EP1077019B1 - Source de rayons x et son application a la radiographie - Google Patents
Source de rayons x et son application a la radiographie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1077019B1 EP1077019B1 EP99922221A EP99922221A EP1077019B1 EP 1077019 B1 EP1077019 B1 EP 1077019B1 EP 99922221 A EP99922221 A EP 99922221A EP 99922221 A EP99922221 A EP 99922221A EP 1077019 B1 EP1077019 B1 EP 1077019B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- target
- source
- rays
- electrons
- xrce
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ray emission devices X. More specifically, the invention relates to a new source of X-rays for applications in radiology, in particular medical.
- An object of the present invention is to allow a radiology device according to the principle of X-ray emission by RCE, so as to have a sufficient X-ray flow, in particular for produce images of quality at least equal to that of current shots produced by tube devices, using an X-ray source compact and transportable, not using high power voltage.
- a second object of the invention is to allow a X-ray source whose response time to a control signal is short enough to produce fixed x-ray images or animated,
- a third object of the invention is to make it possible to carry out stereoradiography images and produce radiographic images in relief.
- the present invention proposes, according to a first aspect an X-ray emission device comprising a source of a microwave, a resonance chamber containing a volume of gas hermetically confined, a magnetic structure defining an area geometric electron confinement in which electrons are move at high speed and at least one target placed on a path of electrons to emit X-rays, characterized in that the or each targets is offset from a middle region of the geometric area containment.
- the invention also proposes a radiography installation comprising an X-ray emission device according to one of the aspects described above and comprising two targets, means for forming two radiographic images of the same object according to two different angles and means to reconstruct an image of stereoradiography of said object.
- FIG. 1 we will describe an X-ray source by RCE (XRCE source) of a type already known per se.
- An aluminum enclosure 10 is hermetically closed at its two ends by a window 20 which can be made of a material such as Teflon (registered trademark) or quartz, and by an aluminum window 30, respectively.
- a microwave source 60 facing the window 20 is capable of injecting through said window microwaves of frequency F typically equal to 2.45 Gigahertz, to excite the electrons contained in the cavity 40.
- a target 90 in tungsten is carried by a fixed support 80, so as to be in the median plane M.
- a receiving plate carrying a photosensitive film 100, of a known type and usually used in radiology, is located opposite the aluminum window 30.
- the device of Figure 1 is capable of emitting X-rays according to the following known principle: Subject to microwave radiation from from source 60, the electrons become “energetic", that is to say that their energy increases, and each moves along trajectories special. There is thus between the two magnets an area H called confinement, having substantially the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution of axis Z, in which are registered the trajectories of the electrons entering resonance with microwaves and charging with energy. The energy of electrons increases as long as said electrons are contained in this resonance zone, and part of the trajectories of the electrons energetic is therefore included in the resonance zone H, shown in Figure 2.
- a tungsten target 90 is placed in the part of the median plane M included in said hyperboloid and is thus on the trajectory of energetic electrons.
- the X-rays generated by this bombardment of target 90 by the electrons are directed towards the aluminum window 30 thanks to a adequate orientation of said target 90, as illustrated in FIG. 3 which schematically represents the envelope of the trajectory T of an electron energy in the median plane M.
- the aluminum window 30 has two functions: on the one hand, it seals the cavity 40 so as to contain argon under low pressure inside said cavity, on the other apart it must also be thin enough to let the x-rays come out of said cavity in order to strike the film 100. It is possible, thanks to a device for this type make images of an object or part of the body exposed between the aluminum window 30 and the film 100.
- the Applicant has discovered that it is possible to increase substantially the density of X-ray radiation emitted by a source XRCE, by shifting the position of the target outside the median plane M of the field magnetic. To highlight this property, the Applicant has varies the position of the target on either side of the median plane, keeping the radius constant (distance between the target and the Z axis). The results of this experiment, which are shown in Figure 4, show that there is an optimal position of the target relative to the median plane.
- the Applicant has modeled the trajectory of energetic electrons in cavity 40.
- the model used has been validated experimentally by comparing the energy levels of electrons, as shown in the tables below which show the levels d 'maximum energy Emax of the electrons for different values of the spacing D between the magnets of the source, said maximum energies being obtained on the one hand by modeling and on the other hand experimentally:
- FIG. 6a By placing the target 90 in the median plane as illustrated in the FIG. 6a in which the resonance zone H and the envelope E of the traces of the trajectory of an energy electron in the horizontal plane comprising the Z axis are represented schematically, so we are assured to intercept the electrons from the start of their movement in the resonance zone, whereas said electrons will probably only be not very energetic.
- Figure 6c illustrates a position intermediate of the target on the electron trajectory, between the position central of Figure 6a and the marginal position of Figure 6b.
- the Applicant has identified parameters influencing the operation of an XRCE source, and characterized the influence of these input parameters of the device on the emission of X-rays, which is itself described by two output parameters.
- the following table summarizes the input and output parameters of the device:
- the XRCE source according to the invention is provided with a device 70 for three-dimensional displacement of the support 80 of the target 90.
- Said target which intercepts the electrons when these are on the part of their trajectory located on the side of the microwave source 60, is according to the invention placed by the displacement device 70 in a plane N parallel to the median plane M and offset by a distance ⁇ z relative to said plane M.
- La target 90 is in this embodiment of the invention consisting of a bevelled surface at the end of a bar, but may consist of a planar surface element of any geometry, which one controls orientation to direct the beam of X-rays emitted.
- the device displacement 70 allows the target position to be adjusted with precision on the order of a millimeter or better.
- the support 80 of the target 90 is made of a material resistant to the impacts of energetic electrons, such as ceramic.
- the magnets 50 and 51 are not fixed as in the known device of FIG. 1, but are able to move along the magnetic axis Z, to traverse the segments 500 and 510 respectively.
- the movement of the magnets can be controlled by a positioning system also known per se, not represented in FIG. 11.
- the microwave source 60 delivers a radiation whose power is adjustable, for example between 0 and 1000 W.
- the device according to the invention therefore allows adjustments to be made to adjust the energy of x-rays on the one hand, and their dose rate on the other go.
- An example of an x-ray image obtained on film 100 is shown in figure 12.
- the microwave source 60 can emit impulsively towards cavity 40.
- This impulse control generates electrons in the cavity energetic according to an impulse mode, because the times rise and fall of electron energy are extremely short.
- This variant is therefore particularly advantageous for applications which only require reduced exposure times, such as scintigraphy or fluorometry which require exposure times of the order of millisecond.
- the pulse emission allows for these applications to minimize effective exposure time, compared to installations existing tubes which have rise times (of "heating" of the cathode) important and which unnecessarily expose the subject, causing risks of carcinogenesis.
- the XRCE source comprises two targets 91 and 92, mounted on the support 80 as shown in the figure 13.
- This particular configuration provides two points emission of X-rays.
- the two targets symmetrically with respect to the median plane M, we intercept with the two targets electrons allowing to emit according to the same spectrum. It is then possible to place a subject S between the XRCE source with two targets according to the invention and the photosensitive film 100, on which two images of the subject will form in 110 and 120. These two images correspond to viewing angles different from the same subject, and it is therefore possible to combine these two images to reconstruct a stereoscopic radiographic image.
- the magnets can be like the magnets mounted on a displacement system for varying the spacing of said coils.
- the coils can be like the magnets mounted on a displacement system for varying the spacing of said coils.
- a fourth variant of the invention it is possible to use to create the magnetic field B from both permanent magnets and at minus a pair of coils in which we slowly vary the current to generate a variable magnetic field superimposed on the fixed magnetic field B generated by permanent magnets.
- a variation of the magnetic field if it extends over a time interval typically greater than one millisecond, allows to keep invariant the ratio B / ⁇ , where B is the value of the field magnetic and ⁇ a value directly related to energy.
- B is the value of the field magnetic and ⁇ a value directly related to energy.
- This description uses for illustrative purposes a XRCE source configuration in which the magnetic field is symmetrical and defines a median plane M in which electrons energy are confined.
- the invention is in no way limited to this particular embodiment. It is indeed possible according to the invention to develop an XRCE source in which the magnetic field is not symmetrical; such an XRCE source will also include an area of confinement of energetic electrons comprising a middle region, equivalent to the midplane M used in this description, the geometry of said middle region may be non-planar.
Description
- le champ magnétique est symétrique et la région médiane de la zone géométrique de confinement est un plan,
- la structure magnétique comprend au moins une paire d'aimants permanents placés de part et d'autre de la chambre de résonance,
- la structure magnétique comprend des bobines placées de part et d'autre de la chambre de résonance,
- il est prévu des moyens pour faire varier l'intensité du courant dans les bobines,
- les moyens pour faire varier l'intensité du courant dans les bobines sont aptes à effectuer la variation d'intensité assez lentement pour permettre aux électrons de conserver sensiblement invariant le rapport B/γ, où B est la valeur du champ magnétique et γ-2=1-v2/c2, v étant la vitesse de l'électron, c la vitesse de la lumière et γ le facteur relativiste de Lorentz,
- le dispositif comprend des moyens pour ajuster la configuration de la structure magnétique de manière à faire varier l'énergie des rayons X émis,
- le dispositif comprend des moyens pour ajuster la position de la ou des cible(s) de manière à faire varier l'énergie des rayons X émis,
- la source de micro-ondes comprend des moyens pour moduler l'émission de micro-ondes,
- le dispositif comprend deux cibles,
- les positions des deux cibles sont symétriques par rapport à la région centrale de la zone géométrique de confinement,
- Il est possible de faire varier l'énergie et l'intensité des rayons X émis en fonction de la distance entre les aimants qui entourent la cavité. En effet, la Demanderesse a procédé à des mesures de spectres de rayons X émis par une source XRCE. Le graphique de la figure 7 montre qu'en écartant symétriquement les aimants sans modifier la position du plan médian M du champ magnétique, on obtient en sortie une intensité de rayonnement X beaucoup plus importante. De plus, le pic d'énergie du spectre émis se déplace alors vers les énergies croissantes, et l'énergie des rayons émis augmente jusqu'à 80 keV. Dans le cas présenté sur la figure 6, le fait d'écarter les aimants de façon à faire passer leur distance de 6.3 à 9.1 cm permet d'émettre une quantité importante de rayons autour de 30 keV, ce qui permet d'envisager des applications pratiques en radiographie des tissus et plus particulièrement en mammographie.
- Il existe pour les rayons X émis une énergie E et une intensité I maximales, pour une valeur donnée de la distance D entre les aimants. Comme exposé sur la figure 8, la Demanderesse a mis en évidence le fait qu'au delà d'une certaine valeur de D (9.6 cm dans le cas de la figure 8), l'énergie et l'intensité du spectre émis diminuaient rapidement. Ce phénomène est dû au changement de configuration de la zone de résonance H, dont l'axe de révolution bascule au-delà de cette distance D, ce qui a pour effet de modifier le régime de fonctionnement de la source XRCE. Ainsi est-il possible dans une source XRCE d'adapter la distance D entre les aimants pour optimiser les caractéristiques du spectre d'émission des rayons X.
- Il existe une valeur de la pression P de l'argon optimale pour chaque point de fonctionnement (Pµ, D), comme indiqué sur la figure 9. La mise en évidence de cette propriété permet d'ajuster au mieux, grâce au régulateur équipant la source XRCE, la pression P en fonction des valeurs de Pµ et de D.
- Il existe, pour chaque valeur de D, une valeur maximale de l'énergie que peuvent avoir les électrons compris dans la zone de résonance H. Cette énergie maximale est très importante car elfe définit la limite supérieure du niveau d'énergie des rayons X émis par la source XRCE, et par conséquent les applications pratiques envisageables. Les résultats présentés dans les tableaux 1 et 2 de la page 8, obtenus par modélisation et validés par des mesures expérimentales, mettent en évidence l'augmentation de cette énergie maximale avec la distance D. Il est ainsi possible de prévoir l'énergie maximale associée à chaque configuration des aimants. Le modèle dont les valeurs du tableau 1 sont issues permet également de calculer la trajectoire des électrons énergétiques dans la zone de résonance H. Les figures 5a et 5b montrent les trajectoires de deux électrons dont les énergies se situent de part et d'autre de la valeur de l'énergie maximale, pour un écartement des aimants de 6.2 cm. Sur la figure 5a, la trajectoire de l'électron est confinée dans la zone de résonance. Par contre, l'électron de la figure 5b a acquis un niveau d'énergie ne lui permettant pas de rester dans la zone de résonance, et la trajectoire de cet électron diverge loin du plan médian M défini par (Z=0).
- Le débit de dose des rayons X émis dépend de la puissance des micro-ondes provenant de la source 60. La figure 10 montre en effet l'augmentation du débit de dose Dd émis par une cible placée dans une source XRCE, en fonction de la puissance Pµ des micro-ondes . Cette propriété est également importante car le débit de dose est un paramètre qui semble limiter les performances des sources XRCE existantes et interdit actuellement leur exploitation opérationnelle. Parmi les paramètres opérationnels, la puissance Pµ des micro-ondes est donc l'un des facteurs permettant d'atteindre le débit de dose désiré.
Claims (12)
- Dispositif d'émission de rayons X comprenant une source de micro-ondes (60), une chambre de résonance (10) contenant un volume de gaz hermétiquement confiné, une structure magnétique (50, 51) définissant une zone géométrique (H) de confinement d'électrons dans laquelle des électrons se déplacent à grande vitesse et au moins une cible (90, 91, 92) placée sur un trajet d'électrons pour émettre des rayons X, caractérisé en ce que la ou chaqu'une des cibles est décalée par rapport à une région médiane (M) de la zone géométrique de confinement (H).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le champ magnétique est symétrique et la région médiane de la zone géométrique de confinement (H) est un plan (M).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la structure magnétique comprend au moins une paire d'aimants (50, 51) permanents placés de part et d'autre de la chambre de résonance (10).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la structure magnétique comprend des bobines placées de part et d'autre de la chambre de résonance (10).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens pour faire varier l'intensité du courant dans les bobines.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour faire varier l'intensité du courant dans les bobines sont aptes à effectuer la variation d'intensité assez lentement pour permettre aux électrons de conserver sensiblement invariant le rapport B/γ, où B est la valeur du champ magnétique et γ-2=1-v2/c2, v étant la vitesse de l'électron, c la vitesse de la lumière et γ le facteur relativiste de Lorentz.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens pour ajuster la configuration de la structure magnétique de manière à faire varier l'énergie des rayons X émis.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens (70, 80) pour ajuster la position de la ou des cible(s) (90, 91, 92) de manière à faire varier l'énergie des rayons X émis.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la source de micro-ondes comprend des moyens pour moduler l'émission de micro-ondes .
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend deux cibles.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les positions des deux cibles sont symétriques par rapport à la région centrale de la zone géométrique de confinement (H).
- Installation de radiographie comprenant un dispositif d'émission de rayons X selon la revendication 10 ou 11, des moyens (91, 92, 100) pour former deux images radiographiques d'un même objet (S) selon deux angles différents et des moyens pour reconstituer une image de stéréoradiographie dudit objet (S).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9805614A FR2778306B1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1998-05-04 | Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie |
FR9805614 | 1998-05-04 | ||
PCT/FR1999/001052 WO1999057946A1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1077019A1 EP1077019A1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
EP1077019B1 true EP1077019B1 (fr) | 2002-04-03 |
Family
ID=9525993
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99922221A Expired - Lifetime EP1077019B1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Source de rayons x et son application a la radiographie |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6449338B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1077019B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE215771T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU3935099A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69901173D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2778306B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999057946A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7068825B2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2006-06-27 | Orametrix, Inc. | Scanning system and calibration method for capturing precise three-dimensional information of objects |
DE10257207B4 (de) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-11-11 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung, Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines dreidimensionalen Bildes eines Untersuchungsobjekts |
DE10261803A1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Strahlungsquelle zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung |
WO2013159049A1 (fr) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | Bruker Axs Handheld, Inc. | Appareil de protection d'une fenêtre de rayonnement |
DE112018006954T5 (de) | 2018-02-26 | 2020-11-26 | Inventive Consulting Llc | Federbetätigter elektrischer Steckverbinder für Hochleistungsanwendungen |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS586264B2 (ja) * | 1978-11-02 | 1983-02-03 | 株式会社東芝 | ステレオ用x線管 |
RU1804661C (ru) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-03-23 | Константин Саввич Голованивский | Генератор рентгеновского излучени |
US5323442A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-06-21 | Ruxam, Inc. | Microwave X-ray source and methods of use |
WO1996005600A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-02-22 | Ruxam, Inc. | Source de rayons x portative et procede de radiographie |
US5577090A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-11-19 | Moses; Kenneth G. | Method and apparatus for product x-radiation |
US5838760A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1998-11-17 | Kenneth G. Moses | Method and apparatus for product x-radiation |
-
1998
- 1998-05-04 FR FR9805614A patent/FR2778306B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-04 WO PCT/FR1999/001052 patent/WO1999057946A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-05-04 AT AT99922221T patent/ATE215771T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-04 EP EP99922221A patent/EP1077019B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-04 DE DE69901173T patent/DE69901173D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-04 AU AU39350/99A patent/AU3935099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-04 US US09/674,791 patent/US6449338B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1077019A1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
FR2778306A1 (fr) | 1999-11-05 |
DE69901173D1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
WO1999057946A1 (fr) | 1999-11-11 |
US6449338B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
AU3935099A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
ATE215771T1 (de) | 2002-04-15 |
FR2778306B1 (fr) | 2000-07-21 |
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