DE2009684A1 - Arc discharge lamp - Google Patents

Description

PA Γ Γ -ΝΤΛ J : W λ T / r- U “ITT * IS «. Jt _ ■ # ■ r il .'.- - ij : vi> Λ ; γ : f j TB -WEI. 1137 11'UASSE
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200968Λ

Augsburg, February 27, 197Q

Westingnouse iZlectrie Corporation, 3datev / ay Center, Pennsylvania, United States of America

3ogen discharge larirpe

(Addition to patent (patent application amtliches

Aktenzeicaen P 15 39 400.5)):

The main patent (patent application, official

Aktenzeicaen P 15 39 400.5) relates to halogen discharge lamps ait an elongated discharge tube with vorb-e agrees Volume, with discharge electrodes located within the Lintladungsröhre are arranged at the ends and a

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certain ... openliln .; » define, and a filling, uelche to maintain a ", ntla-luri;.; in the discharge tube serves unl '.folche in. essentials from certain' .'en-s of mercury, jysprosium, thallium, iodine and one: ·, ionizable Gtartedel ^ as consists.

The high-pressure .ueckEilberdami-i'-lntladun; alair.pe has been known as "street lighting" because of its blue-white light '; developed to a Larape niit ".uteri V / irkun ^ o. ^ rad and long lifespan. ! .in -_; large Ilacäteil der .lociidrack- ^ ueclcoilberdar.pi'-rrtladun-slar.pe int jedoc.i the characteristic blue-v; eir: .e Licr.t π with its extremely poor i-'arb ab Radiation. Recently it has been possible to add individual or correlated metallic halo-enes to the mercury dancfentladUxig to determine: the spectral characteristics of the. Jirkunrrsgrad up to 100 .. 'to increase or /. Tremendous improvements in the raro tonal behavior with a simultaneous increase in efficiency in order to achieve ϋθ% . With regard to the metal additions, many problems have arisen ;: appeared to be unsuitable,

because they attack the,! uar: jkolben cher..isch or a vapor pressure have that at normal work temperatures

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is low. Occasionally, most of the commercial lamps of the additive type used successfully in the filling to maintain the discharge contained sodium in general, never in the form of iodine, as it is effective; the addition of which results in a significant improvement in the degree of efficiency - A particularly successful lamp contained sodium, indium and thallium JOdide additives, - which have a comparatively white shade and. cause a light output of 8Q Luimsn / '; iatt to · 85 Lnmen / Yiatt * A discharge lamp of this type is, for example, in the main patent ... .- .... -,. ".... Official filing number. ? 15 89 AOO. 5) eri! * Which- certain quantities of mercury,

xd;,: contains mercury iodide and oysprosium metal and which light emits a pleasant color and both excellent radiation irons. especially 'in iroteri Spekt ralbere I, as well as high efficiency has and; it also enables - that with commercial veütretfcaren iuecksilt> ei? additive lamps on! iatrium not with its many disadvantageous properties can be dispensed with.

The above-described DysprDsiumjodidlanpe represents a light source ¹ drawn from the drawing, but it has been shown that in the course of time a darkening of the light source that occurs in all lamps contained in it.

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Charge tube takes place. This darkening has the consequence that the lamp heats up and that the lamp efficiency decreases as the operating time progresses. The dysprosium iodide lamp, for example, has an initial luminous efficacy of around 90 lumens / watt, which, however, already undergoes a reduction of around 28% after 1000 hours of operation. In all discharge lamps in which metal iodides are used, this decrease in efficiency is caused by the filling to maintain the discharge. Although the use of other halogen metals has been suggested, none of them have been successfully applied to mercury additive lamps to date.

The invention includes an improvement or further development of the protected areas in the main patent Invention, the object of which is to be achieved, darkening in discharge lamps of the type mentioned the discharge tube or a drop in efficiency. to be avoided as the operating time progresses.

In order to achieve this object, the invention includes an arc discharge lamp with an elongated one Discharge tube with predetermined! Volume, as well as with

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Discharge electrodes, which ^{are arranged inside the discharge tube 1} at the ends thereof and define a certain arc length, and with a filling to maintain a discharge in the discharge tube, according to patent ...........

(Patent application amtl. File number P 15 89 400.5), which according to the invention is characterized in that feeder are connected to the electrodes and melted into the discharge lamp and that the filling certain amounts of thallium iodide and mercury bromide contains.

The invention is described below with reference to the as Example drawings described in more detail, polygamy show in detail:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a

Discharge lamp after the Invention in which parts of the outer bulb and discharge tube are broken open are shown, and

Fig. 2 - "" a diagram in which

the light output of the lamp

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is plotted over the service life.

In i? 'Ig. 1 is generally the arrangement of a high pressure • iueckilberdanpf discharge lamp shown in which the additives or the additional materials according to the invention Find application. The lamp, indicated generally at 10, includes a radiolucent, dense outer Piston 12, which is tightly connected to a standard base 14. In the outer piston 12 is an inner one Piston or a discharge tube Iu arranged. The discharge tube 16 is within the outer piston 12 by a conventional frame 13 and a pair of yokes 20 attached. Two 'Jolfram working electrodes 22 and 24 are inserted or melted in a sealed manner in the inner bulb or in the discharge tube 16 and in each case on opposite sides Ends of the discharge tube attached. The electrodes 22 and 24 are each provided with sealing tape wires conventionally passed through the opposite ends of the discharge tube 16. Furthermore is a Ignition electrode 28 by means of a further sealing strip wire inserted in the vicinity of the electrode 24 in the discharge tube 16 tightly.

The frame 18 is supported by a feeder

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conventional supply conductor pair 30 carried, which by a projecting into the interior of the piston 12 Oilass stamp. 32 runs through, which in turn with the Socket l4 is connected, which is connected to a conventional Power source 3 ^ is connected.

The electrodes 24, 26 and 23 are each electrical connected to one or the other of the supply conductors 30. An ignition resistor 36 is above the frame between one of the supply conductors 30 and the ignition electrode 23 switched.

The lamp is essentially of a conventional type or in the manner already described.

To maintain a sufficiently high temperature in what are usually the coldest parts of the world Discharge tube, i.e. in those parts, polygamy are located behind the electrodes, there is a heat protection jacket, e.g. a jacket made of zirconium oxide-silicon dioxide, applied as a suspension with nitrocellulose to that part of each of the discharge tube ends which each surrounds an electrode. These Sheathing causes a cold spot temperature with

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not less than 6 *? ϋ ^ο C is retained.

It is already known that in lamp manufacture of the filling maintaining the discharge l'halliura iodide, mercury iodide, dysprosium metal and Mercury can be added. During lamp operation, the mercury iodide combines with the dysprosium such that mercury and dysprosium,] odid are formed which latter essentially produces the red spectral component of the discharge. This lamp has the best color radiation characteristics ever can be achieved with a mercury additive lamp, it However, sicL has shown that the wall of the discharge tube n.it increasing operating time due to .vclfraiiniecorechlag darkens, -which of the electrodes turns off and causes the lamp to heat up or fail. It has emerged completely unexpectedly that when the mercury iodide of the known lamps is replaced by mercury bromide is replaced, the darkening of the wall is significantly reduced and the lamp operating properties are significantly reduced be improved. The reason for this phenomenon is to be found in the fact that through the bromine which the tungsten cleans, a Wolfran analog cycle is set in motion. Obviously no such tungsten-halogen-

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Cleaning cycle initiated.

The lamp according to the invention has a discharge that maintains the discharge during lamp operation Filling, which contains certain amounts of thallium iodide, Contains dysprosium bromide and mercury. During the manufacture of the lamp, an initial filling 38 has certain characteristics Amounts of thallium iodide, mercury bromide, dysprosium metal and mercury. An initial filling would be ideal the lamp with dysprosium bromide. However, since DysprosiumbrOmid is not stable in air, it is very difficult to handle in lamp manufacture.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the discharge tube 16 has an inner volume of 12 cm, the distance between the tips of the electrodes 22 and 24 is approximately 51 mm and the wall of the discharge tube is approximately 1 mm thick. Mercury vapor lamps of this type are generally designed for a power consumption of 400 watts and contain an ignition or starting gas, for example argon, at a pressure of about 20 Torr to 25 Torr. In this particular Αμβ-embodiment of the invention, an amount of about 22 mg to 40 mg of mercury also forms part of the

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^ · Aui'recütern ^ l send iViiliun ". Ir :, iio betrioo dei 'Jjampe and "lit a Kaltilock-it": between ^ u <J and ■ 7 ^ 0 G evaporates aiest «c Eienge complete and reach a ^ irucl ·: of more expensive Atmospheres. r> ei completely owediri ^ ueCi '>.'; ilber a tension unreaoi'all of about 1j> J> occurs at the Lar.pe on.

JJie addition to _<o ueclcsilber existing inventory file are to ^ enänert in the following i-tight vcr: 1.0 n _;:: ra to 10.0; - · ihalliunjodid, 5.0 mg to 1> 0 :: r. . ₆ uecksili> er · - Lror.-ii and 1.0 mg to ^, 0 iri.j L, vspro £ iuK: raetall. Far more than the specific sources of silver bromide and jysprosium metal is the fact that these two components must be present in approximately stoichiometric quantities when the lamp is initially filled, with a slight excess of dysprosium metal because of the impurity of the commercially available dysprosium metal and because of the formation of dysprosium oxide should be present during handling of the üysprosiummetall.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge tube 16 of the lamp 10 has an initial filling of about 5 mg TlI, about 10 mg HgBr ₂ , about 3.5 mg Dy and about

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36 mg Hg after a short initial period of operation during lamp manufacture, which is carried out by a specialist is referred to as "aging", these filling components are transformed in such a way that about 8 inr DyBr ,, about 42 mg Hg and 5 mg J? 1J are formed.

The lamp is at the beginning in approximately stoichiometric Quantities filled with mercury bromide and uysprosiuiiraietall because the presence if there is too little dysprosium, the radiation of the arbors, especially the red component, while the presence of too much dysprosium influences the formation of brown spots causes on the discharge tube and thus affects the light output of the lamp.

It has been shown that for discharge tubes of a different structure the following amounts of filling / constituents are necessary so that the lamp according to the invention results: 5.4 mg to 8.0 mg of mercury per cm of arc length, approx.> 3 "mg 015 2.0 mg thallium oodide per cm of arc length, approx 0.2 mg to 1.0 mg of dysprosium metal per cm of arc length and about 1.0 mg to J, C mg of mercury bromide per cm of arc length.

For building the preferred embodiment of a

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Lamp according to the invention with; Discharge tubes of different size must be the preferred .Füllung to maintain the discharge from about 1.0 mg thallium iodide per cm arc length, about 2.0 mg mercury bromide Pi ¹ O cn arc length, about 0.7 mg per cm dysprosium metal arc length and about 7.0 mg Contains mercury per cm of arc length.

2 it can be seen that both the bromide lamp and the iodide lamp have essentially the same initial light output (in lm / W); 90 lm / W *. After 200 hours of operation, the light output of the iodide lamp has dropped considerably, since tungsten from the tungsten electrodes has deposited on the wall of the internal tube. The light output of the iodide lamp has decreased by 14 lm / W after 200 hours of operation, while the drop in the bromide lamp is only about 6 lm / r / The remaining part of the ^{diagram shown in I 1} Ig.2 shows that the difference in the luminous efficacy of about 10 j6 is maintained over the entire service life of the lamp and that this is the case The difference after 1,000 operating hours is still around 9 lm / W.

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ORlGiNAL INSPECTED

The expected improvement in lamp performance by around 10 % or 9 lm / W when using dysprosium bromide is of great importance for the lamp industry.

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From the above it follows that in the lamp according to the invention, the precipitate of Tungsten on the lamp wall is avoided by the fact that the bromine combines with the tungsten, in such a way that that a so-called tungsten-halogen cycle reaction occurs. Such a cycle reaction occurs Use of dysprosium ^ odid does not occur. As a result of that replaced the mercury iodide with mercury bromide and thus a dysprosium bromide discharge is generated, the excellent 3? color radiation of the iodine lamp remains obtained, the undesirable decrease in the light output However, it is largely avoided.

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Claims (2)

200968Α 11 claims: 1. Arc discharge lamp with an elongated Discharge tubes with a predetermined volume, as well as with discharge electrodes, which are inside the discharge tube at the ends of which are arranged and have a constant arc length define, and with a filling to maintain I ^ maintenance of a discharge in the discharge tube, after Patent (ratentanmeldun ;: air.tl. -aktenz.:l 15 characterized in that feed conductor (^ 0) iait the Electrodes (24, 26, 23) are connected and melted into the discharge lamp (10) and that the filling determined Contains quantities of 'fhallium ^ odia and ^ mercury bromide ;. 2. Discharge lamp according to claim 1, the filling of which contains mercury, characterized in that the A certain amount of mercury contained in the filling after complete evaporation during normal lamp operation together with certain types of Ihalliungodid, Mercury bromide and lysprosium metal in the discharge tube (16) generates a certain mercury vapor pressure in such a way that a tungsten-halogen cycle occurs in the discharge tube is set in motion. 0098 38/1537 3- ^ discharge lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metals which are in the Filling are included, are available at the beginning in the following amount each per centimeter of arc length: a) 6.4 mg to 8.0 mg of mercury, b) 0.2 mg to 2.0 mg thallium iodide, c) 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg queek sirber bromide, and d) 0.2 ing to 1.0 mg dysprosiuirj: .etall. Λ. Jiintladimsjrslanpe according to claim 3 »characterized in that when the lamp (.1C) is put into operation, the dysprosium is present in the form of dysprosium bromide and that the relative gram-atom ratio of the total dysprosium to the total bromide causes _{the formation of BvSr 7,} 5 «discharge lamp according to one of claims 1 to 4, dadurcli indicated that mercury was initially in an amount of about 7.0 mg per cm of sheet length is present, that further the thallium iodide initially in an amount of about 1.0 mg per cm of sheet length is present, and d.ass that Mercury bromide initially in an amount of about 2.0 mg is present per cm 3ogen length. '^' -. \: "- 009838/1537 BATH ORlQIMAL Blank page