EP1077923A1 - An improved synthesis and purification of (r*,r*)-2- (dimethylamino) methyl]-1-( 3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride - Google Patents
An improved synthesis and purification of (r*,r*)-2- (dimethylamino) methyl]-1-( 3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochlorideInfo
- Publication number
- EP1077923A1 EP1077923A1 EP99930115A EP99930115A EP1077923A1 EP 1077923 A1 EP1077923 A1 EP 1077923A1 EP 99930115 A EP99930115 A EP 99930115A EP 99930115 A EP99930115 A EP 99930115A EP 1077923 A1 EP1077923 A1 EP 1077923A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tramadol
- additive
- hydrochloride
- grignard reaction
- toluene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/10—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B49/00—Grignard reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Definitions
- the compound (R * ,R * )-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 1 -(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol hydrochloride is a nonaddictive analgesic and is also known as Tramadol.
- This compound is manufactured by Gruenenthal GmbH of Germany and is sold under tradenames Tramal and Crispin. Methods for the synthesis of Tramadol are described in U.S. Patent 3,652,589 which is incorporated herein by reference. This synthesis leads to a mixture of trans and cis forms of the compound, herein referred to as the trans and cis forms of Tramadol (although the name Tramadol, when used alone, generally refers to substantially pure trans form of the compound).
- Tramadol includes the R,R and S,S isomers as shown by the following two structures:
- Tramadol as that phrase is used herein, includes the S,R and the R,S isomers which are shown by the following two structures:
- the ' 129 patent teaches a method which avoids the use of dioxane.
- Tramadol is first synthesized via a Grignard reaction to yield a mixture of cis and trans forms plus Grignard reaction side products. This mix of products is combined with a solution of hydrochloric acid in a low molecular weight alcohol or with gaseous hydrogen chloride in the presence of an organic solvent selected from medium molecular weight alcohols, ketones, esters and ethers or aromatic ethers, to effect the selective precipitation of the trans isomer (Tramadol).
- the '129 patent states that alternative solvents to dioxane which will effectively separate the cis and trans isomers were very hard to find, but those listed in the patent were found to be usable.
- a method for forming a product comprising (R * ,R * )-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-l -(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol (Tramadol) by a process selected from the group consisting of 1) synthesizing Tramadol in a sequence of steps including a Grignard reaction in the presence of an additive wherein the presence of said additive results in a higher transxis ratio of Tramadol than is obtained in the absence of said additive, 2) synthesizing a hydrochloride of Tramadol without increasing a ratio of transxis by performing a step consisting essentially of adding HCl to Tramadol base in the presence of toluene, and 3) synthesizing a hydrochloride of Tramadol while increasing a ratio of transxis by converting trans and cis forms of Tramadol to hydrochloride forms and recrystallizing said hydrochloride forms from
- the instant invention is an improved method for the synthesis and purification of (R * ,R * )-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-l-(3- methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol hydrochloride. This method yields an improved trans/cis ratio.
- Tramadol base is synthesized in the presence of an additive which may be an amine, an ether such as diglyme, or the like.
- the base can be converted to its hydrochloride form and then recrystallized from a low molecular weight nitrile such as acetonitrile or propionitrile until a greater than 98% trans/cis ratio is obtained.
- This then may be finally recrystallized from isopropanol to yield the trans isomer substantially free of the nitrile solvent.
- This embodiment utilizing an additive and a new crystallization solvent, avoids the use of dioxane and produces a very high trans/cis product.
- the method described herein is an improvement from the earlier work described in U.S. Patent 5,652,589 for which the method yielded a Grignard product that is 78-82% trans. Performing the Grignard reaction in the presence of an additive gives 85-92% trans product.
- the amine and ether additives are believed to complex with the Grignard reagent, e.g., TDA-1 [tris(2- (2-methoxyethoxy)ethylamine] complexes with some Grignard reagents (Boudin et al., Tetrahedron 45:171-180 (1989), incorporated herein by reference). The complex is shown in brackets in Scheme 1.
- the Grignard can be run in the normal solvents, diethyl ether or THF (tetrahydrofuran), or a mixture of THF and another solvent such as tBuOMe (t- butylmethoxyether) or toluene.
- the product can be converted to a hydrochloride by conventional means (ether, HCl, or ethanolic HCl with ether), or in THF or in acetonitrile (with or without toluene present).
- solvent does not need to be rigorously removed from the crude hydrochloride to recrystallize.
- the crude hydrochloride may then be recrystallized from acetonitrile to give >98% trans isomer.
- a second recrystallization from acetonitrile can give 99.9%) trans product. Recrystallization from isopropanol can be performed to remove residual acetonitrile.
- the process comprises two parts: (1) running the Grignard reaction in the presence of an additive and (2) the use of a new recrystallization solvent as compared to the recrystallization steps of the prior art.
- This use of the additive in the Grignard reaction improves the yield of the trans product.
- Example 6 One aspect of the invention (shown as Example 6 below), demonstrates that with a carefully controlled concentration of amine and hydrogen chloride in acetonitrile, purification to a better trans/cis mixture occurs in the hydrochloride formation step. This added modification reduces the number of recrystallizations needed by one, as compared to Example 8.
- assays were performed to determine the trans/cis ratio of the purified product.
- the method for performing these assays was the following HPLC method: A Phenomenex Prodigy 5, C8, 250 x 4.6 mm column was utilized with detection set at 272 nm.
- the buffer for running the column was: 25 nM KH 2 P0 4 , adjusted to pH 3.4 with HPLC grade 85% H 3 P0 4 (phosphate buffer).
- Mobile phase A consisted of the phosphate buffer 90%>:acetonitrile
- Mobile phase B consisted of the phosphate buffer 80%:acetonitrile 20%.
- the column and buffer gradient were run as follows: hold at 100% mobile phase A for 3 minutes, then 0-75% mobile phase B linearly over 20 minutes. Hold at 75% mobile phase B for 7 minutes, then return to 100%) mobile phase A over 0.1 minute. Reequilibrate the column for 9.9 minutes with 100% mobile phase A.
- the flow rate used is 1.5 mL/minute and the column is kept at 45 °C.
- the cis isomers elute first (at 11.2 minutes) and the trans (RS,RS) isomers elute last (12.1 minutes).
- a general scheme for the synthesis of Tramadol is shown in the Figure.
- 3-bromoanisole is subjected to a Grignard reaction with magnesium and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of an additive, such as 1 -methylimidazole or another of the additives outlined in the Examples below, to form a Grignard reaction product.
- the additive results in a better transxis ratio of Tramadol.
- the Grignard reaction product is reacted with the Mannich base B, which can be produced by the known Mannich reaction, see, e.g., K. Flick, E. Frankus and E. F ⁇ de ⁇ c s, Arzneim-Forsch, 280 ⁇ : 107-113 (1978) and C.
- Example 1 Synthesis of Tramadol Base in the Presence of the Additive TDA-1 To Mg turnings (5.8 g, 0.239 mole) in 70 mL of THF was added (with mechanical stirring) 42.5 g (0.227 mole, 1.5 equivalents) of 3-bromoanisole in 5 mL THF (including wash), adding about 1/5 of it initially and the rest over a 25 minute period after the exothermic reaction started. The mixture was refluxed for one hour further. It was allowed to cool to 42 °C and TDA-1 [tris(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylamine, 95%] (36.5 g, 0.113 mole) was added, followed by 5 mL THF wash. The Mannich base, 23.5 g (0.151 mole) in dry tBuOMe, was added over
- Mannich reaction was run to give Mannich hydrochloride in water. This was adjusted to pH 10.8 and extracted with toluene and then dried with magnesium sulfate. A 200 mL solution containing 98 g of the Mannich base B in toluene was thus obtained.
- the mixture was cooled to 15 °C and 420 mL of 4 M ammonium chloride in water was slowly added, keeping the temperature under 30°C. To the mixture was added 350 mL of water. The mixture was cooled while 215 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, giving a pH of 1.0. The top, organic layer was separated and discarded. The aqueous layer was washed with 150 mL toluene and the toluene discarded. The aqueous mixture was cooled in an ice bath and taken to pH 9.5 with 355 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with 140 mL of toluene. The two phase mixture was filtered before separation to remove insolubles.
- the aqueous layer was extracted with a second 140 mL of toluene, and the toluene extracts were combined. Small amounts of toluene were added for transfer. Approximately 90 mL of toluene was distilled out to remove water. The toluene solution was assayed to show there is 106 g of a mixture of trans/cis isomers of C there, in a 90.3/9.7 ratio (HPLC). A simple assay of the solution is to remove solvent from a few milliliters of sample by rotary evaporation followed by drying in high vacuum. The solution can be used as such in Example 8 type experiments, or concentrated further. An additional extraction of the original aqueous layer with toluene gave 5.4 g more of the desired product.
- Example 1 As in Example 1, it is seen that the presence of the additive led to an improved transxis ratio as compared to the methods of the prior art which do not include the use of additives in the Grignard reaction.
- the product is converted to hydrochloride and recrystallized from acetonitrile as in Example 5 or it can be used as in Example 8 by adding back some toluene.
- Example 3 Synthesis of Tramadol in the Presence of the Additive Diglyme
- Patent 5,652,589 in which no additive was used.
- TDA-1 of Example 1 2 equivalents of
- the additive has an effect on the trans/cis ratio.
- the prior art examples yielded a ratio of 78/22 or 81/19.
- the present procedure in the presence of the additives yields ratios from a low of 82/18 to a high of 90.6/9.4.
- Some of the additives have only a minimal effect on the ratio (for example yielding only an 82/18 ratio), but others have a dramatic effect.
- a product with an approximately 90/10 ratio has only about one-half the amount of the undesired cis product as compared to the prior art methods.
- the result of a higher ratio means that fewer crystallization steps may need to be performed.
- Tramadol base C produced in Example 1) had a transxis ratio of 89:11 whereas after converting to the hydrochloride followed by 3 rounds of crystallization from acetonitrile the ratio had been improved to 99.99:0.01.
- Hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled through 40 mL of ice-cooled dry acetonitrile. The weight went up 3.7 g and the volume was measured to be 43 mL. Of this, 40 mL (which has 3.44 g HCl; 94.5 millimoles) was used below. Tramadol base C, 15.4 g and containing 89.8/10.2 trans/cis isomers, was dissolved in 105 mL of dry acetonitrile. The 40 mL above was added in
- Whether a recrystallization step improves the transxis ratio of Tramadol depends upon the solvent composition from which the recrystallization is performed.
- the hydrochloride form of Tramadol is produced and then crystallized in the presence of a solvent with a high toluene concentration, the ratio of transxis remains essentially unchanged. This is in contrast to the recrystallization from a solvent which has a high acetonitrile concentration as was the case in Examples 5-7.
- This example shows that the formation of the hydrochloride in the presence of a relatively large amount of toluene (here about 60%) and crystallization from toluene-acetonitrile does not improve the transxis ratio.
- the percentage of toluene present in the mixture of toluene and acetonitrile in a crystallization step is decreased, the transxis ratio of the recovered product will increase. Steps in which the hydrochloride is recrystallized from acetonitrile do yield an improved transxis ratio.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8649898P | 1998-05-22 | 1998-05-22 | |
US86498P | 1998-05-22 | ||
PCT/US1999/011336 WO1999061405A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-05-20 | An improved synthesis and purification of (r*,r*)-2-[ (dimethylamino) methyl]-1-( 3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1077923A1 true EP1077923A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
EP1077923B1 EP1077923B1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
Family
ID=22198976
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99930115A Expired - Lifetime EP1077923B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-05-20 | An improved synthesis and purification of (r*,r*)-2- (dimethylamino) methyl]-1-( 3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6399829B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1077923B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002516302A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE257147T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2330142A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69913955T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1077923T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2212849T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999061405A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69809055T2 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2003-06-05 | Russinsky Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PURE CIS-TRAMADOL |
KR100342919B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2002-07-04 | 박노중 | A preparation and purification for trans isomer of tramadol hydrochloride |
DE10049481A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-05-02 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Substituted C-cyclohexylmethylamine derivatives |
DE10049483A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-05-02 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Substituted 1-aminobutan-3-ol derivatives |
DE10108308A1 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2002-08-29 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Process for the isolation and purification of (1RS, 2RS) -2 [(dimethylamino) methyl] -1- (3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol |
US6649783B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2003-11-18 | Euro-Celtique, S.A. | Synthesis of (+/-)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-(aryl)cyclohexanols |
DE10236510A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-19 | Grünenthal GmbH | 2-((Dimethylamino)-methyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanol preparation, by Grignard reaction in presence of lithium salt and dialkoxyalkane to give high yield of the analgesic trans-isomer tramadol |
JP2004115510A (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-04-15 | Toray Fine Chemicals Co Ltd | Method for producing piperazine derivative |
EP1785412A1 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-16 | IPCA Laboratories Limited | Tramadol recovery process |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3652589A (en) * | 1967-07-27 | 1972-03-28 | Gruenenthal Chemie | 1-(m-substituted phenyl)-2-aminomethyl cyclohexanols |
IL103096A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1996-12-05 | Chemagis Ltd | Process for the purification of 2-[(dimethyllamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol and its salts |
IL116281A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1999-06-20 | Chemagis Ltd | Process for the purification of (rr,ss)-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol and its salts |
-
1999
- 1999-05-20 JP JP2000550815A patent/JP2002516302A/en active Pending
- 1999-05-20 CA CA002330142A patent/CA2330142A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-20 DE DE69913955T patent/DE69913955T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-20 DK DK99930115T patent/DK1077923T3/en active
- 1999-05-20 US US09/700,889 patent/US6399829B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-20 AT AT99930115T patent/ATE257147T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-20 WO PCT/US1999/011336 patent/WO1999061405A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-05-20 ES ES99930115T patent/ES2212849T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-20 EP EP99930115A patent/EP1077923B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9961405A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1077923B1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
ATE257147T1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
US6399829B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
DE69913955D1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
WO1999061405A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
ES2212849T3 (en) | 2004-08-01 |
DE69913955T2 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
CA2330142A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
DK1077923T3 (en) | 2004-04-13 |
JP2002516302A (en) | 2002-06-04 |
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