EP1078129B1 - Double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course - Google Patents

Double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1078129B1
EP1078129B1 EP00915174A EP00915174A EP1078129B1 EP 1078129 B1 EP1078129 B1 EP 1078129B1 EP 00915174 A EP00915174 A EP 00915174A EP 00915174 A EP00915174 A EP 00915174A EP 1078129 B1 EP1078129 B1 EP 1078129B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ranging
weight
bituminous
filler
quantity ranging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00915174A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1078129A1 (en
Inventor
Paolo Italia
Luigi D'elia
Mauro Da Via
Elio Diani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eni SpA
Versalis SpA
Original Assignee
Eni SpA
Polimeri Europa SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eni SpA, Polimeri Europa SpA filed Critical Eni SpA
Publication of EP1078129A1 publication Critical patent/EP1078129A1/en
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Publication of EP1078129B1 publication Critical patent/EP1078129B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E01C11/226—Coherent pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E01C7/182—Aggregate or filler materials, except those according to E01C7/26

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course, its use in motor racing circuits and road paving, means and method for its preparation.
  • the wearing courses used in motor racing circuits, highways, national and urban roads with heavy traffic require good mechanical properties, a high grip and surface regularity. These properties are traditionally obtained using "closed” wearing courses, i.e. with reduced content of residual voids. This solution however is of no help during rainfall.
  • Draining pavements as disclosed in EP-A-0 381 903 are mainly characterized by a high percentage of residual voids (>18%) obtained by adopting inert products with a discontinuous granulometric curve which ensures, with respect to a closed pavements, the following advantages:
  • modified bitumens having a reduced thermal susceptibility, high elasticity, high tack to inert products and good aging resistance, combined with this double-layered structure, allows the following advantages to be obtained:
  • the upper layer in fact, obtained with stone agglomerates having reduced dimensions, owing to its texture, acts as a sieve for the impurities present on the road surface.
  • the larger impurities are withheld on the surface without blocking the pores and can be mechanically removed by the passage of vehicles.
  • the finer impurities penetrate through both layers and can be easily eliminated by rain water through the larger holes of the lower layer.
  • the present invention relates to a double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course as defined by claim 1 made up of:
  • the upper layer of the draining and sound-absorbing wearing course preferably has a thickness ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm and consists of:
  • the lower layer of the draining and sound-absorbing wearing course preferably has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 cm and consists of:
  • the stone aggregates which can be used consist of healthy, hard granular elements, in a non-flattened, elongated or lenticular form, clean and without foreign matter, according to regulation C.N.R. 139/1992.
  • the fillers are those conventionally used for the production of conglomerates. They are generally powders with a particle size of less than 0.125 mm.
  • fillers suitable for the purpose of the present invention comprise calcium carbonate and cement.
  • bituminous ligand is selected from modified bitumens having the characteristics indicated in table 2.
  • a modified bitumen containing SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene polymers obtained, for example, as described in U.S. patent 5,756,563, or, for example of the type sold by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A. under the trade-name of ELIFLEX®.
  • the sound-absorbency characteristics determined by means of sound level measurements, not only indicate a decrease in noise outside the vehicle, but also a reduction thereof inside the vehicle of over 3 decibel.
  • bituminous conglomerate is prepared under heating in a suitable plant by putting the stone aggregate, the bitumen and filler in contact with each other in the appropriate quantities.
  • the temperature and mixing time are generally selected in relation to the materials and climatic conditions during the laying. In any case, the mixing conditions are selected so as to obtain a conglomerate having an adequate laying temperature to allow effective rolling.
  • the pavement of the present invention is prepared by:
  • a water-proofing membrane is then laid on top of the base layer to protect it from the infiltration of rain water.
  • This membrane consists of modified bitumen, preferably a bitumen identical to that used for the preparation of the conglomerates, suitably saturated with grit or filler.
  • bituminous conglomerate is then laid on top of this membrane to obtain a first lower layer having the characteristics described above.
  • bituminous conglomerate is laid using slightly staggered vibratory finishers in parallel thus avoiding, or in any case reducing, longitudinal joints. These should be particularly treated (flanking and compaction) to avoid stagnation of rain or reduction in the draining capacity.
  • the rolling is carried out using the conventional techniques.
  • the draining and sound-absorbing wearing course of the present invention is particularly suitable for the paving of motor racing circuits and heavy traffic roads.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Moving Of Heads (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a draining and sound-absorbing wearing course consisting of two layers having a different thickness, made up of modified bitumen and inert products having particular characteristics. This wearing course can be used for paving motor racing circuits highways, national and urban roads.

Description

The present invention relates to a double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course, its use in motor racing circuits and road paving, means and method for its preparation.
The wearing courses used in motor racing circuits, highways, national and urban roads with heavy traffic require good mechanical properties, a high grip and surface regularity. These properties are traditionally obtained using "closed" wearing courses, i.e. with reduced content of residual voids. This solution however is of no help during rainfall.
In fact, the rain stagnates on the surface with a consequent reduction in tyre grip (aquaplaning) also causing water spray which reduces the visibility.
In order to solve these drawbacks, "open" wearing courses, also called draining pavements, were developed, whose use in road paving began on a wide scale towards the mid-eighties' and was applied to highways, national and urban roads.
Draining pavements as disclosed in EP-A-0 381 903 are mainly characterized by a high percentage of residual voids (>18%) obtained by adopting inert products with a discontinuous granulometric curve which ensures, with respect to a closed pavements, the following advantages:
  • improvement in tyre grip on wet surfaces;
  • decrease in water spray generated by tyres in the case of rain;
  • elimination of aquaplaning;
  • reduction in the sound level outside the car owing to the absorption of acoustic energy;
  • reduction in the luminous reflection at night.
With respect to closed wearing courses, however, these pavements have a reduced structural resistance and a tendency towards rapid fouling, which blocks the voids and consequently reduces the draining capacity.
The use of these draining pavements consequently does not seem to be very suitable for particular applications, such as for example, the paving of motor racing circuits, on which there are greater problems of structural resistance and fouling.
It has now been found that the drawbacks of the known art discussed above can be overcome by the use of an open wearing course consisting of two layers have different thicknesses and different granulometric curves of the stone aggregates (inert products).
In particular, the use of modified bitumens having a reduced thermal susceptibility, high elasticity, high tack to inert products and good aging resistance, combined with this double-layered structure, allows the following advantages to be obtained:
  • (a) an improved crushing strength with respect to the traditional draining pavements;
  • (b) a reduction in the sound impact non only externally but, surprisingly, also inside the vehicle;
  • (c) a draining capacity which decreases more slowly with time;
  • (d) a lesser tendency towards fouling (pore blockage).
    • The upper layer, in fact, obtained with stone agglomerates having reduced dimensions, owing to its texture, acts as a sieve for the impurities present on the road surface. In this way the larger impurities are withheld on the surface without blocking the pores and can be mechanically removed by the passage of vehicles. The finer impurities penetrate through both layers and can be easily eliminated by rain water through the larger holes of the lower layer.
    In accordance with this, the present invention relates to a double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course as defined by claim 1 made up of:
  • (1) an upper layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
  • (a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 10 mm in a quantity ranging from 88 to 98% by weight;
  • (b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 12% by weight;
  • (c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a) and (b) and
  • (2) a lower layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 7 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
  • (a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 20 mm in a quantity ranging from 85 to 98% by weight;
  • (b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 15% by weight;
  • (c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a') and (b').
    • The upper layer of the draining and sound-absorbing wearing course preferably has a thickness ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm and consists of:
  • (a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 7.1 mm in a quantity ranging from 90 to 95% by weight;
  • (b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
  • (c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a) and (b).
    • The lower layer of the draining and sound-absorbing wearing course preferably has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 cm and consists of:
  • (a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 15 mm in a quantity ranging from 90 to 95% by weight;
  • (b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
  • (c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a') and (b').
    • The stone aggregates which can be used consist of healthy, hard granular elements, in a non-flattened, elongated or lenticular form, clean and without foreign matter, according to regulation C.N.R. 139/1992.
    These aggregates typically have the characteristics indicated in table 1.
    Properties Regulation Specification
    Quantity of crushed product CNR 34/73 100%
    Weight loss (Los Angeles test) CNR 140/92 <18%
    Accelerated levigation coefficient (A.L.C.) CNR 95/84 > 0.45
    Flattening coefficient CNR 95/84 < 1.58
    Form coefficient CNR 95/84 < 3
    Sensitivity to freezing CNR 80/80 < 20%
    Stripping in water at 40°C CNR 138/92 0%
    The fillers are those conventionally used for the production of conglomerates. They are generally powders with a particle size of less than 0.125 mm.
    Examples of fillers suitable for the purpose of the present invention comprise calcium carbonate and cement.
    The bituminous ligand is selected from modified bitumens having the characteristics indicated in table 2.
    Properties Regulation Specification
    Penetration at 25°C [0.1 mm] CNR 24/71 30-90
    Softening point [°C] CNR 35/73 > 60
    Fraass Breaking point [°C] CNR 43/74 < -15
    Elastic flow at 25°C [%] DIN 52013 > 50
    A modified bitumen having a softening point of over 80°C and an elastic flow at 25°C higher than 80%, is preferably used.
    Particularly preferred is a modified bitumen containing SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) polymers obtained, for example, as described in U.S. patent 5,756,563, or, for example of the type sold by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A. under the trade-name of ELIFLEX®.
    Some of the characteristics of the pavements of the present invention are indicated in table 3.
    Properties Regulation Specific.
    Marshall stability CNR B.U. Nr.30 > 7kN
    Marshall residual holes CNR B.U. Nr.30 > 20%
    Permeability in situ -- >20 l/min
    Cantabro weight loss (300 revs) -- < 15%
    The sound-absorbency characteristics, determined by means of sound level measurements, not only indicate a decrease in noise outside the vehicle, but also a reduction thereof inside the vehicle of over 3 decibel.
    The bituminous conglomerate is prepared under heating in a suitable plant by putting the stone aggregate, the bitumen and filler in contact with each other in the appropriate quantities.
    The temperature and mixing time are generally selected in relation to the materials and climatic conditions during the laying. In any case, the mixing conditions are selected so as to obtain a conglomerate having an adequate laying temperature to allow effective rolling.
    The pavement of the present invention is prepared by:
  • (i) the laying of a first lower layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 7 cm and consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
  • (a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 20 mm in a quantity ranging from 85 to 98% by weight;
  • (b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 15% by weight;
  • (c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a') and (b'); and
  • (ii) the curing of this first layer; and
  • (iii) the laying on said first layer of a second upper layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
  • (a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 10 mm in a quantity ranging from 88 to 98% by weight;
  • (b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 12% by weight;
  • (c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in table 2 in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components (a) and (b).
    • In practice, before proceeding with the laying of the conglomerate, all the usual operations are effected for its preparation, consisting in milling the damaged layer, profiling and cleaning.
    A water-proofing membrane is then laid on top of the base layer to protect it from the infiltration of rain water.
    This membrane consists of modified bitumen, preferably a bitumen identical to that used for the preparation of the conglomerates, suitably saturated with grit or filler.
    The bituminous conglomerate is then laid on top of this membrane to obtain a first lower layer having the characteristics described above.
    After laying the lower draining layer, it is advisable to allow a curing time of not less than two days before proceeding with the laying of the upper layer.
    The bituminous conglomerate is laid using slightly staggered vibratory finishers in parallel thus avoiding, or in any case reducing, longitudinal joints. These should be particularly treated (flanking and compaction) to avoid stagnation of rain or reduction in the draining capacity.
    The rolling is carried out using the conventional techniques.
    The draining and sound-absorbing wearing course of the present invention is particularly suitable for the paving of motor racing circuits and heavy traffic roads.

    Claims (12)

    1. A double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course each layer of the wearing course consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises
      a) a stone aggregate ,
      b) a filler,
      c) a bituminous ligand,
      said double layer wearing course being characterised in that it consists of:
      1) an upper layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
      a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 10 mm in a quantity ranging from 88 to 98% by weight;
      b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 12% by weight;
      c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics penetration at 25°C [0.1mm] CNR 24/71 30-90, Softening point [°C] CNR 35/73 > 60, Fraas Breaking point [°C] CNR 43/74 < -15, Elastic flow at 25° [%] DIN 52013 > 50
      in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a) and b) and
      2) a lower layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 7 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
      a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 20 mm in a quantity ranging from 85 to 98% by weight;
      b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 15% by weight;
      c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated at point c) in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a') and b').
    2. The wearing course according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer has a thickness ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm and consists of:
      a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 7.1 mm in a quantity of 90 to 95% by weight;
      b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
      c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in claim 1 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a) and b).
    3. The wearing course according to claim 1, wherein the lower layer has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 cm and consists of:
      a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 15 mm in a quantity of 90 to 95% by weight;
      b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
      c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in claim 1 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a) and b).
    4. The wearing course according to claim 1, wherein the stone aggregates consist of healthy, hard granular elements, in a non-flattened, elongated or lenticular form, clean and without foreign matter.
    5. The wearing course according to claim 1, wherein the filler is selected from calcium carbonate and cement.
    6. The wearing course according to claim 1, wherein the bituminous ligand is a modified bitumen containing styrene-butadiene-styrene polymers.
    7. The wearing course according to claim 1, .wherein the lower layer is coupled with a water-proofing membrane consisting of modified bitumen saturated with grit or filler.
    8. The wearing course according to claims 1 to 7, used for the paving of motor racing circuits, highways, national and urban roads.
    9. A method for the preparation of the double-layered draining and sound-absorbing wearing course according to claim 1 which comprises:
      i) the laying of a first lower layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 7 cm and consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
      a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 20 mm in a quantity ranging from 85 to 98% by weight;
      b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 15% by weight;
      c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics penetration at 25°C [0.1mm] CNR 24/71 30-90, Softening point [°C] CNR 35/73 > 60, Fraas Breaking point [°C] CNR 43/74 < -15, Elastic flow at 25° [%] DIN 52013 > 50
      in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a') and b'); and
      ii) the curing of this first layer; and
      iii) the laying on said first layer of a second upper layer having a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 cm consisting of a bituminous conglomerate which comprises:
      a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 10 mm in a quantity ranging from 88 to 98% by weight;
      b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 2 to 12% by weight;
      c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated at point c') in a quantity ranging from 3.5 to 5.5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a) and b).
    10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the lower layer has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 cm and consists of:
      a') a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.125 to 15 mm in a quantity ranging from 90 to 95% by weight;
      b') a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
      c') a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in claim 9 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a') and b').
    11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the upper layer has a thickness ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm and consists of:
      a) a stone aggregate consisting of elements with dimensions ranging from 0.075 to 7.1 mm in a quantity ranging from 90 to 95% by weight;
      b) a filler in a quantity ranging from 5 to 10% by weight;
      c) a bituminous ligand having the characteristics indicated in claim 9 in a quantity ranging from 4 to 5% by weight with respect to the sum of components a) and b).
    12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the lower layer is laid on a water-proofing membrane consisting of modified bitumen saturated with grit or filler.
    EP00915174A 1999-03-12 2000-03-08 Double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course Expired - Lifetime EP1078129B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    ITMI990503 1999-03-12
    IT1999MI000503A IT1311890B1 (en) 1999-03-12 1999-03-12 DOUBLE LAYER DRAINING AND SOUND ABSORBING WEAR, AND HALF EMETHODES FOR ITS PREPARATION.
    PCT/EP2000/002046 WO2000055428A1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-03-08 Double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course, and means and method for its preparation

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1078129A1 EP1078129A1 (en) 2001-02-28
    EP1078129B1 true EP1078129B1 (en) 2005-05-04

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00915174A Expired - Lifetime EP1078129B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-03-08 Double layer draining and sound-absorbing wearing course

    Country Status (9)

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    EP (1) EP1078129B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE294899T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU3657700A (en)
    DE (1) DE60019858T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2237416T3 (en)
    HU (1) HU227312B1 (en)
    IT (1) IT1311890B1 (en)
    PT (1) PT1078129E (en)
    WO (1) WO2000055428A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB2373277B (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-07-07 Civil & Ind Products Ltd Improved road surfacing
    NL1024493C2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-15 Bam Wegen B V Sound-reducing road surface construction comprises, when viewed in upward direction, dense foundation layer, coarse open asphalt concrete with pore content of at least 20 per cent and at least 80 per cent of the granulate has granular size
    CN111021188B (en) * 2019-12-19 2022-03-08 上海浦东路桥(集团)有限公司 High-water-permeability long-acting luminous pavement structure

    Family Cites Families (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2643094B1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1991-06-07 Beugnet Sa COVER BASED ON LARGE CALIBRATE AGGREGATE AND HYDROCARBON BINDER FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENT BASES, AS WELL AS POROUS PAVEMENT, IN PARTICULAR DRAINAGE AND NOISE RESISTANCE OBTAINED FROM SUCH A COAT
    FR2768162B3 (en) * 1997-09-08 1999-07-16 Saada Sa POROUS FLOOR STRUCTURE

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ITMI990503A1 (en) 2000-09-12
    AU3657700A (en) 2000-10-04
    IT1311890B1 (en) 2002-03-20
    ES2237416T3 (en) 2005-08-01
    WO2000055428A1 (en) 2000-09-21
    HU227312B1 (en) 2011-03-28
    HUP0102081A2 (en) 2001-10-28
    ATE294899T1 (en) 2005-05-15
    EP1078129A1 (en) 2001-02-28
    PT1078129E (en) 2005-07-29
    DE60019858T2 (en) 2006-02-16
    DE60019858D1 (en) 2005-06-09
    HUP0102081A3 (en) 2002-01-28

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