EP1072762A2 - Dispositif de commande d'une soupage et moteur à combustion interne muni de ce dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif de commande d'une soupage et moteur à combustion interne muni de ce dispositif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1072762A2 EP1072762A2 EP00402105A EP00402105A EP1072762A2 EP 1072762 A2 EP1072762 A2 EP 1072762A2 EP 00402105 A EP00402105 A EP 00402105A EP 00402105 A EP00402105 A EP 00402105A EP 1072762 A2 EP1072762 A2 EP 1072762A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- valve
- cam
- rotation
- adjustment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
- F01L2013/0068—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "BMW-Valvetronic" type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for controlling a valve and an internal combustion engine fitted with this device.
- One of the main criteria for the design and development of an internal combustion engine most often consists in increasing the engine performance for high speed without degrading the performance, and in particular the available torque, at low and medium revs.
- variable distribution systems it is known to use three-dimensional cams, that is to say the profile is variable along their axis of rotation.
- Such a design allows, thanks to a displacement of the camshaft parallel to its axis of rotation, to obtain different distribution configurations.
- This design is particularly complex and leads to an increase in size longitudinal of the engine.
- FR-A-2,453,979 describes a device for controlling a valve of an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising a rocker arm, mounted articulated on a support, around a fixed axis of oscillation, provided with a first arm requesting the free end of the valve stem and a second arm acted on by a rotary control cam, and adjustment means lifting the valve.
- the means of adjusting the valve lift described in this document including an eccentric associated with an axis of rotation of the rocker arm, are relatively complex.
- the object of the invention is to propose a control device a simple and inexpensive valve, of reduced longitudinal dimensions, this by avoiding as much as possible the use of elements sensitive to wear, in particular of elements continually or frequently requested in rotation.
- the invention relates to a control device a valve, of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the adjusting means of the valve lift include an adjusting member, mounted hinged on the second arm of the rocker arm around a movable oscillation axis, a first contact roller with the control cam, which is mounted articulated on the adjustment member around a first movable axis of rotation, and a second contact roller with an adjustment cam, which is mounted articulated on the adjustment member around a second mobile axis of rotation, the axes of oscillation and rotation being all distinct and substantially parallel to each other, the adjusting cam being movably mounted on the support so that for a constant position of the control cam corresponding to a position of the valve where it is open, the displacements of this adjustment cam cause the distance between the axis to vary fixed oscillation and the second mobile axis of rotation.
- the invention also relates to a combustion engine internal characterized in that it comprises a device for controlling valve as defined above, the valve preferably being a intake valve.
- Figures 1 to 3 are similar elevational views showing a valve control device according to three embodiments of the invention respectively.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention for controlling a valve 12 of internal combustion engine.
- This control device 10 is arranged in a cylinder head 14 of the engine.
- the valve 12 is movable between a closed position, such as shown in Figure 1, supported on a seat 16 formed in the cylinder head 14, and an open position (not shown).
- the valve 12 is resiliently returned to its closed position using conventional means not shown.
- control device 10 is intended to actuate an engine intake valve. However, alternatively, this same device 10 could be used to actuate a valve exhaust.
- the control device 10 comprises a rocker arm 18, mounted articulated on the cylinder head 14, around a fixed oscillation axis F1.
- the rocker 18 is provided with a first arm 18A urging the free end of the tail 20 of the valve 12 and of a second arm 18B biased by a cam rotary control 22. It will be noted that the rocker arm 18 forms a lever of the first kind.
- the cam 22 is carried by a conventional camshaft 24 mounted rotatable around a fixed axis of rotation F2 forming the axis of rotation of the cam 22.
- the control device 10 also includes means for regulating the lift of the valve 12 comprising an adjusting member 28 generally triangular in shape.
- the adjusting member 28 is mounted articulated on the second arm 18B of the rocker arm around a mobile oscillation axis M1.
- the regulator 28 carries two rotary rollers 30, 32.
- a first roller 30 is in contact with the control cam 22.
- This first roller 30 is mounted articulated on the member adjustment 28 around a first movable axis of rotation R1.
- the second pebble 32 is in contact with an adjustment cam 34.
- This second roller 32 is mounted articulated on the adjusting member 28 around a second axis of rotation mobile R2.
- the axes F1, F2, M1, R1 and R2 are substantially parallel to each other. It will also be noted that the three mobile axes M1, R1 and R2 form, in a plane perpendicular to them, the three vertices of a triangle. All the axes F1, F2, M1, R1 and R2 are distinct two by two.
- the adjustment cam 34 is movably mounted on the cylinder head 14 so that for a constant position of the control cam 22 corresponding to a position of the valve 12 where it is open, the displacements of this adjustment cam 34 cause the distance between the fixed oscillation axis F1 and the second mobile rotation axis R2.
- the contact surface of the adjustment cam 34 with the second roller 32 is delimited by a straight ramp 36.
- the adjustment cam 34 is mounted sliding in a curved guide 38 secured to the cylinder head 14, so as to describe a curvilinear stroke centered on a guide axis G substantially parallel to the fixed oscillation axis F1.
- the guide axis G coincides with the second axis of rotation movable R2 when the valve 12 is in a reference position, namely the closed position as illustrated in Figure 1.
- the adjustment cam 34 is moved using means conventional comprising, for example, an electric or hydraulic actuator.
- the rotary cam 22 urges the adjusting member 28 by through the first roller 30.
- This adjusting member 28 articulated on the rocker arm 18 and rolling support on the ramp 36 via the second roller 32, urges the rocker arm 18 so as to actuate the valve 12.
- the second roller 32 rolls on the ramp 36.
- the cam is controlled adjustment 34 so as to move it in contact with the curvilinear guide 38, which has the effect, for a constant position of the control cam 22 corresponding to a position of the valve where it is open, of modify the distance between the fixed oscillation axis F1 and the second axis of mobile rotation R2. Changing this distance causes a modification of valve lift 12.
- the setting of the valve lift can be continuously produced due to the fact that the adjustment cam 34 can move continuously in the curvilinear guide 38.
- the engine comprises an associated crankshaft to the valve controller.
- the curve of the valve lift depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft conventionally has a shape general bell (see for example FR-A-2,453,979).
- the control device 10 comprises means for adjusting the angular setting of the control cam 22.
- the timing adjustment means comprise a pivot 40, materializing the first mobile axis of rotation R1, mounted movable in a curvilinear light 42 curving around the fixed axis of rotation F2 of the cam 22.
- the curvilinear light 42 is centered on an axis of setting C coinciding with the fixed axis of rotation F2 of the control cam 22 when the valve 12 is in a reference position, namely its closed position as illustrated in figure 2.
- the pivot 40 is moved in the curvilinear lumen 42 using conventional means comprising, for example, an electric actuator or hydraulic. These means also make it possible to immobilize the pivot 40 in the light 42 in the desired timing adjustment position.
- the timing means comprise conventional means 44 coupled to the camshaft 24.
- These conventional means include, for example, a helical type coupling.
- the adjusting means In the case of an intake valve, the adjusting means the timing illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 make it possible to vary the delay or advancing the opening and closing of the valve 12.
- the device for controlling a valve according to the invention allows the valve lift to be adjusted continuously, using a adjustment cam 34 whose movements are limited, which reduces the risk of wear.
- the opening and closing of the valve are carried out in a progressive and silent manner, this using means reduced dimensions, especially in the longitudinal direction of the engine, namely the direction parallel to the fixed axis F1 of oscillation of the rocker arm.
- the different valve lift curves in function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft obtained for different adjustments of the position of the adjustment cam 34 are symmetrical, the delay at the intake opening (in the case of an intake valve) can be canceled by the means for adjusting the angular setting of the cam ordered.
- the device of the invention can be used in an engine comprising one or two camshafts.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la surface de contact de la came de réglage avec le second galet est délimitée par une rampe rectiligne,
- la came de réglage est montée coulissante dans un guide curviligne solidaire du support, de façon à décrire une course curviligne centrée sur un axe de guidage sensiblement parallèle à l'axe d'oscillation fixe,
- l'axe de guidage coïncide avec le second axe de rotation mobile lorsque la soupape est dans une position de référence,
- les trois axes mobiles forment, dans un plan qui leur est perpendiculaire, les trois sommets d'un triangle,
- il comprend des moyens de réglage du calage angulaire de la came de commande,
- les moyens de réglage du calage comprennent un pivot matérialisant le premier axe de rotation mobile, monté déplaçable dans une lumière curviligne s'incurvant autour d'un axe de rotation fixe de la came de commande,
- la lumière curviligne est centrée sur un axe de calage coïncidant avec l'axe de rotation fixe de la came de commande lorsque la soupape est dans une position de référence,
- les moyens de réglage du calage comprennent des moyens couplés à un arbre à cames portant la came de commande.
Claims (10)
- Dispositif de commande d'une soupape (12) de moteur à combustion interne, du type comprenant un culbuteur (18), monté articulé sur un support (14), autour d'un axe d'oscillation fixe (F1), muni d'un premier bras (18A) sollicitant l'extrémité libre de la queue (20) de la soupape (12) et d'un second bras (18B) sollicité par une came de commande rotative (22), et des moyens (28, 34) de réglage de la levée de la soupape, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage de la levée de la soupape comprennent un organe de réglage (28), monté articulé sur le second bras (18B) du culbuteur autour d'un axe d'oscillation mobile (M1), un premier galet (30) de contact avec la came de commande (22), lequel est monté articulé sur l'organe de réglage (28) autour d'un premier axe de rotation mobile (R1), et un second galet (32) de contact avec une came de réglage (34), lequel est monté articulé sur l'organe de réglage (28) autour d'un second axe de rotation mobile (R2), les axes d'oscillation (F1, M1) et de rotation (R1, R2) étant tous distincts et sensiblement parallèles entre eux, la came de réglage (34) étant montée déplaçable sur le support (14) de sorte que, pour une position constante de la came de commande (22) correspondant à une position de la soupape (12) où celle-ci est ouverte, les déplacements de cette came de réglage (34) fassent varier la distance entre l'axe d'oscillation fixe (F1) et le second axe de rotation mobile (R2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la surface de contact de la came de réglage (34) avec le second galet (32) est délimitée par une rampe rectiligne (36).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la came de réglage (34) est montée coulissante dans un guide (38) curviligne solidaire du support (14), de façon à décrire une course curviligne centrée sur un axe de guidage (G) sensiblement parallèle à l'axe d'oscillation fixe (F1).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'axe de guidage (G) coïncide avec le second axe de rotation mobile (R2) lorsque la soupape (12) est dans une position de référence.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les trois axes mobiles (M1, R1, R2) forment, dans un plan qui leur est perpendiculaire, les trois sommets d'un triangle.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (40, 42 ; 44) de réglage du calage angulaire de la came de commande (22).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage du calage comprennent un pivot (40) matérialisant le premier axe de rotation mobile (R1), monté déplaçable dans une lumière curviligne (42) s'incurvant autour d'un axe de rotation fixe (F2) de la came de commande (22).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la lumière curviligne (42) est centrée sur un axe de calage (C ) coïncidant avec l'axe de rotation fixe (F2) de la came de commande lorsque la soupape (12) est dans une position de référence.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage du calage comprennent des moyens (44) couplés à un arbre à cames (24) portant la came de commande (22).
- Moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de commande de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la soupape étant de préférence une soupape d'admission.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9909810A FR2796982B1 (fr) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-07-28 | Dispositif de commande d'une soupape et moteur a combustion interne muni de ce dispositif |
FR9909810 | 1999-07-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1072762A2 true EP1072762A2 (fr) | 2001-01-31 |
EP1072762A3 EP1072762A3 (fr) | 2001-10-24 |
EP1072762B1 EP1072762B1 (fr) | 2005-03-23 |
Family
ID=9548630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00402105A Expired - Lifetime EP1072762B1 (fr) | 1999-07-28 | 2000-07-21 | Dispositif de commande d'une soupage et moteur à combustion interne muni de ce dispositif |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1072762B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE291680T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60018856T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2796982B1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003040526A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-15 | Thyssenkrupp Automotive Ag | Dispositif de commande variable de soupape de levage |
GB2384271A (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-23 | Lotus Car | Valve operating mechanisms |
DE10206465A1 (de) * | 2002-02-16 | 2003-08-28 | Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh | Steuereinrichtung für Gaswechselventile eines Verbrennungsmotors |
GB2395229A (en) * | 2002-11-16 | 2004-05-19 | Mechadyne Plc | Engine with variable valve lift and timing mechanism |
WO2005090758A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck And Bus Corporation | Commande de soupapes variable de moteur a combustion interne |
EP1811138A2 (fr) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-07-25 | IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr | Commande de soupape pour soupapes à deux voies de charge dans des moteurs à combustion |
CN100406689C (zh) * | 2004-04-27 | 2008-07-30 | 三菱扶桑卡客车公司 | 内燃机的可变气门机构 |
CN100410498C (zh) * | 2004-03-19 | 2008-08-13 | 三菱扶桑卡客车株式会社 | 内燃机的可变气门传动装置 |
US7628128B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2009-12-08 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag | Guide systems for variable valve controller |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7369613B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-25 | 2023-10-26 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 可変動弁機構 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2395783A2 (fr) | 1977-06-29 | 1979-01-26 | Lamort Ingenieurs Const E Et M | Perfectionnements au dispositif pour l'extraction des matieres cellulosiques ou analogues |
FR2464097A1 (fr) | 1979-09-05 | 1981-03-06 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Appareil de desagregation de dechets par broyage et dechiquetage combines |
FR2676186A1 (fr) | 1991-05-06 | 1992-11-13 | Courtnay Commodity Ltd | Procede de traitement des ordures par separation entre les composants les plus meubles et les composants les plus durs. |
FR2746410A1 (fr) | 1996-03-22 | 1997-09-26 | Sogea | Systeme de fermentation aerobie de dechets organiques |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2519375B1 (fr) * | 1981-12-31 | 1986-07-11 | Baguena Michel | Distribution variable pour moteur a quatre temps |
DE3438556A1 (de) * | 1984-10-20 | 1986-04-24 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Ventilsteuerung einer aufgeladenen viertakt-brennkraftmaschine |
DE3833540A1 (de) * | 1988-10-01 | 1990-04-12 | Peter Prof Dr Ing Kuhn | Vorrichtung zur betaetigung der ventile an verbrennungsmotoren mit veraenderlicher ventilerhebungskurve |
-
1999
- 1999-07-28 FR FR9909810A patent/FR2796982B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-07-21 DE DE60018856T patent/DE60018856T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-21 EP EP00402105A patent/EP1072762B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-21 AT AT00402105T patent/ATE291680T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2395783A2 (fr) | 1977-06-29 | 1979-01-26 | Lamort Ingenieurs Const E Et M | Perfectionnements au dispositif pour l'extraction des matieres cellulosiques ou analogues |
FR2464097A1 (fr) | 1979-09-05 | 1981-03-06 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Appareil de desagregation de dechets par broyage et dechiquetage combines |
FR2676186A1 (fr) | 1991-05-06 | 1992-11-13 | Courtnay Commodity Ltd | Procede de traitement des ordures par separation entre les composants les plus meubles et les composants les plus durs. |
FR2746410A1 (fr) | 1996-03-22 | 1997-09-26 | Sogea | Systeme de fermentation aerobie de dechets organiques |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7467609B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2008-12-23 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag | Valve-stroke controls |
WO2003040526A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-15 | Thyssenkrupp Automotive Ag | Dispositif de commande variable de soupape de levage |
US7891327B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2011-02-22 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag | Valve-stroke controls |
GB2384271A (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-23 | Lotus Car | Valve operating mechanisms |
GB2384271B (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2004-03-24 | Lotus Car | Valve operating mechanisms |
DE10206465A1 (de) * | 2002-02-16 | 2003-08-28 | Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh | Steuereinrichtung für Gaswechselventile eines Verbrennungsmotors |
US7124721B2 (en) | 2002-02-16 | 2006-10-24 | Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh | Control device for a gas exchange valve in an internal combustion engine |
US7628128B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2009-12-08 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Teccenter Ag | Guide systems for variable valve controller |
GB2395229A (en) * | 2002-11-16 | 2004-05-19 | Mechadyne Plc | Engine with variable valve lift and timing mechanism |
US7117831B2 (en) | 2002-11-16 | 2006-10-10 | Mechadyne Plc | Engine with variable lift valve mechanism |
CN100410498C (zh) * | 2004-03-19 | 2008-08-13 | 三菱扶桑卡客车株式会社 | 内燃机的可变气门传动装置 |
DE102005012844B4 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2009-01-22 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck And Bus Corp. | Variable Ventilvorrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
US7159550B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2007-01-09 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck And Bus Corporation | Variable valve train of internal combustion engine |
WO2005090758A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck And Bus Corporation | Commande de soupapes variable de moteur a combustion interne |
CN100406689C (zh) * | 2004-04-27 | 2008-07-30 | 三菱扶桑卡客车公司 | 内燃机的可变气门机构 |
EP1811138A2 (fr) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-07-25 | IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr | Commande de soupape pour soupapes à deux voies de charge dans des moteurs à combustion |
EP1811138A3 (fr) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-01-07 | IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr | Commande de soupape pour soupapes à deux voies de charge dans des moteurs à combustion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1072762B1 (fr) | 2005-03-23 |
ATE291680T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
EP1072762A3 (fr) | 2001-10-24 |
DE60018856T2 (de) | 2006-03-30 |
DE60018856D1 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
FR2796982A1 (fr) | 2001-02-02 |
FR2796982B1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
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