EP1074795B1 - Method for hydraulic calibrating a heating installation - Google Patents
Method for hydraulic calibrating a heating installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1074795B1 EP1074795B1 EP00115690A EP00115690A EP1074795B1 EP 1074795 B1 EP1074795 B1 EP 1074795B1 EP 00115690 A EP00115690 A EP 00115690A EP 00115690 A EP00115690 A EP 00115690A EP 1074795 B1 EP1074795 B1 EP 1074795B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- radiators
- radiator
- return
- valve
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
- F24D19/1018—Radiator valves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for hydraulic balancing a hot water heating system which (at least one) Circulation pump and several radiators, the Radiator with an adjustable flow valve, a flow-adjustable return valve and one lockable ventilation opening are provided.
- the object is achieved by the invention, a method for to create hydraulic balancing of a heating system and to be designed in such a way that the desired pressure difference in thermal calculations controllable and verifiably adjusted.
- This can be achieved, the hot water heating systems energetically to be able to operate particularly economically to use less energy consume and thus reduce the environmental impact.
- the controllability of the upcoming technical values an optimization of the system function reached.
- the pressure difference on the radiator for the maximum flow volume flow Help of the already existing or to be installed Return valve set.
- This setting is always with fully opened inlet valve (thermostatic valve).
- the size of the volume flow is below the maximum value then determined by the thermostatic valve.
- a default on Thermostat valve is therefore generally no longer required, but in certain cases may be additional be provided.
- For the return valves it is recommended especially in new buildings, to choose a construction that will their throttling behavior the most accurate setting possible favored.
- measurements are made directly on the respective Radiator done.
- the possible measuring location ranges from Inlet valve to the return valve.
- This is Have fixed measuring devices used or the Mount measuring devices for the purpose of the respective measurements or can be dismantled, it is preferred according to the invention, firmly installed measuring connections to be provided, which for the connection of the measuring device can be used. hereby becomes a simplified but safe measurement for each Setting allows, with labor costs and energy expenditure be saved. By saving on labor and Such demand connections are special in terms of energy costs economically.
- Such a demand measurement connection is made according to the invention in particular instead of the usual vent plugs the radiators provided and used.
- a accordingly designed manually operated ventilation and Measuring connection valve there are simple possibilities for Venting, pressure relief, filling and measurement on everyone Radiator.
- the connections can be self-opening at Connect and self-close when disconnecting Venting and / or measuring devices. Therefore allow such valves a simple, clean, quick and safe How to use the adjustment procedure without to shut down the system.
- Such one Connection is in EP-99104565.9 by the same applicant described.
- the invention provides an exact, measurable setting of the predetermined differential pressure ⁇ p on each individual radiator allows. So the hydraulic balancing can be carried out so that, when used as intended, all Heat consumers according to their heating requirements with heating water be supplied.
- the setting values of the respective String controls are measured and monitored. Over a There is a measuring point for each line, floor or residential unit Possibility of the desired values for the string regulation adjust, review, monitor and each adjust the connected radiator individually.
- Throttle point as constant throttle or constant set Throttle point is parallel to the rest of the system and one Current division in the system and physical Fact that liquids are always the way of the least Resistance is a flow adjustment through the Setting the pressure difference via the constant throttle point possible if a second adjustable throttle point with the constant throttle point is connected in series. This This also occurs with heating systems.
- thermostatic valves (flow valves) ZLV so far turn on that your setting the maximum setting during corresponds to normal heating operation without a Thermostat effect already occurs.
- the Return valves RLV are still adjusted, the Setting to the exact or desired flow value is simple and controllable.
- the flow rate of the individual radiators adjust that the cooling of the heating water in the upper Floors can be taken into account by the Throughput to a slightly higher value with these radiators
- procedure I all measurements are made for the desired pressures and to set the pressure difference on single radiator over a single measurement and Vent connection, which instead of the usual Vent plug is used.
- the first comparison should Basically preferably in a cold system, when the system is closed Mixer and running pump are carried out.
- the Setting value for the pressure difference is obtained by subtracting the desired ⁇ p calculated from the inlet pressure and with constant Control set by the pressure measurement on the return valve.
- Thermostat valves may also have a different basic setting, but which would have to be documented so that the starting position is repeatable.
- the procedure described does not only include that Hydraulic balancing process by adjusting the Pressure difference ⁇ p on the individual radiator, but also offers the possibility by appropriate measurements or simple Calculations of the overall hydraulic function of a To be able to assess the heating system.
- the setting of the pressure difference on the individual radiator is namely depending on the constancy of the inlet pressure before the Consumer during the setting process.
- the first comparison should preferably be used in cold systems closed mixer and running pump. Since the inlet pressure is an important control variable for the Plant function, it may be desirable to have at least one Measuring point for this on every floor or in every living unit provided. This makes sense on every floor because the static pressure and thus the readings of the Inlet pressures have different values. This measuring point can e.g. be installed in the bathroom or in the toilet. If the operator has a manometer permanently connected there even the ability to easily use the heating function to be able to control from his apartment. He can e.g. assess whether the system - after venting - again must be filled up and whether e.g. the desired values for the respective string regulation can be kept.
- Figure 4 shows the principle History of important pressure values. Please note the following.
- the measuring points shown follow an imaginary, vertical one running pipeline with assumed height and fictitious Resistance values.
- the display does not show the additional resistances resulting from the Distribution networks on the respective floors.
- the zero point for the double-sided coordinate system is then in the idle state for the static pressure (p ST ) and for the minimum pressure (p M ) at 0 1 .
- the intersection of the straight line Zu with the X-axis (P-values) indicates the pressure measured directly behind the pump in the inlet, which is referred to as inlet pressure in the further course of the system.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum hydraulischen Abgleich einer Warmwasser-Heizungsanlage, welche (wenigstens eine) Umwälzpumpe und mehrere Heizkörper aufweist, wobei die Heizkörper mit einem im Durchfluss verstellbaren Zulaufventil, einem im Durchfluss verstellbaren Rücklaufventil und einer absperrbaren Entlüftungsöffnung versehen sind.The invention relates to a method for hydraulic balancing a hot water heating system which (at least one) Circulation pump and several radiators, the Radiator with an adjustable flow valve, a flow-adjustable return valve and one lockable ventilation opening are provided.
Mit der Umwälzpumpe in derartigen Heizungsanlagen werden die Druckverluste im Verteilnetz überwunden und die Zirkulation des Heizwassers vom Wärmeerzeuger zu den Heizkörpern als Verbraucher und zurück erreicht. Falls die Heizungsanlage nicht hydraulisch abgeglichen wird, kann es zur Überversorgung oder Unterversorgung strömungstechnisch bevorzugter bzw. benachteiligter Verbraucher kommen. Wird dieser Mangel durch die Erhöhung der Pumpenleistung korrigiert, resultiert daraus eine unnötig hohe elektrische Antriebsleistung an der Umwälzpumpe. Mangelnder hydraulischer Abgleich führt überdies zu einer ungleichmäßigen Wärmeabgabe, zu Geräuschen in der Anlage, zur Einschränkung der Regelfähigkeit und damit dazu, dass notwendige Temperaturdifferenzen nicht erreicht werden.With the circulation pump in such heating systems Pressure losses in the distribution network are overcome and the circulation of the Heating water from the heat generator to the radiators as Reached consumers and back. If the heating system is not is hydraulically balanced, it can lead to oversupply or Undersupply of preferred fluid flow or disadvantaged consumers come. Is this lack due to Corrected the increase in pump output results from this an unnecessarily high electrical drive power at the Circulation pump. A lack of hydraulic balancing also leads to an uneven heat emission, to noise in the System, to limit the ability to regulate and thus to that necessary temperature differences are not reached.
In der Verdingungsordnung für Bauleistungen (VOB/DIN 18380) wird daher gefordert: ".... Der hydraulische Abgleich ist so vorzunehmen, dass bei bestimmungsgemäßem Betrieb, also z.B. auch nach Raumtemperaturabsenkung oder Betriebspausen der Heizanlage, alle Wärmeverbraucher entsprechend ihres Wärmebedarfs mit Heizwasser versorgt werden". Bei der praktischen Durchführung des hydraulischen Druckausgleichs bedeutete dies bisher, die richtige Voreinstellung der sich aus der Wärmebedarfsrechnung ergebenden Wassermengen an den Verbrauchern über vom Hersteller mitgelieferte Diagramme, Datenschieber und Softwareprogramme zu ermitteln und mit Hilfe der Zulaufventile, die überwiegend als Thermostatventile ausgeführt sind, und der Rücklaufventile durchzuführen. In the terms of reference for construction work (VOB / DIN 18380) is therefore required: ".... The hydraulic balancing is like this to ensure that when used as intended, e.g. even after lowering the room temperature or when the Heating system, all heat consumers according to their Heating needs are supplied with heating water " practical implementation of hydraulic pressure compensation So far, this meant the correct default setting the amount of water resulting from the heat demand calculation Consumers via diagrams supplied by the manufacturer, To determine data sliders and software programs and with the help of the inlet valves, which are predominantly used as thermostatic valves are carried out and the return valves.
Aus der DE-OS 4 221 725 ist es auch bekannt, zur Vermeidung eines Abgleichs nach Schätz- oder Rechenwerten zunächst alle Heizkörper-Thermostatventile voll zu öffnen und in jedem Raum die dadurch entstehende Raumtemperatur zu messen. Dann werden die Ventile in den zu hoch aufgeheizten Räumen so weit geschlossen, dass sich in allen Räumen die gewünschte gleichmäßige Solltemperatur einstellt, und den nun vorliegenden Öffnungsgrad jedes einzelnen Ventils als maximale Offenstellung für alle weiteren Regelaktivitäten in das zentrale Regelgerät einzugeben. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist jedoch zeitaufwendig, ungenau und insbesondere im Hinblick auf Einsparungen in der benötigten Energiemenge nicht mehr zeitgemäß.From DE-OS 4 221 725 it is also known to avoid a comparison according to estimated or calculated values, initially all Radiator thermostatic valves open fully and in every room to measure the resulting room temperature. Then be the valves in the too high heated rooms so far concluded that the desired in all rooms uniform target temperature, and the current one Degree of opening of each individual valve as maximum open position for all other control activities in the central control device enter. However, such a method is time-consuming inaccurate and especially with regard to savings in the amount of energy no longer required.
Durch die Erfindung wird die Aufgabe gelöst, ein Verfahren zum hydraulischen Abgleichen einer Heizungsanlage zu schaffen und so zu gestalten, dass sich an jedem Heizkörper die aufgrund von wärmetechnischen Berechnungen gewünschte Druckdifferenz kontrollierbar und nachweisbar einstellen lässt. Hierdurch kann erreicht werden, die Warmwasserheizungsanlagen energetisch besonders sparsam betreiben zu können, um weniger Energie zu verbrauchen und damit die Umweltbelastung zu verringern. Außerdem wird durch die Kontrollierbarkeit der in Frage kommenden technischen Werte eine Optimierung der Systemfunktion erreicht.The object is achieved by the invention, a method for to create hydraulic balancing of a heating system and to be designed in such a way that the desired pressure difference in thermal calculations controllable and verifiably adjusted. This can be achieved, the hot water heating systems energetically to be able to operate particularly economically to use less energy consume and thus reduce the environmental impact. In addition, the controllability of the upcoming technical values an optimization of the system function reached.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß insbesondere erreicht durch die Merkmale, die in einem der Patentansprüche beschrieben sind.According to the invention, this is achieved in particular by the Features described in one of the claims.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind nicht nur die Einstellvorgänge für die Druckdifferenz an den einzelnen Heizkörpern enthalten, sondern durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird auch die Beurteilung der hydraulischen Gesamtfunktion einer Heizungsanlage und eine Dokumentation der technischen Werte derselben ermöglicht. Diese Dokumentation soll dazu dienen, die bei der Inbetriebnahme fixierten Werte zu registrieren. Sie ist ein Beleg für die Einstellwerte und kann im Bedarfsfall für Kontrolle und Nachjustierung benutzt werden. In the method according to the invention, not only are Adjustment processes for the pressure difference on the individual Radiators included, but by the invention The procedure will also be hydraulic Overall function of a heating system and documentation of the technical values of the same. This documentation should serve to fix the values fixed during commissioning to register. It is proof of the setting values and can can be used for control and readjustment if necessary.
Außerdem kann sie dazu verwendet werden, bei später auftretenden Störungen durch Messen eine eventuelle Abweichung von der Normalfunktion (Störung) festzustellen, um eine schnelle und sichere Beurteilung der Störungsursache zu ermöglichen.It can also be used later Any malfunctions caused by measuring a possible deviation from normal function (fault) to determine a quick and reliable assessment of the cause of the fault enable.
Nach der Erfindung wird die Druckdifferenz am Heizkörper für den maximal durchfließenden Volumenstrom grundsätzlich mit Hilfe des ohnehin vorhandenen oder einzubauenden Rücklaufventils eingestellt. Diese Einstellung wird stets mit voll geöffnetem Zulaufventil (Thermostatventil) durchgeführt. Die Größe des Volumenstroms unterhalb des Maximalwertes wird dann vom Thermostatventil bestimmt. Eine Voreinstellung am Thermostatventil ist daher im allgemeinen nicht mehr erforderlich, kann aber in bestimmten Fällen zusätzlich vorgesehen sein. Für die Rücklaufventile ist es empfehlenswert, speziell bei Neubauten, eine Konstruktion zu wählen, die durch ihr Drosselverhalten eine möglichst genaue Einstellung begünstigt.According to the invention, the pressure difference on the radiator for the maximum flow volume flow Help of the already existing or to be installed Return valve set. This setting is always with fully opened inlet valve (thermostatic valve). The size of the volume flow is below the maximum value then determined by the thermostatic valve. A default on Thermostat valve is therefore generally no longer required, but in certain cases may be additional be provided. For the return valves, it is recommended especially in new buildings, to choose a construction that will their throttling behavior the most accurate setting possible favored.
Gemäß der Erfindung werden Messungen direkt am jeweiligen Heizkörper durchgeführt. Der mögliche Messort reicht vom Zulaufventil bis zum Rücklaufventil. Wenngleich sich hierzu festinstallierte Messgeräte verwenden lassen oder die Messgeräte zum Zwecke der jeweiligen Messungen montieren bzw. demontieren lassen, wird es erfindungsgemäß vorgezogen, fest installierte Messanschlüsse vorzusehen, die je nach Bedarf für den Anschluss des Messgerätes benutzt werden können. Hierdurch wird eine vereinfachte, aber sichere Messung für die jeweilige Einstellung ermöglicht, wobei Arbeitskosten und Energieaufwand eingespart werden. Durch die Einsparung an Arbeitsaufwand und Energiekosten sind derartige Bedarfsanschlüsse besonders wirtschaftlich.According to the invention, measurements are made directly on the respective Radiator done. The possible measuring location ranges from Inlet valve to the return valve. Although this is Have fixed measuring devices used or the Mount measuring devices for the purpose of the respective measurements or can be dismantled, it is preferred according to the invention, firmly installed measuring connections to be provided, which for the connection of the measuring device can be used. hereby becomes a simplified but safe measurement for each Setting allows, with labor costs and energy expenditure be saved. By saving on labor and Such demand connections are special in terms of energy costs economically.
Ein derartiger Bedarfsmessanschluß wird gemäß der Erfindung insbesondere anstelle der bisher üblichen Entlüftungsstopfen an den Heizkörpern vorgesehen und eingesetzt. Durch ein entsprechend gestaltetes manuell bedienbares Entlüftungs- und Messanschlußventil ergeben sich einfache Möglichkeiten für Entlüftung, Druckentlastung, Befüllung und Messung an jedem Heizkörper. Die Anschlüsse können selbstöffnend beim Anschließen und selbstschließend beim Abkoppeln von Entlüftungs- und/oder Messeinrichtungen sein. Daher gestatten solche Ventile eine einfache, saubere, schnelle und sichere Arbeitsweise bei der Handhabung des Einstellverfahrens, ohne das System außer Betrieb setzen zu müssen. Ein derartiger Anschluss ist in der EP-99104565.9 desselben Anmelders beschrieben.Such a demand measurement connection is made according to the invention in particular instead of the usual vent plugs the radiators provided and used. Through a accordingly designed manually operated ventilation and Measuring connection valve there are simple possibilities for Venting, pressure relief, filling and measurement on everyone Radiator. The connections can be self-opening at Connect and self-close when disconnecting Venting and / or measuring devices. Therefore allow such valves a simple, clean, quick and safe How to use the adjustment procedure without to shut down the system. Such one Connection is in EP-99104565.9 by the same applicant described.
Durch die Erfindung wird eine exakte, messbare Einstellung des vorgegebenen Differenzdruckes Δp an jedem einzelnen Heizkörper ermöglicht. Damit kann der hydraulische Abgleich so durchgeführt werden, dass bei bestimmungsgemäßem Betrieb alle Wärmeverbraucher entsprechend ihres Wärmebedarfs mit Heizwasser versorgt werden.The invention provides an exact, measurable setting of the predetermined differential pressure Δp on each individual radiator allows. So the hydraulic balancing can be carried out so that, when used as intended, all Heat consumers according to their heating requirements with heating water be supplied.
Weiter sollten die Einstellwerte der jeweiligen Strangregulierungen gemessen und überwacht werden. Über eine Messstelle pro Strang, Geschoss bzw. Wohneinheit besteht die Möglichkeit, die gewünschten Werte für die Strangregulierungen einzustellen, zu überprüfen, zu überwachen und die jeweils angeschlossenen Heizkörper individuell einzuregulieren.The setting values of the respective String controls are measured and monitored. Over a There is a measuring point for each line, floor or residential unit Possibility of the desired values for the string regulation adjust, review, monitor and each adjust the connected radiator individually.
Im folgenden werden mehrere Verfahrensweisen erläutert, die
abhängig sind von der Bestückung der Heizkörper mit Messstellen
für die Druckmessung. Die Verfahrensweisen werden in den
Figuren 1 bis 2 der Zeichnung anhand einer beispielgebenden
Heizungsanlage für drei Geschosse durch die symbolhaft
angegebene Bestückung der Anlagenteile erläutert und anhand
dieser Beispiele im folgenden beschrieben. Die
Bestückungssymbole sind aus Figur 3 ersichtlich.
- mit einem Mess- und Entlüftungsanschluß anstelle des bisher üblichen Entlüftungsstopfens
- mit einem Mess- und Entlüftungsanschluß anstelle des bisher üblichen Entlüftungsstopfens
- mit einem Mess- und Entlüftungsanschluß im Zulauf vor dem Thermostatventil
- with a measuring and venting connection instead of the previously used venting plug
- with a measuring and venting connection instead of the previously used venting plug
- with a measuring and ventilation connection in the inlet before the thermostatic valve
Für die hier verwendeten Druckangaben gelten die folgenden
Definitionen:
Seitens des Erfinders wurden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das physikalische Prinzip der Durchflußmengeneinstellung über Druckmessungen berücksichtigt. Dabei sind aus der Fluidtechnik die Vorgänge an Drosseln bekannt, die sich im Prinzip durch die Größen Durchfluß Q (l/min.), Drosselquerschnitt A (mm2) und die Druckdifferenz Δp (bar bzw. mbar) über die Drosselstelle beschreiben lassen. Die mathematische Beziehung ist dabei vereinfacht, dass der Durchfluß Q dem Drosselquerschnitt A x der Quadratwurzel aus der Druckdifferenz Δp proportional ist.On the part of the inventor, the physical principle of the flow rate setting via pressure measurements was taken into account in the method according to the invention. The processes on throttles are known from fluid technology, which can in principle be described by the flow rate Q (l / min.), Throttle cross section A (mm 2 ) and the pressure difference Δp (bar or mbar) via the throttle point. The mathematical relationship is simplified here that the flow Q is proportional to the throttle cross section A x the square root of the pressure difference Δp.
Unter der Voraussetzung, dass sich die beschriebene Drosselstelle als Konstantdrossel oder konstant eingestellte Drosselstelle parallel zu übrigen System befindet und eine Stromteilung im System vorliegt sowie der physikalischen Tatsache, dass Flüssigkeiten immer den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes gehen, ist eine Durchflußeinstellung durch das Einstellen der Druckdifferenz über die konstante Drosselstelle möglich, wenn eine zweite einstellbare Drosselstelle mit der konstanten Drosselstelle in Reihe nachgeschaltet ist. Dieser Sachverhalt tritt auch bei Heizungsanlagen auf.Provided that the described Throttle point as constant throttle or constant set Throttle point is parallel to the rest of the system and one Current division in the system and physical Fact that liquids are always the way of the least Resistance is a flow adjustment through the Setting the pressure difference via the constant throttle point possible if a second adjustable throttle point with the constant throttle point is connected in series. This This also occurs with heating systems.
Wichtig für die Durchflußmengeneinstellung ist hierbei nur das unmittelbare Druckgefälle über die konstante Drosselstelle, das Druckniveau spielt hierbei keine Rolle. Damit läßt sich bei Kenntnis der Kennlinie für die konstante Drosselstelle (Druckdifferenz/Durchfluß-Kennlinie) der Durchfluß problemlos über eine Druckdifferenzbestimmung einstellen. Der maximale Durchfluss ist erreicht, wenn die einstellbare Drosselstelle ganz geöffnet ist, bei geschlossener einstellbarer Drosselstelle ist der Durchfluß Null. Alle beliebigen anderen Einstellungen der Verstelldrossel folgen auf Grund der dann vorliegenden Druckdifferenz über die konstante Drosselstelle dem obengenannten Durchflußgesetz.Only that is important for the flow rate setting immediate pressure drop across the constant throttle, that Pressure level is irrelevant here. It can be used for Knowledge of the characteristic for the constant throttle point (Pressure difference / flow characteristic) the flow without problems set using a pressure difference determination. The maximum Flow is reached when the adjustable throttle point is fully open when adjustable The flow restriction is zero. Any other Settings of the variable throttle follow on the basis of pressure difference across the constant throttle point the above flow law.
Bei Heizkörpern, die im Zulauf und im Rücklauf eine Drosselstelle besitzen, kann die Regelung der Durchflußmenge über nacheinander ausgeführte Druckmessungen durchgeführt werden. Dabei gilt folgende Vereinbarung für den hydraulischen Abgleich gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bezüglich der Drosselstellen zu den Ventileinstellungen:
- Zulaufventil ZLV (Zulaufdrossel) ist soweit geöffnet, dass keine extra Querschnittsverengung durch die Thermostatwirkung des Ventiles eintritt. Das Ventil gilt für die weitere Betrachtung als konstante Drosselstelle.
- Rücklaufventil RLV (Ablaufdrossel) ist verstellbar von ganz geöffnet bis ganz geschlossen. Das Ventil gilt für die weitere Betrachtung als einstellbare Drosselstelle.
- Inlet valve ZLV (inlet throttle) is opened so far that there is no additional cross-sectional constriction due to the thermostatic effect of the valve. For further consideration, the valve applies as a constant throttle point.
- Return valve RLV (outlet throttle) is adjustable from fully open to fully closed. For further consideration, the valve is an adjustable throttle point.
Bei Inbetriebnahme und praktischem Abgleich müssen zunächst alle Drosselstellen der gesamten Heizkörper vorab bei einer Anlage grob aufeinander abgestimmt werden, das bedeutet:During commissioning and practical comparison, first of all all throttling points of the entire radiator in advance at one The system can be roughly coordinated, which means:
Die Thermostatventile (Vorlaufventile) ZLV soweit aufdrehen, dass ihre Einstellung der Maximaleinstellung während des normalen Heizungsbetriebes entspricht, ohne dass eine Thermostatwirkung bereits eintritt.The thermostatic valves (flow valves) ZLV so far turn on that your setting the maximum setting during corresponds to normal heating operation without a Thermostat effect already occurs.
Alle Rücklaufventile RLV ganz zudrehen, so dass bei diesen Heizkörpern keine Durchströmung auftritt, um somit einen hydraulischen Kurzschluß zu vermeiden.Turn all return valves RLV completely so that these Radiators no flow occurs, so a avoid hydraulic short circuit.
Dann die Rücklaufventile RLV der Reihe nach über das ALMAT-Control-Messgerät so einstellen, dass die einzelnen Heizkörper mit der gewünschten Durchflußmenge durchströmt werden.Then the return valves RLV one after the other via the ALMAT control measuring device so that the individual radiators are flowed through with the desired flow rate.
Danach die Einstellungen der einzelnen Heizkörper nochmals durch Messung der Durchflußmenge überprüfen, gegebenenfalls ist noch eine Feineinstellung vorzunehmen.Then the settings of the individual radiators again Check by measuring the flow rate, if necessary to make a fine adjustment.
Zur Feineinstellung der einzelnen Heizkörper müssen die Rücklaufventile RLV noch nachgestellt werden, wobei die Einstellung auf den exakten bzw. gewünschten Durchflußwert einfach und auch kontrollierbar möglich ist. Hiermit wird es sogar möglich, die Durchflußmenge der einzelnen Heizkörper so einzustellen, dass die Abkühlung des Heizwassers in den oberen Stockwerken dadurch berücksichtigt werden kann, indem der Durchsatz auf einen etwas höheren Wert bei diesen HeizkörpernFor the fine adjustment of the individual radiators, the Return valves RLV are still adjusted, the Setting to the exact or desired flow value is simple and controllable. Hereby it will even possible, the flow rate of the individual radiators adjust that the cooling of the heating water in the upper Floors can be taken into account by the Throughput to a slightly higher value with these radiators
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensweisen werden anhand der folgenden Beschreibungen weiter erläutert.The procedures according to the invention are based on the following descriptions further explained.
Bei der Verfahrensweise I erfolgen alle Messungen für die gewünschten Drücke und zum Einstellen der Druckdifferenz am einzelnen Heizkörper über einen einzigen Mess- und Entlüftungsanschluß, der anstelle des bisher üblichen Entlüftungsstopfens eingesetzt wird. Der erste Abgleich sollte grundsätzlich vorzugsweise bei kalter Anlage, bei geschlossenem Mischer und laufender Pumpe durchgeführt werden. Der Einstellwert für die Druckdifferenz wird durch Subtraktion des gewünschten Δp vom Zulaufdruck errechnet und bei ständiger Kontrolle durch die Druckmessung am Rücklaufventil eingestellt.In procedure I, all measurements are made for the desired pressures and to set the pressure difference on single radiator over a single measurement and Vent connection, which instead of the usual Vent plug is used. The first comparison should Basically preferably in a cold system, when the system is closed Mixer and running pump are carried out. The Setting value for the pressure difference is obtained by subtracting the desired Δp calculated from the inlet pressure and with constant Control set by the pressure measurement on the return valve.
Um eine letztgültige Aussage über die einregulierten Werte zu erhalten, kann man, ggf. nach der zweckmäßig von unten nach oben erfolgenden Druckeinstellung, noch einmal kontrollieren und, falls erforderlich, nachjustieren.To make a final statement about the regulated values can be obtained, if necessary, from the bottom to the bottom Check the pressure setting above, again and readjust if necessary.
Um den maximalen Volumenstrom zu reduzieren, könnten die Thermostatventile ggf. auch eine andere Grundeinstellung haben, die aber dokumentiert werden müßte, damit die Ausgangsposition wiederholbar ist.To reduce the maximum volume flow, the Thermostat valves may also have a different basic setting, but which would have to be documented so that the starting position is repeatable.
Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, den maximalen Volumenstrom bei voll geöffnetem Thermostatventil durch Einstellen eines unterschiedlichen Differenzdruckes zu verändern.But there is also the possibility of the maximum Volume flow with the thermostatic valve fully open Setting a different differential pressure change.
Die beschriebene Verfahrensweise beinhaltet nicht nur den Vorgang des hydraulischen Abgleichs durch Einstellung der Druckdifferenz Δp am einzelnen Heizkörper, sondern bietet auch die Möglichkeit, durch entsprechende Messungen bzw. einfache Berechnungen die hydraulische Gesamtfunktion einer Heizungsanlage beurteilen zu können.The procedure described does not only include that Hydraulic balancing process by adjusting the Pressure difference Δp on the individual radiator, but also offers the possibility by appropriate measurements or simple Calculations of the overall hydraulic function of a To be able to assess the heating system.
Eine vereinfachte Verfahrensweise, die z.B. bei Überprüfungen
der Einstellungen angewendet werden kann, ohne dass der Brenner
außer Betrieb zu setzen ist, oder einen schnellen Abgleich ohne
Erfassung der sonstigen technischen Werte, kann bei einer
schnell durchgeführten Messung, da ein Einschalten des Brenners
zu Druckänderungen führen kann, wie folgt durchgeführt werden:
Diese Verfahrensweise bietet die Möglichkeit, eine zusätzliche Messung vorzunehmen, um die Einstellung zu vereinfachen bzw. sicherer zu machen.This procedure offers the possibility of an additional one Measure to simplify the setting or to make it safer.
Die Einstellung der Druckdifferenz am einzelnen Heizkörper ist nämlich abhängig von der Konstanz des Zulaufdruckes vor dem Verbraucher während des Einstellvorganges. Der erste Abgleich sollte grundsätzlich vorzugsweise bei kalter Anlage, bei geschlossenem Mischer und laufender Pumpe durchgeführt werden. Da der Zulaufdruck eine wichtige Kontrollgröße für die Anlagenfunktion ist, kann es wünschenswert sein, zumindest eine Messstelle dafür in jedem Geschoss bzw. in jeder Wohneinheit vorzusehen. In jedem Geschoss ist dies deswegen sinnvoll, weil der statische Druck und damit die abgelesenen Werte der Zulaufdrücke unterschiedliche Werte haben. Diese Messstelle kann z.B. im Bad oder in der Toilette installiert werden. Wenn dort ein Manometer ständig angeschlossen ist, hat der Betreiber sogar die Möglichkeit, auf einfache Weise die Heizungsfunktion von seiner Wohnung aus kontrollieren zu können. Er kann z.B. beurteilen, ob das System - nach Entlüftungsvorgängen - wieder aufgefüllt werden muß und ob z.B. die gewünschten Werte für die jeweilige Strangregulierung gehalten werden.The setting of the pressure difference on the individual radiator is namely depending on the constancy of the inlet pressure before the Consumer during the setting process. The first comparison should preferably be used in cold systems closed mixer and running pump. Since the inlet pressure is an important control variable for the Plant function, it may be desirable to have at least one Measuring point for this on every floor or in every living unit provided. This makes sense on every floor because the static pressure and thus the readings of the Inlet pressures have different values. This measuring point can e.g. be installed in the bathroom or in the toilet. If the operator has a manometer permanently connected there even the ability to easily use the heating function to be able to control from his apartment. He can e.g. assess whether the system - after venting - again must be filled up and whether e.g. the desired values for the respective string regulation can be kept.
Zur Veranschaulichung der in den einzelnen Stockwerken vorhandenen Druckverhältnisse in der Heizungsanlage wird auf die Figur 4 verwiesen. Dabei zeigt Figur 4 den prinzipiellen Verlauf wichtiger Druckwerte. Dabei ist folgendes zu beachten.To illustrate those in the individual floors existing pressure conditions in the heating system will be on the figure 4 referred. Figure 4 shows the principle History of important pressure values. Please note the following.
Die gezeichneten Meßstellen folgen einer gedachten, senkrecht verlaufenden Rohrleitung mit angenommener Höhe und fiktiven Widerstandswerten. Dabei werden in der Darstellung nicht die zusätzlichen Widerstände berücksichtigt, die sich aus den Verteilungsnetzen in den jeweiligen Geschossen ergeben.The measuring points shown follow an imaginary, vertical one running pipeline with assumed height and fictitious Resistance values. The display does not show the additional resistances resulting from the Distribution networks on the respective floors.
Der Nullpunkt für das doppelseitige Koordinatensystem liegt dann im Ruhezustand für den statischen Druck (pST) und für den Mindestdruck (pM) bei 01. Der Schnittpunkt der Geraden Zu mit der X-Achse (P-Werte) gibt den unmittelbar hinter der Pumpe im Zulauf gemessenen Druck an, der im weiteren Verlauf der Anlage als Zulaufdruck bezeichnet wird.The zero point for the double-sided coordinate system is then in the idle state for the static pressure (p ST ) and for the minimum pressure (p M ) at 0 1 . The intersection of the straight line Zu with the X-axis (P-values) indicates the pressure measured directly behind the pump in the inlet, which is referred to as inlet pressure in the further course of the system.
Da aus den oben genannten Gründen die bisher üblichen Berechnungsvorgänge entfallen können und eine graphische Darstellung für die routinemäßig erfaßten Meßwerte nicht sinnvoll erscheint, bleibt nur die Registrierung der technischen Werte in tabellarischer Form.As the usual ones for the reasons mentioned above Calculation processes can be omitted and a graphic Not for the routinely recorded measured values seems reasonable, only the registration of the technical values in tabular form.
Claims (15)
- A method for hydraulic balancing of a hot water heating system, which in the supply system comprises a circulating pump and several radiators, which can also be present on different storeys, the radiators being equipped with an inlet valve having an adjustable flow rate, a return valve having an adjustable flow rate and a closable air vent, wherein in the methoda) the heating system is filled and the inlet valves and the return valves of all radiators are opened and air is bled from the radiators from the lowest storey towards the upper storeys,b) the air vents are shut off and filling of the heating system is continued, against the pressure of the expansion tank, with the circulating pump switched off and with the inlet valves and return valves open, until the predetermined minimum pressure (pM) is reached,c) the circulating pump is switched on and, with the inlet valves and the return valves opened, the admission pressure (pZ) is measured at each radiator between the inlet valve and the return valve thereof andd) with the circulating pump switched on and the inlet valve opened, during continuous pressure measurement the pressure at the respective radiator is set, by adjusting the return valve thereof, to the set pressure (pE) determined in dependence on the desired pressure difference (Δp) determined by calculation for the respective radiator.
- A method according to claim 1, wherein the return valve is adjusted until the measured pressure value corresponds to the difference between the measured admission pressure (pZ) and the desired pressure difference (Δp).
- A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pre-throttling is carried out at the respective radiator in that in step c), after the circulating pump has been switched on, with the inlet valve opened the return valve is adjusted during continuous pressure measurements until a predetermined pressure difference value for the pre-throttling is achieved.
- A method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure at the air vent of the respective radiator is measured as pressure at the respective radiator.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the radiators or the radiators and their return valves are equipped with demand measuring connections for the pressure measurements.
- A method according to claims 4 and 5, in which the radiators are equipped at their air vent with an air bleed valve, which is in the form of an air vent outlet and a pressure-measuring connection.
- A method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein before the circulating pump is switched on and with the inlet valves and return valves opened, an air vent at the highest point of the system is opened and the static pressures (pST) on each storey are measured and recorded at least one radiator.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein after the circulating pump has been switched on the pump pressure (pp) is measured and recorded just behind and just in front of the circulating pump in the pressure line respectively the intake line thereof.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pressure loss (pV) of the system up to the measuring point at the radiator is calculated and recorded as the difference between pump pressure (pP) and admission pressure (pZ).
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the working pressure range (pA) at each radiator is calculated and recorded as the difference between admission pressure (pZ) and return pressure (pR).
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein on each storey or in each dwelling unit at least one measuring and air venting connection is installed in the intake pipe train for continuous measurement of the admission pressure (pZ).
- A method for hydraulic balancing of an operative hot water heating system, which in the supply system comprises a circulating pump and several radiators, which can also be present on different storeys, the radiators being equipped with an inlet valve having an adjustable flow rate, a return valve having an adjustable flow rate and a closable air vent, wherein in the method at individual radiators:a) with the thermostatic valve opened and with the return valve closed the admission pressure pZ is measured;b) the desired value for the pressure difference Δp to be set is determined from the heat calculation from the manufacturer's data for the valves or on the basis of experimental values for the respective radiators;c) the set pressure pE is calculated in that the desired value for the pressure difference Δp to be set is subtracted from the admission pressure pZ;d) the calculated set pressure pE is set by means of the respective return valve and with continuous visual monitoring of the display of the pressure measuring device;e) the steps a) to d) are repeated for each individual radiator in the system until all radiators in the system are balanced.
- A method according to claim 12, wherein the pressure at the air vent of the respective radiator is measured as pressure at the respective radiator.
- A method according to either claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the radiators or radiators and the return valves thereof are equipped with demand measuring connections for the pressure measurements.
- A method according to claims 13 and 14, in which the radiators are equipped at their air vent with an air bleed valve, which is in the form of an air vent outlet and a pressure measuring connection.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK00115690T DK1074795T3 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2000-07-21 | Method of hydraulically adjusting a heating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19935057 | 1999-07-28 | ||
DE19935057 | 1999-07-28 | ||
DE10003394A DE10003394A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2000-01-26 | Process for hydraulic balancing of a heating system |
DE10003394 | 2000-01-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1074795A2 EP1074795A2 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1074795A3 EP1074795A3 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1074795B1 true EP1074795B1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=7916109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00115690A Expired - Lifetime EP1074795B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2000-07-21 | Method for hydraulic calibrating a heating installation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1074795B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE278916T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10003394A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1074795T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10057416A1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-05-29 | Albert Bauer | Central heating for rooms to be heated |
DE102006060324A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-03 | Techem Energy Services Gmbh | Method and system for detecting the hydraulic balancing of a heating system |
DE102008003315A1 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-09 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Heating system and method for operating a heating system |
FR2931226B1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2013-08-16 | Acome Soc Coop Production | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT WITH SEVERAL HEAT EXCHANGE LOOPS |
DE102010049193A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Arne Feldmeier | Servomotor driven valve for heating system used in building, enables integrated switching between normal rule operation and hydraulic balance function |
CN102323789B (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-02-13 | 广州市韦科智能阀门有限公司 | Multifunctional hydraulic equilibrium automatic control and regulation device |
AT513733A1 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-06-15 | Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh | Method for hydraulic adjustment of a heating system |
DE102012023848A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-05 | iEXERGY GmbH | Method for determining hydraulic characteristic values or preadjusting values for heat transmission surfaces in fluid-flowing producer, distribution or load network, involves determining flow paths of pipelines by delivery height |
CN104214810B (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2017-04-12 | 卓旦春 | Hydraulic balance temperature adjusting method |
CN104832977B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-05-24 | 清华大学 | System and method for adjusting pressure of heat supply pipe |
CN111520889A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2020-08-11 | 熊火平 | Dynamic hydraulic balance adjusting device of central air conditioning system |
CN114076338A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-22 | 山东日照发电有限公司 | Courtyard pipe network heat supply energy-saving resistance reduction system and method |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4221725A1 (en) | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Automatic hydraulic balance control for central heating system - involves identifying optimum thermostat valve settings for each room and storing settings in central control unit as max valves |
AT401571B (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1996-10-25 | Landis & Gyr Tech Innovat | HOT WATER HEATING WITH A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL |
-
2000
- 2000-01-26 DE DE10003394A patent/DE10003394A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-21 AT AT00115690T patent/ATE278916T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-21 EP EP00115690A patent/EP1074795B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-21 DE DE50008069T patent/DE50008069D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-21 DK DK00115690T patent/DK1074795T3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10003394A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
EP1074795A2 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
DE50008069D1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
DK1074795T3 (en) | 2005-01-31 |
ATE278916T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
EP1074795A3 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
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