CZ20003169A3 - Multiple switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has at least one input and one output terminal per pole path connected together via a connecting line with at least one current measurement device. At least one connecting line contains a switch with rails (1,2) for carrying away a spark between fixed (8) and movable (9) contacts. At least one adjacent line (10) is arranged so that its magnetic field (4',5') augments that (4) in the line with the switch when a spark (3) is present.

Description

(57)

A multi-pole switch in which each pole member (12, 13) has at least one input terminal (14,14 ') and one output terminal (15, 15'), which are electrically connected to each other by a connecting line, and at least one measuring device is provided for detecting the current flowing in said connecting line, wherein at least one pole member (12) is provided in the connecting line of which a switching contact is connected to a fixed (8) and movable contact member (9). The busbars (1, 2) are connected to the contact members (8, 9), which are electrically conductive and divert electric arcs (3) formed between the contact members (8, 9) from the contact members (8, 9). of the at least one pole member (13) adjacent to the pole member (12) having switching contact with the contact members (8, 9) is guided at least in sections such that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing therein amplifies the magnetic field which is induced in the surface (A,), described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1,2), by the current in the presence of an electric arc (3) between the contact members (8, 9) or. busbars (1, 2) in busbars (1, 2) and electric arc (3).

01-2410-00-Ce

Multipole switch

Area, techniques

The invention relates to a multi-pole switch in which each pole member has at least one input terminal and one output terminal which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line and at least one measuring device is provided for detecting the current flowing through the connecting line. one pole member, in whose connecting line a switching contact is connected with a fixed and movable contact member, to which the contact members are connected electrically conductive busbars, which divert away the electric arcs formed between the contact members.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the case of switches with such busbars acting as spark arresters, it is desirable to move as quickly as possible away from the arc resulting from the separation of the movable contact member from the fixed. Due to the current flow in the contact members, the busbars and the electric arc, a magnetic field is generated which acts on the electric arc by such forces that it tries to move it away from the contact portions in the present case. In order to accelerate this movement away, it is already known that the magnetic field inducing this movement is amplified by adjusting the conductors flowing through the current.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a multipole switch of the type mentioned at the outset in which, at a particularly low cost, acceleration of the electric arc movement is accomplished by amplifying the magnetic field inducing this electric arc movement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, this is achieved by a multi-pole switch in which each pole member has at least one input terminal and one output terminal electrically connected to each other via a connecting line, and at least one measuring device is provided for detecting the current flowing through the connecting line. at least one pole member is provided in the connecting line of which a make contact with a fixed and movable contact member is connected, to which contact members are connected electrically conductive busbars which divert the electric arcs formed between the contact members, of the at least one pole member adjacent to the pole member having the make contact is guided at least in sections such that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough amplifies the magnetic field which, in the surface described by the contact If there is an electric arc between the contact members or the busbars, it generates a current. busbars, running busbars and electric arc.

The connection line between the input and output terminals of the pole member is anyway an existing part of the switch, which has to be slightly modified in order to carry out the invention. This modification consists in connecting a conductive element such as a stranded conductor or a conductor. even if it already exists in the connecting line, in a change in its spatial arrangement, which, if necessary, can be introduced by a slight extension of the stranded conductor. Overall, however, all these measures lead to only minor material costs and can be easily integrated into existing switches.

construction • ·

It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the connecting line extends at least in sections approximately parallel to the surface described by the contact members and busbars in the region of its edge.

The magnetic field induced by the current in the connection line therefore runs in the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the current in the busbars and the electric arc, so that the amplification of this magnetic field which we want to achieve is achieved particularly effectively.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the connecting line is in the form of a conductor loop and is arranged such that the defined surface lies approximately parallel to the surface described by the contact members and busbars and at least partially overlaps the surface.

As a result, a particularly good amplification of the magnetic field generated by the current in the busbars and the arc can be achieved with relatively low material costs.

In this context, it has been found beneficial that the area defined by the conductor loop overlaps the area described by the contact members and busbars, at least in the area of the contact members and in the area of the busbar sections immediately adjacent to these.

In order to keep the arc contact wear of the contact points low, it is necessary to move the arc out of the contact point region, which is achieved in this way by arranging the wire loop once in motion, to maintain or very magnetic alone

If you put the arc of this movement is not needed any, small force. However, this small force is already exerted by the field created by the current in the busbars and in the electric arc, so that the aim of the early switching off of the electric arc is already achieved with the arrangement indicated.

It has been shown that, in the normal use of a switch in low and medium voltage networks, it is sufficient (to conduct a single-threaded wire loop) because the current intensities are high enough here to cause a magnetic field amplification according to the invention. we want to achieve. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a two-pole multi-pole switch made as a combination of a line protective switch and a residual current circuit breaker in which the method of the invention is described generally and not limited to a particular multi-pole switch. In this special switch, the first pole member adapted to connect the phase conductor of the single-phase voltage supply network has a line protective switch measuring device (overvoltage detector and short-circuit current detector) as well as a switching contact controlled by the measuring device via the switching mechanism and electrically conductive busbars. connecting to fixed or. a movable contact part of the switch contact, and has a second pole member adapted to connect the neutral conductor of the single-phase voltage supply network components of the fault current identification switch (summation current transformer and evaluation wiring connected to its secondary winding). The connecting lines not only of this neutral conductor pole but also of the phase conductor pole are guided by the annular core of the summation transformer and the evaluation device acts on a switching mechanism arranged in the pole conductor pole.

The problem is solved in such a multi-pole switchgear in that the connecting line of the neutral conductor of the neutral conductor is formed by a stranded conductor which is in the form of a wire loop and arranged in such a way that

the members defined therein lie at least in the region of the busbars, with these approximately parallel to the surface described and the busbars, and overlap this surface of the contact members and in the region of the sections immediately adjacent.

As mentioned above, this increases the magnetic field we want to achieve, particularly effectively at relatively low cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which particularly preferred exemplary embodiments are shown. It shows:

Fig. 1: two current carrying bars 1, 2 with an electric arc 3 burning therebetween, schematically in plan view;

FIG. 2 shows the contact members 8, 9 of the switch and two busbars 1, 2 connecting thereto, with an electric arc 3 burning therebetween, schematically in plan view;

FIGS. 3a-c: the arrangement according to FIG. 2 just in the same representation with a just differently arranged conductor 10 for amplifying the magnetic field generated by the current in the busbars 1, 2 and the electric arc 3;

Fig. 4a: arrangement according to Figs. 3a-b, wherein the conductor 10 is replaced by a conductor loop 11;

Fig. 4b: arrangement according to Fig. 4a with a conductor loop 11, made slightly larger;

Fig. 5: plan view of a two-pole switch, executed as a combination of line protective switch and protective switch

against faulty current;

FIG. 6: first side member removed with side shell;

the switch of FIG. 7: a second pole member removed with a side jacket;

Fig. 8 shows the switch shown in Fig. 6 with the separating wall between the two pole members 12, 13 removed;

Fig. 9; 7 is a representation of this switch with the separating wall between the two pole members 12, 13 removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object illustrated in the invention is based on FIG. 1 and known per se:

following principle,

In this figure, the electrically conductive busbars flowing through the current between which the arc 3 burns, the arc 3

The busbar current 1, 2 and the electric electromagnetic field, the direction of which is represented by symbols 4 and 5. The electric arc 3 is a current-carrying conductor located within this field, to which the electromagnetic field is exerted by a force δ. This force F shifts the electric arc 2 in its direction, i.e. to the right, in the case shown in FIG. 1.

It is in the case of the switches (cf. schematic representation in FIG. 2) that it is desirable to have an electric arc between two electrically conductive members, which are formed by a fixed and movable break contact contact member 8, 9 as much as possible.

extinguish as quickly as possible to actually break the electrical connection between the two contact members 8, 9.

One possibility of realizing this quick extinguishing is to direct the busbars X, 2 to approximately V (cf. FIG. 2), so that the spacing between these busbars X, 2 increases as the spacing of the contact members 2, 9 increases. by the force E, of the electric arc 2 to the right, it extends and breaks when it is sufficiently long.

Another very frequently used option for extinguishing the arc is to provide an arc extinguishing chamber 6 as shown in Figure 1. Such a device comprises a plurality of approximately parallel plates 7 extending approximately perpendicular to the arc 2. the arc 2 enters such an arc extinguishing chamber 6, divided by the plates 7 into a plurality of partial electric arcs connected in series, which arise between the plates 7.

The maintenance voltage must be maintained in order to maintain the arc.

excited by a certain minimum voltage The voltage required to maintain the series connection of several partial arcs is higher than that required to maintain a single arc having the same overall length. If the voltage between the busbars X, 2 is less than the sum of the maintenance voltages of the partial arcs, the arc 2 in the arc extinguishing chamber 6 can be extinguished, thereby breaking the electrical connection between the busbars X and 2. is achieved by the aforementioned physical phenomenon of the generation of force F on the electric arc 3, caused by the magnetic field of current flow in the busbars X, 2 In conventional switches, the two arc-extinguishing possibilities are combined. At the ends of these busbars X, 2 facing away from the contact members 8, 9, an arc extinguishing chamber 6 is provided, as shown in dashed lines in FIG.

In order to accelerate the movement away of the arc 3 from the contact members 8, 9 in the direction, further apart, of the busbar ends 1, 2, and / or the movement of the arc 3 into the arc extinguishing chamber 6, and thus achieving even quicker extinguishing of the electric arc, the magnetic field moving through the electric arc 3 can be amplified in a known manner.

For this purpose, a current conductor 10 is provided, which runs in sections approximately parallel to the surface A1, described by the contact members 8, S and the busbars X, 2 (cf. FIGS. 3a, b, c). The current flow in this conductor 10 creates a magnetic field, represented by symbols 4, 5, which translates over the magnetic field prevailing within the area A 1. If the current direction in the conductor 10 is selected in the manner shown in FIGS. 3a, b, c, the magnetic field in the area Ai is amplified.

The exact course of the conductor 10 must be chosen such that the magnetic field amplification effect is obtained. This conductor 10 can therefore be placed anywhere in the area outside the area Ai (cf. FIGS. 3a, b, c). The closer it is to the area Ai, the greater the natural magnetic field effect is naturally in this area Ai, therefore it is preferably located in the edge area, for example lying at a small distance exactly above one of the busbars X, 2.

Preferably, as shown in Fig. 4a, instead of a single substantially straight conductor 10, a wire loop XX is used, which is arranged such that the area Az, defined therefrom, lies approximately parallel to the area Ai described by φ * · · · Ovými ovými ovými - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 2. and at least partially covers this area Ai. The conductor loop 11 therefore lies in one plane above the surface A-ι. In the overlapping area of surfaces A1 and A2, the magnetic field moving through the electric arc 3 in the direction of the arc extinguishing chamber 6 is amplified. Outside this region, the overlap of the magnetic field created by the conductor loop 11 attenuates the magnetic field created by the busbars 1, 2 and the electric arc, which in itself results in a low arc speed 3 in this area. In the arrangement according to FIG. 4, this area is located outside the overlap area of the surfaces Ά1 and already in the arc extinguishing chamber 6, i.e. in the area in which the arc 2 is already shortly before extinguishing and therefore no longer needs to move.

A favorable variant of the embodiment of the conductor loop 11, naturally taking into account the above-mentioned remarks, is that it is performed so that it overlaps the total area Ά1 (cf. FIG. 4b).

The number of turns of the conductor loop 11 can be chosen as high as desired, but since only small forces are required to move the conductor loop 3 further, it is sufficient to provide a single thread as shown in Figs. 4a, b.

The present invention is used to provide said conductor 10 and / or conductor 10, respectively.

said wire loops 11 to increase the speed of travel of the electric arc 3, and is based on the principle used in a multi-pole switch. Fig. 5-6 shows an example for a multi-pole switch, in which the following comparison assumes that:

This multi-pole switch is a two-pole switch and is designed as a combination of a line circuit breaker and a residual current circuit breaker. Each pole member 12, 13 has at least one input terminal 14, 14 'and an output terminal 15, 15.

4 «t t t t t t t t t 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

The input terminal 14, 14 of each pole member 12, 13 is electrically connected to the output terminal 15, 15 of that pole member 12, 13 by means of a connecting line.

With the pole member 12 shown in FIG. 6 with the side jacket removed, the input terminal 14 is connected via the bimetallic strip 16 and via and through the braided conductor 17 to the contact bridge 18 which carries the movable contact member 9. In the switched-on state lies the movable contact member 9 on a fixed contact member which is mounted on the carrier 19 of the contact member. This carrier 19 is connected to the first end of the coil 20, the other end of which is connected via another flexible braid 21 to the output terminal 15.

The coil 20 has an anchor displaceable in its longitudinal direction, which is the magnetic field of the coil 20. If this is due to a short-circuit current, the force for this is pushed against the contact bridge 18, thereby actuating the switching mechanism 26 and rotating the contact bridge 18. Finally, by these processes, the movable contact member 3 is lifted from the fixed contact member The movable armature coil 20 forms a short circuit current detector of the line protective switch member of the present switch.

The bimetallic strip 16 is heated by the current flowing therein while bending so that its end, connected to the flexible braid 17, rotates to the right. If there is too high a continuous current, this bending of the bimetallic strip 16 extends so far that the contact bridge 18 rotates over the yoke 22 and that the movable contact member 3 is lifted by the fixed contact member.

Thus, there are two in the connection line between the inlet terminal 14 and the outlet terminal 15 of this pole member 12

99

9 9

9 * J 9

measuring device, line as well as contact member of the measuring device, capturing current through this switching contact (fixed and movable)

8, 9), on which both said current flows, i.e. they can open it.

Furthermore, electrically conductive busbars 1, 2 are provided, which are connected to the contact members 8, 9 and serve to move the electric arcs formed between the contact members 8, 9 away from them. In the space between these baffles 1, 2 there is provided a large number of electrically conductive plates 7, spaced parallel to each other, forming the arc quenching chamber 6, with the above-mentioned principle of function.

In the second pole member 13, shown in FIG. 7 with the side jacket removed, the connecting line between the inlet terminal 14 and the outlet terminal 15 is formed by a continuous flexible braid 23. This flexible braid 23 and flexible braid 21 are already present. the aforesaid and connecting coil 20 of the first pole member 12 with its output terminal 15 are guided by the annular core 24 of the summation current transformer. The secondary winding of the summation current transformer is connected to the electronics (indicated by the printed circuit board 25 carrying the electronics), which evaluates the signal provided by the summation current transformer. The electronics are further coupled to a switching mechanism acting on the movable contact member 9, so that upon detecting an impermissibly high difference in currents in the flexible stranded conductors 21 and 23, it can cause the break contact 8, 9 of the first pole member 12 to open. components of the residual current circuit breaker consisting of a summation transformer and an evaluation device connected to its secondary winding. This evaluation circuit can, of course, be realized in another form.

for example using a permanent magnet exciter.

The flexible stranded conductor is input terminal 14, and is a flexible stranded conductor.

As can be seen from Figure 7,

23 forming the connecting line between the output terminal 15, in the form of a conductor loop having a single thread. The conductor loop is arranged in such a way that the defined area A2 lies approximately parallel to the surface plochou1, described by the contact members 8, and the busbars X, 2, and partially overlaps this surface Ai.

This partial overlap can be recognized in particular in FIGS. 8 and 9, in which all parts of the switch housing, in particular also the partition wall between the two pole members 12, have been omitted. 13. The area in which the surfaces Ai and Sz overlap, the contact members 8, 9 and the busbar sections. X, X immediately adjacent to them.

The first pole member 12 is adapted to connect the phase conductor L of the two-pole voltage supply network, the second pole member 13 to connect the neutral conductor N of this voltage supply network. If, when the switch contact is opened, an electric arc arises between its contact members 8 and 8, respectively. in the following sequence between the busbars X, X connected to these components, this arc ensures that the current flows first in the neutral conductor N and thus also in the braided conductor 23. This current flow thus leads to the above mentioned amplification of this current. the magnetic field which is generated by the current flowing through the busbars X, 2 and the arc in the area described by the contact members 8, 9 and the busbars 1, X when there is an electric arc between the contact members 8, 9 and 8, respectively. busbars X, 2

The invention is in no way limited to the particularly preferred embodiment shown in Figures 6-9. The principle on which it is based is that in the multi-pole switch in any

1 to 4b, the principle of increasing the speed of movement of an electric arc with the help of an existing pole member connecting line adjacent the pole member comprising a switch contact with a subsequent arc arc quenching device.

This implies, first of all, that the connecting line does not have to be in the form of a wire loop with only one thread, but there may be several threads. However, also in the sense of FIGS. 3a-c, it is sufficient to provide only one section of the conductor loop provided in FIGS. 6-9. The other sections of the conductor loop 23 can be laid freely. In this regard, it is common to observe that, in contrast to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6-9, it is common to provide the input terminal 14 of the neutral conductor pole member 13 at the lower edge of the apparatus, i.e. next to the input terminal 14 of the phase conductor pole member. In order to influence the amplification of the magnetic field referred to, it is sufficient to lay the flexible stranded conductor 23 in the form of an upper strand, indicated as 23 in FIG. 9, or in the form of the lower strand of a conductor loop, referred to as 23 '.

Furthermore, the use of the present invention is not limited to switches in which the functions of a line protective switch and a residual current circuit breaker are combined. More often, the principle according to the invention can be implemented in a multi-pole switch having only one of the two protective switch functions (three- or four-pole line circuit breaker or four-pole circuit breaker for incorrect current, just for a three-phase AC system).

In this case, of course, the switching contact with the arc extinguishing device is provided not only in one of the two pole members, but also in at least all pole members of the phase conductors, most preferably also in the pole member of the neutral conductor. This does not prevent the use of the present invention, here too the connecting line of one of the 2-pole members is guided in one of the above-mentioned ways such that the current flow in the connecting line amplifies the magnetic field which moves the electric arc existing between the busbars 1, 2 of the adjacent pole. .

In this connection, with respect to the two-pole FI-LS switch shown in FIGS. 6-9, it can be observed that here also the neutral conductor N can be made without interruption, i.e. in FIG. a switch contact may be incorporated in its pole member 13 according to the method of construction of the first pole member 12.

In all possible embodiments, it should be considered that the required magnetic field gain is only obtained if the current in the section of the connecting line used for this has the correct flow direction. In order to ensure that the switch according to the invention is connected for this to the necessary supply voltage or mains supply. with additional leads to the appliances, on the switch housing in the region of each terminal 14, 15; 14, 15 is characterized by an imprint which wires to be connected to the respective terminals 14, 15;

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS A multi-pole switch in which each pole member (12, 13) has at least one input terminal (14, 14) and one output terminal (15, 15), which are electrically connected to each other via a connecting line, and for detecting current, flowing through said connecting line, at least one measuring device is provided, wherein at least one pole member (12) is provided in the connecting line of which a switching contact is connected to a fixed (8) and movable (9) contact member to which the contact members (8) 9) are connected to electrically conductive busbars (1, 2) which divert away the electric arcs (3) formed between the contact members (8, 9), characterized in that the connecting line of at least one pole member (13) which lies adjacent to a pole member (12) having a make contact (8, 9), is guided at least in sections such that the magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough amplifies the magnetic a field which is generated in the area (Ai) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1, 2), if there is an electric arc (3) between the contact members (8, 9) or. busbars (1, 2) with running busbars (1, 2) and electric arc (3). The multipole switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting line extends at least approximately parallel to the surface (A1) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1, 2) in the region of its edge. The multi-pole switch according to claim (1), characterized in that the connecting line is in the form of a wire loop and so arranged that its defined surface (As) lies approximately parallel to the surface (Ai) described by the contact members (8, 9). ) and busbars (1, 2), and at least partially overlaps this area. The multi-pole switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the surface (A2) defined by the conductor loop overlaps the surface (A1) described by the contact members (8, 9) and the busbars (1, 2), at least in the region of the contact members (1). 8, 9) and in the region of busbar sections (1, 2) immediately adjacent thereto. The multi-pole switch according to claim (3), characterized by a thread. by having a wire loop A multi-pole switch with two pole members (12, 13) made as a combination and a circuit breaker against a line fault circuit breaker, the first pole member (12) adapted to connect a phase conductor (L) of a single-phase voltage supply network. a line protective switch device (overcurrent and short-circuit current detector) as well as a make contact (8, 9) controlled by these measuring devices via a switching mechanism (26), and an electrically conductive busbar (1, 2) connecting to a fixed (8 ) or. a movable contact member (9) of said make contact (8, 9), and a second pole member (13) adapted to connect a neutral conductor (N) of a single-phase voltage supply network having components of a residual current circuit breaker (summation current transformer; an evaluation circuit connected to its secondary winding), wherein the connecting lines of both the neutral conductor pole member (13) and the phase conductor pole member (12) are guided by the annular cores (24) of the current transformer and the evaluation switching mechanism (26) arranged in the pole winding (12) of the phase conductor, characterized in that the connection line of the neutral conductor pole member (13) is formed by a flexible stranded conductor (23), which is provided on the totalizing measuring device, acts on * * · * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ··· ··································· způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob způsob that the surface (A2) defined by it lies approximately parallel to the surface (Ai) described by the contact members (8.9) and the busbars (1.2) and overlaps the surface (Ai) at least in the area of the contact members (8, 9) and busbar sections (1.2) adjacent to them.