CZ300217B6 - Multipole switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multipole switching device in which each pole path (12, 13) comprises at least one input terminal (14, 14?) and at least one output terminal (15, 15?), which are electrically connected to each another by a connecting line with at least one current measurement device, wherein at least one pole path (12) connecting line includes a switching contact with a fixed (8) and moving contact member (9). The contact members (8, 9) connect connecting bus-bars (1, 2) that are electrically conducting and carry away electric arcs (3) generated between the contact members (8, 9), wherein the connecting line of at least one pole path (13), situated next to the pole path (12) having the switching contact with the contact members (8, 9) is routed at least in sections so that magnetic field generated by a current flowing therein during operation augments that magnetic field being generated in an area (Ai1) circumscribed by the contact members (8, 9) and the connecting bus-bars (1, 2) with a current when electric arc (3) is generated between the contact members (8, 9) optionally the connecting bus-bars (1, 2) in the connecting bus-bars (1, 2) and the electric arc (3).

Description

Multipole switch *

Technical field

The invention relates to a multi-pole switch in which each pole member has at least one input terminal and one output terminal which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line and at least one measuring device is provided for detecting the current flowing through the connecting line. one pole member, in whose connection line the switching id contact is connected with the fixed and movable contact members, to which contact members the electrically conductive busbars are connected. which dissipate the electric arcs formed between the contact members,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the case of switches with such busbars acting as spark arresters, it is desirable to move as quickly as possible away from the arc resulting from the separation of the movable contact member from the fixed. Due to the current flow in the contact members, the connections and the electric arc, a magnetic field is generated which acts on the electric arc by such forces that it tries to move it away from the contact portions in the present case. In order to accelerate this movement away, it is known that the magnetic field. causing this movement is amplified by adjusting the conductors flowing through the current.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a multipole switch of the type mentioned at the outset in which, at a particularly low cost, acceleration of the electric arc movement is achieved by amplifying the magnetic field inducing this arc movement.

o Summary of the Invention

According to the invention, this is achieved by a multi-pole switch in which each pole member has at least one input terminal and one output terminal, which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line, and at least one measuring device is provided to detect the current flowing through the connecting line. wherein at least one pole member is provided in the connecting line of which the switches contact the fixed and movable contact members, to which contact members the electrically conductive connections are connected. which dissipate the electric arcs formed between the contact members, which is characterized in that the connecting line of the at least one pole member, which is adjacent to the pole member having the switching contact, is guided at least in sections so that the magnetic field generated by the current This is amplified by the magnetic field which is generated by the current in the area described by the contact members and the connection device. busbars, running busbars and electric arc.

The connection line between the input and output terminals of the pole member is anyway an existing part of the switch, which has to be slightly modified in order to carry out the invention. The modification consists in connecting a conductive element, such as a stranded conductor, or even if it already exists in the connecting line, to change its spatial arrangement, which, if necessary, can be introduced by a slight extension of the stranded conductor. All these measures, however, lead to only minor material costs and can be easily integrated into existing switch designs.

It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the connecting line extends at least in sections approximately parallel to the surface described by the contact members and the connection bars. in the edge area.

C7. 300217 B6

The magnetic field induced by the current in the connection line therefore runs in the same direction as the magnetic field produced by the current in the connections and the electric arc, so that the amplification of this magnetic field that we want to achieve is achieved particularly effectively.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the connecting line is in the form of a water loop and is arranged such that the defined area lies approximately parallel to the surface described by the contact members and busbars and at least partially overlaps the surface.

In this way, a particularly good amplification of the magnetic field generated by the current in the terminals and in the electric arc can be achieved with relatively low material costs.

In this context, it has been found to be advantageous that the area defined by the conductor loop overlaps the area described by the contact members and the busbar 1, at least in the area of the contact members and the busbar section area, immediately adjacent to these adjacent ones.

In order to keep the arc contact wear of the contact points low. the electric arc must be led out of the area of the contact points. this is achieved in this way by arranging the water loop. Once the arc has been moved once, there is no or very little force required to maintain this movement. However, this small force is already exerted by the magnetic field created by the current in the busbars and in the electric arc, so that the aim of the early switching off of the electric arc is already achieved with the same arrangement.

It proved. it is sufficient for normal use of the switch in low and medium voltage networks.

to conduct a single-threaded conductor loop, since the current intensities are high enough here to cause an increase in the magnetic field to be achieved according to the invention when the conducting of a single-threaded conductor loop. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a dual-pole multipole switch made as a combination of a line protective switch and a residual current circuit breaker, in which the method of the invention described so far is described generally and not limited to a particular multi-pole switch. In this special switch, the first pole member adapted to connect a phase conductor of a single phase voltage supply network has a line protective switch measuring device (overvoltage detector and short-circuit current detector) as well as a switching contact controlled by the measuring device via the switching mechanism and electrically conductive connections. connecting to fixed or. a movable contact part of the switch contact, and has a second pole member adapted to connect the neutral conductor of the single-phase voltage supply network of the fault current identification switch component (sum current transformer and evaluation circuit connected to its secondary winding). The connecting lines not only of this neutral conductor pole but also of the phase conductor pole are guided by the annular core of the summation transformer and the evaluation device acts on a switching mechanism arranged in the pole conductor pole.

The problem is solved in such a multi-pole switchgear in that the connection line of the neutral conductor of the neutral conductor is formed by a stranded conductor which is in the form of a conductor loop and arranged so that the area delimited thereto lies approximately parallel to the area described by the contact members and the connection and at least in the region of the contact members and in the region of the connection sections, nothing overlaps with this immediately adjacent one.

As mentioned above, this achieves the amplification of the magnetic field to be moved, particularly efficiently at relatively low cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which particularly preferred exemplary embodiments are shown. It shows;

Fig. I: two current carrying bars 1, 2 with an electric arc 3 burning between them, schematically in plan view;

FIG. 2: the switch contact members 8, 9 and the two busbars 1, 2 connecting thereto, with the electric arc 3 burning therebetween, schematically in plan view;

FIGS. 3a-c: the arrangement according to FIG. 2 just in the same representation by a differently arranged conductor 10 for amplifying the magnetic field generated by the current in the busbars 1, 2 and in the arc 3;

Fig. 4a: arrangement according to Figs. 3a-b. wherein the conductor 10 is replaced by the conductor loop II;

2 (1 Fig. 4b; arrangement according to Fig. 4a with a conductor loop 11 made slightly larger;

Fig. 5: a plan view of a two pole switch made as a combination of a line circuit breaker and a residual current circuit breaker;

Fig. 6: first pole member 12 of the switch of Fig. 5 with the side jacket removed; FIG. 7 shows the second pole member 13 of the switch of FIG. 5 with the side jacket removed;

Fig. 8: a representation of this switch in the view of Fig. 6 with the separating wall between the two pole members 12, 13 removed;

FIG. 9 shows a representation of the switch in FIG. 7 with the separating wall between the two pole members 12, 13 removed.

Examples for carrying out the invention

The present invention is based on the following principle shown in FIG. 1 and known per se;

Electrically conductive busbars are indicated in this figure as i and 2. The current through the busbars E 2 and the electric arc 3 creates an electromagnetic field, the direction of which is shown by symbols 4 and 5. The electric arc 3 is a current-carrying conductor inside this field, to which the electromagnetic field a force F 1 is applied and this force F shifts the electric arc 3 in its direction, i.e. to the right in the case.

1.

It is in the case of switches (cf. schematic representation in Fig. 2) that it is desirable to extinguish the electric arc between two electrically conductive members, which in the switch consist of a fixed and movable break contact contact member 8, 9 as quickly as possible between the two contact members 8, 9.

One possibility of realizing this quick extinguishing is that. to direct the busbars 12 approximately in the manner V (cf. FIG. 2), so that the distance between these busbars 12 increases as the distance of the contact members 8, 9 increases. caused by the force F. of the electric arc 3 to the right, this extends and breaks sc when it is sufficiently long.

- j CZ 300217 B6

Another frequently used option for extinguishing an arc is to provide arc extinguishing chambers 6 as shown in FIG. 1. The lacquer device comprises a plurality of approximately parallel running plates 7 which extend approximately perpendicularly to the electricity 5 of the arc 3. When the arc 3 enters such arc extinguishing chambers 6, the plates 7 are divided into a plurality of partial arcs connected in series. that arise between the plates 7.

To maintain the arc, it must be excited by a certain minimum voltage io (holding voltage). The voltage required to maintain the series connection of several partial arcs is higher than that required to maintain a single arc having the same overall length. If the voltage between the busbar 12 is less than the sum of the maintenance voltages of the partial electric arcs, the electric arc 3 in the arc extinguishing chamber 6 can be extinguished, thereby breaking the electrical connection between the busbar 12 and 2. The arc quenching is achieved by the above-mentioned physical phenomenon of the formation of the force β on the electric arc 3 caused by the magnetic field of the current flow in the terminals 1,2.

In conventional switches, the two arc-extinguishing options are combined, i.e. the busbars 1, 2 extend divergently from each other and in the region of the ends of these busbars I, 2 away from the contact members 8. 9. an arc-extinguishing chamber 6 is provided as this is shown in dashed lines in FIG.

In order to accelerate the movement away of the arc 3 from the contact members 8, 9 in the direction away from each other, the ends of the terminals 12 and / or the movement of the arc 3 into the arc extinguishing chamber 6 and thereby achieve even quicker extinguishing of the electric arc, the magnetic field moving through the electric arc 3 can be amplified in a known manner.

For this purpose, the conductor 10, which flows through the sections, is provided approximately parallel

3o to the surface A1, described by the contact members 8, 9 and the busbars 1, 2 (cf. FIGS. 3a, b, e). The current flow in this conductor 10 generates a magnetic field, represented by symbols 4 ', 5', which translates over the magnetic field prevailing within the surface Αμ. When the current direction in the conductor 10 is selected in the manner shown in Fig. 3a, b, c to amplify the magnetic field in the area Λμ

The exact conductor 10 must be chosen such that the effect of the magnetic field amplification is obtained. This conductor 10 can therefore be located anywhere in the area outside the area A1 (cf. FIGS. 3a, b, c). The closer it is to the surface A μ, the greater the natural magnetic field effect in this surface A _t is naturally. therefore, it is preferably located in the edge region, for example lying at a small distance exactly above one of the busbars 12.

Preferably. as shown in FIG. 4a. instead of a single, substantially straight conductor 10. uses a conductor loop JJ which is arranged so that the area Αμ defined therefrom is approximately parallel to the area Λμ described by the contact members 8, 9 and the busbars i, 2 and this area A | at least partially covers. The wire loop JJ therefore lies in one plane above the surface plochouμ

In the area of overlapping areas Aj and A _? The magnetic field moving in the direction of the arc extinguishing chamber 6 is amplified. Outside this overlapping area, the magnetic field created by the conductor loop 11 attenuates the magnetic field created by the busbars h 2 and the electric arc, which in itself results in a low arc speed 3 in this area. In the arrangement according to FIG. 4, this area is already outside the overlap area of surfaces A, and A ₂ already in the arc extinguishing chamber 6, that is to say in the area in which the electric arc 3 is already a king before its extinguishing.

A favorable variant of the embodiment of the conductor loop 11 is, of course, taking into account the above-mentioned remarks, that it is carried out so that it overlaps the total area Aj (cf. FIG. 4b).

-4C'Z 300217 Bo

The number of threads of the conductor loop 11 can be chosen as high as desired, but since only small forces are required to move the conductor loop 3 further, it is sufficient, as shown in Fig. 4a, b, to provide a single thread.

? The present invention is used to provide the conductor 10 and the conductor 10, respectively. said wire loops 11 to increase the arc speed 3 and is based on the principle that this principle is applied to the multipole switch. Fig. 5-6 shows an example for such a multipole switch in which the following comparison assumes that:

io This multipole switch is a two-pole switch and is designed as a combination of a line circuit breaker and a residual current circuit breaker. Each pole member 12, 13 has at least one input terminal 14, 14 'and an output terminal 15, 15'. The input terminal 14, 14 of each pole member 12, 13 is electrically connected to the output terminal 15, 15 'of that pole member 12, by means of a connecting line.

With the pole member 12 shown in FIG. 6 with the side jacket removed, the input terminal 14 is connected via a bimetallic strip 16 and a flexible braid 17 to a contact bridge 18. In the switched-on state, the movable contact member 9 lies on a fixed contact member 8 which is mounted on the carrier 19 of the contact member. This

20, the carrier 19 is connected to a first end of the spool 20, the other end of which is connected via another flexible braid 21 to the output terminal 15.

The coil 20 has an armature displaceable in its longitudinal direction, which is the magnetic field of the coil 20, if this is due to a short-circuit current, the force sufficient for this is pushed against the con25 of the bar 18, thereby switching the switching mechanism 26 and turning the contact bridge. 18. Finally, by these processes, the movable contact member 9 is lifted from the fixed contact member 8. The movable armature coil 20 forms a short-circuit current detector of the line protective switch member of the present switch.

The bimetallic strip 16 is heated by the current flowing therethrough while bending. that its end, connected to the flexible braid E7. rotates clockwise. If there is too high a continuous current, this winding of the bimetallic strip 16 extends so far that the contact bridge 18 is rotated over the yoke 22 and that the movable contact member 9 is lifted by the fixed contact member 8. The bimetallic strip 16 thereby forms an overcurrent detector spína35 č.

Thus, in the connection line between the input terminal E4 and the output terminal 15 of this pole member 12 there are two current-capturing measuring devices as well as a make contact (fixed and movable contact member 8, 9). on which both current measuring devices act, i.e. they can open it.

Furthermore, electrically conductive busbars 1, 2 are provided, which are connected to the contact members 8, 9 and serve to refract so that the electric arcs formed between the contact members 8, 9 are led away from them. A large number of electrically conductive plates 7 extending parallel to each other are provided in the space between these baffles 1, 2. which form an arc quench chamber 6, with the principle of operation already mentioned.

In the second pole member B shown in FIG. 7, with the side jacket removed, the connecting line between the input terminal 14 'and the output terminal 12' is formed by a continuous flexible braid 23. This flexible braid 23 and flexible braid 23 are already present. the aforementioned and connecting coil 20 of the first pole member 12 with its output terminal 15. they are guided through the annular core 24 of the summation current transformer. The secondary winding of the summation current transformer is connected to the electronics (indicated by the circuit board 25 carrying the electronics), which evaluates the signal provided by the summation current transformer. The electronics is further coupled to a switching mechanism acting on the movable contact member 9, so that upon detecting an impermissibly high difference in currents in the flexible stranded conductors 20. and 23 may cause the breaker contact 8, 9 of the first pole member 12 to open. The second pole member 13 thereby retains the components of the residual current circuit breaker consisting of a summation transformer and a starter connected to its secondary winding. This evaluation circuit can, of course, be realized in another form, for example by means of a permanent magnet exciter.

As can be seen clearly from FIG. 7, the flexible stranded conductor 23 forming the connecting line between the inlet terminal 14 'and the outlet terminal 15' is in the form of a single-wire conductor loop.

This conductor loop is arranged in such a way that the area A? lies approximately parallel to area A |. described by contact members 8,9 and busbars 1. 2. and this area A partially overlaps. This partial overlap can be recognized in particular in FIGS. 8 and 9, in which all parts of the switch housing, in particular also the partition wall, have been omitted. lying between both pole i? my members J_2. ] _3. Area in which areas A, and A? Here, they lie in the area of the contact members 8, 9 and in the area of the busbar sections J, 2 immediately adjacent to them.

The first pole member 12 is adapted to connect the phase conductor L of the two pole voltage supply network, the second pole member 13 is for the connection of the neutral conductor N of this voltage supply network. If at

As soon as the switching contact is opened, an electric arc is formed between its contact members 8, 9 or, in the following sequence, between the busbars E 2 connected to these components, this electric arc ensures that the current flows first in the neutral conductor N and thus also in the flexible conductor. The current flow thus leads to the aforementioned amplification of the magnetic field which, with the current flowing through the busbars E 2 and the electric arc, is generated in the surface described by the contact members 8, 9 and the busbars 1, 2 in the presence of an electric arc. between the contact members 8, 9, respectively. busbars 1, 2.

The invention is in no way limited to the particularly preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 69. The principle on which it is based is that in the multi-pole switch carried out in any manner, the principle of FIG. increasing the speed of movement of the arc with the help of an existing connection line of the pole member adjacent to the pole member comprising a switch contact with the following arc arc quenching device.

This implies, first of all, that the connecting line need not be in the form of a wire loop with only one thread, but there may be several threads. However, in the sense of FIG. 3a c, it is sufficient to provide only one section of the conductor loop provided in FIGS. 6-9. The other sections of the conductor loop 23 sc can be laid freely. In summer, it can be observed that, unlike the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6-9, it is common to arrange the input terminal 14 ' conductors. In order to influence the amplification of the magnetic field referred to, it is sufficient to lay the flexible stranded conductor 23 in the form of the upper strand, indicated as 237 in FIG. 9 or in the form of the lower strand of the conductor loop, referred to as 23 ^f 7

Furthermore, the use of the present invention is not limited to switches in which the functions of a line protective switch and a residual current circuit breaker are combined. More often, the principle according to the invention can be implemented in a multi-pole switch having only one of the two functions of a protective switch (three- or four-pole line circuit breaker or four-pole circuit breaker for incorrect current, just for a three-phase AC system).

In this case, of course, the switching contact with the arc extinguishing device is provided not only in one of the two pole members but also in at least all of the pole conductors of the phase conductors, most preferably also in the pole element of the neutral conductor. 1 does not prevent the use of the present invention. here too, the connecting line of one of the pole members is guided by one of the abovementioned ones. The magnetic field which moves the electric arc existing between the busbars 1, 2 of the adjacent pole member is amplified by the current flow in this connection line.

In this connection, with respect to the two-pole FI LS switch shown in FIGS. 6-9, it can be observed that here also the neutral conductor N can be made without interruption, i.e., in FIG. a switch contact may be incorporated in its pole member 13 according to the method of construction of the first pole member 12.

In all possible embodiments, it should be considered that the required magnetic field gain is obtained only if the current in the section of the connecting line used for this has the right direction of flow. In order to ensure that the switch according to the invention is connected for this to the necessary supply voltage or mains supply. with additional leads to the appliances, on the switch cover in the region of each terminal 14, 11; j_4 '. 15 'is characterized by the imprint which wires are to be connected to the respective terminals

14.15; 14% 15 '.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS A multi-pole switch in which each pole member (12, 13) has at least one input terminal (14, 14 ') and one output terminal (15, 15'), which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line, and for detecting current, flowing through this connecting line, at least one measuring device is provided, wherein at least one pole member (12) is provided in which the connecting line is 25, a switch contact with a fixed (8) and movable (9) contact member is connected, to which contact members (8, 9) are connected electrically conductive connections (1, 2) which divert away the arcs (3) formed between the contact members (8, 9), shading. wherein the connecting line of at least one pole member (13) is adjacent to the pole member (12). having a make contact (8, 9), is guided at least in sections such that a magnetic field. produced by the current flowing through it, it amplifies the magnetic field in the surface (A,) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1, 2). In the event of an electric arc (3) between the contact members (8, 9) or the electric current (3), it causes a current. busbars (1.2) running busbars (1. 2), at least in the region of the contact members (8, 9) and in the region of the busbar sections (1, 2) immediately adjacent thereto. A multi-pole switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the conductor loop has 50 thread. -7GB 300217 B6 A multi-pole switch with two pole members (12, 13), constructed as a combination of a line protective switch and an earth leakage circuit breaker, the first pole member (12). adapted to connect the phase conductor (L) of a single-phase voltage supply network. has a measuring 2) and an electric arc (3). The multi-pole switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting line extends at least in sections approximately parallel to the surface (A1). described by contact members (8.9) and busbars (1.2) in the area of its edge. The multi-pole switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting line is 4o in the form of a conductor loop and so arranged that its defined surface (A ₂ ) lies approximately parallel to the surface (Aj) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1.2). and at least partially overlaps the surface. The multi-pole switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: that area (A _? ), delimited 45 wire loop, overlaps the area (A,), described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1, 5 a line protective switch device (overcurrent and short-circuit current detector) as well as a make contact (8.9) operated by these measuring devices via a switching mechanism (26). and electrically conductive busbars (1, 2), which are connected to fixed (8) or non-conductive (8) terminals. a movable contact member (9) of said switch contact (8, 9). and a second pole member (13). adapted to connect the neutral conductor (N) of a single phase voltage supply network. which has components of a residual current circuit breaker (summation current transformer and evaluation circuit connected to its secondary winding), wherein the connecting lines of both the neutral conductor pole member (13) and the phase conductor pole member (12) are guided by annular the cores (24) of the summation current transformer and the evaluation device act on the switching mechanism (26). arranged in the pole winding (12) of the phase conductor, characterized in that the connecting lead of the neutral conductor pole member (13) is formed by a flexible braided conductor (23) which is designed in the form of a conductor loop and arranged such that A?) Lies approximately parallel to the surface (A]) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1.2) and overlaps this surface (A |) at least in the area of the contact members (8, 9) and the busbar sections ( I. 2). adjacent to them.