EP1081726B1 - Multipole switching device - Google Patents
Multipole switching device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1081726B1 EP1081726B1 EP00890259A EP00890259A EP1081726B1 EP 1081726 B1 EP1081726 B1 EP 1081726B1 EP 00890259 A EP00890259 A EP 00890259A EP 00890259 A EP00890259 A EP 00890259A EP 1081726 B1 EP1081726 B1 EP 1081726B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rails
- conductor
- surface area
- contact points
- pole section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
- H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
- H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-pole switching device in which each Polate has at least one input terminal and an output terminal, which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line and at least one measuring device for detecting the current flowing in this connection line is provided, wherein at least one Polate is provided in whose connecting line is a switching contact with a fixed and a movable contact piece is connected, which contact pieces are electrically conductive, resulting between the contact pieces arcs of these contact pieces leading rails connect.
- a single-phase residual current circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 with a neutral connected is described, wherein the housing has two parallel chambers.
- a summation current transformer In the first chamber, a summation current transformer, a trigger relay connected thereto and a neutral circuit and in the second chamber, a phase conductor circuit comprising a switching contact and a spark-quenching chamber and a mechanism for manually switching on and off the switch housed.
- the neutral circuit has leads disposed immediately adjacent to one another and so that the currents flowing in them flow in opposite directions, thereby causing the magnetic fields generated by these currents to compensate each other, thus avoiding any influence on the trigger relay.
- the disadvantage here is that the path-movement of the light boulder is not accelerated.
- this is achieved in that the connecting line of at least one Polate, which is adjacent to the switching contact having Polate, at least partially so guided that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing in their current magnetic field amplifies that magnetic field, which in the of the contact pieces and the area circumscribed to the rails is caused by the current flowing in the presence of an arc between the contact pieces and the rails in the rails and the arc.
- the connecting line between the input and output terminal of a Polate is an already existing component of the switching device, which only has to be slightly modified to implement the invention.
- This modification is in the insertion of a line piece, such as e.g. Conductor rope, or even if such is already present in the connection line, in the change in the spatial arrangement, which may, if necessary, be accompanied by a slight extension of this conductor cable.
- a line piece such as e.g. Conductor rope
- the connecting line runs at least in sections approximately parallel to the area circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails in the region of their boundary.
- the magnetic field caused by the current in the connecting line thus runs in the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails and the arc, so that the gain of this magnetic field to be achieved is achieved particularly effectively.
- the connecting line is designed in the form of a conductor loop and arranged so that the surface spanned by it lies approximately parallel to the circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails surface and this area covers at least partially.
- the surface defined by the conductor loop covers the surface circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails, at least in the region of the contact pieces and in the region of the sections immediately adjacent thereto.
- the multi-pole switching device according to the invention with two pole sections can be designed as a combination of circuit breaker and residual current circuit breaker, in which the previously general and not on a particular multi-pole Switching device described limited invention principle is realized.
- the first provided for connecting the phase conductor of a single-phase power supply network Pol the measuring devices of a circuit breaker (overcurrent detector and short-circuit current detector) and one of these measuring devices via a switching mechanism controlled switching contact and to the fixed or the movable contact piece this switching contact subsequent, electrically conductive rails and has the second provided for connecting the neutral conductor of a single-phase power supply network Polate the components of a fault current detection circuit (summation current transformer and connected to the secondary winding evaluation circuit).
- the connecting lines of both this neutral pole path and the phase conductor Polate are guided through the toroidal core of the summation current transformer and the evaluation device acts on the arranged in the phase conductor Polumble switching mechanism.
- the connecting line of the neutral conductor Polate is formed by a conductor, which is designed in the form of a conductor loop and arranged so that the surface spanned by it is approximately parallel to the area circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails surface and this area covered at least in the region of the contact pieces and in the region of these immediately adjacent sections of the rails.
- This force F shifts the arc 3 in their direction, ie to the right in the representation according to FIG.
- switching devices see schematic illustration in Figure 2
- Such a device comprises a plurality of mutually approximately parallel platelets 7, which are aligned approximately normal to the arc 3. If the arc 3 enters such a spark quenching chamber 6, it is subdivided by the platelets 7 into a multiplicity of series-connected partial arcs, which are present between the platelets 7.
- a voltage necessary to maintain a series connection of a plurality of partial arcs is higher than the voltage required to maintain a single arc having the same total length. If the voltage between the rails 1, 2 is lower than the sum of the sustaining voltages of the partial arcs, the arc 3 in the spark-quenching chamber 6 can be extinguished and the electrical connection between the rails 1, 2 can be interrupted. The in-motion of the arc into the spark-quenching chamber 6 is achieved by the above-discussed physical fact of the generation of a force F on the arc 3 caused by the magnetic field of current flow in the rails 1,2.
- a current-carrying conductor 10 is provided which extends in sections approximately parallel to the area A 1 circumscribed by the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1 , 2 (see FIGS. 3 a, b, c).
- the current flow in this conductor 10 generates a magnetic field represented by the symbols 4 ', 5', which corresponds to the magnetic field prevailing within the area A 1 superimposed. If the current flow direction in the conductor 10 is selected in the manner shown in FIG. 3a, b, c, the magnetic field in the area A 1 is amplified.
- the exact course of the conductor 10 is to be chosen so as to give the discussed effect of magnetic field amplification.
- This conductor 10 can therefore be arranged anywhere in the area outside the area A 1 (see Fig. 3a, b, c). The closer it is to the surface A 1 , the greater, of course, the magnetic field in this area A 1 reinforcing effect, which is why it is preferably located in the region of the boundary, for example at a short distance lying exactly over one of the rails 1.2.
- a conductor loop 11 is used, which is arranged so that the surface A 2 spanned by it is approximately parallel to the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 circumscribed area A 1 and this area A 1 at least partially covered.
- the conductor loop 11 is therefore coplanar over the surface A 1 .
- the magnetic field driving the arc 3 in the direction of the spark-quenching chamber 6 is amplified. Outside of this coverage area, the magnetic field generated by the conductor loop 11 attenuates the magnetic field generated by rails 1, 2 and arc, which in turn leads to a lower running speed of the arc 3 in this area.
- this region lying outside the coverage area of the areas A 1 and A 2 is already in the spark-quenching chamber 6, that is to say in an area in which the arc 3 is already shortly before its extinction and therefore no longer further must be moved.
- the number of turns of the conductor loop 11 can be selected arbitrarily high, but since only small forces are required for further movement of an arc 3, it is sufficient, as shown in Fig.4a, b, to provide a single winding.
- the invention uses the provision of a discussed conductor 10 and a discussed conductor loop 11 to increase the running speed of an arc 3 and is to apply this principle in a multi-pole switching device.
- An example of such a multi-pole switching device is shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, to which reference is made below:
- This multi-pole switching device is bipolar and designed as a combination of circuit breaker and residual current device.
- Each pole section 12, 13 has at least one input terminal 14, 14 'and one output terminal 15, 15'.
- the input terminal 14,14 'of each Polate 12,13 is electrically connected to the output terminal 15,15' of this Polate 12,13 by a connecting line.
- the input terminal 14 is connected via the bimetallic strip 16 and via a flexible conductor cable 17 to the contact bridge 18, which carries the movable contact piece 9. in the switched state is this movable contact piece 9 on the fixed contact piece 8, which is fixed to the contact piece carrier 19.
- This carrier 19 is connected to the first end of the coil 20, whose second end is connected via a further conductor 21 to the output terminal 15.
- the coil 20 has an armature slidably mounted in its longitudinal direction, which from the magnetic field of the coil 20 - if this has a sufficient strength due to a short-circuit current is pressed against the contact bridge 18 so that the switching mechanism 26 is triggered and pivots the contact bridge 18 of this becomes. Ultimately, the movable contact piece 9 is lifted from the stationary contact piece 8 by these operations.
- the coil 20 with the movable armature forms the short-circuit current detector of the circuit breaker part of the present switching device.
- the bimetal strip 16 is heated by the current flowing through it and thereby bends so that its connected to the conductor cable 17 end is pivoted to the right. If too high a continuous current, this bending of the bimetallic strip 16 to such an extent that pivots over the bracket 22, the contact bridge 18 and the movable contact piece 9 is lifted from the fixed contact piece 8.
- the bimetallic strip 16 thus forms the overcurrent detector of the circuit breaker part of the present switching device.
- electrically conductive rails 1, 2 are provided, which adjoin the contact pieces 8, 9 and serve to conduct arcing arcs between the contact pieces 8, 9 away from them.
- electrically conductive rails 1,2 are provided, which adjoin the contact pieces 8, 9 and serve to conduct arcing arcs between the contact pieces 8, 9 away from them.
- a plurality of spaced apart mutually parallel electrically conductive plate 7 is provided, which forms a spark-quenching chamber 6 with already discussed above operating principle.
- the connecting line between the input terminal 14 'and the output terminal 15' is formed by a continuous conductor cable 23.
- This conductor cable 23 and the previously mentioned, the coil 20 of the first pole section 12 with its output terminal 15 connecting conductor 21 are guided by the toroidal core 24 of a summation current transformer.
- the secondary winding of this summation current transformer is connected to an electronic unit (indicated by the outline 25 of the printed circuit board carrying this electronics), which electronics evaluate the signal supplied by the summation current transformer.
- the electronics are further connected to the switching mechanism acting on the movable contact piece 9, so that they can cause the opening of the interruption contact 8.9 of the first pole section 12 when an unacceptably high difference between the currents in the conductor cables 21 and 23 is detected.
- the second Polate 13 thus included the components of a residual current detection circuit formed of a summation current transformer and a secondary winding of its connected evaluation circuit. This evaluation circuit can of course be realized in another form, for example by a permanent magnet release.
- the conductor line 23 forming the connection line between the input terminal 14 'and the output terminal 15' is in the form of a conductor loop having a turn.
- This conductor loop is arranged so that the surface A 2 spanned by it lies approximately parallel to the area A 1 circumscribed by the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 , and covers this area A 1 in regions.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 This regional overlapping can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 and 9, in which all housing parts of the switching device, in particular also the partition wall lying between the two pole sections 12, 13, have been omitted.
- the area in which the areas A 1 and A 2 overlap is here in the area of the contact pieces 8, 9 and in the area of the immediately adjacent sections of the rails 1, 2 .
- the first Polate 12 is provided for connection of the phase conductor L of a two-pole voltage supply network, the second Polate 13 for connecting the neutral conductor N of this voltage supply network.
- the invention is by no means limited to the particularly preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. Its underlying principle is, in a multipole switching device designed in any way the above discussed with reference to Fig.1-4b principle of increasing the arc speed with the help of an already existing connection line Polaus, adjacent to a one switching contact with subsequent Arc extinguishing device comprising Pol schedule is to realize.
- the connecting line does not have to have the shape of a conductor loop with only one turn, it could also be provided several turns. However, it is also sufficient in the sense of FIG. 3a-c to provide only a portion of the conductor loop provided in FIGS.
- the remaining sections of the conductor cable 23 can be laid arbitrarily.
- the input terminal 14 'of the neutral pole section 13 at the lower edge of the device ie adjacent to the input terminal 14 of the phase conductor Polate 12 to arrange. It is sufficient to effect the magnetic field amplification in question, to lay the conductor cable 23 in the form of in Fig.9 with 23 'designated upper branch or designated by 23 "lower branch of the conductor loop.
- the application of the subject invention is not limited to switching devices in which circuit breaker and residual current device function are combined. Rather, it is possible to realize the inventive principle in a multi-pole, only one of the two circuit breaker functions having switching device (three- or four-pole circuit breaker or four-pole residual current circuit breaker, each for a three-phase system).
- the switching device according to the invention is connected in the necessary manner with the voltage supply network or with the forwarding to the consumers, is on the housing of the switching device in the range of each terminal 14,15; 14 ', 15' printed, .which line to the respective terminal 14, 15; 14 ', 15' is to be connected.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein mehrpoliges Schaltgerät, bei welchem jede Polstrecke zumindest eine Eingangsklemme und eine Ausgangsklemme aufweist, welche über eine Verbindungsleitung elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind und zumindest eine Meßeinrichtung zur Erfassung des in dieser Verbindungsleitung fließenden Stromes vorgesehen ist, wobei zumindest eine Polstrecke vorgesehen ist, in deren Verbindungsleitung ein Schaltkontakt mit einem feststehenden und einem beweglichen Kontaktstück geschaltet ist, an welche Kontaktstücke sich elektrisch leitende, zwischen den Kontaktstücken entstehende Lichtbögen von diesen Kontaktstücken wegleitende Schienen anschließen.The invention relates to a multi-pole switching device in which each Polstrecke has at least one input terminal and an output terminal, which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line and at least one measuring device for detecting the current flowing in this connection line is provided, wherein at least one Polstrecke is provided in whose connecting line is a switching contact with a fixed and a movable contact piece is connected, which contact pieces are electrically conductive, resulting between the contact pieces arcs of these contact pieces leading rails connect.
Bei Schaltgeräten mit solchen als Funkenlösch-Einrichtung funktionierenden Schienen ist eine möglichst rasche Wegbewegung des bei Trennung des beweglichen vom feststehenden Kontaktstück entstehenden Lichtbogens anzustreben. Durch den Stromfluß in den Kontaktstücken, den Schienen und dem Lichtbogen entsteht ein Magnetfeld, das auf den Lichtbogen solche Kräfte ausübt, die diesen in der angeführten Weise von den Kontaktstücken weg zu bewegen versucht. Um diese Weg-Bewegung zu beschleunigen, ist es bereits bekannt, das diese Bewegung auslösende Magnetfeld durch Vorsehen von stromdurchflossenen Leitern zu verstärken.When switching devices with such functioning as a spark-extinguishing device rails as quick as possible away movement of the resulting upon separation of the movable from the fixed contact piece arc is desirable. Due to the flow of current in the contact pieces, the rails and the arc creates a magnetic field which exerts forces on the arc, which tries to move them in the manner mentioned away from the contact pieces. To accelerate this movement, it is already known to enhance the magnetic field triggering this movement by providing conductors through which current flows.
Aus der FR-A-2 627 324 ist ein einphasiger Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 mit mitgeschaltenem Neutralleiter beschrieben, wobei das Gehäuse zwei parallel liegende Kammern aufweist. In der ersten Kammer sind ein Summenstromwandler, ein mit diesem verbundenes Auslöserelais und einen Neutralleiterkreis und in der zweiten Kammer ein Phasenleiterkreis umfassend einen Schaltkontakt und eine Funkenlöschkammer sowie eine Mechanik zum manuellen Einund Ausschalten des Schalters untergebracht. Der Neutralleiterkreis weist Leitungen auf, die unmittelbar nebeneinander und so angeordnet sind, daß die in ihnen fließenden Ströme in entgegengesetzte Richtungen fließen, wodurch erreicht wird, daß die von diesen Strömen erzeugten Magnetfelder einander kompensieren, womit jeglicher Einfluß auf das Auslöserelais vermieden wird. Nachteilig dabei ist, daß die Weg-Bewegung des Lichtbobens nicht beschleunigt wird.From FR-A-2 627 324 a single-phase residual current circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 with a neutral connected is described, wherein the housing has two parallel chambers. In the first chamber, a summation current transformer, a trigger relay connected thereto and a neutral circuit and in the second chamber, a phase conductor circuit comprising a switching contact and a spark-quenching chamber and a mechanism for manually switching on and off the switch housed. The neutral circuit has leads disposed immediately adjacent to one another and so that the currents flowing in them flow in opposite directions, thereby causing the magnetic fields generated by these currents to compensate each other, thus avoiding any influence on the trigger relay. The disadvantage here is that the path-movement of the light boulder is not accelerated.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein mehrpoliges Schaltgerät der eingangs angeführten Art anzugeben, bei dem die Beschleunigung der Lichtbogen-Bewegung durch Verstärkung des diese Lichtbogen-Bewegung hervorrufenden Magnetfeldes mit besonders geringem Aufwand realisiert ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-pole switching device of the type mentioned, in which the acceleration of the arc movement by amplifying the arc-causing magnetic field is realized with very little effort.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Verbindungsleitung zumindest einer Polstrecke, die benachbart zur den Schaltkontakt aufweisenden Polstrecke liegt, zumindest abschnittsweise so geführt ist, daß das von dem im Betrieb in ihr fließenden Strom erzeugte Magnetfeld jenes Magnetfeld verstärkt, welches in der von den Kontaktstücken und den Schienen umschriebenen Fläche von dem beim Vorliegen eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontaktstücken bzw. den Schienen in den Schienen und dem Lichtbogen fließenden Strom hervorgerufen wird.According to the invention this is achieved in that the connecting line of at least one Polstrecke, which is adjacent to the switching contact having Polstrecke, at least partially so guided that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing in their current magnetic field amplifies that magnetic field, which in the of the contact pieces and the area circumscribed to the rails is caused by the current flowing in the presence of an arc between the contact pieces and the rails in the rails and the arc.
Die Verbindungsleitung zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsklemme einer Polstrecke ist ein ohnehin vorhandener Bauteil des Schaltgerätes, der zur Realisierung der Erfindung lediglich geringfügig modifiziert werden muß. Diese Modifikation liegt im Einfügen eines Leitungsstückes, wie z.B. Leiterseiles, bzw. wenn auch ein solches in der Verbindungsleitung bereits vorhanden ist, in der Veränderung dessen räumlicher Anordnung, welche notwendigenfalls mit einer geringfügigen Verlängerung dieses Leiterseiles einhergehen kann. Insgesamt führen aber all diese Maßnahmen zu einem nur geringfügigen MaterialMehraufwand und können problemlos auch in bereits vorhandene Konstruktionsweisen von Schaltgeräten eingebaut werden.The connecting line between the input and output terminal of a Polstrecke is an already existing component of the switching device, which only has to be slightly modified to implement the invention. This modification is in the insertion of a line piece, such as e.g. Conductor rope, or even if such is already present in the connection line, in the change in the spatial arrangement, which may, if necessary, be accompanied by a slight extension of this conductor cable. Overall, however, all these measures lead to only minor material overhead and can be easily installed in existing designs of switching devices.
Als besonders günstig hat es sich erwiesen, daß die Verbindungsleitung zumindest abschnittsweise etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken und den Schienen umschriebenen Fläche im Bereich deren Berandung verläuft.To be particularly favorable, it has been found that the connecting line runs at least in sections approximately parallel to the area circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails in the region of their boundary.
Das vom Strom in der Verbindungsleitung hervorgerufene Magnetfeld verläuft damit in derselben Richtung wie das vom Strom in den Schienen und dem Lichtbogen erzeugte Magnetfeld, sodaß die zu erreichende Verstärkung dieses Magnetfeldes besonders effektiv erreicht wird.The magnetic field caused by the current in the connecting line thus runs in the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails and the arc, so that the gain of this magnetic field to be achieved is achieved particularly effectively.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugt eingesetzten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Verbindungsleitung in Gestalt einer Leiterschleife ausgeführt und so angeordnet ist, daß die von ihr aufgespannte Fläche etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken und den Schienen umschriebenen Fläche liegt und diese Fläche zumindest bereichsweise überdeckt.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided that the connecting line is designed in the form of a conductor loop and arranged so that the surface spanned by it lies approximately parallel to the circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails surface and this area covers at least partially.
Dadurch läßt sich mit relativ geringem Materialaufwand eine besonders gute Verstärkung des vom Strom in den Schienen und dem Lichtbogen erzeugten Magnetfeldes erreichen.As a result, a particularly good amplification of the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails and the arc can be achieved with relatively little cost of materials.
In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, daß die von der Leiterschleife aufgespannte Fläche die von den Kontaktstücken und den Schienen umschriebene Fläche zumindest im Bereich der Kontaktstücke und im Bereich der diesen unmittelbar benachbarten Abschnitten der Schienen überdeckt.In this context, it has proved to be favorable that the surface defined by the conductor loop covers the surface circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails, at least in the region of the contact pieces and in the region of the sections immediately adjacent thereto.
Um den durch einen Lichtbogen hervorgerufenen Verschleiß der Kontaktstellen gering zu halten, ist es notwendig, den Lichtbogen aus dem Bereich der Kontaktstellen wegzuleiten, was mit dieser Anordnungsweise der Leiterschleife erreicht wird. Ist der Lichtbogen einmal in Bewegung gesetzt, bedarf es zur Aufrechterhaltung dieser Bewegung keiner bzw. nur sehr geringer Kraft. Diese geringe Kraft übt aber bereits das vom Strom in den Schienen und dem Lichtbogen erzeugte Magnetfeld allein aus, sodaß mit der eben angegebenen Anordnungsweise das Ziel der baldigen Lichtbogen-Löschung bereits erreicht wird.In order to keep the caused by an arc wear of the contact points low, it is necessary to conduct away the arc from the region of the contact points, which is achieved with this arrangement way of the conductor loop. Once the arc is set in motion, no or very little force is needed to maintain this movement. However, this small force already exerts the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails and the arc alone, so that the target of the rapid arc extinction is already achieved with the arrangement just mentioned.
Es hat sich erwiesen, daß es beim üblichen Einsatz des Schaltgerätes in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsnetzen ausreicht, die Leiterschleife mit einer Windung auszuführen, da die Stromstärken hier ausreichend hoch sind, um beim Durchfließen einer Leiterschleife mit nur einer Windung die erfindungsgemäß zu erreichende Magnetfeld-Verstärkung hervorzurufen.It has been found that it is sufficient in the usual use of the switching device in low and medium voltage networks to perform the conductor loop with one turn, since the currents are sufficiently high here to flow through a conductor loop with only one turn, the invention to be achieved magnetic field gain cause.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das erfindungsgemäße mehrpolige Schaltgerät mit zwei Polstrecken als Kombination aus Leitungsschutzschalter und Fehlerstromschutzschalter ausgeführt sein, bei welchem das bisher allgemein und nicht auf ein bestimmtes mehrpoliges Schaltgerät beschränkt beschriebenes Erfindungsprinzip verwirklicht ist. Bei diesem speziellen Schaltgerät weist die erste, zum Anschluß des Phasenleiters eines einphasigen Spannungs-Versorgungsnetzes vorgesehene Polstrecke die Meßeinrichtungen eines Leitungsschutzschalters (Überstromdetektor und Kurzschlußstrom-Detektor) sowie einen von diesen Meßeinrichtungen über eine Schaltmechanik angesteuerten Schaltkontakt und sich an das feststehende bzw. das bewegliche Kontaktstück dieses Schaltkontaktes anschließende, elektrisch leitende Schienen auf und weist die zweite zum Anschluß des Neutralleiters eines einphasigen Spannungs-Versorgungsnetzes vorgesehene Polstrecke die Komponenten einer Fehlerstrom-Erkennungsschaltung (Summenstromwandler und an dessen Sekundärwicklung angeschlossene Auswertschaltung) auf. Die Verbindungsleitungen sowohl dieser Neutralleiter-Polstrecke als auch der Phasenleiter-Polstrecke sind durch den Ringkern des Summenstromwandlers geführt und die Auswerteinrichtung wirkt auf die in der Phasenleiter-Polstrecke angeordnete Schaltmechanik ein. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Verbindungsleitung der Neutralleiter-Polstrecke durch ein Leiterseil gebildet ist, das in Gestalt einer Leiterschleife ausgeführt und so angeordnet ist, daß die von ihr aufgespannte Fläche etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken und den Schienen umschriebenen Fläche liegt und diese Fläche zumindest im Bereich der Kontaktstücke und im Bereich der diesen unmittelbar benachbarten Abschnitten der Schienen überdeckt.In a further development of the invention, the multi-pole switching device according to the invention with two pole sections can be designed as a combination of circuit breaker and residual current circuit breaker, in which the previously general and not on a particular multi-pole Switching device described limited invention principle is realized. In this particular switching device, the first provided for connecting the phase conductor of a single-phase power supply network Polstrecke the measuring devices of a circuit breaker (overcurrent detector and short-circuit current detector) and one of these measuring devices via a switching mechanism controlled switching contact and to the fixed or the movable contact piece this switching contact subsequent, electrically conductive rails and has the second provided for connecting the neutral conductor of a single-phase power supply network Polstrecke the components of a fault current detection circuit (summation current transformer and connected to the secondary winding evaluation circuit). The connecting lines of both this neutral pole path and the phase conductor Polstrecke are guided through the toroidal core of the summation current transformer and the evaluation device acts on the arranged in the phase conductor Polstrecke switching mechanism. It can be provided that the connecting line of the neutral conductor Polstrecke is formed by a conductor, which is designed in the form of a conductor loop and arranged so that the surface spanned by it is approximately parallel to the area circumscribed by the contact pieces and the rails surface and this area covered at least in the region of the contact pieces and in the region of these immediately adjacent sections of the rails.
Wie bereits oben erörtert, wird damit die zu erreichende Magnetfeldverstärkung besonders effektiv mit einem relativ geringen Aufwand erreicht.As already discussed above, so that the magnetic field gain to be achieved is achieved particularly effectively with relatively little effort.
Die Erfindung wird unter Bezugnahme auf die beigeschlossenen Zeichnungen, in welchen besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt sind, näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1 zwei stromführende Schienen 1,2 mit einem zwischen diesen brennenden Lichtbogen 3 schematisch im Grundriß;
- Fig.2 die Kontaktstücke 8,9 eines Schaltgerätes und zwei sich an diese anschließende Schienen 1,2 mit einem zwischen diesen brennenden Lichtbogen 3 schematisch im Grundriß;
- Fig.3a-c die Anordnung gemäß Fig.2 jeweils in derselben Darstellung mit einem jeweils unterschiedlich angeordneten Leiter 10 zur Verstärkung des vom Strom in den Schienen 1,2 und dem Lichtbogen 3 erzeugten Magnetfeldes;
- Fig.4a die Anordnung gemäß Fig.3a-b, wobei der dortige Leiter 10 durch eine Leiterschleife 11 ersetzt ist;
- Fig.4b die Anordnung gemäß Fig.4a mit etwas größer ausgeführter Leiterschleife 11;
- Fig.5 die Draufsicht auf ein zweipoliges, als Kombination aus Leitungsschutzschalter und
- Fehlerstromschutzschalter ausgeführtes Schaltgerät;
- Fig.6 die erste Polstrecke 12 des Schaltgerätes gemäß Fig.5 bei abgenommener Seitenschale;
- Fig.7 die zweite Polstrecke 13 des 'Schaltgerätes gemäß Fig.5 bei abgenommener Seitenschale;
- Fig.8 die Darstellung dieses Schaltgerätes in der Darstellung gemäß Fig.6 bei weggelassener Trennwand zwischen den beiden Polstrecken 12,13 und
- Fig.9 die Darstellung dieses Schaltgerätes in der Darstellung gemäß Fig.7 bei weggelassener Trennwand zwischen den beiden Polstrecken 12,13.
- Figure 1 shows two live rails 1.2 with a burning between these arc 3 schematically in plan view.
- 2 shows the contact pieces 8.9 of a switching device and two of these subsequent rails 1.2 with a burning between these arc 3 schematically in plan view;
- 3 a - c show the arrangement according to FIG. 2 in each case in the same illustration with a respectively differently arranged conductor 10 for amplifying the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails 1, 2 and the arc 3;
- 4a shows the arrangement of Figure 3a-b, wherein the local conductor 10 is replaced by a conductor loop 11;
- 4b shows the arrangement according to FIG. 4a with a somewhat larger conductor loop 11;
- 5 shows the top view of a two-pole, as a combination of circuit breaker and
- Residual current circuit breaker designed switching device;
- 6 shows the first pole section 12 of the switching device according to Figure 5 with the side shell removed;
- 7 shows the second pole section 13 of the 'switching device according to Figure 5 with the side shell removed;
- 8 shows the illustration of this switching device in the illustration of Figure 6 with omitted partition between the two Polstrecken 12,13 and
- 9 shows the illustration of this switching device in the illustration according to Figure 7 with omitted partition wall between the two Polstrecken 12,13.
Die gegenständliche Erfindung basiert auf folgendem, in Fig.1 dargestellten und an sich bekannten Prinzip:The subject invention is based on the following, shown in Figure 1 and known per se principle:
Mit 1 und 2 sind in dieser Figur elektrisch leitende, stromdurchflossene Schienen bezeichnet, zwischen welchen ein Lichtbogen 3 brennt. Der Strom durch die Schienen 1,2 und den Lichtbogen 3 erzeugt ein elektromagnetisches Feld, dessen Richtung mit den Symbolen 4 und 5 dargestellt ist. Der Lichtbogen 3 ist ein sich innerhalb dieses Feldes befindlicher stromdurchflossener Leiter, auf welchen dieses elektromagnetische Feld eine Kraft F ausübt.With 1 and 2 in this figure are electrically conductive, current-carrying rails between which an arc 3 burns. The current through the rails 1, 2 and the arc 3 generates an electromagnetic field whose direction is indicated by the symbols 4 and 5. The arc 3 is a current-carrying conductor located within this field, on which this electromagnetic field exerts a force F.
Diese Kraft F verschiebt den Lichtbogen 3 in ihre Richtung, also nach rechts in der Darstellungsweise gemäß Fig.1. Gerade bei Schaltgeräten (vgl. schematische Darstellung in Fig.2) ist es wünschenswert, einen zwischen zwei elektrisch leitenden Teilen, die bei einem Schaltgerät durch das feststehende und das bewegliche Kontaktstück 8,9 eines Unterbrechungskontaktes gebildet sind, möglichst rasch zu löschen, um die elektrische Verbindung zwischen diesen beiden Kontaktstücken 8,9 tatsächlich aufzutrennen.This force F shifts the arc 3 in their direction, ie to the right in the representation according to FIG. Especially with switching devices (see schematic illustration in Figure 2), it is desirable to delete as quickly as possible between two electrically conductive parts, which are formed in a switching device by the fixed and the movable contact piece 8.9 of an interruption contact to the actually disconnect electrical connection between these two contact pieces 8.9.
Eine Möglichkeit der Realisierung dieser raschen Löschung liegt darin, die Schienen 1,2 etwa V-förmig auszurichten (vgl. Fig.2), sodaß sich der Abstand zwischen diesen Schienen 1,2 mit zunehmendem Abstand von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 erweitert. Beim von der Kraft F veranlaßten Laufen des Lichtbogens 3 nach rechts wird dieser verlängert und reißt, wenn er genügend lang ist, ab.One way of realizing this rapid deletion is to align the rails 1, 2 approximately V-shaped (see Fig.2), so that the distance between these rails 1,2 widens with increasing distance from the contact pieces 8.9. When caused by the force F running the arc 3 to the right of this is extended and tears off, if it is sufficiently long, from.
Eine andere sehr häufig angewandte Möglichkeit der Lichtbogen-Löschung liegt im Vorsehen einer Funkenlöschkammer 6, so wie dies in Fig.1 dargestellt ist. Eine solche Einrichtung umfaßt eine Vielzahl zueinander etwa parallel verlaufender Plättchen 7, die etwa normal zum Lichtbogen 3 ausgerichtet sind. Läuft der Lichtbogen 3 in eine solche Funkenlöschkammer 6 hinein, wird er von den Plättchen 7 in eine Vielzahl seriell hintereinander geschalteter Teil-Lichtbögen unterteilt, die zwischen den Plättchen 7 anstehen.Another very frequently used possibility of arc extinguishment is the provision of a spark-quenching chamber 6, as shown in Fig.1. Such a device comprises a plurality of mutually approximately parallel platelets 7, which are aligned approximately normal to the arc 3. If the arc 3 enters such a spark quenching chamber 6, it is subdivided by the platelets 7 into a multiplicity of series-connected partial arcs, which are present between the platelets 7.
Damit ein Lichtbogen bestehen bleiben kann, muß er von einer bestimmten Mindestspannung (=Erhaltungsspannung) getrieben werden. Eine zur Erhaltung einer Serienschaltung mehrerer Teil-Lichtbögen notwendige Spannung ist höher als jene Spannung, die zur Aufrechterhaltung eines dieselbe Gesamtlänge aufweisenden Einzellichtbogens benötigt wird. Ist die Spannung zwischen den Schienen 1,2 niedriger als die Summe der Erhaltungsspannungen der Teil-Lichtbögen, kann der Lichtbogen 3 in der Funkenlöschkammer 6 gelöscht und die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Schienen 1,2 damit unterbrochen werden. Die Hinein-Bewegung des Lichtbogens in die Funkenlöschkammer 6 wird durch die oben erörterte physikalische Tatsache der Entstehung einer Kraft F auf den Lichtbogen 3, verursacht durch das Magnetfeld des Stromflusses in den Schienen 1,2 erreicht.For an arc to persist, it must be driven by a specified minimum voltage (= sustain voltage). A voltage necessary to maintain a series connection of a plurality of partial arcs is higher than the voltage required to maintain a single arc having the same total length. If the voltage between the rails 1, 2 is lower than the sum of the sustaining voltages of the partial arcs, the arc 3 in the spark-quenching chamber 6 can be extinguished and the electrical connection between the rails 1, 2 can be interrupted. The in-motion of the arc into the spark-quenching chamber 6 is achieved by the above-discussed physical fact of the generation of a force F on the arc 3 caused by the magnetic field of current flow in the rails 1,2.
In den gängigen Schaltgeräten werden die erörterten beiden Möglichkeiten der Lichtbogen-Löschung kombiniert, also die Schienen 1,2 voneinander divergierend ausgerichtet und im Bereich der von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 abgewandten Enden dieser Schienen 1,2 eine Funkenlöschkammer 6 vorgesehen, so wie dies in Fig.2 mit strichlierten Linien eingetragen ist.In the common switching devices, the two discussed possibilities of arc extinction are combined, so the rails 1.2 aligned diverging from each other and provided in the region of the contact pieces 8,9 remote ends of these rails 1,2 a spark quenching chamber 6, as in Fig.2 is entered with dotted lines.
Um die Weg-Bewegung des Lichtbogens 3 von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 in Richtung der weiter voneinander beabstandeten Enden der Schienen 1,2 und/oder die Hinein-Bewegung des Lichtbogens 3 in die Funkenlöschkammer 6 zu beschleunigen und damit eine noch raschere Lichtbogen-Löschung zu erreichen, kann in an sich bekannter Weise das den Lichtbogen 3 bewegende Magnetfeld verstärkt werden.In order to accelerate the path movement of the arc 3 of the contact pieces 8.9 in the direction of the more spaced apart ends of the rails 1.2 and / or the in-movement of the arc 3 in the spark quenching chamber 6 and thus an even faster arc extinction To achieve the magnetic field moving the arc 3 can be amplified in a conventional manner.
Dazu wird ein stromdurchflossener Leiter 10 vorgesehen, der abschnittsweise etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 und den Schienen 1,2 umschriebenen Fläche A1 verläuft (vgl. Fig.3a,b,c). Der Stromfluß in diesem Leiter 10 erzeugt ein mit den Symbolen 4', 5' dargestelltes Magnetfeld, welches sich dem innerhalb der Fläche A1 herrschenden Magnetfeld überlagert. Wird die Stromflußrichtung im Leiter 10 in der in Fig.3a,b,c dargestellten Weise gewählt, kommt es zu einer Verstärkung des Magnetfeldes in der Fläche A1.For this purpose, a current-carrying conductor 10 is provided which extends in sections approximately parallel to the area A 1 circumscribed by the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1 , 2 (see FIGS. 3 a, b, c). The current flow in this conductor 10 generates a magnetic field represented by the symbols 4 ', 5', which corresponds to the magnetic field prevailing within the area A 1 superimposed. If the current flow direction in the conductor 10 is selected in the manner shown in FIG. 3a, b, c, the magnetic field in the area A 1 is amplified.
Der genaue Verlauf des Leiters 10 ist so zu wählen, daß sich der erörterte Effekt der Magnetfeldverstärkung ergibt. Dieser Leiter 10 kann daher irgendwo im Bereich außerhalb der Fläche A1 angeordnet werden (vgl. Fig.3a,b,c). Je näher er der Fläche A1 liegt, desto größer ist natürlich die das Magnetfeld in dieser Fläche A1 verstärkende Wirkung, weshalb er bevorzugterweise im Bereich der Berandung, beispielsweise in geringem Abstand genau über einer der Schienen 1,2 liegend angeordnet wird.The exact course of the conductor 10 is to be chosen so as to give the discussed effect of magnetic field amplification. This conductor 10 can therefore be arranged anywhere in the area outside the area A 1 (see Fig. 3a, b, c). The closer it is to the surface A 1 , the greater, of course, the magnetic field in this area A 1 reinforcing effect, which is why it is preferably located in the region of the boundary, for example at a short distance lying exactly over one of the rails 1.2.
Bevorzugterweise wird wie in Fig.4a darstellt, anstelle eines einzelnen, im wesentlichen geraden Leiters 10 eine Leiterschleife 11 verwendet, welche so angeordnet ist, daß die von ihr aufgespannte Fläche A2 etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 und den Schienen 1,2 umschriebenen Fläche A1 liegt und diese Fläche A1 zumindest bereichsweise überdeckt. Die Leiterschleife 11 liegt daher koplanar über der Fläche A1. Im Bereich der Überdeckung der Flächen A1 und A2 wird das den Lichtbogen 3 in Richtung Funkenlöschkammer 6 treibende Magnetfeld verstärkt. Außerhalb dieses Überdeckungsbereiches schwächt das von der Leiterschleife 11 erzeugte Magnetfeld zwar das von Schienen 1,2 und Lichtbogen erzeugte Magnetfeld ab, was an sich zu einer geringeren Laufgeschwindigkeit des Lichtbogens 3 in diesem Bereich führt. Bei der Anordnung gemäß Fig.4 befindet sich dieser außerhalb des Überdeckungsbereiches der Flächen A1 und A2 liegende Bereich bereits in der Funkenlöschkammer 6, also in einem Bereich, in welchem der Lichtbogen 3 schon kurz vor seiner Löschung steht und daher ohnehin nicht mehr weiter bewegt werden muß.4a, instead of a single, substantially straight conductor 10, a conductor loop 11 is used, which is arranged so that the surface A 2 spanned by it is approximately parallel to the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 circumscribed area A 1 and this area A 1 at least partially covered. The conductor loop 11 is therefore coplanar over the surface A 1 . In the region of the overlap of the surfaces A 1 and A 2 , the magnetic field driving the arc 3 in the direction of the spark-quenching chamber 6 is amplified. Outside of this coverage area, the magnetic field generated by the conductor loop 11 attenuates the magnetic field generated by rails 1, 2 and arc, which in turn leads to a lower running speed of the arc 3 in this area. In the arrangement according to FIG. 4 , this region lying outside the coverage area of the areas A 1 and A 2 is already in the spark-quenching chamber 6, that is to say in an area in which the arc 3 is already shortly before its extinction and therefore no longer further must be moved.
Die günstigste Ausgestaltungsvariante der Leiterschleife 11 liegt unter Berücksichtigung der gerade gegebenen Hinweise natürlich darin, diese die gesamte Fläche A1 überdeckend auszuführen (vgl. Fig.4b).Of course, the most favorable design variant of the conductor loop 11, taking into account the information just given, is to make it cover the entire surface A 1 (see FIG. 4 b).
Die Anzahl der Windungen der Leiterschleife 11 kann beliebig hoch gewählt werden, da aber zur Weiterbewegung eines Lichtbogens 3 nur geringe Kräfte benötigt werden, reicht es aus, so wie in Fig.4a,b dargestellt, eine einzige Wicklung vorzusehen.The number of turns of the conductor loop 11 can be selected arbitrarily high, but since only small forces are required for further movement of an arc 3, it is sufficient, as shown in Fig.4a, b, to provide a single winding.
Die Erfindung setzt beim Vorsehen eines erörterten Leiters 10 bzw. einer erörterten Leiterschleife 11 zur Erhöhung der Laufgeschwindigkeit eines Lichtbogens 3 an und liegt darin, dieses Prinzip bei einem mehrpoligen Schaltgerät anzuwenden. Ein Beispiel für ein solches mehrpoliges Schaltgerät ist in den Fig.5-9 dargestellt, auf welche im folgenden Bezug genommen wird:The invention uses the provision of a discussed conductor 10 and a discussed conductor loop 11 to increase the running speed of an arc 3 and is to apply this principle in a multi-pole switching device. An example of such a multi-pole switching device is shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, to which reference is made below:
Dieses mehrpolige Schaltgerät ist zweipolig und als Kombination aus Leitungsschutzschalter und Fehlerstromschutzschalter ausgeführt. Jede Polstrecke 12,13 weist zumindest eine Eingangsklemme 14, 14' und eine Ausgangsklemme 15,15' auf. Die Eingangsklemme 14,14' jeder Polstrecke 12,13 ist mit der Ausgangsklemme 15,15' dieser Polstrecke 12,13 durch eine Verbindungsleitung elektrisch verbunden.This multi-pole switching device is bipolar and designed as a combination of circuit breaker and residual current device. Each pole section 12, 13 has at least one input terminal 14, 14 'and one output terminal 15, 15'. The input terminal 14,14 'of each Polstrecke 12,13 is electrically connected to the output terminal 15,15' of this Polstrecke 12,13 by a connecting line.
Bei der in Fig.6 bei abgenommener Seitenschale dargestellten Polstrecke 12 ist die Eingangsklemme 14 über den Bimetallstreifen 16 und über ein flexibles Leiterseil 17 mit der Kontaktbrücke 18 verbunden, welche das bewegliche Kontaktstück 9 trägt. Im eingeschalteten Zustand liegt dieses bewegliche Kontaktstück 9 am feststehenden Kontaktstück 8 an, das am Kontaktstück-Träger 19 festgelegt ist. Dieser Träger 19 ist mit dem ersten Ende der Spule 20 verbunden, deren zweites Ende über ein weiters Leiterseil 21 mit der Ausgangsklemme 15 verbunden ist.In the pole section 12 illustrated in FIG. 6 with the side shell removed, the input terminal 14 is connected via the bimetallic strip 16 and via a flexible conductor cable 17 to the contact bridge 18, which carries the movable contact piece 9. in the switched state is this movable contact piece 9 on the fixed contact piece 8, which is fixed to the contact piece carrier 19. This carrier 19 is connected to the first end of the coil 20, whose second end is connected via a further conductor 21 to the output terminal 15.
Die Spule 20 weist einen in ihrer Längsrichtung verschiebbar gelagerten Anker auf, welcher vom Magnetfeld der Spule 20 -sofern dieses aufgrund eines Kurzschlußstromes eine dafür ausreichende Stärke hat- gegen die Kontaktbrücke 18 gedrückt wird, damit die Schaltmechanik 26 ausgelöst und von dieser die Kontaktbrücke 18 verschwenkt wird. Letztendlich wird durch diese Vorgänge das beweglich Kontaktstück 9 vom feststehenden Kontaktstück 8 abgehoben. Die Spule 20 mit dem beweglichen Anker bildet den Kurzschlußstrom-Detektor des Leitungsschutzschalter-Teils des vorliegenden Schaltgerätes.The coil 20 has an armature slidably mounted in its longitudinal direction, which from the magnetic field of the coil 20 - if this has a sufficient strength due to a short-circuit current is pressed against the contact bridge 18 so that the switching mechanism 26 is triggered and pivots the contact bridge 18 of this becomes. Ultimately, the movable contact piece 9 is lifted from the stationary contact piece 8 by these operations. The coil 20 with the movable armature forms the short-circuit current detector of the circuit breaker part of the present switching device.
Der Bimetallstreifen 16 wird vom durch ihn fließenden Strom erwärmt und verbiegt sich dabei so, daß sein mit dem Leiterseil 17 verbundenes Ende nach rechts verschwenkt wird. Liegt ein zu hoher Dauerstrom vor, führt diese Verbiegung des Bimetallstreifens 16 soweit, daß über den Bügel 22 die Kontaktbrücke 18 verschwenkt und das bewegliche Kontaktstück 9 vom feststehenden Kontaktstück 8 abgehoben wird. Der Bimetallstreifen 16 bildet damit den Überstrom-Detektor des Leitungsschutzschalter-Teils des vorliegenden Schaltgerätes.The bimetal strip 16 is heated by the current flowing through it and thereby bends so that its connected to the conductor cable 17 end is pivoted to the right. If too high a continuous current, this bending of the bimetallic strip 16 to such an extent that pivots over the bracket 22, the contact bridge 18 and the movable contact piece 9 is lifted from the fixed contact piece 8. The bimetallic strip 16 thus forms the overcurrent detector of the circuit breaker part of the present switching device.
In der Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Eingangsklemme 14 und der Ausgangsklemme 15 dieser Polstrecke 12 befinden sich somit zwei den Strom durch diese Verbindungsleitung erfassende Meßeinrichtungen sowie ein Schaltkontakt (feststehendes und bewegliches Kontaktstück 8,9), auf welchen die besagten beiden Strom-Meßeinrichtungen einwirken, d.h. denselben öffnen können.In the connecting line between the input terminal 14 and the output terminal 15 of this Polstrecke 12 are thus two the current through this connecting line detecting measuring devices and a switching contact (fixed and movable contact piece 8.9) on which said two current-measuring devices act, i. open it.
Weiters sind elektrisch leitende Schienen 1,2 vorgesehen, welche sich an die Kontaktstücke 8,9 anschließen und dazu dienen, zwischen den Kontaktstücken 8,9 entstehende Lichtbögen von diesen wegzuleiten. Im Raum zwischen diesen Schienen 1,2 ist eine Vielzahl von beabstandet parallel zueinander verlaufenden elektrisch leitenden Plättchen 7 vorgesehen, welche eine Funkenlöschkammer 6 mit oben bereits erörtertem Funktionsprinzip bildet.Furthermore, electrically conductive rails 1, 2 are provided, which adjoin the contact pieces 8, 9 and serve to conduct arcing arcs between the contact pieces 8, 9 away from them. In the space between these rails 1,2 a plurality of spaced apart mutually parallel electrically conductive plate 7 is provided, which forms a spark-quenching chamber 6 with already discussed above operating principle.
Bei der zweiten Polstrecke 13, die bei abgenommener Seitenschale in Fig.7 dargestellt ist, ist die Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Eingangsklemme 14' und der Ausgangsklemme 15' von einem durchgängigen Leiterseil 23 gebildet. Dieses Leiterseil 23 und das vorher schon erwähnte, die Spule 20 der ersten Polstrecke 12 mit dessen Ausgangsklemme 15 verbindende Leiterseil 21 sind durch den Ringkern 24 eines Summenstromwandlers geführt. Die Sekundärwicklung dieses Summenstromwandlers ist mit einer Elektronik (angedeutet durch die Umrißlinie 25 der diese Elektronik tragenden Leiterplatte) verbunden, welche Elektronik das vom Summenstromwandler gelieferte Signal auswertet. Die Elektronik ist weiters mit dem auf das beweglichen Kontaktstück 9 einwirkenden Schaltmechanik verbunden, sodaß sie beim Erkennen einer unzulässig hohen Differenz zwischen den Strömen in den Leiterseilen 21 und 23 die Öffnung des Unterbrechungskontaktes 8,9 der ersten Polstrecke 12 veranlassen kann. Die zweite Polstrecke 13 beinhaltete damit die Komponenten einer Fehlerstrom-Erkennungsschaltung, gebildet aus einem Summenstromwandler und einer dessen Sekundärwicklung angeschlossener Auswertschaltung. Diese Auswertschaltung kann selbstverständlich in anderer Form, beispielsweise durch einen Permanentmagnetauslöser, realisiert sein.In the second Polstrecke 13, which is shown with removed side shell in Figure 7, the connecting line between the input terminal 14 'and the output terminal 15' is formed by a continuous conductor cable 23. This conductor cable 23 and the previously mentioned, the coil 20 of the first pole section 12 with its output terminal 15 connecting conductor 21 are guided by the toroidal core 24 of a summation current transformer. The secondary winding of this summation current transformer is connected to an electronic unit (indicated by the outline 25 of the printed circuit board carrying this electronics), which electronics evaluate the signal supplied by the summation current transformer. The electronics are further connected to the switching mechanism acting on the movable contact piece 9, so that they can cause the opening of the interruption contact 8.9 of the first pole section 12 when an unacceptably high difference between the currents in the conductor cables 21 and 23 is detected. The second Polstrecke 13 thus included the components of a residual current detection circuit formed of a summation current transformer and a secondary winding of its connected evaluation circuit. This evaluation circuit can of course be realized in another form, for example by a permanent magnet release.
Wie deutlich aus Fig.7 hervorgeht, ist das die Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Eingangsklemme 14' und der Ausgangsklemme 15' bildende Leiterseil 23 in Gestalt einer Leiterschleife, die eine Windung aufweist, ausgeführt. Diese Leiterschleife ist dabei so angeordnet, daß die von ihr aufgespannte Fläche A2 etwa parallel zur von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 und den Schienen 1,2 umschriebenen Fläche A1 liegt und diese Fläche A1 bereichsweise überdeckt.As clearly shown in Fig. 7, the conductor line 23 forming the connection line between the input terminal 14 'and the output terminal 15' is in the form of a conductor loop having a turn. This conductor loop is arranged so that the surface A 2 spanned by it lies approximately parallel to the area A 1 circumscribed by the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 , and covers this area A 1 in regions.
Diese bereichsweise Überdeckung ist insbesondere aus den Fig.8 und 9 erkennbar, bei welchen sämtliche Gehäuseteiles des Schaltgerätes, insbesondere auch die zwischen den beiden Polstrecken 12,13 liegende Trennwand, weggelassen wurden. Der Bereich, in welchem sich die Flächen A1 und A2 überdecken, liegt hier im Bereich der Kontaktstücke 8,9 und im Bereich der diesen unmittelbar benachbarten Abschnitten der Schienen 1,2.This regional overlapping can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 and 9, in which all housing parts of the switching device, in particular also the partition wall lying between the two pole sections 12, 13, have been omitted. The area in which the areas A 1 and A 2 overlap is here in the area of the contact pieces 8, 9 and in the area of the immediately adjacent sections of the rails 1, 2 .
Die erste Polstrecke 12 ist zum Anschluß des Phasenleiters L eines zweipoligen Spannungs-Versorgungsnetzes, die zweite Polstrecke 13 zum Anschluß des Neutralleiters N dieses Spannungs-Versorgungsnetzes vorgesehen. Entsteht bei der Öffnung des Schaltkontaktes ein Lichtbogen zwischen seinen Kontaktstücken 8,9 bzw. in weiterer Folge zwischen den an diese Bauteile anschließenden Schienen 1,2, so stellt dieser Lichtbogen sicher, daß zunächst auch noch im Neutralleiter N und somit im Leiterseil 23 Strom fließt. Dieser Stromfluß führt daher zur eingangs erörterten Verstärkung jenes Magnetfeldes, welches in der von den Kontaktstücken 8,9 und den Schienen 1,2 umschriebenen Fläche bei Vorliegen eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontaktstücken 8,9 bzw. den Schienen 1,2 vom in den Schienen 1,2 und dem Lichtbogen fließenden Strom hervorgerufen wird.The first Polstrecke 12 is provided for connection of the phase conductor L of a two-pole voltage supply network, the second Polstrecke 13 for connecting the neutral conductor N of this voltage supply network. Arises at the opening of the switching contact an arc between its contact pieces 8.9 and subsequently between the adjoining these components rails 1.2, so this arc ensures that initially also in the neutral conductor N and thus in the conductor cable 23 current flows , This current flow therefore leads to the initially discussed amplification of that magnetic field which is circumscribed by the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 in the presence of an arc between the contact pieces 8, 9 and the rails 1, 2 in the rails 1 , 2 and the arc flowing current is caused.
Die Erfindung ist keineswegs auf die in den Fig.6-9 dargestellte, besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform eingeschränkt. Das ihr zugrunde liegende Prinzip liegt darin, bei einem in beliebiger Weise ausgestalteten mehrpoligen Schaltgerät das oben anhand der Fig.1-4b erörterte Prinzip der Erhöhung der Lichtbogen-Laufgeschwindigkeit mit Hilfe einer ohnehin vorhandenen Verbindungsleitung einer Polstrecke, die benachbart zu einer einen Schaltkontakt mit anschließender Lichtbogen-Löscheinrichtung beinhaltenden Polstrecke liegt, zu realisieren.The invention is by no means limited to the particularly preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. Its underlying principle is, in a multipole switching device designed in any way the above discussed with reference to Fig.1-4b principle of increasing the arc speed with the help of an already existing connection line Polaus, adjacent to a one switching contact with subsequent Arc extinguishing device comprising Polstrecke is to realize.
Daraus folgt zunächst, daß die Verbindungsleitung nicht die Gestalt einer Leiterschleife mit nur einer Windung aufweisen muß, es könnten auch mehrere Windungen vorgesehen sein. Es reicht aber auch im Sinne der Fig.3a-c aus, nur einen Abschnitt der in den Fig.6-9 vorgesehenen Leiterschleife vorzusehen. Die übrigen Abschnitte des Leiterseiles 23 können beliebig verlegt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist festzuhalten, daß es üblich ist - abweichend von der in den Fig.6-9 dargestellten Ausführungsform- auch die Eingangsklemme 14' der Neutralleiter-Polstrecke 13 an der unteren Geräte-Berandung, also neben der Eingangsklemme 14 der Phasenleiter-Polstrecke 12 anzuordnen. Dabei genügt es zur Bewirkung der in Rede stehenden Magnetfeldverstärkung, das Leiterseil 23 in Gestalt des in Fig.9 mit 23' bezeichneten oberen Astes oder des mit 23" bezeichneten unteren Astes der Leiterschleife zu verlegen.It follows first that the connecting line does not have to have the shape of a conductor loop with only one turn, it could also be provided several turns. However, it is also sufficient in the sense of FIG. 3a-c to provide only a portion of the conductor loop provided in FIGS. The remaining sections of the conductor cable 23 can be laid arbitrarily. In this context, it should be noted that it is common - in contrast to the embodiment shown in Figures 6-9, the input terminal 14 'of the neutral pole section 13 at the lower edge of the device, ie adjacent to the input terminal 14 of the phase conductor Polstrecke 12 to arrange. It is sufficient to effect the magnetic field amplification in question, to lay the conductor cable 23 in the form of in Fig.9 with 23 'designated upper branch or designated by 23 "lower branch of the conductor loop.
Weiters ist die Anwendung der gegenständlichen Erfindung nicht auf Schaltgeräte beschränkt, bei denen Leitungsschutzschalter- und Fehlerstromschutzschalter-Funktion kombiniert sind. Es ist vielmehr möglich, das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip bei einem mehrpoligen, nur eine der beiden Schutzschalter-Funktionen aufweisenden Schaltgerät (drei- oder vierpoliger Leitungsschutzschalter oder vierpoliger Fehlerstromschutzschalter, jeweils für ein dreiphasiges Drehstrom-System) zu realisieren.Furthermore, the application of the subject invention is not limited to switching devices in which circuit breaker and residual current device function are combined. Rather, it is possible to realize the inventive principle in a multi-pole, only one of the two circuit breaker functions having switching device (three- or four-pole circuit breaker or four-pole residual current circuit breaker, each for a three-phase system).
Hierbei ist natürlich ein Schaltkontakt mit Lichtbogen-Löscheinrichtung nicht nur in einer der Polstrecken, sondern zumindest in sämtlichen Phasenleiter-Polstrecken, meist auch in der Neutralleiter-Polstrecke, vorgesehen sein. Dies hindert die Anwendung der gegenständlichen Erfindung nicht, auch hier wird die Verbindungsleitung einer der Polstrecken in einer der oben erörterten Weisen so geführt, daß durch den Stromfluß in dieser Verbindungsleitung jenes Magnetfeld verstärkt wird, das einen zwischen den Schienen 1,2 einer benachbarten Polstrecke anstehenden Lichtbogen bewegt.Here, of course, a switching contact with arc extinguishing device not only in one of the Polstrecken, but at least in all phase conductor Polstrecken, usually in the neutral conductor Polstrecke be provided. This does not hinder the application of the subject invention, also here the connecting line of one of the Polstrecken in one of the ways discussed above is guided so that the current flow in this connection line that magnetic field is increased, which is one between the rails 1.2 of an adjacent Polstrecke pending Arc moves.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist hinsichtlich des in den Fig.6-9 dargestellten zweipoligen FI-LS-Schalters festzuhalten, daß auch hier der Neutralleiter N unterbrechbar ausgeführt sein kann, d.h. in seiner Polstrecke 13 ein Schaltkontakt entsprechend der Bauform der ersten Polstrecke 12 eingebaut sein kann.In this connection, it should be noted with regard to the two-pole RCCB switch illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 9 that the neutral conductor N can be made interruptible here, too. in its pole section 13, a switching contact according to the design of the first pole section 12 may be installed.
Bei allen möglichen Ausführungsformen ist aber zu bedenken, daß sich die angestrebte Magnetfeldverstärkung nur dann ergibt, wenn der Strom im hierfür verwendeten Abschnitt der Verbindungsleitung die richtige Fließrichtung aufweist. Um sicherzustellen, daß das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät in der dafür notwendigen Weise mit dem Spannungs-Versorgungsnetz bzw. mit den Weiterleitungen zu den Verbrauchern verbunden wird, wird auf das Gehäuse des Schaltgerätes im Bereich jeder Klemme 14,15; 14',15' aufgedruckt, .welche Leitung an die jeweilige Klemme 14, 15; 14',15' anzuschließen ist.In all possible embodiments, however, it must be considered that the desired magnetic field amplification only results if the current in the section of the connecting line used for this purpose has the correct flow direction. To ensure that the switching device according to the invention is connected in the necessary manner with the voltage supply network or with the forwarding to the consumers, is on the housing of the switching device in the range of each terminal 14,15; 14 ', 15' printed, .which line to the respective terminal 14, 15; 14 ', 15' is to be connected.
Claims (6)
- A multipole switching device in which every pole section (12, 13) comprises at least one input terminal (14, 14') and one output terminal (15, 15') which are mutually electrically connected via a connecting lead and at least one measuring device is provided for detecting the current flowing in said connecting lead, with at least one pole section (12) being provided in whose connecting lead is switched a switching contact with a fixed (8) and a movable contact point (9), with electrically conductive rails (1, 2) being adjacent to the contact points (8, 9), which rails guide away from said contact points (8, 9) any arcs (3) arising between said contact points (8, 9), characterized in that the connecting lead between at least one pole section (13) which is situated adjacent to the pole section (12) having the switching contact (8, 9) is guided at least in sections in such a way that the magnetic field generated in operation by the current flowing in the same amplifies the magnetic field which is produced in the surface area (A1) as defined by the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2) by the current flowing in the rails (1, 2) and in the arc (3) in the case of the presence of an arc (3) between the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2).
- A multipole switching device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the connecting lead extends at least in sections slightly parallel to the surface area (A1) as defined by the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2) in the region of the edge of said surface area.
- A multipole switching device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the connecting lead is designed in the form of a conductor loop and is arranged in such a way that the surface area (A2) as defined by the same is situated approximately parallel to the surface area (A1) as defined by the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2) and covers said surface area (A1) at least in sections.
- A multipole switching device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the surface area (A2) as defined by the conductor loop covers the surface area (A1) as defined by the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2) at least in the region of the contact points (8, 9) and in the region of the sections of the rails (1, 2) which are directly adjacent to the same.
- A multipole switching device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the conductor loop comprises one winding.
- A multipole switching device as claimed in claim 1 with two pole sections (12, 13) configured as a combination of a miniature circuit-breaker and residual-current-operated circuit-breaker, with the first pole section (12), which is provided for connecting the phase conductor (L) of a single-phase voltage supply network, comprising the measuring devices of a miniature circuit-breaker (overcurrent detector and fault current detector) as well as a switching contact triggered by said measuring devices via a switching mechanism (26) and electrically conductive rails (1, 2) which are adjacent to the fixed (8) or movable contact point (9) of said switching contact (8, 9), and the second pole section (13) provided for connecting the neutral conductor (N) of a single-phase voltage supply network comprises the components of a fault-current recognition circuit (summation current transformer and evaluation circuit connected to its secondary winding), with the connecting leads both of said neutral-conductor pole section (13) as well as the phase-conductor pole section (12) being guided through the annular core (24) of the summation current transformer and the evaluation circuit acting upon the switching mechanism (26) arranged in the phase-conductor pole section (12), characterized in that the connecting lead of the neutral-conductor pole section (13) is formed by a stranded conductor and is arranged in such a way that the surface area (A2) as defined by the same is situated approximately parallel to the surface area (A1) as defined by the contact points (8, 9) and the rails (1, 2) and covers said surface area (A1) at least in the region of the contact points (8, 9) and in the region of the sections of the rails (1, 2) which are directly adjacent to said contact points.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT00890259T ATE263423T1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2000-08-25 | MULTIPLE SWITCHING DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT151599 | 1999-09-02 | ||
AT0151599A AT411408B (en) | 1999-09-02 | 1999-09-02 | MULTIPOLE SWITCH |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1081726A2 EP1081726A2 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
EP1081726A3 EP1081726A3 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
EP1081726B1 true EP1081726B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
Family
ID=3515340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00890259A Expired - Lifetime EP1081726B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2000-08-25 | Multipole switching device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1081726B1 (en) |
AT (2) | AT411408B (en) |
AU (1) | AU767299B2 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ300217B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE50005867D1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4654614A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1987-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Current limiting solenoid operated circuit breaker |
GB2192096B (en) * | 1986-05-31 | 1989-12-06 | Crabtree Electrical Ind Ltd | Circuit breaker |
FR2627324B1 (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1995-05-12 | Merlin Gerin | PASSIVE NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT BREAKER |
DE4127291C2 (en) * | 1991-08-17 | 1996-07-11 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Arc chamber for an electrical switching device |
FR2699322B1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1995-03-17 | Merlin Gerin | Modular DC circuit breaker. |
DE4315485A1 (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-17 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electrical switch |
-
1999
- 1999-09-02 AT AT0151599A patent/AT411408B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 EP EP00890259A patent/EP1081726B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-25 AT AT00890259T patent/ATE263423T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-25 DE DE50005867T patent/DE50005867D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-31 CZ CZ20003169A patent/CZ300217B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-01 AU AU55058/00A patent/AU767299B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1081726A3 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
CZ20003169A3 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
AU5505800A (en) | 2001-03-08 |
CZ300217B6 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
ATA151599A (en) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1081726A2 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
DE50005867D1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
AU767299B2 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
AT411408B (en) | 2003-12-29 |
ATE263423T1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
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