EP1079017A2 - Strumpf mit einer nahtfrei angebrachten rutschhemmenden Beschichtung im Randbereich der oberen Öffnung - Google Patents
Strumpf mit einer nahtfrei angebrachten rutschhemmenden Beschichtung im Randbereich der oberen Öffnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1079017A2 EP1079017A2 EP00116998A EP00116998A EP1079017A2 EP 1079017 A2 EP1079017 A2 EP 1079017A2 EP 00116998 A EP00116998 A EP 00116998A EP 00116998 A EP00116998 A EP 00116998A EP 1079017 A2 EP1079017 A2 EP 1079017A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stocking
- coating
- educt
- slip
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B11/00—Hosiery; Panti-hose
- A41B11/02—Reinforcements
- A41B11/04—Reinforcements of the stocking top
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B11/00—Hosiery; Panti-hose
- A41B11/12—Means at the upper end to keep the stockings up
- A41B11/126—Means at the upper end to keep the stockings up having friction increasing means
- A41B11/128—Means at the upper end to keep the stockings up having friction increasing means in discontinuous form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/06—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for feet or legs; Corn-pads; Corn-rings
- A61F13/08—Elastic stockings; for contracting aneurisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6603—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6607—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
- D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
- D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
- D04B1/265—Surgical stockings
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
- Y10T428/24785—Edge feature including layer embodying mechanically interengaged strands, strand portions or strand-like strips [e.g., weave, knit, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
- Y10T428/24818—Knitted, with particular or differential bond sites or intersections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2344—Coating or impregnation is anti-slip or friction-increasing other than specified as an abrasive
Definitions
- the invention relates to a stocking with a seamlessly attached slip-resistant or anti-slip coating in the edge area of the upper opening of the Stocking, especially an anti-thrombosis stocking.
- Anti-slip or preventive equipment for such stockings are also known.
- anti-slip coatings for the sole area or the edge area at the stocking opening are also known.
- these coatings are based on natural and synthetic Polymers.
- amide, silicone, acrylate, vinyl and styrene compounds but also the use of rubber and latex are known.
- US 3,983,870 discloses a non-slip support for limbs, in particular a medical stocking.
- the anti-slip coating come among others Acrylates and rubbers are used.
- Urethanes are mentioned, but not disclosed are crosslinked oligomeric diols. A sewn-on adhesive edge is described in the disclosure.
- FR 2 609 889 describes a special pattern for an anti-slip tape. A description there is no seamless application of an anti-slip tape.
- WO 97/45081 discloses a stocking for medical purposes with a special one Polyurethane thread for generating compression. There is also a stripe on the ankle area appropriate. However, the seamless application of the strip is not shown.
- the object of the invention is to create a stocking with an anti-slip coating to provide, which is suitable for medical requirements and which the does not have disadvantages known from the prior art.
- the invention relates to a stocking with a seamlessly attached anti-slip or anti-slip coating in the edge area of the upper Opening the stocking with the edge of the stocking stretching from 10% to 350% produces a compression pressure of 3 to 45 mm Hg and the edge one width-related bending stiffness (DIN 53121) of at least 20 cN x mm. Furthermore, the adhesive force of the coating is in the area of the stocking opening the stocking at least 3 N / cm.
- the coating preferably contains a polyadduct with a phase 1 and a phase 2, the mass fraction of phase 1 being greater than 60% by weight.
- Phase 1 is a polyaddition product composed of at least one educt E1 and at least one educt E3, educt E1 being an oligomeric diol which has a hydroxyl number of more than 20 mg KOH / g (diol), and educt E3 being a silicone-free, at least bifunctional Reaction reactant with a molecular weight of less than 300 g / mol.
- Phase 2 is a polyaddition product composed of at least one educt E2 and at least one educt E3, the educt E2 having at least partially terminal functional groups.
- the coating has a molar ratio of the educts E3 to be crosslinked to the sum of one or more oligomeric diols (educt E1) and the proportion of further educts E2 having a quotient of 0.9 to 1.1.
- the hydroxyl number describes a measure that indicates how many milligrams of potassium hydroxide are equivalent to the amount of acetic acid that is bound by 1 g of substance during acetylation.
- the sample is generally boiled with acetic anhydride pyridine and the resulting acid is titrated with KOH solution.
- the hydroxyl number which is used to assess reactive resins, waxes, fats, oils, solvents, etc., is related, in Anglo-American studies it is identical to the acetyl number. Further information can be found in the DIN standards 53 240 (12/1971) and 53 240-2 (12/1993).
- the ratio of the mass fraction of phase 1 and phase 2 is greater than 1.5. In further advantageous versions between 1.8 and 100, particularly advantageously 2.0 to 20.
- the mass fraction of phase 1 is more preferably between 67% by weight and 98% by weight. Polyadducts with a weight fraction of 75% by weight to 98% by weight in phase 1 are particularly advantageous, 76% by weight to 95% by weight being particularly suitable.
- a modified functional anti-slip coating is due to the Foaming the same achieved.
- the anti-slip substances to be used are preferably inert Gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, noble gases, hydrocarbons or air or their mixtures foamed. In some cases, foaming has been added through thermal decomposition of gas-developing substances such as azo, carbonate and Hydrazide compounds have been found to be suitable.
- the degree of foaming ie the gas content
- the advantageous properties of the foamed coating are the good conformability even on uneven surfaces due to the elasticity and plasticity of the foamed device.
- thermoplastic anti-slip mass under high pressure at a temperature above the softening point (about 180 ° C) with the gases provided, such as nitrogen, air or carbon dioxide, in different volume fractions (about 10% by volume to 80% by volume) implemented a stator / rotor system. While the gas admission pressure is greater than 100 bar, the mixed pressures gas / thermoplastic in the system are 40 to 100 bar, preferably 40 to 70 bar.
- the anti-slip foam thus produced can then reach the application plant via a line.
- Commercially available nozzle, extruder or chamber systems are used for the application.
- the areas of the stocking coated with the anti-slip finish are permeable to water vapor and air.
- the amount of anti-slip agent required is significantly reduced without impairing the properties.
- the mass is partially on the edge area of the stocking is applied, for example by screen printing, thermal screen printing, thermoflexo printing or gravure printing, because substrates coated in full lines can cause mechanical skin irritation during application.
- the anti-slip equipment can, for example, also be sprayed on or be spun, which results in a more or less irregular order picture.
- the partial application enables the transepidermal to be removed through regulated channels Water loss and improves the evaporation of the skin when sweating in particular when using air and water vapor permeable stockings. This will cause skin irritation caused by congestion of body fluids are avoided.
- the created drainage channels enable one Derive.
- the application is preferred in the form of polygeometric domes and very particularly of domes in which the diameter to height ratio is less than 5: 1.
- other shapes and patterns can also be printed on the stocking material, for example a printed image in the form of alphanumeric character combinations or patterns such as grids, strips and zigzag lines.
- the anti-slip substance can be evenly distributed on the stocking material, but it can also be applied to the product in different thicknesses or densely to suit the function of the product.
- thermal screen printing is to use a rotating one heated, seamless, drum-shaped perforated round stencil that goes over a nozzle is loaded with the preferred mass.
- a specially shaped nozzle lip (round or Square knife) presses the mass fed through a channel through the perforation the stencil wall onto the carrier web that passes by. This is with a Speed that corresponds to the speed of rotation of the rotating sieve drum, by means of a counter pressure roller against the outer jacket of the heated sieve drum guided.
- the web / hole ratio can be less than 10: 1 be, preferably less than or equal to 1: 1, in particular equal to 1:10.
- the described mechanism of formation of the domes preferably requires absorbent or at least stocking materials wettable by the cohesive mass.
- Difficult to wet stocking surfaces have to be chemical or physical Procedure to be pretreated. This can be done through additional measures such as for example corona discharge or coating with wetting improving Substances happen.
- the size and shape of the domes can be defined.
- the base diameter of the calottes can be chosen from 10 ⁇ m to 10000 ⁇ m, the height of the calottes from 20 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, with the small diameter range for smooth stockings, the larger diameter and larger calotte height for rough ones or highly porous stocking materials is provided.
- the positioning of the calottes on the stocking is defined by the geometry of the application, which can be varied within wide limits, for example engraving or sieve geometry. With the help of the parameters shown, the desired property profile of the coating can be set very precisely, adjusted to the different carrier materials and applications.
- the stocking material is preferably at a speed of greater than 2 m / min, preferably 20 to 220 m / min, coated, the coating temperature being greater than the softening temperature is to be selected.
- the anti-slip or anti-slip mass can have a basis weight of greater than 3 g / m 2 , preferably between 6 g / m 2 and 1000 g / m 2 , very particularly preferably between 9 g / m 2 and 750 g / m 2 , on the stocking material be applied.
- basis weights 300 to 700 g / m 2 are necessary.
- small cutouts are used for the stocking edge with a high width-related bending stiffness (DIN 53121).
- the percentage of the surface partially coated with the mass should be at least 5% and can range up to approximately 95% for special products preferably 20% to 60% and 70% to 95%. This can be done if necessary Multiple application or special deformation steps can be achieved, where appropriate masses with different properties can also be used. For special hosiery applications, 10 to 50% of the coating area is equipped.
- Fabrics on a thermoplastic basis serve as anti-slip equipment are characterized by good washability, skin tolerance and thermal stability.
- the substances used have a shrinkage of less than 10% after at least five washes, at least at a washing temperature in the range from 5 to 96 ° C or at temperatures around and above 100 ° C.
- the anti-slip coating should therefore be particularly resistant to hydrolysis in the temperature range from 5 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the use of at least partially linear polymers based on crosslinked oligomeric diols (E1) is advantageous for a supple, anti-slip or anti-slip finish, because uncrosslinked oligomeric diols are little or not wash-resistant. In addition, an anti-slip or anti-slip effect cannot be determined with uncrosslinked diols.
- the oligomeric diol to be used is generally a synthesis product which is converted into an anti-slip material by polyaddition.
- oligomeric diols with a hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) of at least 20 are necessary, preferably 40 to 230 mg KOH / g, particularly preferably 65 to 224 mg KOH / g, very particularly preferably 70 to 150 mg KOH / g.
- DIN 53240 hydroxyl number
- Polyethers, special polyesters, polyacrylic and methacrylic acid compounds can be used. Polyethers based on polyethylene oxide diol, polypropylene oxide diol and polytetramethylene oxide diol are generally advantageous.
- Representatives of the second educt group (E2) are low molecular weight diols or diamines. This includes ethanediol, butanediol and hexanediol, but also various aliphatic diamines. Terminal binding of the hydroxyl or amino group in each case is also advantageous.
- the educt E2 is preferably a 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and / or a mixture of the aforementioned.
- Representatives of the third educt group (E3) also have, at least in part, terminal ones functional groups.
- the use of is particularly preferred for crosslinking one or more silicone-free bifunctional reactants with a molecular weight of less than 300 g / mol in the starting form.
- Most important representative of this Group are compounds containing epoxy and isocyanate.
- the educt is preferably E3 an aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate.
- the coating contains less than 5% by weight of allophanate groups, preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight.
- the anti-slip coating if the coating in the Temperature range from 5 ° C to 100 ° C is resistant to hydrolysis.
- the anti-slip coating can be initiated, catalytic or substances with a stabilizing effect are added.
- the coating can also contain active ingredients are added, preferably in quantitative concentrations of or Active ingredients between 0.01 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 20 wt .-%.
- the distribution of the active ingredients in the coating can be done in a thermal homogenizer such as thermomixers, thermo kneaders, roller mills or screw systems be performed.
- the addition of the active ingredient can be made in the fully prepared Coating take place, this can just as well in an intermediate stage or in the starting mixture be incorporated.
- the stocking materials can have at least one meshed elastic thread and / or have at least one woven elastic thread.
- Such stocking materials are used for the production of stockings, which in generally consist of a spatially limited tubular knitted fabric.
- Circular knitted or knitted tubular goods made of elastic are advantageous Material, especially fibers or threads.
- Starting materials serve as the basis on a natural and synthetic basis, such as polyester, polyester amide, urethane, olefins, acrylates, vinyl compounds and block copolymers, such as styrene block copolymers, as well as native or regenerated cellulose.
- the stocking equipped with the anti-slip coating should in particular at an elongation of 10% to 350% a compression pressure of 8 to 25 mm Hg build up.
- the stocking should have a pressure gradient that drops from distal to proximal.
- the relative drop in compression pressure should not exceed 80%, preferably 30% to 70%.
- the stocking is preferably less than a length 130 cm. Stockings with a length of 30 to 110 cm are particularly preferred preferably from 35 to 95 cm.
- the scope of the product in the expanded state is up to 95 cm, preferably less than 90 cm, particularly preferably from 16 to 87 cm.
- Width-related bending stiffnesses achieved of at least are advantageous 40 cN x mm, preferably 80 to 350 cN x mm, particularly preferably 100 to 180 cN x mm.
- the coating is used on an essentially anatomically shaped compression stocking, formed from at least one knitted elastic thread, the anti-slip or anti-slip coating being applied in the upper opening area of the stocking.
- the compression stocking can develop a compression force of 15 to 25 mm Hg in the lower stocking area and a compression force of 8 to 15 mm Hg in the upper stocking area, a width-related bending stiffness (DIN 53121) from 40 cN x mm to 180 cN x mm and one from proximal to have a distally decreasing pressure curve.
- the anti-slip finish here consists of 95 to 99.8% by weight of a polyadduct based on a polytetramethylene oxide diol, 1.4 butanediol and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, the weight fraction formed from polytetramethylene oxide diol and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate greater than 78% by weight .-% and the molar ratio of 4.4 -Diphenylmethane diisocyanate to the sum of polytetramethylene oxide diol and 1.4 butanediol is between and 0.96 and 1.01.
- the coating of the anti-slip or anti-slip equipment can in direct procedures and transfer procedures. That is advantageous Application from the melt, in this case there is no need to remove auxiliaries, such as in the coating from solutions or dispersions is the case.
- the polyadducts in the One-shot process ".
- the preparation of isocyanate-crosslinked oligomeric diols is particularly advantageous. Aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates with two or three terminal functional groups can be used.
- the oligomeric polyol (E1) used was melted in a forced air oven and brought to a starting temperature of 84 ° C. After this temperature had been reached, the starting material (E2) and the starting material (E3), which had also been melted and heated to 50 ° C., were added. Mixing was continued at about 120 ° C until the casting temperature was reached. The reaction mixture was then poured into a Teflon-coated tub and kept on a hot table at 120 ° C. until the 10th minute after the start of the reaction. The mixing temperature depends on the hard segment proportion. The tempering was carried out at 85 ° C for 16 hours in a forced air oven. After grinding, the granules obtained were again tempered at 110 ° C. for 5 hours. To shorten the tempering process, the polyadduct can also be prepared and granulated in an extruder.
- the proportion of allophanate groups should be a maximum of 5% by weight. Allophanate group fractions of less than 2 are preferred % By weight, a proportion of less than 0.5% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the share of reactive groups of the educt E3 should complete after the completion of the crosslinking less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3%.
- the water content in the oligomeric diol (E1) and in the starting material (E2) was less than 0.3%.
- the hydroxyl number of the oligomeric polyols is described in the table below. Diol Polyether 1 Polyether 2 Polyether 3 Polyether 4 Polyester 1 Hydroxyl number 112.9 73 46.3 112 115
- the anti-slip substance for the equipment according to the invention it is necessary to use the anti-slip substance to coat on the stocking material. This can be done directly or by transfer respectively.
- the coating can be carried out with or without interruption. In principle, there can be coating-free spots or only partial coating spots getting produced. This is about the usual coating processes such as spray, print, especially raster, engraving and screen printing possible. Another Punching, milling or cutting a full-surface coating is possible with the subsequent transfer of the anti-slip or hindering substance.
- An anatomically shaped stocking with a compression pressure of 12 mm Hg at the top opening was made by stitching nylon threads.
- the coating in the opening area was carried out at a temperature of 165 ° C.
- Eight strips of 6 mm x 30 mm were coated in a V-shape.
- the mass application was converted to one square meter and was 500 g / m 2 .
- a cross-linked oligomeric diol based on polyether was used as an anti-slip substance used.
- 1,4-butanediol and 4 ', 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate were further educts used.
- the hydroxyl number of the oligomeric diol was 73 mg KOH / g.
- the water content The 1,4-butanediol and the oligomeric diol were made according to Karl Fischer certainly. The water content was less than 0.2%.
- the oligomeric polyol (E1) used was melted in a forced air oven and brought to a starting temperature of 84 ° C. After this temperature had been reached, the starting material (E2) and the starting material (E3), which had also been melted and heated to 50 ° C., were added. Mixing was continued at about 120 ° C until the casting temperature was reached. The reaction mixture was then poured into a Teflon-coated tub and kept on a hot table at 120 ° C. until the 10th minute after the start of the reaction. The mixing temperature depends on the proportion of phase 1. The tempering was carried out at 85 ° C for 16 hours in a forced air oven. After grinding, the granules obtained were again tempered at 110 ° C. for 5 hours. Weight raw materials D Polyether 1 Polyether 2 134.61 Polyether 3 MDI 53.85 1.4 butanediol 11.54 Reference mass 200
- the rest of the isocyanate content was less than 0.1%.
- the share of the first phase had a weight fraction of 78% by weight and the molar ratio of E 3 to E1 + E2 was 0.998.
- the applied anti-slip polyadduct is very cuddly. After ten Washes at 95 ° C showed an almost unchanged anti-slip effect. The coating did not become detached or dissolved after the wash cycles detected. The anti-slip finish is silicone-free and not sticky. The bending stiffness was 45 cN x mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Dies ist nicht nur unvorteilhaft hinsichtlich der Kosten, sondern auch für das Handling in der Fertigung. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch die Flexibilität in der Produktgestaltung sowie die Festigkeit des Verbundes. Weiter bildet dieser Rand, welcher in der Regel aus einem anderen Material besteht, einen Schutz gegen das Umschlagen der Kante.
Phase 1 ist ein Polyadditionsprodukt aus mindestens einem Edukt E1 und mindestens einem Edukt E3 ist, wobei Edukt E1 ein oligomeres Diol darstellt, welches eine Hydroxylzahl von mehr als 20 mg KOH/g (Diol) aufweist, und wobei Edukt E3 ein silikonfreies, zumindest bifunktionelles Reaktionsedukt mit einem Molekulargewicht von weniger als 300 g/mol ist.
Die Beschichtung weist ein Stoffmengenverhältnis der zu vernetzenden Edukte E3 zu der Summe aus einem oder mehreren oligomeren Diolen (Edukt E1) und dem Anteil weiterer Edukte E2 einen Quotienten von 0,9 bis 1,1 auf.
Die Hydroxylzahl, die zur Beurteilung von Reaktionsharzen, Wachsen, Fetten, Ölen, Lösungsmitteln usw. dient, ist verwandt, in angloamerikanischen Untersuchungen identisch mit der Acetylzahl.
Weiterführende Angaben lassen sich in den DIN-Normen 53 240 (12/1971) und 53 240-2 (12/1993) finden.
Weiter vorzugsweise ist der Masseanteil von Phase 1 zwischen 67 Gew. -% und 98 Gew.-%. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Polyaddukte mit Gewichtsanteil von 75 Gew.-% bis 98 Gew.-% in der Phase 1, besonders geeignet 76 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-%.
Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der geschäumten Beschichtung sind die gute Anschmiegsamkeit auch an unebenen Flächen durch die Elastizität und Plastizität der geschäumten Vorrichtung.
Während der Gasvordruck größer 100 bar ist, betragen die Mischdrucke Gas/Thermoplast im System 40 bis 100 bar, bevorzugt 40 bis 70 bar. Der so hergestellte Antirutschschaum kann anschließend über eine Leitung in das Auftragswerk gelangen. Bei dem Auftragswerk finden handelsübliche Düsen-, Extruder- oder Kammersysteme Verwendung.
Durch die Schäumung der Beschichtung und die dadurch entstandenen offenen Poren in der Masse sind bei Verwendung eines an sich porösen Strumpfmaterials die mit der rutschhemmenden Ausrüstung beschichteten Bereiche des Strumpfes gut wasserdampf- und luftdurchlässig. Die benötigte Antirutschmittelmenge wird erheblich reduziert ohne Beeinträchtigung und Wirkungsweise der Eigenschaften.
Die rutschhemmende Substanz kann gleichmäßig auf dem Strumpfmaterial verteilt sein, sie kann aber auch funktionsgerecht für das Produkt über die Fläche unterschiedlich stark oder dicht aufgetragen sein.
Die Positionierung der Kalotten auf dem Strumpf wird durch die in weiten Grenzen variierbare Geometrie des Auftragswerkes, zum Beispiel Gravur- oder Siebgeometrie, definiert festgelegt. Mit Hilfe der aufgezeigten Parameter kann über einstellbare Größen das gewünschte Eigenschaftsprofil der Beschichtung, abgestimmt auf die verschiedenen Trägermaterialien und Anwendungen, sehr genau eingestellt werden.
Die rutschhemmende Beschichtung sollte also ganz besonders im Temperaturbereich von 5 °C bis 100 °C hydrolysebeständig sein.
Das einzusetzende oligomere Diol ist in der Regel ein Syntheseprodukt, welches durch Polyaddition zu einem rutschhemmenden Material umgesetzt wird. Für die spezielle Verwendung als rutschhemmende oder -hindernde Substanz sind oligomere Diole mit einer Hydroxylzahl (DIN 53240) von mindestens 20 notwendig, bevorzugt 40 bis 230 mg KOH/g, besonders bevorzugt 65 bis 224 mg KOH/g, ganz besonders bevorzugt 70 bis 150 mg KOH/g. Bei der Auswahl der Diole ist auf die ausreichende Hydrolysebeständigkeit zu achten. Polyether, spezielle Polyester, Polyacryl- und Methacrylsäureverbindungen sind verwendbar. Generell sind Polyether auf Basis von Polyethylenoxiddiol, Polypropylenoxiddiol und Polytetramethylenoxiddiol vorteilhaft.
Vorzugsweise ist das Edukt E2 ein 1,2-Ethandiol, 1,4 Butandiol, 1,6 Hexandiol und/oder eine Mischung aus den vorgenannten.
Typische verabreichbare Stoffe sind hierbei:
Die rutschhemmende Ausrüstung besteht hier zu 95 bis 99,8 Gew.-% aus einem Polyaddukt auf Basis eines Polytetramethylenoxiddiol, 1,4 Butandiol und 4,'4 Diphenylmethandiisocyanat, wobei der Gewichtsanteil gebildet aus Polytetramethylenoxiddiol und 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat größer 78 Gew.-% ist und das Stoffmengenverhältnis von 4,4-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat zu der Summe aus Polytetramethylenoxiddiol und 1,4 Butandiol zwischen und 0,96 und 1,01 beträgt.
- Figur 1
- zeigt einen Auftrag mit V-Form,
- Figur 2
- zeigt einen Auftrag in X-Form,
- Figur 3
- zeigt einen Auftrag in Linienform,
- Figur 4
- zeigt ebenfalls einen Auftrag in Linienform, wobei die Linien eine Neigung aufweisen und dichter gesetzt sind als in Figur 3, und
- Figur 5
- stellt eine Kombination des Auftrages in
Zur Verkürzung des Tempervorganges kann das Polyaddukt auch in einem Extruder aufbereitet und granuliert werden.
Einwaage | |||||
Rohstoffe | A | B | C | D | E |
Polyether 1 | 129,32 | 128,57 | |||
Polyether 2 | 134,61 | ||||
Polyether 3 | 162,72 | 144,47 | |||
MDI | 60,09 | 60,84 | 31,63 | 53,85 | 45,03 |
1,4 Butandiol | 10,59 | 10,59 | 5,64 | 11,54 | 10,50 |
Bezugsmasse | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Einwaage | |||
Rohstoffe | F | G | H |
Polyether 4 | 135,9 | ||
Polyester 1 | 129 | 143,61 | |
MDI | 54,24 | 60,5 | 51,06 |
1,4Butandiol | 10,5 | 5,32 | |
1,6 Hexandiol | 9,86 | ||
Bezugsmasse | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Diol | |||||
Polyether 1 | Polyether 2 | Polyether 3 | Polyether 4 | Polyester 1 | |
Hydroxylzahl | 112,9 | 73 | 46,3 | 112 | 115 |
Einwaage | |
Rohstoffe | D |
Polyether 1 | |
Polyether 2 | 134,61 |
Polyether 3 | |
MDI | 53,85 |
1,4 Butandiol | 11,54 |
Bezugsmasse | 200 |
Claims (16)
- Strumpf mit einer nahtfrei angebrachten rutschhemmenden Beschichtung im Randbereich der oberen Öffnung des Strumpfes, wobeider Rand des Strumpfes bei einer Dehnung von 10 % bis 350 % einen Kompressionsdruck von 3 bis 45 mm Hg erzeugt sowie der Rand eine breitenbezogene Biegesteifigkeit (DIN 53121) von mindestens 20 cN x mm aufweistund im Bereich der Strumpföffnung die Haftkraft der Beschichtung auf dem Strumpf mindestens 3 N/cm beträgt.
- Strumpf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung beinhaltet ein Polyaddukt mit einer Phase 1 und einer Phase 2, wobei der Masseanteil von Phase 1 größer 60 Gew.-% ist,Phase 1 ein Polyadditionsprodukt aus mindestens einem Edukt E1 und mindestens einem Edukt E3 ist, wobei Edukt E1 ein oligomeres Diol darstellt, welches eine Hydroxylzahl von mehr als 20 mg KOH/g (Diol) aufweist, und wobei Edukt E3 ein silikonfreies, zumindest bifunktionelles Reaktionsedukt mit einem Molekulargewicht von weniger als 300 g/mol ist,Phase 2 ein Polyadditionsprodukt aus mindestens einem Edukt E2 und mindestens einem Edukt E3 ist, wobei das Edukt E2 wenigstens teilweise endständige funktionelle Gruppen aufweist unddie Beschichtung ein Stoffmengenverhältnis der zu vernetzenden Edukte E3 zu der Summe aus einem oder mehreren oligomeren Diolen (Edukt 1) und dem Anteil weiterer Edukte E2 einen Quotienten von 0,9 bis 1,1 aufweist.
- Strumpf nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strumpf zumindest einen vermaschten elastischen Faden und/oder zumindest einen verwebten elastischen Faden beinhaltet.
- Strumpf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung im Temperaturbereich von 5 °C bis 100 °C hydrolysebeständig ist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung einen Schäumungsgrad von zumindest 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere 5 bis 85 Vol.-%, bevorzugt 10 bis 75 Vol.-%, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 60 Vol.-% beträgt.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung weniger als 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-% Allophanatgruppen beinhaltet.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung auf dem Strumpfrand in Form von Stäbchen, Linien, in V-Form, in S-Form, in Z-Form und/oder deren Kombinationen aufgetragen ist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis vom Edukt 3 zu der Summe der Edukte 1 und Edukte 2 zwischen 0,91 und 1,05, besonders bevorzugt 0,92 bis 1,02 liegt.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gewichtsanteil der Phase 1 wenigstens 72 %' bevorzugt 75 bis 98 % besonders bevorzugt 76 bis 95 % beträgt.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oligomere Diol ein Polyetherdiol, insbesondere ein Polytetramethylenoxiddiol oder Polyethylenoxiddiol oder deren Mischungen ist, eine Hydroxylzahl von 40 bis 230 mg KOH/g, bevorzugt 65 bis 224 mg KOH/g, besonders bevorzugt 70 bis 150 mg KOH/g, aufweist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Edukt E2 ein 1,2-Ethandiol, 1,4 Butandiol, 1,6 Hexandiol und/oder eine Mischung aus den vorgenannten ist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Edukt E3 ein aliphatisches oder aromatisches Diisocyanat ist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strumpf bei einer Dehnung von 10% bis 350% einen Kompressionsdruck von 8 bis 25 mm Hg aufbaut.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strumpf einen von distal nach proximal abfallenden Druckverlauf aufweist.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rand des Strumpfes eine breitenbezogene Biegesteifigkeit (DIN 53121) von mindestens 40 cN x mm aufweist, bevorzugt zwischen 80 und 350 cN x mm, ganz besonders bevorzugt 100 bis 180 cN x mm.
- Strumpf nach mindestens einem vorangegangenen Anspruch, gebildet aus mindestens einem gemaschten elastischen Faden, mit einer rutschhemmenden oder rutschverhindernden Beschichtung im oberen Öffnungsbereich des Strumpfes, mit einer Kompressionskraft von 15 bis 25 mm Hg im unteren Strumpfbereich und einer Kompressionskraft von 8 bis 15 mm Hg im oberen Strumpfbereich, einer breitenbezogenen Biegesteifigkeit (DIN 53121) von 40 cN x mm bis 180 cN x mm, einen von proximal nach distal abfallenden Druckverlauf aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rutschhemmende Ausrüstung zu 95 bis 99,8 Gew.-% ein Polyaddukt auf Basis eines Polytetramethylenoxiddiol, 1,4 Butandiol und 4,4-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat besteht, wobei der Gewichtsanteil gebildet aus Polytetramethylenoxiddiol und 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat größer 78 Gew.-% ist und das Stoffmengenverhältnis von 4,4
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DE19940018 | 1999-08-24 | ||
DE19940018A DE19940018A1 (de) | 1999-08-24 | 1999-08-24 | Strumpf mit einer nahtfrei angebrachten rutschhemmenden Beschichtung im Randbereich der oberen Öffnung |
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EP00116998A Withdrawn EP1079017A3 (de) | 1999-08-24 | 2000-08-08 | Strumpf mit einer nahtfrei angebrachten rutschhemmenden Beschichtung im Randbereich der oberen Öffnung |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US6673421B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1079017A3 (de) |
AU (1) | AU776616B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19940018A1 (de) |
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WO2016022345A1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-11 | Bsn Medical , Inc. | Therapeutic medical compression garment and method |
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DE10148127B4 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-02-05 | Saric, Krunoslav, Dr. | Kompressionsmanschette zur Behandlung von Extremitäten |
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FR2902608A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-28 | Dbapparel Operations Soc Par A | Article tricote chaussant,notamment mi-bas relaxants |
FR2930708A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-06 | Ganzoni France Soc Par Actions | Bande auto-fixante de maintien et de contention notamment pour bas de contention |
WO2009138672A3 (fr) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-02-18 | Ganzoni & Cie Ag | Bande auto-fixante de maintien et de contention notamment pour bas de contention |
US10194700B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2019-02-05 | Ganzoni & Cie Ag | Self-adhesive posture and splinting band in particular for compression stocking |
WO2016022345A1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-11 | Bsn Medical , Inc. | Therapeutic medical compression garment and method |
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EP3430923A1 (de) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-23 | DeCo-Vision BVBA | Medizinische strumpfe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1079017A3 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
US6673421B1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
AU5343300A (en) | 2001-03-22 |
AU776616B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
DE19940018A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
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