EP1088046A1 - Carbon pellets - Google Patents

Carbon pellets

Info

Publication number
EP1088046A1
EP1088046A1 EP99914809A EP99914809A EP1088046A1 EP 1088046 A1 EP1088046 A1 EP 1088046A1 EP 99914809 A EP99914809 A EP 99914809A EP 99914809 A EP99914809 A EP 99914809A EP 1088046 A1 EP1088046 A1 EP 1088046A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
pellets
carbon
biomass
fine particulate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99914809A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Egil Auganes
Inger Johanne Eikeland
Roger Haukoy
Jan Mohaug
Oddbjorn Paulsen
Thor Sonstelien
Halvard Tveit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elkem ASA
Original Assignee
Elkem ASA
Elkem Materials AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elkem ASA, Elkem Materials AS filed Critical Elkem ASA
Publication of EP1088046A1 publication Critical patent/EP1088046A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to carbon-containing pellets for the use as reduction material in electric smelting furnaces for the production of metals and alloys, more particularly for the use in electric smelting furnaces for the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon.
  • Pellets as described above which only contains biomass produced from wood chips and paper, further have the disadvantage that they have a high volume compared to the content of fixed carbon and it is therefore difficult to substitute a major part of reduction material based on fossile carbon with this type of pellets.
  • the present invention relates to pellets for the use as a reduction material in metallurgical reduction processes for the production of metals and alloys, said pellets comprising 40 - 95 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of woodchips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and 5 - 60 % by weight of one or more fine particulate carbon materials containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon.
  • the biomass is produced by treatment with water vapour under high pressure of a mixture comprising 90 - 99.5 % by weight of wood chips and 0.5 - 10 % by weight of paper, preferably 96 - 99 % by weight of wood chips and 1 - 4 % by weight of paper.
  • the pellets comprises 50 - 70 % by weight of biomass and 30 - 50 % by weight of fine particulate carbon material.
  • fine particulate carbon material containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon it can be used coal, coke, char coal and carbon black having a particle size below 5 mm and preferably below 3 mm.
  • the carbon-containing pellets according to present invention have a very high reactivity. It has thus been found that so-called SiO reactivity of the pellets according to the present invention is substantially higher than the SiO reactivity of both biomass and of the carbon materials as such. Further, the pellets have a good strength allowing the pellets to be transported and added to smelting furnaces without being broken to any substantial extent. Further, the pellets according to the present invention typically have a content of fixed carbon of between 30 and 40 % which is substantially higher than for biocarbon pellets having no additive of fine particulate carbon material.
  • the emission of CO 2 from fossil carbon material can be reduced up till 100 % in case fine particulate material from char coal is used as fine particulate carbon material in the pellets of the present invention.
  • the pellets according to the present invention are produced by mixing dried biomass produced by treatment of wood chips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and the fine particulate carbon material whereafter the mixture is extruded to pellets using the natural lignin content of the biomass as a binder. Thus not external binder has to be added.
  • Pellets according to the present invention containing 75 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of 98 % by weight of wood chips and 2 % by weight of paper with water vapour under high pressure and 25 % by weight of particulate coal having a particle size less than 3,8 mm, were examined as to SiO reactivity.
  • pellets without addition of fine particulate coal and consisting of 100 % biomass produced by treatment by weater vapour under high pressure of 96 % by weight of wood chips and 4 % by weight of paper was examined as to SiO reactivity.
  • SiO reactivity was measured by means of a standardized method where a gas mixture consisting of 13.5 % SiO, 4.5 % CO the remainder being argon, at a temperature of about 1650°C is passed through a bed of the material to be tested. When the gas mixture comes into contact with the carbon material in the bed, more or less SiO(g) will react with the carbon to form SiC and CO- gas. The content of CO in the gas mixture which has passed through the carbon materials in the bed is analyzed and the amount of SiO which has reacted with carbon for the formation of SiC is calculated. Based on this a reactivity number is determined.
  • the results of the SiO reactivity tests are shown in figure 1 , where the arrow marked 1 shows the SiO reactivity for pellets according to the present invention and where the arrow marked 2 shows the SiO reactivity for pellets having no addition of fine particulate coal.
  • figure 1 there are further shown ranges of SiO reactivity for a number of conventional reduction materials.
  • the pellets according to the present invention have a very high SiO reactivity, substantially higher than coal and also higher than pellets consisting only of biomass produced from wood chips and paper. It was very surprising that the pellets according to the invention showed a synergistic effect as to SiO reactivity.
  • Pellets according to the present invention containing 60 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of wood chips with water vapour under high pressure and 40 % by weight of carbon black having a particle size between 200 and 300 ⁇ m were examined as to SiO reactivity using the same method as described in Example 1
  • Pellets according to the present invention containing 60 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of wood chips with water vapour under high pressure and 40 % by weight of fine particulate petrol coke were examined as to SiO reactivity using the same method as described in example 1.
  • the result of the SiO reactivity is shown in figure 1 with arrow marked 4.
  • the pellets containing petrol coke according to the present invention show a remarkably high SiO reactivity compared both to petrol coke as such and also to biomass as such.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to pellets for use as a reduction material in metallurgical reduction processes for the production of metals and alloys. The pellets comprise 40-95 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of woodchips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and 5-60 % by weight of one or more fine particulate carbon materials containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon.

Description

Title of invention: Carbon pellets.
Technical Field The present invention relates to carbon-containing pellets for the use as reduction material in electric smelting furnaces for the production of metals and alloys, more particularly for the use in electric smelting furnaces for the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon.
Background Art
In the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon, fossile carbon in the form of lumpy coal or coke or biocarbon in the form of lumpy char coal and in the form of wood chips are used as reduction material. It is further known to use agglomerates in the form of briquettes or pellets of pulverized coal or coke, optionally with addition of iron oxide or other metal oxides.
From Norwegian patent No. 300094 it is known a method for the production of so-called biomass from organic materials such as wood and paper, where wood chips optionally together with paper is treated with water vapour under high pressure and is thereby transferred into a biomass where the main constituents of the wood, cellulose, hemi cellulose and lignin are made available. This biomass can after drying be pressed into pellets where the lignin acts as a binder. Pellets having a diameter between 5 and 15 mm can thereby be produced without addition of any external binder. Biopellets produced in this way are, however, costly and have for this reason not found any use as a reduction material in metallurgical reduction processes even though the pellets show an acceptable reactivity.
Pellets as described above which only contains biomass produced from wood chips and paper, further have the disadvantage that they have a high volume compared to the content of fixed carbon and it is therefore difficult to substitute a major part of reduction material based on fossile carbon with this type of pellets.
In order to reduce emissions of CO2 originating from fossil carbon it is a wish in the metallurgical industry to substitute as much as possible of fossil carbon with reduction materials based on biocarbon. The only biocarbon sources which up till now have been used as reduction material in smelting furnaces for the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon, is char coal and wood chips. Char coal is, however, very costly compared to fossil carbon sources such as coal and coke, while wood chips only can be used as a small part of the reduction material due to its very high volume in relation to its content of fixed carbon.
Further, there is available large amounts of fine particular fossil carbon sources such as coal, metallurgical coke and petrol coke which due to their fine particle size are not suited as reduction materials in electric smelting furnaces. When lumpy fossil carbon sources like coal and coke are used as reduction materials fine particulate material has first to be removed by screening. This fine particulate carbon materials thus presently represent an economical loss. In addition there is available fines from charcoal which are not suited as a reduction material. Finally carbon black, which is a very fine particulate carbon material is available. Carbon black agglomerated in conventional way has, however, a very low reactivity and has for this reason not found any use as a reduction material in electric smelting furnaces.
Disclosure of Invention
By the present invention one has now arrived at a carbon-containing pellet which is mainly based on biocarbon which pellets have a very high reactivity when used as a reduction material in metallurgical metal reduction processes. Accordingly, the present invention relates to pellets for the use as a reduction material in metallurgical reduction processes for the production of metals and alloys, said pellets comprising 40 - 95 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of woodchips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and 5 - 60 % by weight of one or more fine particulate carbon materials containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon.
According to a preferred embodiment the biomass is produced by treatment with water vapour under high pressure of a mixture comprising 90 - 99.5 % by weight of wood chips and 0.5 - 10 % by weight of paper, preferably 96 - 99 % by weight of wood chips and 1 - 4 % by weight of paper.
According to another preferred embodiment the pellets comprises 50 - 70 % by weight of biomass and 30 - 50 % by weight of fine particulate carbon material.
As fine particulate carbon material containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon it can be used coal, coke, char coal and carbon black having a particle size below 5 mm and preferably below 3 mm.
It has surprisingly been found that the carbon-containing pellets according to present invention have a very high reactivity. It has thus been found that so- called SiO reactivity of the pellets according to the present invention is substantially higher than the SiO reactivity of both biomass and of the carbon materials as such. Further, the pellets have a good strength allowing the pellets to be transported and added to smelting furnaces without being broken to any substantial extent. Further, the pellets according to the present invention typically have a content of fixed carbon of between 30 and 40 % which is substantially higher than for biocarbon pellets having no additive of fine particulate carbon material. By use of the pellets according to the present invention as a reduction material in smelting furnaces for the production of metals and alloys, the emission of CO2 from fossil carbon material can be reduced up till 100 % in case fine particulate material from char coal is used as fine particulate carbon material in the pellets of the present invention.
The pellets according to the present invention are produced by mixing dried biomass produced by treatment of wood chips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and the fine particulate carbon material whereafter the mixture is extruded to pellets using the natural lignin content of the biomass as a binder. Thus not external binder has to be added.
EXAMPLE 1
Pellets according to the present invention containing 75 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of 98 % by weight of wood chips and 2 % by weight of paper with water vapour under high pressure and 25 % by weight of particulate coal having a particle size less than 3,8 mm, were examined as to SiO reactivity.
For comparison purposes pellets without addition of fine particulate coal and consisting of 100 % biomass produced by treatment by weater vapour under high pressure of 96 % by weight of wood chips and 4 % by weight of paper was examined as to SiO reactivity.
SiO reactivity was measured by means of a standardized method where a gas mixture consisting of 13.5 % SiO, 4.5 % CO the remainder being argon, at a temperature of about 1650°C is passed through a bed of the material to be tested. When the gas mixture comes into contact with the carbon material in the bed, more or less SiO(g) will react with the carbon to form SiC and CO- gas. The content of CO in the gas mixture which has passed through the carbon materials in the bed is analyzed and the amount of SiO which has reacted with carbon for the formation of SiC is calculated. Based on this a reactivity number is determined. This method is described in the paper "Reactivity of reduction materials in the production of Silicon, Silicon-rich Ferro Alloys and Silicon-Carbide " by J.Kr. Tuset and O. Raaness, AIME El. Furnace Conference, St.Lois, Miss, Dec. 1979.
The results of the SiO reactivity tests are shown in figure 1 , where the arrow marked 1 shows the SiO reactivity for pellets according to the present invention and where the arrow marked 2 shows the SiO reactivity for pellets having no addition of fine particulate coal. In figure 1 there are further shown ranges of SiO reactivity for a number of conventional reduction materials. As will be evident from figure 1 , the pellets according to the present invention have a very high SiO reactivity, substantially higher than coal and also higher than pellets consisting only of biomass produced from wood chips and paper. It was very surprising that the pellets according to the invention showed a synergistic effect as to SiO reactivity.
EXAMPLE 2
Pellets according to the present invention containing 60 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of wood chips with water vapour under high pressure and 40 % by weight of carbon black having a particle size between 200 and 300μm were examined as to SiO reactivity using the same method as described in Example 1
The result of the SiO reactivity test is shown in figure 1 with arrow marked 3. The pellets containing carbon black according to the present invention show a remarkable high SiO reactivity, taken into account that carbon black is known to have a very pure SiO reactivity. EXAMPLE 3
Pellets according to the present invention containing 60 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of wood chips with water vapour under high pressure and 40 % by weight of fine particulate petrol coke were examined as to SiO reactivity using the same method as described in example 1.
The result of the SiO reactivity is shown in figure 1 with arrow marked 4. The pellets containing petrol coke according to the present invention show a remarkably high SiO reactivity compared both to petrol coke as such and also to biomass as such.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. Pellets for the use as a reduction material in metallurgical reduction processes for the production of metals and alloys, characterized in that the pellets comprises 40 - 95 % by weight of biomass produced by treatment of woodchips and optionally paper with water vapour under high pressure and 5 - 60 % by weight of one or more fine particulate carbon materials containing a substantial amount of elemental carbon.
2. Pellets according to claim 1, c h a ra cte ri ze d i n that the biomass is produced by treatment with water vapour under high pressure of a mixture comprising 90 - 99.5 % by weight of wood chips and 0.5 - 10 % by weight of paper.
3. Pellets according to claim 2, c h a ra cte ri ze d i n that the biomass is produced by treatment with water vapour under high pressure of a mixture comprising 96 - 99 % by weight of wood chips and 1 - 4 % by weight of paper.
4. Pellets according to claim ^characterized in that the pellets comprises 50 - 70 % by weight of biomass and 30 - 50 % by weight of fine particulate carbon material.
5. Pellets according to claim 1, cha racterized i n that it has a fixed carbon content of at least 30 % by weight.
6. Pellets according to claim ^ cha racterized i n that the fine particulate carbon material is coal, coke, char coal or carbon black having a particle size less than 5 mm.
EP99914809A 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Carbon pellets Withdrawn EP1088046A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO981548A NO306786B1 (en) 1998-04-06 1998-04-06 Reductant Pellets
NO981548 1998-04-06
PCT/NO1999/000105 WO1999051710A1 (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Carbon pellets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1088046A1 true EP1088046A1 (en) 2001-04-04

Family

ID=19901884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99914809A Withdrawn EP1088046A1 (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Carbon pellets

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1088046A1 (en)
AU (1) AU3346999A (en)
BR (1) BR9909450A (en)
NO (1) NO306786B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999051710A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO320971B1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-02-20 Norsk Pellets Vestmarka As Process for preparing fuel pellets
SE534484C2 (en) * 2009-02-16 2011-09-06 Zilkha Biomass Fuels Llc Process for producing fuel pellets from a biological raw material, an arrangement therefor and fuel pellets
FR2985734B1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2015-01-09 Europ De Biomasse BIOCOMUSABLE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING BIOCOMBUSTIBLE
CN110387445B (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-08-10 东北大学 Method for producing direct reduced iron by using lignin as reducing agent

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2668105A (en) * 1951-04-04 1954-02-02 Alan N Mann Method of producing sponge iron
DE2935544A1 (en) * 1979-09-03 1981-03-19 Fritz Dr.Rer.Nat. 7889 Grenzach Mindermann Iron mfr. from iron oxide(s) - where carbonaceous reducing agents include sewage sludge and waste obtd. from paper, wood, plastics rubber or garbage
DE3130038A1 (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-08 ARBED S.A., 2930 Luxembourg METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS INJECTION OF PRINCIPAL REDUCING AGENTS PRESENTLY FROM CHARCOAL IN A SHAFT OVEN
FR2521592B1 (en) * 1982-02-12 1986-06-27 Armines PROCESS FOR THE EXECUTION OF REDUCING REACTIONS IN METALLURGY AND PRODUCT USED
DE4207535A1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Johannes Prof Dr Rer N Gartzen Addn. of paper residue from paper manufacturing into metal producing process - as redn. agent in the pyro-metallurgical mfr. of metal, to reduce cost of coke and wood
NO300094B1 (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-04-07 Cambi As Process and apparatus for hydrolysis of organic material under reducing conditions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9951710A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO306786B1 (en) 1999-12-20
BR9909450A (en) 2000-12-12
WO1999051710A1 (en) 1999-10-14
NO981548L (en) 1999-10-07
NO981548D0 (en) 1998-04-06
AU3346999A (en) 1999-10-25

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