EP1092867B1 - Electrical starter for an internal combustion engine with a protection device - Google Patents

Electrical starter for an internal combustion engine with a protection device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1092867B1
EP1092867B1 EP00120966A EP00120966A EP1092867B1 EP 1092867 B1 EP1092867 B1 EP 1092867B1 EP 00120966 A EP00120966 A EP 00120966A EP 00120966 A EP00120966 A EP 00120966A EP 1092867 B1 EP1092867 B1 EP 1092867B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric starter
starter
control circuit
motor
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP00120966A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1092867A3 (en
EP1092867A2 (en
Inventor
Karl-Otto Schmidt
Thomas Karamudas
Marcus Rosenberger
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1092867A2 publication Critical patent/EP1092867A2/en
Publication of EP1092867A3 publication Critical patent/EP1092867A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • F02N11/106—Safety devices for stopping or interrupting starter actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/044—Starter current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/045—Starter temperature or parameters related to it

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the main claim. It is known, for example, by measuring the armature current or the temperature of the carbon brushes with corresponding sensors to determine the thermal load of the electric starter (or in short form starter).
  • the known devices have the disadvantage that they are relatively expensive, since additional sensors are needed.
  • a corresponding temperature sensor is needed for the temperature measurement, which must be in the vicinity of the carbon brushes so that it can essentially detect their temperature.
  • the known methods for current measurement also require a measuring element, such as a shunt in the measuring line or contactless measurement, z. B. a Hall sensor. Both methods require sensors, cabling, and installation costs, and are an additional risk to the reliability of the electric starter.
  • the electric starter according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the installation of additional hardware such as sensors, wiring, control, etc., are not required because these functions with those in the control circuit already existing components can be realized.
  • additional hardware such as sensors, wiring, control, etc.
  • Particularly advantageous is considered that from the measurement of the voltage ripple, for example by simulation or empirical measurement, local temperature peaks, for example, on the carbon brushes, or on the load of the electric starter can be concluded without much effort.
  • an overload of the starter can occur, which would result in damage or destruction. This is advantageously avoided by the subject invention.
  • the armature current of the electric starter can be determined indirectly from the already existing data of a corresponding comparator.
  • the determination of the armature current is often necessary because with the help of this value, the temperature of the carbon brushes of the electric starter can be determined.
  • a high armature current naturally results in a correspondingly high temperature due to the heating of the electric starter and of the brush fire, while with a low armature current the temperature is lower.
  • a further advantage is also seen in that the measured values of the voltage ripple for control purposes can be tapped at a corresponding output. This simplifies finding a possible source of error for service purposes. At the next maintenance inspection of a motor vehicle errors could then be read out.
  • the existing control circuit can advantageously be extended with a corresponding supplementary software program as a control program for the electric starter.
  • the improvement of the reliability of the control circuit also appears to be particularly advantageous since, because of the components which are not required, no risk of error can arise.
  • each type of electric starter can be easily adapted.
  • Another advantage is considered that by taking into account the ambient temperature, the limit load for the Eelektrostarter can be adjusted accordingly. So z. B. at high ambient temperature, the limit be reduced accordingly, since then a possible damage can occur earlier.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram with a total overview and FIG. 2 shows a flow chart.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric starter 1 with a gear 9, the output shaft, which was not shown, via a pinion 3 is arranged so that the pinion 3 engages during the starting phase of the engine 6 in the teeth of a ring gear 4 and thus the crankshaft of the engine 6 in offset the intended rotational movement.
  • an electrically operated Einspurrelais 2 is mounted, with the help of which the adhesion between the electric starter 1 and the engine 6 is ensured during the starting process.
  • the Einspurrelais 2 is connected via its control input to the output of a control circuit 5 (ESC), to which a control output of an engine control unit 8 is connected.
  • ESC control circuit 5
  • a limit sensor 10 and a measuring input is connected, which is connected to the terminal 30 of the starter circuit between a battery 7 and a terminal on the Einspurrelais 2. Furthermore, the control circuit 5 is connected to a fault memory 19 and to a protective device 20. From the FIG. 1 also shows that all mentioned devices have a negative connection to the negative pole of the battery.
  • the individual devices 10,19,20 together with the control circuit 5 can be installed in a housing.
  • control circuit 5 contains elements that control the Einspurrelais 2 before the start of the electric starter 1 such that the pinion 3 is first pushed into the ring gear 4, before the rotational movement begins.
  • the control circuit 5 already contains elements that control the Einspurrelais 2 before the start of the electric starter 1 such that the pinion 3 is first pushed into the ring gear 4, before the rotational movement begins.
  • the Einspurrelais turns on the starter, so that the starter motor turns on and drives the crankshaft of the engine via said pinion 3 and ring gear 4.
  • the internal combustion engine 6 generates a not constant, but largely periodic braking torque due to the friction and the compression of the pistons in the individual cylinders.
  • the starter current I (main current of the starter) depends on the applied torque. Characterized in that the electric starter 1 draws a periodic current from the battery 7 due to the periodic torque, it comes to the terminal 30 to periodic voltage dips, which are measured by the control circuit 5 characterized in that, for example, an analog-to-digital converter (AD converter ) digitizes the voltage at terminal 30 and supplies it to a computer chip present in the control circuit 5.
  • AD converter analog-to-digital converter
  • control circuit 5 includes a further program routine with which the simultaneously measured at the terminal 30 ripple of the voltage is further processed so that depending on the type of starter the period or the frequency of the ripple is calculated, this with The voltage values are linked in order to obtain the current flow through the electric starter. From this then the heating is calculated at various points in the electric starter, in particular on the carbon brushes.
  • the parameters for the calculations originate, for example, from empirically carried out comparison measurements that were previously determined on a comparative starter for the heating of the electric starter 1 or its carbon brushes. This calculated value is supplied to the protection device 20, which compares this value with a corresponding value of a limit value transmitter 10. When exceeding or falling below this limit, the starter current for the electric starter 1 is preferably limited or switched off.
  • the ripple of the battery voltage is measured at terminal 30 at an AD converter 19.
  • the control circuit 5 forms a difference value in position 12 from the mean of the last converter values subtracted from the current converter value.
  • position 13 the time between the zero crossings is detected and calculated from it in position 14, the starter speed.
  • the starter current I is calculated (position 15).
  • position 16 from the existing Data calculated the heating of the electric starter 1 by comparison with the values stored for the individual temperatures and taking into account the ambient temperature.
  • position 17 is carried out by the protective device 20, for example, when the permissible limit temperature is exceeded, a termination of the starting process to protect the electric starter 1 from possible damage.
  • control circuit has an error memory 19, in which now the error messages of the protection device are stored after exceeding the predetermined limit value.
  • error messages are stored long-term, for example, with the date, time, temperature of the electric starter 1, etc., until, for example, at the next due service this error message can be read out and, if necessary, the cause can be researched.

Abstract

The control circuit (5) for an electric starting motor, at an internal combustion motor, is structured to determine the heating and/or the load on the starting motor, at least at one point of the motor (1), from the voltage waves in the main current circuit of the starter motor current (I). The threshold value transmitter (10) gives the set max. loading on the electric starter motor (1). A comparator uses the motor loading and the threshold value to generate a signal if the threshold value is breached upwards or downwards. On receipt of the signal, a cut-out (20) restricts the force flow to the IC motor (6), and cuts the current flow to the starter motor (1). The control circuit (5) registers the current (I) to the armature of the start motor (1) and the temp. of the motor carbon brushes.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Elektrostarter für einen Verbrennungsmotor nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Es ist bekannt, zum Beispiel durch Messung des Ankerstromes oder der Temperatur der Kohlebürsten mit entsprechenden Sensoren die thermische Belastung des Elektrostarters (oder in Kurzform Starter genannt) zu ermitteln. Die bekannten Vorrichtungen haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß sie relativ aufwendig sind, da zusätzliche Sensoren benötigt werden. Zum Beispiel wird für die Temperaturmessung ein entsprechender Temperatursensor benötigt, der sich in der Nähe der Kohlebürsten befinden muß, damit er im Wesentlichen deren Temperatur erfassen kann. Die bekannten Verfahren zur Strommessung erfordern ebenfalls ein Meßglied, beispielsweise einen Shunt in der Meßleitung oder bei kontaktloser Messung, z. B. einen Hall-Sensor. Beide Verfahren erfordern Kosten für die Sensoren, Verkabelung sowie deren Einbau und sind ein zusätzliches Risiko für die Zuverlässigkeit des Elektrostarters. Weiter ist aus der DE 2700982 C2 eine Schaltung für elektrische Andrehmotoren bekannt, die die zeitliche Strom- oder Spannungsänderungen des Stromes auswertet, der dem Andrehmotor zugeführt wird. Unterschreitet die zeitliche Änderung einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert, wird dieses als Selbstlauf des Verbrennungsmotors interpretiert und der Andrehmotor abgeschaltet, da beim Selbstlauf des Verbrennungsmotors die Spannungsänderungen geringer sind als während des Anlassens.The invention relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the main claim. It is known, for example, by measuring the armature current or the temperature of the carbon brushes with corresponding sensors to determine the thermal load of the electric starter (or in short form starter). However, the known devices have the disadvantage that they are relatively expensive, since additional sensors are needed. For example, a corresponding temperature sensor is needed for the temperature measurement, which must be in the vicinity of the carbon brushes so that it can essentially detect their temperature. The known methods for current measurement also require a measuring element, such as a shunt in the measuring line or contactless measurement, z. B. a Hall sensor. Both methods require sensors, cabling, and installation costs, and are an additional risk to the reliability of the electric starter. Next is from the DE 2700982 C2 a circuit for electric starting motors, which evaluates the temporal current or voltage changes of the current, which is supplied to the starter motor. If the change in time falls below a predetermined threshold value, this is interpreted as a self-running of the internal combustion engine and the starter motor switched off because during self-running of the internal combustion engine, the voltage changes are lower than during cranking.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Elektrostarter mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß der Einbau einer zusätzlichen Hardware wie Sensoren, Verdrahtung, Kontrollmöglichkeit, usw. nicht erforderlich sind, da diese Funktionen mit denen in der Steuerschaltung bereits vorhandenen Bauteilen realisierbar sind. Als besonders vorteilhaft wird angesehen, daß aus der Messung der Spannungwelligkeit, beispielsweise durch Simulation oder empirischer Messung, auf lokale Temperaturspitzen, beispielsweise an den Kohlebürsten, oder auf die Belastung des Elektrostarters ohne großen Aufwand geschlossen werden kann. In bestimmten Betriebssituationen wie beim langen"Kurbeln" nach einer kalten Winternacht oder beim Fahren mit dem Anlasser ohne Motorunterstützung bei der Schiffsverladung (weil der Tank leer ist), kann eine Überlastung des Anlassers erfolgen, die eine Schädigung oder Zerstörung zur Folge hätte. Durch den Erfindungsgegenstand wird dies vorteilhaft vermieden.The electric starter according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the installation of additional hardware such as sensors, wiring, control, etc., are not required because these functions with those in the control circuit already existing components can be realized. Particularly advantageous is considered that from the measurement of the voltage ripple, for example by simulation or empirical measurement, local temperature peaks, for example, on the carbon brushes, or on the load of the electric starter can be concluded without much effort. In certain operating situations, such as long "cranking" after a cold winter night or when driving with the starter without engine assistance during the ship loading (because the tank is empty), an overload of the starter can occur, which would result in damage or destruction. This is advantageously avoided by the subject invention.

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Elektrostarters möglich.The measures mentioned in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim electric starter are possible.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß durch Abschalten des Hauptstromes der Kraftflusses zum Verbrennungsmotor sofort unterbrochen wird und somit keine weitere Erwärmung des Elektrostarters auftreten kann. Erst nach dem Abkühlen kann der Elektrostarter unbeschädigt wieder benutzt werden.It is particularly advantageous that is interrupted immediately by switching off the main flow of the power flow to the engine and thus no further heating of the electric starter can occur. Only after cooling, the electric starter can be used undamaged again.

Günstig erscheint auch, daß aus den bereits vorhandenen Daten eines entsprechenden Vergleichsatarters der Ankerstrom des Elektrostarters indirekt ermittelt werden kann. Die Bestimmung des Ankerstromes ist oftmals notwendig, da mit Hilfe dieses Wertes die Temperatur der Kohlebürsten des Elektrostarters bestimmt werden kann. Ein hoher Ankerstrom ergibt naturgemäß aufgrund der Erwärmung des Elektrostarters sowie des Bürstenfeuers eine entsprechend hohe Temperatur, während bei einem niedrigen Ankerstrom die Temperatur niedriger ist.It also appears favorable that the armature current of the electric starter can be determined indirectly from the already existing data of a corresponding comparator. The determination of the armature current is often necessary because with the help of this value, the temperature of the carbon brushes of the electric starter can be determined. A high armature current naturally results in a correspondingly high temperature due to the heating of the electric starter and of the brush fire, while with a low armature current the temperature is lower.

Ein weiterer Vorteil wird auch darin gesehen, daß die gemessenen Werte der Spannungswelligkeit für Kontrollzwecke an einem entsprechenden Ausgang abgegriffen werden können. Dieses vereinfacht für Servicezwecke das Auffinden einer möglichen Fehlerquelle. Bei der nächsten Wartungsinspektion eines Kraftfahrzeugs könnten dann Fehler ausgelesen werden.A further advantage is also seen in that the measured values of the voltage ripple for control purposes can be tapped at a corresponding output. This simplifies finding a possible source of error for service purposes. At the next maintenance inspection of a motor vehicle errors could then be read out.

Da es üblich ist, die Steuerschaltung mit einem kleinen Mikrocomputerchip auszustatten, kann mit einem entsprechenden ergänzenden Softwareprogramm als Steuerprogramm für den Elektrostarter die bestehende Steuerschaltung vorteilhaft erweitert werden. Besonders vorteilhaft erscheint auch die Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit der Steuerschaltung, da wegen der nicht benötigten Bauteile auch kein Fehlerrisiko entstehen kann. Darüber hinaus kann durch einfache Modifikation des Steuerprogramms jeder Elektrostartertyp auf einfacher Weise angepaßt werden.Since it is customary to equip the control circuit with a small microcomputer chip, the existing control circuit can advantageously be extended with a corresponding supplementary software program as a control program for the electric starter. The improvement of the reliability of the control circuit also appears to be particularly advantageous since, because of the components which are not required, no risk of error can arise. Moreover, by simply modifying the control program, each type of electric starter can be easily adapted.

Als weiterer Vorteil wird angesehen, daß durch die Berücksichtigung der Umgebungstemperatur die Grenzbelastung für den Eelektrostarter entsprechend angepaßt werden kann. So kann z. B. bei hohen Umgebungstemperatur der Grenzwert entsprechend herabgesetzt werden, da dann eine mögliche Schädigung schon früher auftreten kann.Another advantage is considered that by taking into account the ambient temperature, the limit load for the Eelektrostarter can be adjusted accordingly. So z. B. at high ambient temperature, the limit be reduced accordingly, since then a possible damage can occur earlier.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Blockschaltbild mit einer Gesamtübersicht und Figur 2 zeigt ein Flußdiagramm.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it FIG. 1 a block diagram with a total overview and FIG. 2 shows a flow chart.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Das Blockschaltbild der Figur 1 zeigt einen Elektrostarter 1 mit einem Getriebe 9, dessen Abtriebswelle, die nicht dargestellt wurde, über ein Ritzel 3 so angeordnet ist, daß das Ritzel 3 während der Startphase des Verbrennungsmotors 6 in die Zähne eines Zahnkranzes 4 greift und somit die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors 6 in die vorgesehene Drehbewegung versetzt. An dem Elektrostarter 1 ist ein elektrisch betriebenes Einspurrelais 2 angebracht, mit dessen Hilfe beim Startvorgang der Kraftschluß zwischen dem Elektrostarter 1 und dem Verbrennungsmotor 6 gewährleistet wird. Elektrisch ist das Einspurrelais 2 über seinen Steuereingang mit dem Ausgang einer Steuerschaltung 5 (ESC) verbunden, an die ein Steuerausgang eines Motorsteuergerätes 8 angeschlossen ist. An weiteren Eingängen der Steuerschaltung 5 ist ein Grenzwertgeber 10 und ein Meßeingang geschaltet, der mit der Klemme 30 des Starterstromkreises zwischen einer Batterie 7 und einem Anschluß am Einspurrelais 2 angeschlossen ist. Des weiteren ist die Steuerschaltung 5 mit einem Fehlerspeicher 19 sowie mit einer Schutzvorrichtung 20 verbunden. Aus der Figur 1 ergibt sich auch, daß alle genannten Geräte eine Minusverbindung zum Minuspol der Batterie aufweisen.The block diagram of FIG. 1 shows an electric starter 1 with a gear 9, the output shaft, which was not shown, via a pinion 3 is arranged so that the pinion 3 engages during the starting phase of the engine 6 in the teeth of a ring gear 4 and thus the crankshaft of the engine 6 in offset the intended rotational movement. On the electric starter 1, an electrically operated Einspurrelais 2 is mounted, with the help of which the adhesion between the electric starter 1 and the engine 6 is ensured during the starting process. Electrically, the Einspurrelais 2 is connected via its control input to the output of a control circuit 5 (ESC), to which a control output of an engine control unit 8 is connected. At other inputs of the control circuit 5, a limit sensor 10 and a measuring input is connected, which is connected to the terminal 30 of the starter circuit between a battery 7 and a terminal on the Einspurrelais 2. Furthermore, the control circuit 5 is connected to a fault memory 19 and to a protective device 20. From the FIG. 1 also shows that all mentioned devices have a negative connection to the negative pole of the battery.

Alternativ ist vorgesehen, daß die einzelnen Geräte 10,19,20 zusammen mit der Steuerschaltung 5 in einem Gehäuse einbaubar sind.Alternatively, it is provided that the individual devices 10,19,20 together with the control circuit 5 can be installed in a housing.

Anhand der Figur 2 wird nun die Funktionsweise der Steuerschaltung 5 mit der Schutzvorrichtung 20 näher erläutert. Vorweg sei darauf hingewiesen, daß üblicherweise die Steuerschaltung 5 bereits Elemente enthält, die das Einspurrelais 2 vor dem Start des Elektrostarters 1 derart steuern, daß das Ritzel 3 zunächst in den Zahnkranz 4 geschoben wird, bevor die Drehbewegung anfängt. Nach dem Einspuren des Ritzels des Elektrostarters 1 auf dem Zahnkranz 4 des Verbrennungsmotors 6 schaltet also das Einspurrelais den Starterstrom ein, so daß der Startermotor andreht und über die genannten Ritzel 3 und Zahnkranz 4 die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors antreibt. Am Zahnkranz 4 erzeugt der Verbrennungsmotor 6 aufgrund der Reibung und der Kompression der Kolben in den einzelnen Zylindern ein nicht konstantes, aber weitgehend periodisches Bremsmoment. Der Starterstrom I (Hauptstrom des Starters) hängt vom auf zubringenden Drehmoment ab. Dadurch, daß der Elektrostarter 1 aufgrund des periodischen Drehmomentes einen periodischen Strom aus der Batterie 7 zieht, kommt es an der Klemme 30 zu periodischen Spannungseinbrüchen, welche von der steuerschaltung 5 dadurch gemessen werden, daß beispielsweise ein Analog-Digital-Wandler (AD-Wandler) die Spannung an Klemme 30 digitalisiert und einem in der Steuerschaltung 5 vorhandenen Rechnerchip zuführt. Das Programm zur Steuerung des Rechnerchips in der Steuerschaltung 5, um das Einspurrelais 2 beziehungsweise den gesamten Startvorgang des Verbrennungsmotors 6 zu steuern, ist bereits bekannt und muß daher nicht näher erläutert werden. Als neu und erfinderisch wird angesehen, daß die Steuerschaltung 5 eine weitere Programmroutine enthält, mit der die an der Klemme 30 simultan gemessene Welligkeit der Spannung dahingehend weiterverarbeitet wird, daß in Abhängigkeit vom Startertyp die Periodendauer bzw. die Frequenz der Welligkeit errechnet wird, diese mit den Spannungswerten verknüpft wird, um daraus den Stromverlauf durch den Elektrostarter zu erhalten. Aus diesem wird dann die Erwärmung an verschiedenen Punkten im Elektrostarter, insbesondere an den Kohlebürsten, errechnet. Die Parameter für die Berechnungen stammen beispielsweise aus empirisch durchgeführten Vergleichsmessungen, die zuvor an einem Vergleichsstarter für die Erwärmung des Elektrostarters 1 oder dessen Kohlebürsten ermittelt wurden. Dieser errechnete Wert wird der Schutzvorrichtung 20 zugeführt, die diesen Wert mit einem entsprechenden Wert eines Grenzwertgebers 10 vergleicht. Beim Über- bzw. Unterschreiten dieses Grenzwertes wird vorzugsweise der Starterstrom für den Elektrostarter 1 begrenzt oder abgeschaltet.Based on FIG. 2 Now, the operation of the control circuit 5 is explained in more detail with the protection device 20. It should be noted in advance that usually the control circuit 5 already contains elements that control the Einspurrelais 2 before the start of the electric starter 1 such that the pinion 3 is first pushed into the ring gear 4, before the rotational movement begins. After the meshing of the pinion of the electric starter 1 on the sprocket 4 of the engine 6 so the Einspurrelais turns on the starter, so that the starter motor turns on and drives the crankshaft of the engine via said pinion 3 and ring gear 4. On the ring gear 4, the internal combustion engine 6 generates a not constant, but largely periodic braking torque due to the friction and the compression of the pistons in the individual cylinders. The starter current I (main current of the starter) depends on the applied torque. Characterized in that the electric starter 1 draws a periodic current from the battery 7 due to the periodic torque, it comes to the terminal 30 to periodic voltage dips, which are measured by the control circuit 5 characterized in that, for example, an analog-to-digital converter (AD converter ) digitizes the voltage at terminal 30 and supplies it to a computer chip present in the control circuit 5. The program for controlling the computer chip in the control circuit 5 to control the Einspurrelais 2 and the entire starting process of the engine 6 is already known and therefore does not need to be closer be explained. As new and inventive it is considered that the control circuit 5 includes a further program routine with which the simultaneously measured at the terminal 30 ripple of the voltage is further processed so that depending on the type of starter the period or the frequency of the ripple is calculated, this with The voltage values are linked in order to obtain the current flow through the electric starter. From this then the heating is calculated at various points in the electric starter, in particular on the carbon brushes. The parameters for the calculations originate, for example, from empirically carried out comparison measurements that were previously determined on a comparative starter for the heating of the electric starter 1 or its carbon brushes. This calculated value is supplied to the protection device 20, which compares this value with a corresponding value of a limit value transmitter 10. When exceeding or falling below this limit, the starter current for the electric starter 1 is preferably limited or switched off.

Dieser Vorgang wurde prinzipiell noch einmal im Flußdiagramm der Figur 2, bei dem die weitere Programmroutine aufgebaut ist, näher erläutert.This process was in principle again in the flow chart of FIG. 2 , in which the further program routine is constructed, explained in more detail.

Wie bereits oben erläutert, wird an der Klemme 30 an einem AD-Wandler 19 die Welligkeit der Batteriespannung gemessen. Die Steuerschaltung 5 bildet aus dem Mittelwert der letzten Wandlerwerte, der vom aktuellen Wandlerwert abgezogen wird, in Position 12 einen Differenzwert. In Position 13 wird die Zeit zwischen den Nulldurchgängen erfaßt und daraus in Position 14 die Starterdrehzahl errechnet. Aus dem digitalisierten Spannungswert des AD-Wandlers 19 und der Starterdrehzahl wird unter Berücksichtigung des Typs des Elektrostarters 1 der Starterstrom I berechnet (Position 15). Desweiteren wird in Position 16 aus den vorhandenen Daten die Erwärmung des Elektrostarters 1 durch Vergleich mit den für die einzelnen Temperaturen gespeicherten Werten und unter Berücksichtigung der Umgebungstemperatur berechnet. In Position 17 erfolgt durch die Schutzvorrichtung 20 beispielsweise bei Überschreiten der zulässigen Grenztemperatur ein Abbruch des Startvorganges, um den Elektrostarter 1 vor einem möglichen Schaden zu schützen.As already explained above, the ripple of the battery voltage is measured at terminal 30 at an AD converter 19. The control circuit 5 forms a difference value in position 12 from the mean of the last converter values subtracted from the current converter value. In position 13, the time between the zero crossings is detected and calculated from it in position 14, the starter speed. From the digitized voltage value of the AD converter 19 and the starter speed, taking into account the type of the electric starter 1, the starter current I is calculated (position 15). Furthermore, in position 16 from the existing Data calculated the heating of the electric starter 1 by comparison with the values stored for the individual temperatures and taking into account the ambient temperature. In position 17 is carried out by the protective device 20, for example, when the permissible limit temperature is exceeded, a termination of the starting process to protect the electric starter 1 from possible damage.

Natürlich sind an Stelle des AD-Wandler auch andere bekannte Meßverfahren für die Welligkeit der Spannung verwendbar.Of course, instead of the AD converter, other known measuring methods for the ripple of the voltage can be used.

Ergänzend wird noch darauf hingewiesen, daß die Steuerschaltung einen Fehlerspeicher 19 aufweist, in dem nun die Fehlermeldungen der Schutzvorrichtung nach Überschreiten des vorgegebenen Grenzwertes gespeichert sind. Diese Fehlermeldungen werden beispielsweise mit Datum, Uhrzeit, Temperatur des Elektrostarters 1 usw. langfristig gespeichert, bis beispielsweise beim nächsten fälligen Service diese Fehlermeldung ausgelesen und gegebenenfalls nach der Ursache geforscht werden kann.In addition, it should be noted that the control circuit has an error memory 19, in which now the error messages of the protection device are stored after exceeding the predetermined limit value. These error messages are stored long-term, for example, with the date, time, temperature of the electric starter 1, etc., until, for example, at the next due service this error message can be read out and, if necessary, the cause can be researched.

Claims (7)

  1. Electric starter for an internal combustion engine (6), having a gear mechanism (9) to the internal combustion engine (6), which gear mechanism produces the non-positive connection between the electric starter (1) and the internal combustion engine (6) during the starting process of the internal combustion engine (6), having a battery (7), having a control circuit (5) for the starter current (I) and for detecting the starter voltage or the starter current, having a limit value transmitter (10) and having a protection apparatus (20), with the control circuit (5) further being designed to derive the loading of the electric starter (1) from the voltage ripple in the main electrical circuit of the electric starter (1) for a comparator which emits a signal using the values of the loading and the limit value, which is predefined by the limit value transmitter (10), for a maximum loading of the electric starter (1) when the limit value is exceeded or undershot, and the protection apparatus (20) is designed such that it limits the non-positive connection to the internal combustion engine (6) when the signal is produced, characterized in that the control circuit (5) is designed to determine at least a temperature of the electric starter (1) in order to determine heating at at least one point of the electric starter (1) from the voltage ripple.
  2. Electric starter according to Claim 1, characterized in that the protection apparatus (20) is designed to disconnect the main current (I) to the electric starter (1).
  3. Electric starter according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (5) is designed to determine the armature current (I) of the electric starter (1).
  4. Electric starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature which is determined is the temperature of the carbon brushes of the electric starter.
  5. Electric starter according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the established values can be displayed or tapped off.
  6. Electric starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (5) has a control program for determining or evaluating the voltage ripple, the temperature and/or the loading of the electric starter (1).
  7. Electric starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (5) is connected to a temperature sensor (18) for detecting the ambient temperature, and in that the control circuit (5) is designed to establish the limit value, taking into account the ambient temperature.
EP00120966A 1999-10-15 2000-09-27 Electrical starter for an internal combustion engine with a protection device Expired - Lifetime EP1092867B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19949822 1999-10-15
DE19949822A DE19949822A1 (en) 1999-10-15 1999-10-15 Electric starter for an internal combustion engine with a protective device

Publications (3)

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EP1092867A2 EP1092867A2 (en) 2001-04-18
EP1092867A3 EP1092867A3 (en) 2002-07-31
EP1092867B1 true EP1092867B1 (en) 2010-01-20

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EP00120966A Expired - Lifetime EP1092867B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2000-09-27 Electrical starter for an internal combustion engine with a protection device

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US (1) US6661195B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1092867B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4996007B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE455958T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19949822A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2338404T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4996007B2 (en) 2012-08-08
EP1092867A3 (en) 2002-07-31
JP2001115936A (en) 2001-04-27
DE50015849D1 (en) 2010-03-11
ATE455958T1 (en) 2010-02-15
US6661195B1 (en) 2003-12-09
DE19949822A1 (en) 2001-04-19
EP1092867A2 (en) 2001-04-18
ES2338404T3 (en) 2010-05-07

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