL1, SL2),
    - the electrical length of the outer coaxial spur line (SL1 or SL2) corresponds to λ1/4, where λ1 corresponds to the wavelength of a first frequency range or is tuned to it,
    - the electrical length of the inner coaxial spur line (SL2 or SL1) corresponds to λ2/4, where λ2 corresponds to the wavelength of the second frequency range or is tuned to it,
    - the outer conductor (AL1 or AL2) of the outer coaxial spur line (SL1 or SL2) is electrically connected at one of its ends via a short (KS1 or KS2) to the outer conductor (AL2 or AL1) of the inner coaxial spur line (SL2 or SL1),
    - the outer conductor (AL2 or AL1) of the inner coaxial spur line (SL2 or SL1) is electrically connected at one of its ends via a short (KS2 or KS1) to the inner conductor (IL, 19b) of this coaxial spur line (SL2 or SL1),
    - the outer conductor (AL1 or AL2) of the outermost coaxial spur line (SL1 or SL2) is electrically connected at its end opposite the short (KS1 or KS2) to the outer conductor (15b) of the coaxial feed line (17, 17b),
    - the inner conductor (IL, 19b) of the innermost spur line (SL2 or SL1) is electrically connected at its end opposite the short (KS1; KS2) at the connecting point (46) to the inner conductor (19b) of the coaxial feed line (17, 17b),
    - the coaxial feed line (17) forms a multiple coaxial line with an outer coaxial feed line (17b), which comprises the outer conductor (15b) and the inner conductor (19b), and with an inner coaxial feed line (17a), which comprises an associated outer conductor (15a) and an inner conductor (19a), with the inner conductor (19b) of the outer coaxial feed line (17b) corresponding to the outer conductor (15a) of the inner coaxial feed line (17a), and
    - the feed or output apparatus being matched for at least two frequencies or frequency ranges.
  2. Feed or output apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coaxial feed line (17b) preferably has an axial extension which is routed beyond the connecting point (46), and in that the at least two interleaved spur lines (SL1, SL2) run transversely away from this coaxial feed line (17b).
  3. Feed or output apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coaxial feed line (17b), together with its outer conductor (15b) and its inner conductor (19b) form a triax line (17a, 17b) with the further coaxial feed line (17a) together with the associated outer conductor (15a) and the associated inner conductor (19a) in which the inner conductor (19b) of the outer coaxial feed line (17b) forms the outer conductor (15a) of the inner coaxial feed line (17a), and in that the further coaxial feed line (17a) passes through the shorting loop connection (KS2 or KS1) between the outer conductor (AL2 or AL1) and the associated inner conductor (IL, 19b) of the inner spur line (SL2 or SL1).
  4. Feed or output apparatus according to Claim 3, characterized in that the inner conductor (19a) of the further coaxial feed line (17a) is aligned such that it runs in a straight-line direction beyond the connecting point (46) to which an inner conductor (63) of a coaxial connecting line (62) is connected.
  5. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shorts (KS1, KS2) of the spur lines (SL1, SL2) are in the form of pots or rings.
  6. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer conductor (AL1) for the higher frequency range is located on the outside, and the outer conductor (AL2) for the lower frequency range to be transmitted surrounds this coaxially, with the outer conductor (AL2) for the lower frequency range to be transmitted having a greater axial length than the outer conductor (AL2) for the higher frequency range.
  7. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer conductor (AL1) for the higher frequency range is located on the inside, and the outer conductor (AL2) for the lower frequency range to be transmitted coaxially surrounds it, with the outer conductor (AL2) for the lower frequency range to be transmitted having a greater axial length than the outer conductor (AL1) for the higher frequency range.
  8. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shorts (KS1, KS2), which are preferably in the form of pots and run radially, are located offset in the longitudinal direction of the multiple coaxial line (17).
  9. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the inner coaxial feed line (17a) together with the inner and the outer conductor (19a, 15a) passes through the feed or output apparatus, and in that at least the further coaxial outer conductor (15b), which surrounds this inner coaxial line (17a) of the outer coaxial feed line (17b) has an outlet opening, through which the inner conductor (43, 63, 19b) of a coaxial connecting line (42, 62) is passed to the connecting point (46) to the outer inner conductor (19b) of the multiple coaxial line (17a, 17b).
  10. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the inner coaxial feed line (17a), which passes through the inner spur line (SL1 or SL2), leads to a coaxial feed connection (21a) .
  11. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the inner conductor (19b) of the outer coaxial cable (17b), which at the same time represents the outer conductor (15a) of the inner coaxial cable (17a), is at the same potential as the outer conductor (17b) of the outer coaxial cable (17b), preferably at earth.
  12. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the electrical length of the at least two mutually interleaved spur lines (SL1, SL2) and the associated outer conductors (AL1, AL2) is sufficiently great, as a function of the frequency ranges to be transmitted, that the feed or connecting point (46) is transferred to an open circuit as a result of the short (KS1, KS2) provided at the respective end of the spur line (SL1, SL2).
  13. Feed or output apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the feed or output apparatus is connected to an antenna device (A, B) which operates in at least two frequency ranges.
EP00931081A 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, especially for a multiple coaxial line Expired - Lifetime EP1095421B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19920980 1999-05-06
DE19920980A DE19920980C2 (en) 1999-05-06 1999-05-06 Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, in particular for a multiple coaxial line
PCT/EP2000/003839 WO2000069015A1 (en) 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, especially for a multiple coaxial line

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1095421A1 EP1095421A1 (en) 2001-05-02
EP1095421B1 true EP1095421B1 (en) 2007-12-05

Family

ID=7907243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00931081A Expired - Lifetime EP1095421B1 (en) 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, especially for a multiple coaxial line

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6509815B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1095421B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002544691A (en)
KR (1) KR100511477B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1199312C (en)
AT (1) ATE380403T1 (en)
AU (1) AU762518B2 (en)
BR (1) BR0006103A (en)
CA (1) CA2336579C (en)
DE (2) DE19920980C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2295029T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1037935A1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ508737A (en)
WO (1) WO2000069015A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7317366B1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2008-01-08 Duer David H VHF signal remitter
US7239286B1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2007-07-03 R.A. Miller Industries, Inc. Antenna with dipole connector
JP4661776B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-03-30 株式会社村田製作所 Antenna structure and wireless communication apparatus including the same
CN1996661B (en) * 2006-12-29 2011-04-20 北京交通大学 Method for making the vehicular antennal with the leaky coaxial cable
US9778368B2 (en) 2014-09-07 2017-10-03 Trimble Inc. Satellite navigation using side by side antennas
CN111146584A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-12 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 Multi-frequency triple-feed antenna

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2354550C2 (en) * 1973-10-31 1982-08-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Double omnidirectional antenna
FR2300429A1 (en) * 1975-02-07 1976-09-03 Thomson Csf GROUP
US5418506A (en) * 1993-07-14 1995-05-23 Mahnad; Ali R. Triaxial transmission line for transmitting two independent frequencies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19920980A1 (en) 2000-12-07
CA2336579A1 (en) 2000-11-16
KR20010053061A (en) 2001-06-25
CN1302462A (en) 2001-07-04
HK1037935A1 (en) 2002-02-22
JP2002544691A (en) 2002-12-24
US6509815B1 (en) 2003-01-21
DE19920980C2 (en) 2002-02-07
BR0006103A (en) 2001-04-03
NZ508737A (en) 2003-04-29
DE50014826D1 (en) 2008-01-17
AU4914100A (en) 2000-11-21
CN1199312C (en) 2005-04-27
ES2295029T3 (en) 2008-04-16
WO2000069015A1 (en) 2000-11-16
AU762518B2 (en) 2003-06-26
KR100511477B1 (en) 2005-08-31
CA2336579C (en) 2008-07-08
ATE380403T1 (en) 2007-12-15
EP1095421A1 (en) 2001-05-02

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