EP1076353A1 - Mercury-free metal halide lamp - Google Patents
Mercury-free metal halide lamp Download PDFInfo
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- EP1076353A1 EP1076353A1 EP00107219A EP00107219A EP1076353A1 EP 1076353 A1 EP1076353 A1 EP 1076353A1 EP 00107219 A EP00107219 A EP 00107219A EP 00107219 A EP00107219 A EP 00107219A EP 1076353 A1 EP1076353 A1 EP 1076353A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal halide
- group
- mercury
- halide lamp
- lamp according
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/68—Lamps in which the main discharge is between parts of a current-carrying guide, e.g. halo lamp
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mercury-free metal halide lamp according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- These are in particular lamps for the light color warm white (WDL) for general lighting, in particular is dimmable.
- WO 98/45872 describes a mercury-containing metal halide lamp, the Filling contains essentially Na and Tl-containing metal halides. Add to that Dy and Ca metal halides. This filling refers to a neutral white Light color from 3900 to 4200 K.
- the molar ratio of the two metal halides Ca-MH: Dy-MH is preferably between 0.3 and 4.
- the second group preferably additionally comprises a metal halide of Tl in an amount of up to 30 ⁇ mol / cm 3 , preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ mol / cm 3 .
- the first group can also include a metal halide of Na in a proportion of up to 30 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol%, of the Total quantity.
- the first group preferably additionally comprises a metal halide of C in an amount of up to 40 ⁇ mol / cm 3 , preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ mol / cm 3 .
- the cold filling pressure of the noble gas is advantageously between 100 and 10,000 mbar.
- the members of the second group can additionally as metals in a share up to 30 mol% are added. You can also add at least one elemental metal or a metal halide of the metals Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc is added to the second group and in total additionally up to one Proportion up to 40 mol%.
- At least one metal halide of the metals Sr, Ba, Li and / or the rare earth metals are added to the first group altogether additionally up to a proportion of up to 30 mol%.
- the discharge vessel is preferably ceramic and has a typical ratio the internal longitudinal / lateral maximum dimensions of at most 3.5.
- the dimensioning of the inner wall surface is advantageously chosen so that an internal wall load of 10 to 60 W / cm 2 prevails during operation.
- the mercury-free filling is essentially a low-Na filling (preferably at most 5 mol% Na halide in the filling fraction with a boiling point> 1000 ° C).
- Your composition is chosen so that at least Dy halide and Ca halide as Filling components in the proportion of filling substances with a boiling point> 1000 ° C are contained, and that at least one metal halide MH with boiling point ⁇ 1000 ° C is included, which is selected from the group In, Zn, Hf, Zr.
- the ratio Ca-MH / DyMH> 2 (especially for values> 4), it may be advantageous to add further metal halides to the filling, preferably the lanthanides mentioned below in a proportion of up to 25 mol% to compensate for the overhang in the red spectral range caused by the proportion of CaJ 2 .
- the optimal one The quantity is dependent on other components to be selected by the smallest deviation to achieve from the Planck curve.
- the spectral emission of the light source lies in the warm white spectral range 2700 K and 3500 K, and the general color rendering index is preferred Ra> 90, where the red rendering index of saturated red is R9> 60.
- a particularly noteworthy feature of the present invention is that excellent color rendering consistency even when dimming the lamp to approximately 50% of the lamp power.
- Previous fillings were suitable not for dimming. This is due to the balanced mixture between Dy and Ca. in connection with the possibility of the Ca (and possibly also Cs) in the vapor phase enriched by molecular formation (formation of complexes). That mechanism is particularly effective with mercury-free fillings. This makes it independent of performance the spectral emission distribution in the visible spectral range achieved, corresponding to a pronounced dimming ability.
- the lamp filling can contain Cs halide in the filling component of the filling substances with a boiling point> 1000 ° C. in a mol% concentration, preferably between 10-50%, the total amount of CsX typically being between 5-40 ⁇ mol / cm 3 . Because CsX improves arch stability and increases light output.
- the lamp fill can contain at least one metal halide with a boiling point ⁇ 1000 ° C, which arises from the group Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc, These substances can be mixed in for exact voltage adjustment; some substances are also suitable for influencing the spectral emission distribution.
- the lamp filling can additionally contain at least one elemental metal which is derived from the group Tl, In, Zn, Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc, the filling quantity being in the range between 0.5-50 ⁇ mol / cm 3 .
- elemental metal which is derived from the group Tl, In, Zn, Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc, the filling quantity being in the range between 0.5-50 ⁇ mol / cm 3 .
- the optional proportion of Na halide can be up to 30 mol% of the filling proportion the filling components are included, which have a boiling point> 1000 ° C. NaJ typically worsens the dimming behavior with regard to the constancy of the Color rendering, but it can be mixed to increase the light output become.
- the boiling point in the filling fraction > 1000 ° C additionally at least one halide of the lanthanides and from the Group Sr and Ba and Li, typically contained in the molar concentration up to 35 mol% his.
- These substances are used to optimize the spectral distribution in the visual Spectral range admixed, e.g. B .: Sr, Ba and Li for further improvement of the Emission in the red, lanthanides in the blue and green spectral range.
- the ionizable filling preferably consists of at least one noble gas (Ar, Kr, Xe) with a cold filling pressure of 100-10000 mbar.
- a cold filling pressure of typical more than 500 mbar Ar in particular, an extended service life is possible. Under 100 mbar leads to excessive electrode loading during the start-up phase Lamp on, which leads to poor maintenance behavior.
- a metal halide lamp with an output of 70 W is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of a cylindrical outer bulb 1 made of quartz glass which defines a lamp axis and is squeezed (2) and base (3) on two sides.
- the axially arranged discharge vessel 4 made of Al 2 O 3 ceramic forms an ellipsoid and is bulged in the middle 5 and has two cylindrical ends 6a and 6b. But it can also be cylindrical with elongated capillary tubes as plugs.
- the discharge vessel is held in the outer bulb 1 by means of two power supply lines 7, which are connected to the base parts 3 via foils 8.
- the power supply lines 7 are welded to bushings 9, 10, which are each fitted in an end plug 11 at the end of the discharge vessel.
- the bushings 9, 10 are, for example, molybdenum pins. Both executions 9, 10 are on the plug 11 on both sides and hold electrodes on the discharge side 14, consisting of an electrode shaft 15 made of tungsten and an am End pushed onto the discharge end 16.
- the bushing 9, 10 is each with the electrode shaft 15 and with the external power supply 7 butt welded.
- the end plugs 11 essentially consist of a cermet known per se with the ceramic component Al 2 O 3 and the metallic component tungsten or molybdenum.
- the filling of the discharge vessel consists of an inert ignition gas / buffer gas, here argon with a cold filling pressure of 250 mbar and from various additions of metal halides.
- the fillings according to the invention are shown in Tab. 1.
- the boiling points of the metal halides are also given in the last two columns.
- the elliptically shaped ceramic discharge vessel has an inner volume of 0.32 cm 3 and an inner surface of 2.35 cm 2 with an arc length of 9 mm.
- the operating voltage was approximately 60 V in the first exemplary embodiment.
- the luminous efficacy is 50 Im / W.
- the color rendering index Ra and the R9 value are just under 100. These very good values are independent of a dimming down to 50% of the full output, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, where the wall load between 20, 30 and 40 W / cm 2 varies (corresponding to 50%, 75% and 100% dimming level). Therefore, this lamp is very suitable as a replacement for incandescent lamps.
- the color temperature T n can be regulated continuously between 3400 and 2950 K by dimming. The change in the color coordinates x and y during dimming follows almost exactly along the Planck curve (FIG. 4). The correct amount of addition of TlJ plays an important role in this. This finding is extremely advantageous compared to previous fillings.
- the spectrum of which is shown in FIG. 5 the operating voltage was 80 V.
- the R9 index varies between 60 and 85, depending on the dimming, the Ra was always well above 90, the color temperature when dimming between 50 and 100% was almost constant at around 3100 K.
- the R9 value is around 50 at low dimming close to 50% (corresponding to a wall load of 20 W / cm 2 ), but quite high, at 75 to 80 with high dimming up to 100% of the possible power (wall load of typically 32 W / cm 2 ).
- the color coordinates x and y are shown in FIG. 7.
- the operating voltage was 73 V.
- a mixture of InJ and HfBr 4 was used to adjust the voltage.
- Dimming (Figure 9) shows very stable behavior: all color indices (Ra and R9) show almost constant behavior and almost no dependence on the degree of dimming.
- the red value R9 is clearly above 70 and the Ra is around 95.
- the color coordinates x and y (FIG. 10) are at a constant color temperature of around 3000 K when dimmed.
- the discharge vessel had an ellipsoid represents the ratio of the internal longitudinal to lateral dimension about 1.7.
- the inner axial length was 12 mm (as the total length of the inscribed ellipse (shown in dashed lines in Figure 1) interpreted), the inner maximum diameter of the circularly bulged discharge vessel transverse to the lamp axis was 7 mm.
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Quecksilberfreie Metallhalogenidlampe gemäß dem
Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Es handelt sich dabei insbesondere um Lampen für
die Lichtfarbe warmweiß (WDL) für die Allgemeinbeleuchtung, die insbesondere
dimmfähig ist.The invention relates to a mercury-free metal halide lamp according to the
Preamble of
Aus der DE-A 197 31 168 ist bereits eine Quecksilberfreie Metallhalogenidlampe bekannt, die zwei Gruppen von Metallhalogeniden verwendet, nämlich Spannungserzeuger, die hauptsächlich die Rolle des Quecksilbers übernehmen, sowie Lichterzeuger, insbesondere Seltenerdmetall. Damit werden warmweiße Lichtfarben um 3500 K angestrebt. Allerdings ist die Rotwiedergabe noch unbefriedigend, die durch Zugabe von Metallhalogeniden des Dy oder Al kontrolliert wird. Ähnliche Füllungssysteme sind auch in WO 99/05699 und EP-A 833 160 beschrieben.DE-A 197 31 168 already discloses a mercury-free metal halide lamp known that uses two groups of metal halides, namely voltage generators, which mainly take on the role of mercury, as well as light producers, especially rare earth metal. This turns warm white light colors around 3500 K aimed for. However, the red rendering is still unsatisfactory due to Addition of metal halides of Dy or Al is controlled. Similar filling systems are also described in WO 99/05699 and EP-A 833 160.
Die WO 98/45872 beschreibt eine quecksilberhaltige Metallhalogenidlampe, deren Füllung im wesentlichen Na und Tl-haltige Metallhalogenide enthält. Hinzu kommen Dy- und Ca-Metallhalogenide. Diese Füllung bezieht sich auf eine neutralweiße Lichtfarbe von 3900 bis 4200 K.WO 98/45872 describes a mercury-containing metal halide lamp, the Filling contains essentially Na and Tl-containing metal halides. Add to that Dy and Ca metal halides. This filling refers to a neutral white Light color from 3900 to 4200 K.
Bei der Realisierung warmweißer und neutralweißer Lichtfarben ist die Verwendung von Natrium nachteilig, da es aufgrund seines kleinen lonenradius leicht diffundiert. The use is in the realization of warm white and neutral white light colors disadvantageous of sodium, since it diffuses easily due to its small ionic radius.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Metallhalogenidlampe gemäß dem
Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bereitzustellen, die nicht nur auf Quecksilber aus Umweltschutzgründen
verzichtet, sondern auch die Benutzung von Natrium vollständig
oder weitestgehend vermeidet um die damit verbundenen, wohlbekannten Schwierigkeiten
zu umgehen. Insbesondere betrifft dies auch den Bau von einseitig gesokkelten
Lampen (Problem der Photoionisation).It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal halide lamp according to the
Provide preamble of
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.
Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Quecksilberfreie Metallhalogenidlampe mit warmweißer
Lichtfarbe und hohem Farbwiedergabeindex Ra vorgestellt, wobei die Lampe ein
Entladungsgefäß umfaßt, in das Elektroden vakuumdicht eingeführt sind und mit
einer ionisierbaren Füllung im Entladungsgefäß. Die Füllung umfaßt folgende Komponenten:
wobei die Gesamtfüllmenge der ersten Gruppe Metallhalogenide zwischen 5 und 100 µmol/cm3 beträgt;
wobei die Gesamtfüllmenge der zweiten Gruppe Metallhalogenide zwischen 1 und 50 µmol/cm3 beträgt;
wobei die Farbtemperatur zwischen 2700 und 3500 K liegt;
wobei der allgemeine Farbwiedergabeindex mindestes Ra = 90 beträgt, während gleichzeitig der Rotwiedergabeindex mindestens R9 = 60 beträgt.
wherein the total filling amount of the first group of metal halides is between 5 and 100 µmol / cm 3 ;
wherein the total filling amount of the second group of metal halides is between 1 and 50 µmol / cm 3 ;
the color temperature is between 2700 and 3500 K;
where the general color rendering index is at least Ra = 90, while at the same time the red rendering index is at least R9 = 60.
Bevorzugt liegt das molare Verhältnis der beiden Metallhalogenide Ca-MH:Dy-MH zwischen 0,3 und 4. Die zweite Gruppe umfaßt bevorzugt zusätzlich ein Metallhalogenid des Tl in einer Menge von bis zu 30 µmol/cm3, bevorzugt 5 bis 25 µmol/cm3.The molar ratio of the two metal halides Ca-MH: Dy-MH is preferably between 0.3 and 4. The second group preferably additionally comprises a metal halide of Tl in an amount of up to 30 μmol / cm 3 , preferably 5 to 25 μmol / cm 3 .
Des weiteren kann die erste Gruppe auch ein Metallhalogenid des Na einschließen in einem Anteil von bis zu 30 Mol.-%, bevorzugt von höchstens 5 Mol.-%, an der Gesamtmenge.Furthermore, the first group can also include a metal halide of Na in a proportion of up to 30 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol%, of the Total quantity.
Bevorzugt umfaßt die erste Gruppe zusätzlich ein Metallhalogenid des Cs in einer Menge von bis zu 40 µmol/cm3, bevorzugt 5 bis 30 µmol/cm3. Außerdem beträgt der Kaltfülldruck des Edelgases vorteilhaft zwischen 100 und 10 000 mbar.The first group preferably additionally comprises a metal halide of C in an amount of up to 40 μmol / cm 3 , preferably 5 to 30 μmol / cm 3 . In addition, the cold filling pressure of the noble gas is advantageously between 100 and 10,000 mbar.
Die Mitglieder der zweiten Gruppe können zusätzlich als Metalle in einem Anteil bis zu 30 Mol.-% zugegeben werden. Außerdem können zusätzlich mindestens ein elementares Metall oder ein Metallhalogenid der Metalle Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc zur zweiten Gruppe zugegeben wird und zwar insgesamt zusätzlich bis zu einem Anteil bis zu 40 Mol.-%.The members of the second group can additionally as metals in a share up to 30 mol% are added. You can also add at least one elemental metal or a metal halide of the metals Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc is added to the second group and in total additionally up to one Proportion up to 40 mol%.
Des weiteren kann zusätzlich mindestens ein Metallhalogenid der Metalle Sr, Ba, Li und /oder der Seltenerdmetalle zur ersten Gruppe zugegeben werden und zwar insgesamt zusätzlich bis zu einem Anteil bis zu 30 Mol.-%.Furthermore, at least one metal halide of the metals Sr, Ba, Li and / or the rare earth metals are added to the first group altogether additionally up to a proportion of up to 30 mol%.
Vorzugsweise ist das Entladungsgefäß keramisch und hat ein typisches Verhältnis der inneren Longitudinal/ Lateral-Maximaldimensionen von höchstens 3,5.The discharge vessel is preferably ceramic and has a typical ratio the internal longitudinal / lateral maximum dimensions of at most 3.5.
Vorteilhaft ist die Dimensionierung der Innenwandoberfläche so gewählt, daß im Betrieb eine innere Wandbelastung von 10 bis 60 W/cm2 herrscht.The dimensioning of the inner wall surface is advantageously chosen so that an internal wall load of 10 to 60 W / cm 2 prevails during operation.
Die Hg-freie Füllung ist im wesentlichen eine Na-arme Füllung (bevorzugt höchstens 5 Mol.-% Na-Halogenid im Füllungsanteil mit Siedepunkt > 1000 °C). Ihre Zusammensetzung ist so gewählt, daß mindestens Dy-Halogenid und Ca-Halogenid als Füllungsbestandteile im Anteil der Füllungssubstanzen mit Siedepunkt >1000°C enthalten sind, und daß mindestens ein Metallhalogenid MH mit Siedepunkt < 1000°C enthalten ist, welches aus der Gruppe In, Zn, Hf, Zr ausgewählt ist.The mercury-free filling is essentially a low-Na filling (preferably at most 5 mol% Na halide in the filling fraction with a boiling point> 1000 ° C). Your composition is chosen so that at least Dy halide and Ca halide as Filling components in the proportion of filling substances with a boiling point> 1000 ° C are contained, and that at least one metal halide MH with boiling point < 1000 ° C is included, which is selected from the group In, Zn, Hf, Zr.
Insbesondere dann, wenn das Verhältnis Ca-MH/DyMH > 2 ist (insbesondere bei Werten > 4), kann es vorteilhaft sein, weitere Metallhalogenide der Füllung hinzuzufügen, bevorzugt die weiter unten erwähnten Lanthanide in einem Anteil von bis zu 25 Mol.-%, um den Überhang im roten Spektralbereich, hervorgerufen durch den Anteil an CaJ2, auszugleichen.In particular, if the ratio Ca-MH / DyMH> 2 (especially for values> 4), it may be advantageous to add further metal halides to the filling, preferably the lanthanides mentioned below in a proportion of up to 25 mol% to compensate for the overhang in the red spectral range caused by the proportion of CaJ 2 .
Die Gesamtfüllmenge der ersten Gruppe im Entladungsgefäß soll
Bevorzugt liegt die Zugabe an TI-MH im Bereich TIX = 5-30 µmol/ccm. Die optimale Menge ist abhängig von anderen Bestandteilen zu wählen um kleinste Abweichung vom Planckschen Kurvenzug zu erzielen.The addition of TI-MH is preferably in the range TIX = 5-30 µmol / ccm. The optimal one The quantity is dependent on other components to be selected by the smallest deviation to achieve from the Planck curve.
Die spektrale Emission der Lichtquelle liegt im warmweissen Spektralbereich zwischen
2700 K und 3500 K, und der allgemeine Farbwiedergabeindex ist bevorzugt
Ra> 90 , wobei der Rotwiedergabeindex des gesättigten Rot bei R9 > 60 liegt.The spectral emission of the light source lies in the warm white
Ein besonders beachtenswertes Merkmal der vorliegende Erfindung liegt darin, daß eine hervorragende Konstanz der Farbwiedergabe auch beim Dimmen der Lampe auf ca. 50% der Lampenleistung erhalten bleibt. Bisherige Füllungen eigneten sich nicht zum Dimmen. Dies liegt an der ausgewogenen Mischung zwischen Dy und Ca in Verbindung mit der Möglichkeit, das Ca (und evtl. auch Cs) in der Dampfphase durch Molekülbildung (Bildung von Komplexen) anzureichern. Dieser Mechanismus ist bei Quecksilberfreien Füllungen besonders effektiv. Dadurch wird eine Leistungsunabhängigkeit der spektralen Emissionsverteilung im sichtbaren Spektralbereich erzielt, entsprechend einer ausgeprägten Dimmfähigkeit.A particularly noteworthy feature of the present invention is that excellent color rendering consistency even when dimming the lamp to approximately 50% of the lamp power. Previous fillings were suitable not for dimming. This is due to the balanced mixture between Dy and Ca. in connection with the possibility of the Ca (and possibly also Cs) in the vapor phase enriched by molecular formation (formation of complexes). That mechanism is particularly effective with mercury-free fillings. This makes it independent of performance the spectral emission distribution in the visible spectral range achieved, corresponding to a pronounced dimming ability.
Die Lampenfüllung kann Cs-Halogenid im Füllungsbestandteil der Füllungssubstanzen mit Siedepunkt >1000°C in einer Mol-%-Konzentration vorzugsweise zwischen 10-50 % enthalten, wobei die Gesamtmenge des CsX typisch zwischen 5-40 µmol/cm3 liegt. Denn CsX verbessert die Bogenstabilität und erhöht die Lichtausbeute.The lamp filling can contain Cs halide in the filling component of the filling substances with a boiling point> 1000 ° C. in a mol% concentration, preferably between 10-50%, the total amount of CsX typically being between 5-40 µmol / cm 3 . Because CsX improves arch stability and increases light output.
Zusätzlich kann die Lampenfüllung mindestens ein Metallhalogenid mit Siedepunkt < 1000°C beinhaltet, das aus der Gruppe Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc hervorgeht, Diese Substanzen können zur exakten Spannungseinstellung zugemischt werden; einige Substanzen eignen sich auch zur Beeinflussung der spektralen Emissionsverteilung.In addition, the lamp fill can contain at least one metal halide with a boiling point <1000 ° C, which arises from the group Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc, These substances can be mixed in for exact voltage adjustment; some substances are also suitable for influencing the spectral emission distribution.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Lampenfüllung zusätzlich mindestens ein elementares Metall beinhalten, das aus der Gruppe Tl, In, Zn, Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc hervorgeht, wobei die Füllmenge im Bereich zwischen 0.5-50 µmol/cm3 liegt. Diese Substanzen können zur Verbesserung des elektrischen Verhaltens zugemischt werden, beispielsweise dienen sie zur Minimierung von Wiederzündspitzen.In a further embodiment, the lamp filling can additionally contain at least one elemental metal which is derived from the group Tl, In, Zn, Al, Ga, Sn, Mg, Mn, Sb, Bi, Sc, the filling quantity being in the range between 0.5-50 µmol / cm 3 . These substances can be mixed in to improve the electrical behavior, for example they serve to minimize re-ignition peaks.
Der optionale Anteil von Na-Halogenid kann bis zu 30 Mol.-% des Füllungsanteils der Füllungsbestandteile enthalten ist, die einen Siedepunkt >1000°C besitzen. Zwar verschlechtert NaJ typischerweise das Dimmungsverhalten bzgl. Konstanz der Farbwiedergabe, es kann aber zu einer Erhöhung der Lichtausbeute zugemischt werden.The optional proportion of Na halide can be up to 30 mol% of the filling proportion the filling components are included, which have a boiling point> 1000 ° C. NaJ typically worsens the dimming behavior with regard to the constancy of the Color rendering, but it can be mixed to increase the light output become.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann im Füllungsanteil mit Siedepunkt >1000°C zusätzlich mindestens ein Halogenid der Lanthanide und aus der Gruppe Sr und Ba und Li , typ. im Mol-Konzentrationsanteil bis 35 Mol.-% enthalten sein. Diese Substanzen werden zur Optimierung der spektralen Verteilung im visuellen Spektralbereich zugemischt, z. B.: Sr, Ba und Li für weitere Verbesserung der Emission im roten, Lanthanide im blauen und grünen Spektralbereich.In a further preferred embodiment, the boiling point in the filling fraction > 1000 ° C additionally at least one halide of the lanthanides and from the Group Sr and Ba and Li, typically contained in the molar concentration up to 35 mol% his. These substances are used to optimize the spectral distribution in the visual Spectral range admixed, e.g. B .: Sr, Ba and Li for further improvement of the Emission in the red, lanthanides in the blue and green spectral range.
Bevorzugt besteht die ionisierbare Füllung aus mindestens einem Edelgas (Ar, Kr, Xe) mit einem Kaltfülldruck von 100-10000 mbar. Mit einem Kaltfülldruck von typisch mehr als 500 mbar Ar ist insbesondere eine verlängerte Lebensdauer möglich. Unter 100 mbar tritt eine zu starke Elektrodenbelastung während der Anlaufphase der Lampe auf, was zu schlechtem Maintenance-Verhalten führt. The ionizable filling preferably consists of at least one noble gas (Ar, Kr, Xe) with a cold filling pressure of 100-10000 mbar. With a cold filling pressure of typical more than 500 mbar Ar, in particular, an extended service life is possible. Under 100 mbar leads to excessive electrode loading during the start-up phase Lamp on, which leads to poor maintenance behavior.
Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine Metallhalogenidlampe mit keramischem Entladungsgefäß;
Figur 2- ein Spektrum einer Metallhalogenidlampe;
Figur 3- eine Darstellung des Ra, R9 und der Farbtemperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Dimmgrad für das erste Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 4- die Farbkoordinaten als Funktion des Dimmgrades für das erste Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 5- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Spektrums einer Metallhalogenidlampe;
- Figur 6
- eine Darstellung des Ra, R9 und der Farbtemperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Dimmgrad für das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 7- die Farbkoordinaten als Funktion des Dimmgrades für das erste Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 8- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Spektrums einer Metallhalogenidlampe;
Figur 9- eine Darstellung des Ra, R9 und der Farbtemperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Dimmgrad für das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel;
Figur 10- die Farbkoordinaten als Funktion des Dimmgrades für das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel.
- Figure 1
- a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel;
- Figure 2
- a spectrum of a metal halide lamp;
- Figure 3
- a representation of the Ra, R9 and the color temperature depending on the degree of dimming for the first embodiment;
- Figure 4
- the color coordinates as a function of the degree of dimming for the first embodiment;
- Figure 5
- a second embodiment of a spectrum of a metal halide lamp;
- Figure 6
- a representation of the Ra, R9 and the color temperature depending on the degree of dimming for the second embodiment;
- Figure 7
- the color coordinates as a function of the degree of dimming for the first embodiment;
- Figure 8
- a third embodiment of a spectrum of a metal halide lamp;
- Figure 9
- a representation of the Ra, R9 and the color temperature depending on the degree of dimming for the third embodiment;
- Figure 10
- the color coordinates as a function of the degree of dimming for the third embodiment.
In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Metallhalogenidlampe mit einer Leistung von 70 W
dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem eine Lampenachse definierenden zylindrischen
Außenkolben 1 aus Quarzglas, der zweiseitig gequetscht (2) und gesockelt (3) ist.
Das axial angeordnete Entladungsgefäß 4 aus Al2O3-Keramik bildet ein Ellipsoid
und ist in der Mitte 5 ausgebaucht und besitzt zwei zylindrische Enden 6a und 6b.
Es kann aber auch zylindrisch sein mit länglichen Kapillarrohren als Stopfen. Das
Entladungsgefäß ist mittels zweier Stromzuführungen 7, die mit den Sockelteilen 3
über Folien 8 verbunden sind, im Außenkolben 1 gehaltert. Die Stromzuführungen 7
sind mit Durchführungen 9, 10 verschweißt, die jeweils in einem Endstopfen 11 am
Ende des Entladungsgefäßes eingepaßt sind.A metal halide lamp with an output of 70 W is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of a cylindrical
Die Durchführungen 9, 10 sind beispielsweise Molybdän-Stifte. Beide Durchführungen
9, 10 stehen am Stopfen 11 beidseitig über und haltern entladungsseitig Elektroden
14, bestehend aus einem Elektrodenschaft 15 aus Wolfram und einer am
entladungsseitigen Ende aufgeschobenen Wendel 16. Die Durchführung 9, 10 ist
jeweils mit dem Elektrodenschaft 15 sowie mit der äußeren Stromzuführung 7
stumpf verschweißt.The
Die Endstopfen 11 bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem an sich bekannten Cermet mit der keramischen Komponente Al2O3 und der metallischen Komponente Wolfram oder auch Molybdän.The end plugs 11 essentially consist of a cermet known per se with the ceramic component Al 2 O 3 and the metallic component tungsten or molybdenum.
Am zweiten Ende 6b ist außerdem im Stopfen 11 eine achsparallele Bohrung 12
vorgesehen, die zum Evakuieren und Füllen des Entladungsgefäßes in an sich bekannter
Weise dient. Diese Bohrung 12 wird nach dem Füllen mittels eines Stiftes
13 verschlossen. Grundsätzlich kann aber auch jede andere bekannte Konstruktion
für das keramische Entladungsgefäß und für die Technik des Verschließens gewählt
werden.At the
Die Füllung des Entladungsgefäßes besteht aus einem inerten Zündgas/Puffergas, hier Argon mit 250 mbar Kaltfülldruck und aus diversen Zusätzen an Metallhalogeniden.The filling of the discharge vessel consists of an inert ignition gas / buffer gas, here argon with a cold filling pressure of 250 mbar and from various additions of metal halides.
Drei Beispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Füllungen sind in Tab. 1 gezeigt. Außerdem sind in den letzten beiden Spalten die Siedepunkte der Metallhalogenide angegeben. In allen Fällen hat das elliptisch geformte keramische Entladungsgefäß ein inneres Volumen von 0,32 cm3 und eine innere Oberfläche von 2,35 cm2 bei einer Bogenlänge von 9 mm.Three examples of the fillings according to the invention are shown in Tab. 1. The boiling points of the metal halides are also given in the last two columns. In all cases, the elliptically shaped ceramic discharge vessel has an inner volume of 0.32 cm 3 and an inner surface of 2.35 cm 2 with an arc length of 9 mm.
Die Brennspannung betrug im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 60 V. Das molare Verhältnis CaMH:DyMH beträgt hier 60:15=4,0. Damit ließ sich eine 70 W WDL Metallhalogenidlampe realisieren, deren Emissionsspektrum von den CaJ2- Banden dominiert ist (Figur 2). Sie liegen im roten Spektralbereich zwischen 626 und 642 nm. The operating voltage was approximately 60 V in the first exemplary embodiment. The molar ratio CaMH: DyMH here is 60:15 = 4.0. This enabled a 70 W WDL metal halide lamp to be produced, the emission spectrum of which is dominated by the CaJ 2 bands (FIG. 2). They are in the red spectral range between 626 and 642 nm.
Wie Figur 3 zeigt, ist die Lichtausbeute 50 Im/W. Der Farbwiedergabeindex Ra und der R9-Wert liegen knapp unter 100. Diese sehr guten Werte sind unabhängig von einer Dimmung auf bis herab zu 50% der vollen Leistung, wie Figur 2 und 3 erkenne läßt, wo als Dimmparameter die Wandbelastung zwischen 20, 30 und 40 W/cm2 variiert (entsprechend 50%, 75% und 100% Dimmgrad). Daher ist diese Lampe sehr gut als Ersatz für Glühlampen geeignet. Die Farbtemperatur Tn läßt sich durch das Dimmen stufenlos zwischen 3400 und 2950 K regeln. Die Änderung der Farbkoordinaten x und y beim Dimmen folgt fast exakt entlang der Planck-Kurve (Figur 4). Dabei spielt die richtige Menge der Zugabe an TlJ eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Befund ist außerordentlich vorteilhaft im Vergleich zu bisherigen Füllungen.As FIG. 3 shows, the luminous efficacy is 50 Im / W. The color rendering index Ra and the R9 value are just under 100. These very good values are independent of a dimming down to 50% of the full output, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, where the wall load between 20, 30 and 40 W / cm 2 varies (corresponding to 50%, 75% and 100% dimming level). Therefore, this lamp is very suitable as a replacement for incandescent lamps. The color temperature T n can be regulated continuously between 3400 and 2950 K by dimming. The change in the color coordinates x and y during dimming follows almost exactly along the Planck curve (FIG. 4). The correct amount of addition of TlJ plays an important role in this. This finding is extremely advantageous compared to previous fillings.
Im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, dessen Spektrum in Figur 5 gezeigt ist, betrug die Brennspannung 80 V. Das molare Verhältnis CaMH:DyMH = 29:39 = 0,74. Der R9-Index variiert gemäß Figur 6 zwischen 60 und 85, je nach Dimmung, der Ra lag immer deutlich über 90, die Farbtemperatur lag beim Dimmen zwischen 50 und 100% fast konstant bei etwa 3100 K. Der R9-Wert liegt bei etwa 50 bei einer niedrigen Dimmung nahe 50% (entsprechend einer Wandbelastung von 20 W/cm2), jedoch ziemlich hoch, bei 75 bis 80 bei hoher Dimmung bis 100% der möglichen Leistung (Wandbelastung von typisch 32 W/cm2). Die Farbkoordinaten x und y zeigt Figur 7.In the second exemplary embodiment, the spectrum of which is shown in FIG. 5, the operating voltage was 80 V. The molar ratio CaMH: DyMH = 29:39 = 0.74. According to FIG. 6, the R9 index varies between 60 and 85, depending on the dimming, the Ra was always well above 90, the color temperature when dimming between 50 and 100% was almost constant at around 3100 K. The R9 value is around 50 at low dimming close to 50% (corresponding to a wall load of 20 W / cm 2 ), but quite high, at 75 to 80 with high dimming up to 100% of the possible power (wall load of typically 32 W / cm 2 ). The color coordinates x and y are shown in FIG. 7.
In einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel, dessen Spektrum in Figur 8 gezeigt ist, betrug die Brennspannung 73 V. Das molare Verhältnis CaMH:DyMH = 30:45 = 0,67. Zur Spannungsanpassung wurde ein Gemisch aus InJ und HfBr4 verwendet. Beim Dimmen (Figur 9) zeigt sich ein sehr stabiles Verhalten: Alle Farbindices (Ra und R9) zeigen ein nahezu konstantes Verhalten und nahezu keine Abhängigkeit vom Dimmgrad. Der Rotwert R9 ist deutlich oberhalb 70 und der Ra liegt bei etwa 95. Die Farbkoordinaten x und y (Figur 10) liegen bei Dimmung auf konstanter Farbtemperatur von etwa 3000 K.In a third exemplary embodiment, the spectrum of which is shown in FIG. 8, the operating voltage was 73 V. The molar ratio CaMH: DyMH = 30:45 = 0.67. A mixture of InJ and HfBr 4 was used to adjust the voltage. Dimming (Figure 9) shows very stable behavior: all color indices (Ra and R9) show almost constant behavior and almost no dependence on the degree of dimming. The red value R9 is clearly above 70 and the Ra is around 95. The color coordinates x and y (FIG. 10) are at a constant color temperature of around 3000 K when dimmed.
In allen Ausführungsbeispielen betrug für das Entladungsgefäß, das ein Ellipsoid darstellt, das Verhältnis der inneren Longitudinal- zu Lateral-Dimension etwa 1,7. Die innere axiale Länge war 12 mm (als Gesamtlänge der einbeschriebenen Ellipse (gestrichelt in Figur 1 dargestellt) interpretiert), der innere maximale Durchmesser des kreisförmig ausgebauchten Entladungsgefäßes quer zur Lampenachse betrug 7 mm.In all the exemplary embodiments, the discharge vessel had an ellipsoid represents the ratio of the internal longitudinal to lateral dimension about 1.7. The inner axial length was 12 mm (as the total length of the inscribed ellipse (shown in dashed lines in Figure 1) interpreted), the inner maximum diameter of the circularly bulged discharge vessel transverse to the lamp axis was 7 mm.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19937312A DE19937312A1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 1999-08-10 | Mercury-free metal halide lamp |
DE19937312 | 1999-08-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1076353A1 true EP1076353A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
EP1076353B1 EP1076353B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
Family
ID=7917556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00107219A Expired - Lifetime EP1076353B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2000-04-01 | Mercury-free metal halide lamp |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6469446B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1076353B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4531946B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100710930B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1248285C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE272895T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2315492A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19937312A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2224949T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU224078B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
KR20010024584A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2001-03-26 | 모리시타 요이찌 | Anhydrous silver halide lamp |
EP1158567A2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-11-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamp operating apparatus and mercury-free metal halide lamp |
WO2007078786A2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-07-12 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6639343B2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2003-10-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free metal halide lamp |
JP2003100251A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-04 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | Mercury-free arc tube for discharge lamp apparatus |
JP2004063158A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-26 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | Discharge bulb |
DE60311670T2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-10-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | MERCURY-FREE METAL HALOGENIDE LAMP |
WO2004112086A1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2004-12-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Metal halide lamp |
JP4295700B2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2009-07-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | Method for lighting metal halide lamp and lighting device |
JP4320379B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2009-08-26 | ハリソン東芝ライティング株式会社 | Metal halide lamp and metal halide lamp lighting device |
JP5534641B2 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2014-07-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | Metal halide lamp |
US7012375B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2006-03-14 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Thallium-free metal halide fill for discharge lamps and discharge lamp containing same |
US7265493B2 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2007-09-04 | General Electric Company | Mercury-free compositions and radiation sources incorporating same |
US20080001543A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2008-01-03 | Takahito Kashiwagi | Metal Halide Lamp and Lighting Equipment |
US7847484B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-12-07 | General Electric Company | Mercury-free and sodium-free compositions and radiation source incorporating same |
WO2006117713A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Metal halide lamp |
JP2007053004A (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2007-03-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Metal-halide lamp and lighting system using it |
US7714512B2 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2010-05-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | High red color rendition metal halide lamp |
US7633228B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Mercury-free metal halide discharge lamp |
US8710742B2 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2014-04-29 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Metal halide lamps with fast run-up and methods of operating the same |
CN104183466A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-03 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Ceramic halogen lamp |
GB2538808A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-11-30 | Hanovia Ltd | Mercury-free gas-discharge lamp |
CN111554562A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2020-08-18 | 李昆达 | Electrodeless lamp |
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US3758805A (en) * | 1971-10-27 | 1973-09-11 | Us Navy | A high intensity light source |
JPS5231583A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1977-03-10 | Toshiba Corp | Lamp discharging metallic fumes |
JPH0992204A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-04-04 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | Metal halide lamp and its lighting device and illuminating device |
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JPH1021833A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-23 | Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture of sealing material for matal halide lamp |
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US20030141818A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Kelly Timothy Lee | Metal halide lamp with enhanced red emission |
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-
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- 2000-04-01 EP EP00107219A patent/EP1076353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-01 ES ES00107219T patent/ES2224949T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-01 AT AT00107219T patent/ATE272895T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-12 CN CNB001183117A patent/CN1248285C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-03 US US09/631,841 patent/US6469446B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-09 HU HU0003245A patent/HU224078B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-09 CA CA002315492A patent/CA2315492A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-09 JP JP2000241701A patent/JP4531946B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-10 KR KR1020000046284A patent/KR100710930B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO1998045872A1 (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Metal halide lamp |
DE19731168A1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-28 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Illumination system |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20010024584A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2001-03-26 | 모리시타 요이찌 | Anhydrous silver halide lamp |
EP1158567A2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-11-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamp operating apparatus and mercury-free metal halide lamp |
EP1158567A3 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2002-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamp operating apparatus and mercury-free metal halide lamp |
US6608444B2 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2003-08-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamp operating apparatus and mercury-free metal halide lamp |
WO2007078786A2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-07-12 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
WO2007078786A3 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2008-08-14 | Gen Electric | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2224949T3 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
HUP0003245A3 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
ATE272895T1 (en) | 2004-08-15 |
DE50007265D1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
CA2315492A1 (en) | 2001-02-10 |
EP1076353B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
CN1248285C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
HU224078B1 (en) | 2005-05-30 |
KR20010050037A (en) | 2001-06-15 |
CN1283867A (en) | 2001-02-14 |
US6469446B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
JP2001076670A (en) | 2001-03-23 |
HU0003245D0 (en) | 2000-10-28 |
HUP0003245A2 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
JP4531946B2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
KR100710930B1 (en) | 2007-04-23 |
DE19937312A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
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