EP1079177A1 - Apparatus and grate block for waste incineration - Google Patents

Abstract

The grill element thermal handling unit has a grill (10) made up of 6 x 8 grill blocks (16,18) on whose surface the waste material lies for thermal handling. The material passes continually in the transport direction (14), when it is burned or gassed. The gas supply for the has an oxygen guiding system (S) and many exit openings regulate the oxygen volume flow. The transport surface is at an angle to the horizontal, and jets for gas run in a horizontal direction along the transport direction.

Description

The invention relates to a system for thermal Treatment of waste with one of rust blocks formed rust, on the surface of which waste materials to lie on for thermal treatment, the rust Has gas passages with a gas supply for the grate surface are connected. Furthermore concerns the invention a grate block for such a system.

An installation of the type mentioned at the outset is, for example from DE 40 27 908 A1, DE 196 50 119 C1 or EP 0 621 448 B1 known. In this known system, in the in particular waste materials are burned, the in primary air flowing in the underwind chamber oxygen added to a low-pollution combustion to achieve the fuels. Furthermore, it is known due to the different levels of oxygen demand in different areas of the grate the oxygen content to vary the primary air.

An oxygen distribution corresponding to the oxygen demand profile To achieve on the grate is with the known incinerator a corresponding number Underwind chambers provided in the primary air different oxygen content flows. So that desired oxygen profile is retained, but must a mixing of the oxygenated Primary air when exiting the various Wind chambers can be prevented. Furthermore, the Primary air not too enriched with oxygen be otherwise falling into the downwind chamber Combustion residues, also called rust diarrhea, ignite unintentionally. At the same time, an adequate Volume flow of primary air into the downwind chamber flow in so that the grate cools on the one hand, and on the other hand, the danger is eliminated that at too low primary air volume flow of flammable gases from Combustion chamber back into the underwind chamber diffuse that with the added oxygen in the Form an explosive mixture under the wind chamber.

Based on this state of the art, it is the task of Invention, a plant for the thermal treatment of Waste materials or a rust block for a plant Provide targeted oxygen delivery enables and the disadvantages of the known systems not having.

The invention solves the problem by a system with the Features according to claim 1. Furthermore, the task by a grate block with the features of claim 13 solved for such a system. The inventive Plant or the grate block is both for combustion as well as for the thermal degassing of waste materials suitable.

By adding oxygen without mixing with the underwind directly in place of the oxygen demand on the grate surface there are various advantages achieved. So the restrictions for Incinerator by the limited number of Underwind chambers. The latter no longer have to go against each other be sealed if locally different Oxygen concentrations are desirable. The inflammation of rust diarrhea is avoided because in the There is only air in the underwind chamber. Therefore, with a smaller underwind volume. There pure oxygen can be supplied according to the invention, can cause both combustion and degassing higher temperature.

In the invention, only primary air flows through the Wind chamber, while for a low-pollution Additional oxygen necessary for combustion only on Place of action, on the face side, in the immediate vicinity of the Grate surface on which the combustion or degassing of Waste material takes place, is supplied. That’s it possible to target the oxygen content of the combustion air to adjust according to the respective need. Of further can be on training different Wind chambers with which the oxygen content of the Combustion air in known incineration plants to be influenced, to be waived, which also corresponding supply facilities for the primary air omitted, so that the required technical effort compared in the incinerator according to the invention with known incinerators is lower.

Further advantageous developments result from the following description, the drawing and the dependent claims.

So it is proposed to in a predetermined direction Rust several successive areas with each to define at least one outlet opening, the emerging from the exit opening of each area Oxygen volume flow is adjustable. Through this Subdivision of the grate into different areas and the is targeted regulation of the oxygen volume flow a very precise adjustment of the oxygen content of the Combustion air possible, which optimizes the amount of oxygen supplied is possible at any point. In this embodiment of the system according to the invention It is particularly beneficial if that in one area trained outlet openings at a common Section of the oxygen supply system for gas supply are connected.

At the end of the oxygen supply system of the gas supply are preferably connected several nozzles that the outlet openings for the oxygen to be supplied exhibit. It is particularly advantageous if on a combustion grate at least one nozzle each is assigned to at least one of the primary air outlets, so that the flowing through this primary air passage Primary air can be supplied with targeted oxygen. In particular, it is advantageous if the nozzle in the Primary air passage is arranged and held in this. In this way, the during the combustion of the Fuels through the nozzle as it heats up Primary air inlet cooled primary air cooled. This effect is exacerbated when the nozzle is held in a heat-conducting manner in the primary air passage, so that the amount of heat stored in the nozzle quickly to the Rust can be released.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the nozzle is like this is designed so that the emerging from the nozzle Oxygen escapes at approximately the speed of sound. In this way, the nozzle becomes blocked avoided, on the other hand, the nozzle is due to the high Flow rate of oxygen through it additionally cooled.

In a preferred embodiment of the system, the oxygen supply system of the gas supply can additionally be connected to a second gas supply, through which a gas which is less reactive than oxygen can be supplied to the outlet openings. With the help of this second gas supply, the nozzles are (also) flowed through if no O _{2 is} supplied in order to avoid blockages.

A further oxygen supply is also proposed for oxygen enrichment of the primary air to be provided in the combustion to ensure sufficient Ensure the oxygen content of the combustion air.

In a further preferred embodiment of the Plant according to the invention for the combustion of There is at least one waste material in each downwind chamber Grate element assigned, consisting of several in one predetermined direction arranged side by side, each with at least one primary air outlet Rust blocks is formed. There is on each grate block a predetermined number of rust blocks, for example on every second grate block, at least one of the Outlet openings provided. Are two or more Rust elements formed in the incinerator, it is Particularly advantageous if the zones are identical trained rust blocks are equipped, the Outlet openings next to each other across the predetermined direction arranged grate blocks on a common section of the delivery system of the Gas supply are connected. Let it this way the elements arranged side by side in the given direction in different areas divide that with different amounts of oxygen through the different sections of the oxygen delivery system be supplied.

Since the waste materials in the plant according to the invention they will be fed continuously continuously promoted and burned or degassed. Due to the decreasing oxygen demand against At the end of the grate, the oxygen supply in Direction of transport of waste materials seen accordingly specifically reduced the need.

Grate blocks are used to transport the waste materials one after the other in the specified transport direction staggered at an angle, where the grate blocks transverse to the specified transport direction Form running support edges for the fuels. On Part of the grate blocks is between a starting position and a lifting position movably mounted. Through the Movement of the grate blocks the fuel continuously transported along the grate surface. The outlet openings for oxygen according to the invention preferably on the non-moving grate blocks provided, because in this way on a complex feeding system, which would otherwise allow the grate blocks to move would have to be dispensed with.

The grate blocks of the plant according to the invention are cooled, around high temperatures caused by the use of oxygen prevent premature aging.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf ein Rostelement einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage in schematischer Darstellung;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht des Rostelementes entlang der Schnittlinie I-I in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittansicht des Rostelementes entlang der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine vergrösserte, geschnittene Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Rostblocks;

Fig. 5

eine teilweise geschnittene Draufsicht einer bei dem Rostblock nach Fig. 4 verwendeten Rohrleitungsverzweigung zur Sauerstoffversorgung;

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht auf die Rohrleitungsverzweigung nach Fig. 5 und

Fig. 7

eine vergrösserte Darstellung einer Düse der Rohrleitungsverzweigung nach Fig. 5.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. In it show:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a grate element of an inventive system in a schematic representation;

Fig. 2

a sectional view of the grate element along the section line II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of the grate element along the section line II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

an enlarged, sectional side view of a grate block according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a partially sectioned plan view of a pipe branch used in the grate block of Figure 4 for oxygen supply.

Fig. 6

a side view of the pipe branch according to Fig. 5 and

Fig. 7

5 shows an enlarged illustration of a nozzle of the pipe branch according to FIG. 5.

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a grate element 10, the a plant for the thermal treatment of waste (not shown) is arranged.

The grate element 10 is composed of up to 6x8 grate blocks 16, 18 educated. A grate has up to six zones, each with up to four grate elements arranged in parallel. The Waste materials are shown on the left in Fig. 1 Area of the grate element 10 abandoned and continuous promoted in the direction of transport 14 and burned or degassed.

2, the grate blocks 16 and 18 are in Transport direction 14 seen inclined at an angle α to the horizontal, i.e. to the transport surface of the grate, arranged. The fixed grate blocks 16 are each on a bearing block 20 here on the housing 22 one Underwind chamber 24 is pivotally mounted. It supports itself the last, seen in the transport direction 14, fixed Grate block 16 of the last in the transport direction 14 Grate element of the grate, shown on the right in Fig. 2 is, with an elevation formed on its underside 26 on a fixed support 28.

As shown in Fig. 4, one of the fixed Grate blocks 16 shown in an enlarged sectional view the grate block 16 has a first substantially L-shaped profile section 30, with a first Leg 32, a second L-shaped adjoining it Profile section 34 with which the grate block 16 is pivotally mounted on the bearing block 20. That in Fig. 4 U-shaped profile 36 shown on the right forms the Front plate 42 of the grate block 16. Between the first L-shaped and U-shaped profile are several sleeve-shaped Passages 44 arranged, of which only one in Fig. 4 see is. The sleeve-shaped passages 44 can be as Channel for primary air passages formed on the grate block 16 serve through the in the underwind chamber 24th incoming primary air is fed to the combustion chamber. The Profile section 30 forms together with a plate 46 a closed cavity in which the (not shown) water cooling is arranged. Water-cooled Grate blocks of this type are described in EP-A-0 713 056 and EP-A-0 743,488.

3 shows four fixed grate blocks 16 are arranged side by side, each grate block 16 has two Connection piece 48 and 50 with the in the profile section 30 formed cavity are connected. The one in Fig. 3 each connection piece 48 shown on the left Rust block 16 serves as a connection for one Cooling water inlet. The one shown on the right Connection piece 50 serves as a cooling water drain for the cooling water flowing in through the connecting piece 48. How Fig. 3 further shows are on the two middle Grate blocks 16 each have two pipe branches 52 and 54 attached while on the two outer ones Grate blocks 16 each have only one pipe branch 52 or 54 is provided. The two pipe branches 52 and 54 are mirror-symmetrical, see above that the description on the pipe branch 52 can be limited.

5 shows part of the oxygen supply system S. with a pipe branch 52, at the bottom of which shown end of a pipe fitting 56 is provided is. The pipe fitting 56 is with a pipe socket 58 screwed in a gastight manner from one to the other Transport direction 14 under the grate blocks 16 in the housing 22 of the downwind chamber 24 attached supply lines 60 stands out.

One connects to the pipe screw connection 56 Branch 62 on which is a straight one Pipe section and an inclined at an angle β the longitudinal direction of the second pipe section having. In the straight pipe section is a conduit 64 running in the longitudinal direction thereof used, at the end of which a nozzle 66 is attached. The Nozzle 66 also runs in the longitudinal direction of the Pipe 64, however, is inclined to that of the Branch 62 spanned plane, as shown in FIG. 6.

The second pipe section 62 is approximately half the length of the Pipe branch 52 angled such that its End section runs parallel to the conduit 64. Also here is one to the nozzle at the end of the second pipe section 66 identical nozzle 74 attached.

7 is an enlarged view of the nozzle 66 shown. The nozzle 66 is 68 on its end face beveled and has one with the conduit 64 in Connected, stepped through hole 70 on, whose section of smaller diameter in one at the End face 68 of the nozzle 66 formed outlet opening 72 ends. By reducing the flow cross-section in the through hole 70 of the nozzle 66 achieved that with appropriate line pressure in Line pipe 64 through the through hole 70th flowing gas at approximately the speed of sound from the Outlet opening 72 flows.

4 further shows, is at the transition between the Base 40 of the U-shaped profile section and the second Leg 36 formed in this a passage 76 in the the nozzle 66 or 74 is inserted. Another one Embodiment may have multiple openings to passage 76 for the primary air outlet. Instead of described line system can be used as an oxygen supply 16 channels formed in the grate block also serve for example through lines with a gas supply are connected. The nozzles 66, 74 can also each in a primary air passage.

As further shown in Fig. 3, the supply line 60 to an angled pipe adapter 78 flanged, which in turn by a straight Pipe adapter 80 to one from the underwind chamber 24 protruding flange piece 82 is connected. In the corresponding way is fixed for each further row standing grate blocks 16 an identical supply line 60 trained. 1 shows the flange piece 82 each supply line 60 each row of grate blocks 16 again with a check valve 90 and one Throttle valve 84 connected. The throttle valves 84 are in turn via line 86 to an oxygen source 92 connected. The check valves 90 and the Check valves 94 prevent inflow of Nitrogen or oxygen into the oxygen line 86 or into the nitrogen line 88.

Since each row of fixed grate blocks 16 which are transverse to Transport direction 14 are arranged side by side a common supply line 60 connected can be adjusted automatically of the oxygen volume flow with the help of everyone Throttle valves 84 assigned to supply line 60 specifically the oxygen content in the combustion air in the Area of this row of grate blocks 16 can be set.

At low oxygen pressure, nitrogen flows out of the Nitrogen source 96 under high pressure in the Supply lines 60 to block the nozzles 66 or 74 to prevent. Instead of nitrogen, too another compared to oxygen less reactive Gas can be used. To keep nozzles 66 and 74 clear on the other hand is also suitable compressed Air from the environment.

The arrangement of the nozzles 66 and 74 in the Primary air passages are also achieved by the nozzles 66 and 74 of the pipe branches 52 and 54 to Oxygen supply to be continuously cooled. The Grate blocks 16 and 18 are through the cooling water system cooled (as is known from the prior art).

Claims (16)

Plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials with a rust formed by rust blocks (10), on the surface of which the waste materials for heat treatment, the grate (10) Has gas passages with a gas supply for the grate surface, thereby characterized that the gas supply at least one Has oxygen supply system (S), the Outlet openings (72) on the front in cooled Rust blocks are arranged. System according to claim 1, characterized in that on the grate (10) in a predetermined direction (14) several successive areas with each at least one outlet opening (72) defined are, which from the outlet opening (72) each Area escaping oxygen volume flow is adjustable. System according to claim 2, characterized in that in each area at least one row of several, transversely to the predetermined direction (14) side by side trained outlet openings (72) is provided, each of the outlet openings (72) being one of the Areas at a common section (60) of the Oxygen supply system (S) are connected. System according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that that the oxygen delivery system (S) at least one primary air passage (44) has associated nozzle (66,74) at which the Outlet opening (72) is provided. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzle (66, 74) in the primary air passage (44) arranged and preferably heat conductive in it is held. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that that the nozzle (66,74) has a through hole (70), which is graded in such a way that the gas volume flow emerging from the nozzle (66, 74) at least approximately the speed of sound reached. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxygen delivery system (S) with a second gas supply (96) is connectable by which a compared with Oxygen less reactive gas to keep the Outlet openings (72) of the nozzles (66,74) in the Oxygen supply system (S) can be introduced. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that both in a supply line of the oxygen supply system (S) as well as in a feed line one check valve each for the gas supply (96) (90.94) is arranged. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each underwind chamber (24) at least one grate element (12) is assigned, that from several in a given direction (14) arranged side by side, each with at least a grate block (16, 18) is formed, one on each grate block (16) predetermined number of rust blocks (16), preferably on every second grate block (16), at least one of the Outlet openings (72) is provided. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that on a common grate block (16) provided outlet openings (72) on a common section (60) of the oxygen delivery system (S) are connected to the gas supply. Installation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least two rows of grate blocks with identically designed rust blocks (16, 18) are provided are, the outlet openings (72) each next to each other across the specified direction (14) arranged grate blocks (16) on a common Section (60) of the oxygen delivery system of Gas supply are connected. Installation according to one of the preceding claims movable and non-movable rust blocks, characterized in that the non-moving Grate blocks (16) with the outlet openings (72) are provided. Grate block for a system according to one of the preceding claims with at least one sleeve-shaped passage (44), characterized in that that in the passage at least one nozzle (66) is held at which the outlet opening (72) is designed for the oxygen to be supplied. Grate block for a plant according to claim 13, characterized characterized in that the passage (44) is a primary air passage is. Grate block according to claim 13 or 14, characterized characterized in that the nozzle (66) at a through the Grate block (16, 18) guided line (52.54) is connected to the gas supply of the Attachment is connectable. Grate block according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one further primary air passage (44) is provided in which a further nozzle (74) for the Oxygen supply is formed, and that the Line (52, 54) of the first nozzle (66) has a branch (62), which with the further nozzle (74) connected is.

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