EP1071512B2 - Free jet centrifuge - Google Patents

Free jet centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1071512B2
EP1071512B2 EP99923422A EP99923422A EP1071512B2 EP 1071512 B2 EP1071512 B2 EP 1071512B2 EP 99923422 A EP99923422 A EP 99923422A EP 99923422 A EP99923422 A EP 99923422A EP 1071512 B2 EP1071512 B2 EP 1071512B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
rotor
bush
free
mounting
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99923422A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1071512A1 (en
EP1071512B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Frehland
Helmut Fischer
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Mann and Hummel GmbH
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Mann and Hummel GmbH
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP1998/002219 external-priority patent/WO1998046361A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19911212A external-priority patent/DE19911212A1/en
Application filed by Mann and Hummel GmbH filed Critical Mann and Hummel GmbH
Priority to EP99923422A priority Critical patent/EP1071512B2/en
Publication of EP1071512A1 publication Critical patent/EP1071512A1/en
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Publication of EP1071512B2 publication Critical patent/EP1071512B2/en
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  • the invention relates to a free jet centrifuge having a rotatably mounted in a housing giotor, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such free-jet centrifuges are known. Their structure can, for. B. EP 728 042 B1 are taken.
  • an oil centrifuge disclosed as it is commonly used in the automotive field. This is made in sheet metal construction and consists of a plurality of sheet metal shells 1, 7, 11 (see Figure 1), which are interconnected by crimping. Furthermore, a central tube 2 is provided, are pressed into the bushes 3, 4, which together with recordings in the housing form a sliding bearing. The sliding bearing is lubricated by the oil to be centrifuged. The drive of the centrifuge via holes 8, which are housed in the bottom 7 of the centrifuge rotor.
  • centrifuge rotor In the described centrifuge rotor is a component which is geared to a cost-effective mass production. Due to economic considerations in production, however, tolerances occur on the centrifuge rotor, which limit the achievable maximum speeds for various reasons.
  • the openings 8, which can be made by drilling or punching, and form the drive nozzles are limited in their efficiency as a drive due to the inaccuracy of the openings.
  • In the Gleftlagem occurs some friction, which is mainly produced by the fact that the bushings are not completely aligned axially.
  • the bearings a certain leakage, which leads to a non-centrifuged side stream of lubricating oil. Because of occurring imbalances of the centrifuge rotor, the speed is anyway to limit, otherwise the load on the plain bearings and the vibration emission, which passes the rotor to the housing, too strong.
  • the proposed in DE 1012 776 rolling bearing is therefore combined with a sliding bearing.
  • the sliding bearing provides for a reduction of the leakage current and may be designed as a clearance, so that the leakage current at the same time oiling the bearings.
  • the space between the bearing rings of the bearings still runs full of oil, whereby the friction losses rise unnecessarily again.
  • the friction losses are increased by the two game fits, so that the rotational resistance of the centrifuge rotor can be reduced only slightly in this way.
  • the solution also represents a significant increase in the cost of the centrifuge, because the corresponding fits for the plain bearings must be made and in addition to the component cost of the bearings used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a free-jet centrifuge that is inexpensive to manufacture and thereby provides optimal results in terms of deposition.
  • the free-jet centrifuge according to the invention has a rotor which is mounted in a housing.
  • the purpose of the housing is to protect the environment from the centrifugal fluid exiting through the drive nozzles. In this case, no special bell housing must be provided for the centrifuge rotor. It is also conceivable to use these in a housing intended for other components. For this purpose, z.
  • the crankcase of an internal combustion engine or an oil filter module in which the centrifuge rotor is arranged as a bypass filter in addition to a Hauptstromfilteriement.
  • One of the bearing points of the centrifuge rotor is simultaneously formed as an inlet for the fluid to be centrifuged.
  • This bearing provides in conjunction with a plain bearing at the same time a sufficient seal of the liquid supply to the housing interior.
  • the other storage means will be formed according to the invention by a rolling bearing.
  • a ball bearing offers. It makes sense to attach the two bearing means on the two opposite sides of the lid surface and the bottom surface in order to minimize the occurring bearing forces.
  • the bearing receptacle on the cover surface for the rolling bearing is sealed to the interior of the rotor. This can be achieved, for example, by making the cover surface of the rotor closed and integrating the bearing receptacle integrally.
  • the bearing mount must be designed such that the fluid to be centrifuged there can not penetrate from the rotor interior into the housing space. This has the significant advantage that the rolling bearing is not exposed to any leakage current on the centrifuge rotor. For lubrication of the rolling bearing of the oil mist generated by the drive nozzles of the centrifuge rotor is completely sufficient and even leads to the optimum lubrication conditions. The friction of the rolling bearing is therefore extremely low.
  • an enclosed rolling bearing can also be used. This can thus be protected from contamination in the fluid to be centrifuged, and lubricated for life before commissioning.
  • the sliding sealing parts of the encapsulation must not be delivered to the pressure prevailing in the centrifuge interior oil pressure, as this would lead to a large bearing friction up to blocking.
  • a sealed bearing support on the rotor in the form already described is therefore also necessary in this variant.
  • the bearing support can z. B. consist of a closed stub axle, which protrudes from the Dekkel Design and is pushed into the inner ring of the bearing. Also conceivable is a concentric recesses of the cover surface, in which the rolling bearing is used with its outer ring.
  • the stub axle transmits the radial forces acting on the centrifuge rotor.
  • z. B a ball bearing, this can absorb the axial forces caused by, among other things, the oil pressure on the plain bearing
  • a preferred embodiment of the bearing problem in the centrifuges already described is that at least one sliding bearing is provided, which consists of a bearing bush and a sliding bushing.
  • the bearing bush is fastened in the housing. This can preferably be done by pressing, but there are also other options such as gluing or a screw for clamping conceivable.
  • the slide bushing is inserted into the bearing bush and communicates with a bearing mount, which is provided on the rotor.
  • the bearing receptacle also represents the inlet for the fluid to be centrifuged in the rotor.
  • B consist of a hollow pipe, which is inserted into the slide bushing. Equally conceivable, however, is a hole-like receptacle in the rotor into which the sliding bush can be inserted. In any case, the Gleitbuchse ensures a passage of the fluid to be centrifuged from the inlet channel system to the inlet on the rotor.
  • the fluid to be centrifuged also acts as a lubricant for the sliding bearing.
  • a small leakage loss between the sliding partners of the sliding bearing is accepted, but substantially the Gleitlagerjedoch represents a seal between the feed channel and the surrounding housing interior of the centrifuge.
  • the bearing bush can z. B. made of bronze while the sliding bush is made of steel.
  • a relative movement between the sliding and bearing bush is provided for sliding bearing of the rotor, while the connection between bearing mount on the rotor and bearing bush should be designed torsionally rigid.
  • the rotational resistance of the slide bushing in the bearing receiver must be only slightly larger than that between the socket pairing. This can already be ensured by simply plugging the rotor onto the bearing bush. This results in a simple disassembly of the centrifuge rotor, which is generally designed as a replacement part.
  • the sliding bush can advantageously be used several times.
  • the described design of the sliding bearing brings with it special advantages in a design of the plastic centrifuge with, in particular, when the rotor is completely made of plastic.
  • the structure of such a plastic centrifuge rotor can, for. Example, the WO98 / 46361 are removed (see Figure 3 with associated figure description).
  • the plastic is not well suited for direct bearing in a bushing due to its unfavorable relative thermal expansion to the sliding components in question.
  • the endurance behavior of the centrifuge bearing is therefore significantly improved, since small bearing gaps can be realized with a low loss of leakage oil.
  • a connection to the sliding bush as mentioned, can be done by simply plugging.
  • the fit between the hollow socket and slide bushing can be chosen such that a relative movement is possible here as well, whereby the friction occurring should lie above that between the socket pair.
  • a favorable embodiment of the sliding bush provides to provide them with a captive.
  • This can, for. B. consist of a paragraph which is attached to the end remote from the rotor of the bushing. This then prevents slipping out of the slide bushing from the bearing bush when changing of the centrifuge rotor.
  • the rotor can be pulled out of the sliding sleeve even if the connection between the rotor and sliding bush is subject to a higher friction than the pairing of the two bushes, as is the case with the already described embodiment.
  • the replacement rotor can then simply be plugged into the sliding bush, without the latter being lost or incorrectly installed. It is thus advantageously reduced the error probability when replacing the rotor in this way.
  • the used rotor if it is a completely made of plastic component, can be easily disposed of thermally.
  • the concept of the invention can be developed appropriately if at least one of the bearing means has three rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the bearing center point the respective bearing means.
  • the first rotational degree of freedom corresponds to the centrifuge rotation itself and must be provided in each case.
  • the other two degrees of rotational freedom enable oscillation of the axis of rotation of the rotor, the center of this pendulum being the bearing center of the respective bearing means.
  • this measure is not provided in order to achieve a pendulum of the centrifuge rotor, but to be able to compensate for a tolerance-induced h angular offset of the centrifuge axis of rotation force-free.
  • the pendulum movement is prevented by the other bearing on the centrifuge.
  • the force-free storage is necessary, above all, when plain bearings are used. Even the smallest angular offsets can lead to a strong increase in the bearing friction up to a blocking of the rotor.
  • the additional rotational degrees of freedom thus allow larger production tolerance ranges for both the centrifuge rotor and the housing. This has significant advantages in the economics of the production of said components. But even in the finest tolerated parts, the development of the invention can completely prevent an increase in friction losses. The effect is a further increase in the rotational speeds of the centrifuge rotor to be achieved. At the same time, the desired nominal speed of the centrifuge can be achieved more reliably, since the dispersion in the friction values of the bearings of individual centrifuges is reduced.
  • the additional rotational degrees of freedom of the bearing means can be achieved by a dome-like shape of the bearing outer rings which are mounted in the housing.
  • the addressed bearing center thus results from the center of the sphere, which includes the curved Kalotten vom.
  • bearing cups for a plain bearing, it is therefore appropriate to use commercially available bearing cups as bearing bushes.
  • rolling bearings it is possible to make the outer ring of the bearing spherical, or to accommodate the rolling bearing itself also in a bearing dome, wherein the bearing dome is in engagement with the housing walls.
  • a further advantage is the provision of an axial clearance of the rotor in the storage. If the rotor expands more strongly than the housing due to temperature fluctuations, this design can prevent the rotor from exerting clamping forces on the bearing means. This guarantees, above all in continuous operation of the centrifuge, a perfect, low-friction function of the rotor. A beating of the centrifuge due to the bearing clearance during their operation is prevented on the basis of the principle of operation. Due to the resulting oil pressure inside the centrifuge it is pressed during operation against the bearing means, which is located on the side facing away from the inlet side of the centrifuge. So this bearing must also absorb axial forces. A ball bearing is therefore particularly suitable. To limit the axial play, axial stops can be provided on the centrifuge rotor. As an axial stop, of course, the rotor body itself can be used, since this has a larger diameter than the bearing mounts.
  • a preferred embodiment to maximize the achievable maximum speeds of a free-jet centrifuge rotor is to make the bottom of the rotor made of plastic in one piece, wherein in addition to the bearing support for storage means and at least one drive nozzle is integrated into the ground.
  • the plastic construction allows a high-precision design of the nozzle opening, wherein also their geometry can be varied.
  • the plastic part may be designed as an injection molded part, wherein the nozzle openings are integrated with the mold. Post-processing of this part is then not required, resulting in additional cost savings.
  • the nozzle opening can also be drilled, whereby a high precision can be achieved due to the choice of material. Injection molding technology also allows additional design freedom for the nozzle geometry.
  • the bearing support consist of a hollow pipe, which is molded onto the Kunststofftoffêt.
  • the hollow pipe then simultaneously forms the inlet for the rotor and cooperates with a sliding bearing, as already described.
  • the functional integration of various components in the floor significantly reduces the cost of production and assembly.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention provides that in the bottom of the lid, a pulse channel is further integrated, which is separated from the interior to the inside of the lid by a channel cover.
  • the fluid reaches the pulse channel through inlet ports and is sent to the drive nozzle.
  • the kinetic energy of the fluid particles is partially converted into rotary rotational movement of the rotor.
  • a further speed gain for the centrifuge rotor can be achieved.
  • the arrangement of the pulse channel has another advantage.
  • the inlet port for the pulse channel is mounted near the centrifuge axis and is located at the bottom in the lowermost part of the centrifuge interior. As a result, the dirt holding capacity of the centrifuge is increased to a maximum, since no calming space must be provided in the catchment area of the drive nozzles, which would reduce the receiving volume of the centrifuge rotor for deposited material.
  • the speed-increasing effect of the pulse channel can be used optimally if its curvature is continuous. This means that this causes a conversion of the flow pulse in a rotary motion by a continuous diversion of the fluid from a radially outward directed to a tangentially oriented flow direction.
  • this function can also be used if, for example due to structural conditions, a change in direction of less than 90 ° takes place in the pulse channel. Even discontinuities in the channel process only lead to a reduction of the described effect.
  • the manhole cover can be glued or welded to the floor.
  • a favorable design of the inlet opening is achieved when it is arranged in a ring around a center tube extending in the interior of the centrifuge.
  • the center tube may advantageously also be integrated into the ground. This then protrudes into the interior of the centrifuge and ensures a line of the fluid to be centrifuged into the upper part of the rotor interior. From there it then flows back to the inlet ports on the pulse channel or, if this is not provided, directly to the drive nozzles.
  • the integration of the central tube in the ground thus leads to a further component integration, which increases the efficiency of the proposed solutions.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oil centrifuge for the motor vehicle sector. This centrifuge is housed in a housing consisting of a housing base 10 and a bell housing 11. The two housing parts are screwed together and sealed by an O-ring 12.
  • a rotor 13 is rotatably mounted inside the centrifuge housing.
  • a stub axle 14 is provided for storage. This is hollow, but closed at the end, so that a complete closure of the centrifuge interior is ensured to a housing interior 15.
  • the rolling bearing 16 is inserted into a housing receptacle 17a, wherein snap lugs 18 ensure a fixation of the ball bearing by utilizing the elasticity of the housing baffle material.
  • a hollow pipe 19 is attached to the storage thereof. This is plugged into a sliding bushing 20, which in turn rotates in a bearing bush 21.
  • the bearing bush is dome-shaped and introduced into a suitable housing receptacle 17b.
  • a fixing ring 22 is provided, which is fastened on the housing receptacle 17b.
  • the oil to be centrifuged reaches through a feed 23, the sliding bearing 20, 21, which seals the housing interior 15 from the inlet 23.
  • the inflowing Oil at the same time ensures lubrication of the plain bearing.
  • the oil passes through an inlet 24 in the hollow pipe 19 in the interior of a central tube 25 and is passed through the end in a separation chamber 26 of the rotor.
  • this Leitrippen 27 are provided, between which there is a Ablagerungs character28 formed by the rotor inner walls.
  • the oil flows slowly to an annular inlet opening 29 which leads to pulse channels 30. During this time, particles are cut off on the deposition surface 28, the guide ribs assisting rotation of the oil inside the centrifuge.
  • the oil reaches drive nozzles 31 and is injected through them into the housing interior.
  • a drain 32 is provided for the purified oil.
  • the flow direction of the oil is indicated by arrows.
  • the rotor 13 has in the installed position an axial clearance in the direction of the axis of rotation, which is ensured by the two bearings.
  • an axial stop 33 which limits the axial play of the rotor towards the top. In plain bearings, the axial play is ensured by the design of the slide bush 20. This is made longer than the bearing bush, so that an axial movement of the rotor is made possible.
  • a stop serves a captive 34, which is designed as a paragraph at one end of the sliding bush. This limits the axial movement of the sliding bush, wherein it abuts on the one hand to the feed 23 and on the other hand to the bearing bush 21.
  • the rotor 13 is shown in the axial position, which is taken in the idle state. In operation, the rotor is pressed with the axial stop 33 against the rolling bearing 16, which simultaneously absorbs the resulting axial forces.
  • FIG. 2 shows the use of a ball bearing 35 with a spherical outer ring for supporting the stub axle 14 in a housing receptacle 17c.
  • This design prevents transmission of bending moments through the stub axle. This is achieved by the cardan clamping in the housing receptacle 17c.
  • snap lugs 18 are provided according to FIG.
  • the storage according to FIG. 3 corresponds in principle to the storage according to FIG. 2. It shows the possibility of achieving a gimbal bearing of the rolling bearing 16 by using a bearing cup 36.
  • the bearing dome corresponds to the spherical outer ring of the ball bearing 35.
  • FIG. 1 An alternative for the sliding bearing according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the sliding bush 20 transmits in this embodiment bending moments of the centrifuge axis.
  • the bushing 21, which is made of bronze, is pressed into the feed 23.
  • the bushing 20, made of steel is designed to be longer than in the embodiment of Figure 1 and is pressed into the interior of the central tube 25. The supply of the oil takes place in the manner described in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment for the design of the pulse channel 30 can be seen. It is shown the top view of a bottom 37 of the rotor, wherein the viewing direction is guided from the inside to the outside.
  • the inlet 24 is centrally located, which leads into the interior of the central tube 25.
  • the pulse channel 30 is embedded in the bottom 37, and leads In continuous curvature of a radially outwardly directed flow direction a to a tangential flow direction b, which simultaneously indicates the direction of injection of the drive nozzle 31.
  • the pulse channel is closed by a channel cover 38 shown partially broken (see also Figure 1).
  • the channel cover is applied to the pulse channel by vibration welding. At the edge of the pulse channel, a welding step 39 is provided for this purpose.
  • the inlet port 29 is formed by a gap between an outer wall 40 of the central tube 25 and a raised ring edge 40 of the channel cover 38.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Freistrahlzentrifuge, die einen in einem Gehäuse drehbar gelagerten giotor aufweist, nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a free jet centrifuge having a rotatably mounted in a housing giotor, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Freistrahlzentrifugen sind bekannt. Deren Aufbau kann z. B. der EP 728 042 B1 entnommen werden. Hier ist eine Ölzentrifuge offenbart, wie sie üblicher Weise im Kraftfahrzeugbereich eingesetzt wird. Diese ist in Blechbauweise hergestellt und besteht aus mehreren Blechschalen 1, 7, 11 (siehe Figur 1), die durch Umbördeln miteinander verbunden sind. Weiterhin ist ein Mittelrohr 2 vorgesehen, in das Buchsen 3, 4 eingepresst werden, die zusammen mit Aufnahmen im Gehäuse eine Gleitlagerung bilden. Die Gleitlagerung wird durch das zu zentrifugierende Öl geschmiert. Der Antrieb der Zentrifuge erfolgt über Bohrungen 8, die im Boden 7 des Zentrifugenrotors untergebracht sind.Such free-jet centrifuges are known. Their structure can, for. B. EP 728 042 B1 are taken. Here is an oil centrifuge disclosed as it is commonly used in the automotive field. This is made in sheet metal construction and consists of a plurality of sheet metal shells 1, 7, 11 (see Figure 1), which are interconnected by crimping. Furthermore, a central tube 2 is provided, are pressed into the bushes 3, 4, which together with recordings in the housing form a sliding bearing. The sliding bearing is lubricated by the oil to be centrifuged. The drive of the centrifuge via holes 8, which are housed in the bottom 7 of the centrifuge rotor.

Bei dem beschriebenen Zentrifugenrotor handelt es sich um ein Bauteil, welches auf eine kostengünstige Großserienherstellung ausgerichtet ist. Aufgrund von Wirtschaftlichkeitserwägungen bei der Produktion treten jedoch Toleranzen am Zentrifugenrotor auf, die aus verschiedenen Gründen die erreichbaren maximalen Drehzahlen beschränken. Die Öffnungen 8, die durch Bohren oder Stanzen hergestellt werden können, und die Antriebsdüsen bilden, sind in ihrem Wirkungsgrad als Antrieb aufgrund der Ungenauigkeit der Öffnungen beschränkt. In den Gleftlagem tritt eine gewisse Reibung auf, die vor allen Dingen dadurch erzeugt wird, daß die Lagerbuchsen nicht vollständig axial fluchten. Außerdem tritt an den Gleitlagern eine gewisse Leckage auf, die zu einem nicht zentrifugierten Nebenstrom an Schmieröl führt. Wegen auftretenden Unwuchten des Zentrifugenrotors ist die Drehzahl sowieso zu beschränken, da ansonsten die Belastung der Gleitlager und die Schwingungsemission, die der Rotor an das Gehäuse weitergibt, zu stark ansteigen.In the described centrifuge rotor is a component which is geared to a cost-effective mass production. Due to economic considerations in production, however, tolerances occur on the centrifuge rotor, which limit the achievable maximum speeds for various reasons. The openings 8, which can be made by drilling or punching, and form the drive nozzles are limited in their efficiency as a drive due to the inaccuracy of the openings. In the Gleftlagem occurs some friction, which is mainly produced by the fact that the bushings are not completely aligned axially. In addition, occurs on the bearings a certain leakage, which leads to a non-centrifuged side stream of lubricating oil. Because of occurring imbalances of the centrifuge rotor, the speed is anyway to limit, otherwise the load on the plain bearings and the vibration emission, which passes the rotor to the housing, too strong.

Für eine wirksame Abscheidung des zu zentrifugierenden Materials ist jedoch eine hohe Drehzahl des Rotors bei gleichzeitig geringem Volumendurchsatz an zu zentrifugierenden Fluid notwendig. Grundsätzlich läßt sich die Drehzahl durch Vorsehen größerer Öffnungen B vergrößern, wodurch jedoch gleichzeitig der Volumendurchsatz steigt, so daß trotz höherer Rotorgeschwindigkeit die abzuscheidenden Teilchen weniger Zeit haben, sich an den Abscheideflächen festzusetzen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Optimierung der Zentrifugierergebnisse besteht in der Anordnung von Wälzlagern anstelle von Gleitlagern, wie dies z. B. in der DE 10 12 776 vorgeschlagen wird. Hiermit soll die Lagerreibung am Zentrifugenrotor verringert werden, wodurch höhere Rotordrehzahlen erreicht werden können. Dabei entsteht jedoch das Problem, daß durch den hohen Druckunterschied zwischen Rotorinnenraum und Rotorumgebung (Gehäuseinnenraum) ein Leckagestrom auftritt, der durch die Wälzlager fließt. Würde dieser Leckagestrom ungehindert durch den zwischen Außenund Innenring der Wälzlager gebildeten Spalt fließen, würden nicht nur die Ölverluste zu groß werden, sondern es würde zusätzlich die Lagerreibung so weit erhöht, daß ein Reibungsvortell im Vergleich zu Gleitlagern nicht gegeben wäre. Daher muß eine zusätzliche Abdichtung dieser Spalte erfolgen. Eine Kapselung der Kugellager Ist jedoch nicht möglich, da dieser aufgrund des hohen Druckunterschiedes zwischen den beiden Lagerseiten so stark auf die Lagerringe gepresst würde, daß eine höhere Reibung entstünde, als bei der Verwendung von Gleitlagern.However, for an effective separation of the material to be centrifuged, a high rotational speed of the rotor is necessary with a simultaneous low volume throughput of fluid to be centrifuged. In principle, the speed can be increased by providing larger openings B, but at the same time the volume throughput increases, so that despite higher rotor speed, the particles to be separated have less time to commit themselves to the Abscheideflächen. Another way to optimize the Zentrifugierergebnisse is the arrangement of rolling bearings instead of plain bearings, as z. B. in DE 10 12 776 is proposed. This is to reduce the bearing friction on the centrifuge rotor, whereby higher rotor speeds can be achieved. However, there arises the problem that due to the high pressure difference between the rotor interior and the rotor environment (housing interior), a leakage current occurs, which flows through the bearings. If this leakage flow unhindered flow through the gap formed between the outer and inner ring of the bearings, not only the oil losses would be too large, but it would also increase the bearing friction so far that a Reibungsvortell would not exist in comparison to plain bearings. Therefore, an additional seal of this column must be made. However, encapsulation of the ball bearings is not possible because, due to the high pressure difference between the two sides of the bearing, it would be pressed onto the bearing rings to such an extent that a higher friction would result than when plain bearings are used.

Die in der DE 1012 776 vorgeschlagene Wälzlagerung wird daher mit einer Gleitlagerung kombiniert. Die Gleitlagerung sorgt für eine Verringerung des Lekkagestroms und kann als Spielpassung ausgeführt sein, so daß der Leckagestrom gleichzeitig die Lager ölt. Während des Betriebs der Zentrifuge läuft jedoch der Zwischenraum zwischen den Lagerringen der Wälzlager dennoch mit Öl voll, wodurch die Reibungsverluste wieder unnötig ansteigen. Zudem werden die Reibungsverluste auch durch die beiden Spielpassungen erhöht, so daß der Drehwiderstand des Zentrifugenrotors sich auf diese Weise nur unwesentlich verringern läßt. Im übrigen stellt die Lösung auch eine deutliche Verteuerung der Zentrifuge dar, weil die entsprechenden Passungen für die Gleitlager gefertigt werden müssen und zusätzlich der Komponentenaufwand der verwendeten Wälzlager anfällt.The proposed in DE 1012 776 rolling bearing is therefore combined with a sliding bearing. The sliding bearing provides for a reduction of the leakage current and may be designed as a clearance, so that the leakage current at the same time oiling the bearings. During operation of the centrifuge, however, the space between the bearing rings of the bearings still runs full of oil, whereby the friction losses rise unnecessarily again. In addition, the friction losses are increased by the two game fits, so that the rotational resistance of the centrifuge rotor can be reduced only slightly in this way. Moreover, the solution also represents a significant increase in the cost of the centrifuge, because the corresponding fits for the plain bearings must be made and in addition to the component cost of the bearings used.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Freistrahlzentrifuge zu schaffen, die kostengünstig in der Herstellung ist und dabei optimale Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Abscheidung liefert.The object of the invention is to provide a free-jet centrifuge that is inexpensive to manufacture and thereby provides optimal results in terms of deposition.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claims 1.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Freistrahlzentrifuge besitzt einen Rotor, der in einem Gehäuse gelagert ist. Das Gehäuse hat die Aufgabe, die Umgebung vor dem durch die Antriebsdüsen austretenden zentrifugierten Fluides zu schützen. Dabei muß keine spezielle Gehäuseglocke für den Zentrifugenrotor vorgesehen werden. Es ist ebenso denkbar, diese in ein für andere Komponenten gedachtes Gehäuse mit einzusetzen. Hierzu bietet sich z. B. das Kurbelgehäuse einer Brennkraftmaschine oder ein Ölfiltermodul an, in dem der Zentrifugenrotor als Nebenstromfilter zusätzlich zu einem Hauptstromfilteriement angeordnet ist.The free-jet centrifuge according to the invention has a rotor which is mounted in a housing. The purpose of the housing is to protect the environment from the centrifugal fluid exiting through the drive nozzles. In this case, no special bell housing must be provided for the centrifuge rotor. It is also conceivable to use these in a housing intended for other components. For this purpose, z. As the crankcase of an internal combustion engine or an oil filter module, in which the centrifuge rotor is arranged as a bypass filter in addition to a Hauptstromfilteriement.

Eine der Lagerstellen des Zentrifugenrotors ist gleichzeitig als Einlaß für das zu zentrifugierende Fluid ausgebildet. Diese Lagerstelle bietet im Zusammenwirken mit einer Gleitlagerung gleichzeitig eine genügende Abdichtung der Flüssigkeitszuführung gegenüber dem Gehäuseinnenraum. Das andere Lagerungsmittel wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Wälzlager gebildet. Hierzu bietet sich insbesondere ein Kugellager an. Es ist dabei sinnvoll, die beiden Lagermittel an den beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Deckelfläche und der Bodenfläche anzubringen, um die auftretenden Lagerkräfte zu minimieren.One of the bearing points of the centrifuge rotor is simultaneously formed as an inlet for the fluid to be centrifuged. This bearing provides in conjunction with a plain bearing at the same time a sufficient seal of the liquid supply to the housing interior. The other storage means will be formed according to the invention by a rolling bearing. For this purpose, in particular a ball bearing offers. It makes sense to attach the two bearing means on the two opposite sides of the lid surface and the bottom surface in order to minimize the occurring bearing forces.

Die Lageraufnahme an der Deckelfläche für das Wälzlager ist zum Inneren des Rotors abgedichtet. Dies kann zum Beispiel dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Deckelfläche des Rotors geschlossen ausgeführt und die Lageraufnahme einteilig angeformt ist. Auf jeden Fall muß die Lageraufnahme derart gestaltet sein, daß das zu zentrifugierende Fluid dort nicht aus dem Rotorinnenraum in den Gehäuseraum dringen kann. Dies hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß das Wälzlager keinem Leckagestrom am Zentrifugenrotor ausgesetzt ist. Für eine Schmierung des Wälzlagers reicht der durch die Antriebsdüsen des Zentrifugenrotors erzeugte Ölnebel vollständig aus und führt sogar zu den optimalen Schmierbedingungen. Die Reibung des Wälzlagers ist daher außerordentlich gering.The bearing receptacle on the cover surface for the rolling bearing is sealed to the interior of the rotor. This can be achieved, for example, by making the cover surface of the rotor closed and integrating the bearing receptacle integrally. In any case, the bearing mount must be designed such that the fluid to be centrifuged there can not penetrate from the rotor interior into the housing space. This has the significant advantage that the rolling bearing is not exposed to any leakage current on the centrifuge rotor. For lubrication of the rolling bearing of the oil mist generated by the drive nozzles of the centrifuge rotor is completely sufficient and even leads to the optimum lubrication conditions. The friction of the rolling bearing is therefore extremely low.

Zusätzlich kann auch ein gekapseltes Wälzlager verwendetwerden. Dieses kann damit vor Verunreinigungen im zu zentrifugierenden Fluid geschützt werden, und vor Inbetriebnahme auf Lebensdauer abgeschmiert werden. Allerdings dürfen die schleifenden Dichtungsteile der Kapselung nicht den im Zentrifugeninnenraum herrschenden Öldruck ausgeliefert sein, da dies zu einer zu großen Lagerreibung bis hin zum Blockieren führen würde. Eine abgedichtete Lageraufnahme am Rotor in der bereits beschriebenen Form ist also auch in dieser Variante nötig.In addition, an enclosed rolling bearing can also be used. This can thus be protected from contamination in the fluid to be centrifuged, and lubricated for life before commissioning. However, the sliding sealing parts of the encapsulation must not be delivered to the pressure prevailing in the centrifuge interior oil pressure, as this would lead to a large bearing friction up to blocking. A sealed bearing support on the rotor in the form already described is therefore also necessary in this variant.

Die Lageraufnahme kann z. B. aus einem geschlossenen Achsstummel bestehen, der von der Dekkelfläche abragt und in den Innenring des Wälzlagers geschoben wird. Ebenso denkbar ist auch eine konzentrische Vertiefungen derDeckelfläche, in den das Wälzlager mit seinem Außenring eingesetzt wird. Der Achsstummel überträgt die auf den Zentrifugenrotorwirkenden Radialkräfte. Bei entsprechender Wahl des Wälzlagers, z. B: eines Kugellagers, kann dieses die Axialkräfte auffangen, die unter anderem durch den Öldruck am Gleitlager entstehenThe bearing support can z. B. consist of a closed stub axle, which protrudes from the Dekkelfläche and is pushed into the inner ring of the bearing. Also conceivable is a concentric recesses of the cover surface, in which the rolling bearing is used with its outer ring. The stub axle transmits the radial forces acting on the centrifuge rotor. With an appropriate choice of the bearing, z. B: a ball bearing, this can absorb the axial forces caused by, among other things, the oil pressure on the plain bearing

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform für das Lagerproblem bei den bereits beschriebenen Zentrifugen besteht darin, daß zumindest ein Gleitlager vorgesehen ist, wobei dieses aus einer Lagerbuchse und einer Gleitbuchse besteht. Die Lagerbuchse wird im Gehäuse befestigt. Dies kann bevorzugt durch Einpressen geschehen, es sind jedoch auch andere Möglichkeiten wie Einkleben oder eine Schraubverbindung zum Einklemmen denkbar. Die Gleitbuchse wird in die Lagerbuchse gesteckt und kommuniziert mit einer Lageraufnahme, die am Rotor vorgesehen ist. Die Lageraufnahme stellt gleichzeitig den Einlaß für das zu zentrifugierende Fluid in den Rotor dar. Die Lageraufnahme kann z. B. aus einem Hohlstutzen bestehen, der in die Gleitbuchse eingesteckt wird. Genauso denkbar ist aber auch eine lochförmige Aufnahme im Rotor, in den die Gleitbuchse hineingesteckt werden kann. In jedem Falle gewährleistet die Gleitbuchse eine Durchleitung des zu zentrifugierenden Fluids vom Einlaßkanalsystem zum Einlaß am Rotor.A preferred embodiment of the bearing problem in the centrifuges already described is that at least one sliding bearing is provided, which consists of a bearing bush and a sliding bushing. The bearing bush is fastened in the housing. This can preferably be done by pressing, but there are also other options such as gluing or a screw for clamping conceivable. The slide bushing is inserted into the bearing bush and communicates with a bearing mount, which is provided on the rotor. The bearing receptacle also represents the inlet for the fluid to be centrifuged in the rotor. B. consist of a hollow pipe, which is inserted into the slide bushing. Equally conceivable, however, is a hole-like receptacle in the rotor into which the sliding bush can be inserted. In any case, the Gleitbuchse ensures a passage of the fluid to be centrifuged from the inlet channel system to the inlet on the rotor.

Das zu zentrifugierende Fluid wirkt gleichzeitig als Schmiermittel für das Gleitlager. Hierbei wird ein geringer Leckageverlust zwischen den Gleitpartnern des Gleitlagers hingenommen, im wesentlichen stellt das Gleitlagerjedoch eine Abdichtung zwischen Zuleitungskanal und dem die Zentrifuge umgebenden Gehäuseinnenraum dar.The fluid to be centrifuged also acts as a lubricant for the sliding bearing. In this case, a small leakage loss between the sliding partners of the sliding bearing is accepted, but substantially the Gleitlagerjedoch represents a seal between the feed channel and the surrounding housing interior of the centrifuge.

Für die Gleit- und Lagerbuchse kann eine Werkstoffpaarung gewählt werden, die optimale Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Gleitlagerungseigenschaften dieser Bauteile gewährleistet. Die Lagerbuchse kann z. B. aus Bronze bestehen während die Gleitbuchse aus Stahl gefertigt wird. Bevorzugt ist zur Gleitlagerung des Rotors eine Relativbewegung zwischen Gleit- und Lagerbuchse vorgesehen, während die Verbindung zwischen Lageraufnahme am Rotor und Lagerbuchse drehsteif ausgeführt sein soll. Hierzu muß jedoch der Drehwiderstand der Gleitbuchse in der Lageraufnahme nur unwesentlich größer sein, als der zwischen der Buchsenpaarung. Dies kann bereits durch einfaches Aufstecken des Rotors auf die Lagerbuchse gewährleistet sein. Daraus folgt ein einfache Demontierbarkeit des Zentrifugenrotors, der im allgemeinen als Austauschteil ausgeführt ist. Damit kann die Gleitbuchse vorteilhafter Weise mehrfach verwendet werden.For the sliding and bearing bush a material pairing can be selected, which ensures optimum results in terms of the sliding bearing properties of these components. The bearing bush can z. B. made of bronze while the sliding bush is made of steel. Preferably, a relative movement between the sliding and bearing bush is provided for sliding bearing of the rotor, while the connection between bearing mount on the rotor and bearing bush should be designed torsionally rigid. For this purpose, however, the rotational resistance of the slide bushing in the bearing receiver must be only slightly larger than that between the socket pairing. This can already be ensured by simply plugging the rotor onto the bearing bush. This results in a simple disassembly of the centrifuge rotor, which is generally designed as a replacement part. Thus, the sliding bush can advantageously be used several times.

Die beschriebene Gestaltung des Gleitlagers bringt besondere Vorteile bei einer Gestaltung der Zentrifuge aus Kunststoff mit sich, insbesondere, wenn der Rotorvollständig aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist. Der Aufbau eines solchen Kunststoffzentrifugenrotors kann z. B. der WO98/46361 entnommen werden (siehe Figur 3 mit zugehöriger Figurenbeschreibung). Der Kunststoff ist aufgrund seiner ungünstigen relativen Wärmeausdehnung zu den in Frage kommenden Gleitpartnem nicht gut für eine direkte Lagerung in einer Lagerbuchse geeignet. Durch Zwischenschaltung der Gleitbuchse wird das Dauerlaufverhalten der Zentrifugenlagerung daher deutlich verbessert, da sich kleine Lagerspalte mit einem geringen Leckölverlust realisieren lassen. Ist die Lageraufnahme am Kunststoffzentrifugenrotordurch einen Hohlstutzen gebildet, kann eine Verbindung zur Gleitbuchse, wie erwähnt, durch einfaches Einstecken erfolgen. Die Passung zwischen Hohlstutzen und Gleitbuchse kann derart gewählt werden, daß auch hier eine Relativbewegung möglich ist, wobei die dabei auftretende Reibung über der zwischen dem Buchsenpaar liegen sollte.The described design of the sliding bearing brings with it special advantages in a design of the plastic centrifuge with, in particular, when the rotor is completely made of plastic. The structure of such a plastic centrifuge rotor can, for. Example, the WO98 / 46361 are removed (see Figure 3 with associated figure description). The plastic is not well suited for direct bearing in a bushing due to its unfavorable relative thermal expansion to the sliding components in question. By interposing the slide bush, the endurance behavior of the centrifuge bearing is therefore significantly improved, since small bearing gaps can be realized with a low loss of leakage oil. If the bearing receptacle on the plastic centrifuge rotor formed by a hollow socket, a connection to the sliding bush, as mentioned, can be done by simply plugging. The fit between the hollow socket and slide bushing can be chosen such that a relative movement is possible here as well, whereby the friction occurring should lie above that between the socket pair.

Eine günstige Ausführungsform der Gleitbuchse sieht vor, diese mit einer Verliersicherung zu versehen. Diese kann z. B. aus einem Absatz bestehen, der an dem dem Rotor abgewandten Ende der Buchse angebracht ist. Dieserverhindert dann ein Herausrutschen der Gleitbuchse aus der Lagerbuchse beim Wechseln des Zentrifugenrotors. Damit kann der Rotor auch dann aus derGleitbuchse gezogen werden, wenn die Verbindung zwischen Rotor und Gleitbuchse mit einer höheren Reibung behaftet ist, als die Paarung der beiden Buchsen, wie dies bei der bereits beschriebenen Anwendungsform der Fall ist. Der Austauschrotor kann dann einfach in die Gleitbuchse gesteckt werden, ohne daß letztere verloren gehen oder falsch eingebaut werden könnte. Es wird auf diese Weise also vorteilhaft die Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit beim Austausch des Rotors verringert. Der verbrauchte Rotor kann, sofern es sich um ein vollständig aus Kunststoff gefertigtes Bauteil handelt, problemlos thermisch entsorgt werden.A favorable embodiment of the sliding bush provides to provide them with a captive. This can, for. B. consist of a paragraph which is attached to the end remote from the rotor of the bushing. This then prevents slipping out of the slide bushing from the bearing bush when changing of the centrifuge rotor. Thus, the rotor can be pulled out of the sliding sleeve even if the connection between the rotor and sliding bush is subject to a higher friction than the pairing of the two bushes, as is the case with the already described embodiment. The replacement rotor can then simply be plugged into the sliding bush, without the latter being lost or incorrectly installed. It is thus advantageously reduced the error probability when replacing the rotor in this way. The used rotor, if it is a completely made of plastic component, can be easily disposed of thermally.

Der Erfindungsgedanke kann zweckmäßig weitergebildet werden, wenn zumindest eines der Lagermittel drei rotatorische Freiheitsgrade bezüglich des Lagermittelpunktes die jeweiligen Lagermittel aufweist. Selbstverständlich entspricht der erste rotatorische Freiheitsgrad der Zentrifugendrehung selbst und muß in jedem Falle vorgesehen sein. Die beiden anderen rotatorischen Freiheitsgrade ermöglichen ein Pendeln der Rotationsachse des Rotors, wobei das Zentrum dieses Pendeins der Lagermittelpunkt des jeweiligen Lagermittels ist. Diese Maßnahme wird jedoch nichtvorgesehen, um ein Pendeln des Zentrifugenrotors zu erreichen, sondern um ein toleranzbedingteh Winkelversatz der Zentrifugendrehachse kräftefrei ausgleichen zu können. Die Pendelbewegung wird durch das jeweils andere Lager an der Zentrifuge verhindert.The concept of the invention can be developed appropriately if at least one of the bearing means has three rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the bearing center point the respective bearing means. Of course, the first rotational degree of freedom corresponds to the centrifuge rotation itself and must be provided in each case. The other two degrees of rotational freedom enable oscillation of the axis of rotation of the rotor, the center of this pendulum being the bearing center of the respective bearing means. However, this measure is not provided in order to achieve a pendulum of the centrifuge rotor, but to be able to compensate for a tolerance-induced h angular offset of the centrifuge axis of rotation force-free. The pendulum movement is prevented by the other bearing on the centrifuge.

Die kraftfreie Lagerung ist vor allen Dingen notwendig, wenn Gleitlager zum Einsatz kommen. Bereits kleinste Winkelversätze können hierzu einem starken Ansteigen der Lagerreibung bis hin zu einem Blokkieren des Rotors führen. Die zusätzlichen rotatorischen Freiheitsgrade erlauben also größere Fertigungstoleranzbereiche sowohl für den Zentrifugenrotor wie auch das Gehäuse. Dies hat wesentliche Vorteile bei der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Fertigung der genannten Bauteile. Aber selbst bei feinsttolerierten Teilen kann die erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung ein Ansteigen der Reibungsverluste vollständig verhindern. Der Effekt ist eine weitere Erhöhung der zu erreichenden Drehzahlen des Zentrifugenrotors. Gleichzeitig läßt sich die gewünschte Nenndrehzahl der Zentrifuge zuverlässiger erreichen, da die Streuung bei den Reibungswerten der Lager einzelner Zentrifugen verringert wird.The force-free storage is necessary, above all, when plain bearings are used. Even the smallest angular offsets can lead to a strong increase in the bearing friction up to a blocking of the rotor. The additional rotational degrees of freedom thus allow larger production tolerance ranges for both the centrifuge rotor and the housing. This has significant advantages in the economics of the production of said components. But even in the finest tolerated parts, the development of the invention can completely prevent an increase in friction losses. The effect is a further increase in the rotational speeds of the centrifuge rotor to be achieved. At the same time, the desired nominal speed of the centrifuge can be achieved more reliably, since the dispersion in the friction values of the bearings of individual centrifuges is reduced.

Die zusätzlichen rotatorischen Freiheitsgrade der Lagermittel können durch eine kalottenartige Gestalt der Lageraußenringe, die im Gehäuse befestigt sind, erreicht werden. Der angesprochene Lagermittelpunkt ergibt sich demnach durch den Mittelpunkt der Kugel, die die gekrümmten Kalottenflächen beinhaltet. Für ein Gleitlager bietet es sich demnach an, handelsübliche Lagerkalotten als Lagerbuchsen zum Einsatz kommen zu lassen. Bei dem Einsatz von Wälzlagern besteht die Möglichkeit, den Außenring des Wälzlagers ballig auszuführen, oder das Wälzlagerselbst ebenfalls in einer Lagerkalotte unterzubringen, wobei die Lagerkalotte mit den Gehäusewänden im Eingriff steht.The additional rotational degrees of freedom of the bearing means can be achieved by a dome-like shape of the bearing outer rings which are mounted in the housing. The addressed bearing center thus results from the center of the sphere, which includes the curved Kalottenflächen. For a plain bearing, it is therefore appropriate to use commercially available bearing cups as bearing bushes. When using rolling bearings, it is possible to make the outer ring of the bearing spherical, or to accommodate the rolling bearing itself also in a bearing dome, wherein the bearing dome is in engagement with the housing walls.

Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin das Vorsehen eines Axialspiels des Rotors in der Lagerung. Dehnt sich der Rotor infolge von Temperaturschwankungen stärker aus, als das Gehäuse, kann durch diese Gestaltung verhindert werden, daß der Rotor Klemmkräfte auf die Lagermittel ausübt. Dies garantiert vor allen Dingen im Dauerbetrieb der Zentrifuge eine einwandfreie, reibungsarme Funktion des Rotors. Ein Schlagen der Zentrifuge aufgrund des Lagerspiels während deren Betrieb wird auf grund des Funktionsprinzips verhindert. Durch den resultierenden Öldruck im Inneren der Zentrifuge wird diese während des Betriebs gegen das Lagermittel gedrückt, welches sich auf der dem Einlaß abgewandten Seite der Zentrifuge befindet. Dieses Lager muß also auch Axialkräfte aufnehmen. Ein Kugellager ist daher besonders geeignet. Um das Axialspiel zu begrenzen, können am Zentrifugenrotor Axialanschläge vorgesehen werden. Als Axialanschlag kann selbstverständlich auch der Rotorkörper selbst genutzt werden, da dieser einen größeren Durchmesser als die Lageraufnahmen aufweist.A further advantage is the provision of an axial clearance of the rotor in the storage. If the rotor expands more strongly than the housing due to temperature fluctuations, this design can prevent the rotor from exerting clamping forces on the bearing means. This guarantees, above all in continuous operation of the centrifuge, a perfect, low-friction function of the rotor. A beating of the centrifuge due to the bearing clearance during their operation is prevented on the basis of the principle of operation. Due to the resulting oil pressure inside the centrifuge it is pressed during operation against the bearing means, which is located on the side facing away from the inlet side of the centrifuge. So this bearing must also absorb axial forces. A ball bearing is therefore particularly suitable. To limit the axial play, axial stops can be provided on the centrifuge rotor. As an axial stop, of course, the rotor body itself can be used, since this has a larger diameter than the bearing mounts.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform, die erreichbaren Höchstdrehzahlen eines Freistrahlzentrifugenrotors zu maximieren, ist darin zu sehen, den Boden des Rotors aus Kunststoff in einem Stück herzustellen, wobei neben der Lageraufnahme für Lagerungsmittel auch mindestens eine Antriebsdüse in den Boden integriert ist. Die Kunststoffbauweise ermöglicht eine hochpräziese Ausgestaltung der Düsenöffnung, wobei auch deren Geometrie variiert werden kann. Das Kunststoffteil kann als Spritzgußteil ausgeführt sein, wobei die Düsenöffnungen mit in die Gußform integriert sind. Eine Nachbearbeitung dieses Teils ist dann nicht erforderlich, was zu zusätzlichen Kosteneinsparungseffekten führt. Alternativ kann die Düsenöffnung auch gebohrtwerden, wobei aufgrund der Werkstoffwahl hierbei eine hohe Präzision erreichbar ist. Die Spritzgußtechnologie ermöglicht außerdem einen zusätzlichen Gestaltungsfreiraum für die Düsengeometrie. Die genannten Vorteile lassen sich bei bekannten Blechböden nur mit großem Aufwand, z.B. durch Verwendung von Präzisionsbohrem, realisieren was insbesondere bei der Anwendung der Zentrifuge im Kraftfahrzeugbereich nicht wirtschaftlich ist. Normaierweise werden die Löcher gestanzt oder mit Standartbohrern erzeugt.A preferred embodiment to maximize the achievable maximum speeds of a free-jet centrifuge rotor is to make the bottom of the rotor made of plastic in one piece, wherein in addition to the bearing support for storage means and at least one drive nozzle is integrated into the ground. The plastic construction allows a high-precision design of the nozzle opening, wherein also their geometry can be varied. The plastic part may be designed as an injection molded part, wherein the nozzle openings are integrated with the mold. Post-processing of this part is then not required, resulting in additional cost savings. Alternatively, the nozzle opening can also be drilled, whereby a high precision can be achieved due to the choice of material. Injection molding technology also allows additional design freedom for the nozzle geometry. The above advantages can be in known sheet metal only with great effort, e.g. by using Präzisionsbohrem realize what is particularly in the application of the centrifuge in the automotive sector is not economical. Normally, the holes are punched or produced with standard drills.

Vorteilhaft kann die Lageraufnahme aus einem Hohlstutzen bestehen, der an den Kunsttoffboden angegossen ist. Der Hohlstutzen bildet dann gleichzeitig den Einlaß für den Rotor und wirkt mit einem Gleitlager zusammen, wie dies bereits beschrieben wurde. Durch die Funktionsintegration verschiedener Komponenten im Boden läßt sich der Aufwand für Fertigung und Montage deutlich reduzieren.Advantageously, the bearing support consist of a hollow pipe, which is molded onto the Kunsttoffboden. The hollow pipe then simultaneously forms the inlet for the rotor and cooperates with a sliding bearing, as already described. The functional integration of various components in the floor significantly reduces the cost of production and assembly.

Soll am Boden ein Wälzlager verwendet werden, so muß die Lageraufnahme am Boden aus bereits genannten Gründen derart ausgeführt sein, daß der Rotorinnenraum an dieser Stelle dichtend vom Gehäuseinnenraum getrennt wird. Der Einlaß für das zu zentrifugierende Fluid kann dann zum Beispiel in der anderen Lagerstelle erfolgen.If a roller bearing is to be used on the ground, then the bearing receptacle on the ground for reasons already mentioned must be designed such that the rotor interior sealing at this point from the housing interior is disconnected. The inlet for the fluid to be centrifuged can then take place, for example, in the other bearing.

Eine besonders günstige Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, daß im Boden des Deckels weiterhin ein lmpulskanal integriert ist, der zur Innenseite des Deckels durch eine Kanalabdeckung vom Innenraum abgetrennt ist. Das Fluid erreicht durch Einlaßöffnungen den Impulskanal und wird an die Antriebsdüse weftergeleitet. Dabei wird die kinetische Energie der Fluidtellchen teilweise in rotatorische Drehbewegung des Rotors umgesetzt. Hierdurch läßt sich ein weiterer Drehzahlgewinn für den Zentrifugenrotor erreichen. Die Anordnung des Impulskanals hat jedoch noch einen weiteren Vorteil. Die Einlaßöffnung für den Impulskanal wird nahe der Zentrifugenachse angebracht und befindet sich am Boden im untersten Teil des Zentrifugeninneren. Hierdurch wird die Schmutzaufnahmekapazität der Zentrifuge auf ein Maximum erhöht, da kein Beruhigungsraum im Einzugsbereich der Antriebsdüsen vorgesehen werden muß, der das Aufnahmevolumen des Zentrifugenrotors für abgeschiedenes Material verkleinern würde.A particularly favorable embodiment of the invention provides that in the bottom of the lid, a pulse channel is further integrated, which is separated from the interior to the inside of the lid by a channel cover. The fluid reaches the pulse channel through inlet ports and is sent to the drive nozzle. In this case, the kinetic energy of the fluid particles is partially converted into rotary rotational movement of the rotor. As a result, a further speed gain for the centrifuge rotor can be achieved. However, the arrangement of the pulse channel has another advantage. The inlet port for the pulse channel is mounted near the centrifuge axis and is located at the bottom in the lowermost part of the centrifuge interior. As a result, the dirt holding capacity of the centrifuge is increased to a maximum, since no calming space must be provided in the catchment area of the drive nozzles, which would reduce the receiving volume of the centrifuge rotor for deposited material.

Der drehzahlsteigemde Effekt des impulskanals läßt sich optimal nutzen, wenn dessen Krümmungsverlauf stetig ist. Das bedeutet, daß dieser durch eine kontinuierliche Umleitung des Fluids von einer radial nach außen gerichteten zu einer tangential ausgerichteten Strömungsrichtung eine Umsetzung des Strömungsimpulses in eine Drehbewegung bewirkt. Diese Funktion läßt sich selbstverständlich auch nutzen, wenn zum Beispiel aufgrund baulicher Bedingungen eine Richtungsänderung von weniger als 90° im Impulskanal erfolgt. Auch Unstetigkeiten im Kanalverlauf führen nur zu einer Verringerung des beschriebenen Effektes.The speed-increasing effect of the pulse channel can be used optimally if its curvature is continuous. This means that this causes a conversion of the flow pulse in a rotary motion by a continuous diversion of the fluid from a radially outward directed to a tangentially oriented flow direction. Of course, this function can also be used if, for example due to structural conditions, a change in direction of less than 90 ° takes place in the pulse channel. Even discontinuities in the channel process only lead to a reduction of the described effect.

Der Kanaldeckel kann mit dem Boden verklebt oder verschweißt werden. Eine günstige Gestaltung der Einlaßöffnung wird erreicht, wenn diese ringförmig um ein sich im Inneren der Zentrifuge erstrecktes Mittelrohr angeordnet wird. Das Mittelrohrkann vorteilhafterweise ebenfalls in den Boden integriert sein. Dieses ragt dann in den Innenraum der Zentrifuge hinein und sorgt für eine Leitung des zu zentrifugierenden Fluids in den oberen Teil des Rotorinnenraums hinein. Von dort strömt es dann zurück zu den Einlaßöffnungen am Impulskanal oderwenn dieser nichtvorgesehen ist, direkt zu den Antriebsdüsen. Die Integration des Mittelrohrs in den Boden führt also zu einer weiteren Bauteilintegration, die die Wirtschaftlichkeit der vorgeschlagenen Lösungen erhöht.The manhole cover can be glued or welded to the floor. A favorable design of the inlet opening is achieved when it is arranged in a ring around a center tube extending in the interior of the centrifuge. The center tube may advantageously also be integrated into the ground. This then protrudes into the interior of the centrifuge and ensures a line of the fluid to be centrifuged into the upper part of the rotor interior. From there it then flows back to the inlet ports on the pulse channel or, if this is not provided, directly to the drive nozzles. The integration of the central tube in the ground thus leads to a further component integration, which increases the efficiency of the proposed solutions.

Diese und weitere Merkmale von bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen bei der Ausführungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte sowie für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird.These and other features of preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the description and drawings, wherein the individual features are realized individually or in each case in the form of sub-combinations in the embodiment of the invention and in other fields and can represent advantageous and protectable versions for which protection is claimed here.

Zeichnungdrawing

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden in den Zeichnungen anhand von schematischen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Hierbei zeigen

Figur 1
eine Ölzentrifuge mit Kunststoffrotor und Impulskanal, eingebaut in ein gesondertes Gehäuse und gelagert durch ein Wälz- und ein Gleitlager, im Mittelschnitt,
Figur 2
eine alternative Ausgestaltung der Wälzlagerung entsprechend dem Detail X aus Figur 1 entsprechender Darstellung,
Figur 3
eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Wälzlagerung entsprechend dem Detail X der Figur 1,
Figur 4
eine alternative Ausgestaltung der Gleitlagerung, dargestellt entsprechend dem Detail Y der Figur 1 und
Figur 5
die Aufsicht auf das Innere des Rotorbodens.
Further details of the invention are described in the drawings with reference to schematic embodiments. Show here
FIG. 1
an oil centrifuge with plastic rotor and impulse duct, installed in a separate housing and supported by a rolling and a plain bearing, in the middle section,
FIG. 2
an alternative embodiment of the rolling bearing according to the detail X of Figure 1 corresponding representation,
FIG. 3
a further embodiment of the rolling bearing according to the detail X of Figure 1,
FIG. 4
an alternative embodiment of the sliding bearing, shown in accordance with the detail Y of Figure 1 and
FIG. 5
the supervision of the interior of the rotor bottom.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 ist eine Ölzentrifuge für den Kraftfahrzeugbereich dargestellt. Diese Zentrifuge ist in ein Gehäuse, bestehend aus einem Gehäusesockel 10 und einer Gehäuseglocke 11, untergebracht. Die beiden Gehäuseteile sind miteinander verschraubt und durch einen O-Ring 12 abgedichtet.FIG. 1 shows an oil centrifuge for the motor vehicle sector. This centrifuge is housed in a housing consisting of a housing base 10 and a bell housing 11. The two housing parts are screwed together and sealed by an O-ring 12.

Im Inneren des Zentrifugengehäuses ist ein Rotor 13 drehbar gelagert. Auf der einen Seite des Rotors 13 ist zur Lagerung ein Achsstummel 14 vorgesehen. Dieser ist hohl ausgeführt, jedoch am Ende verschlossen, so daß ein vollständiger Abschluß des Zentrifugeninneren zu einem Gehäuseinnenraum 15 gewährleistet ist. Das Wälzlager 16 ist in eine Gehäuseaufnahme 17a eingesetzt, wobei Schnappnasen 18 unter Nutzung der Elastizität des Gehäuseglockenwerkstoffs eine Fixierung des Kugellagers gewährleisten. Bei einem Austausch des Rotors verbleibt das Kugellager daher in derGehäusegiocke und kann nichtverloren gehen.Inside the centrifuge housing, a rotor 13 is rotatably mounted. On one side of the rotor 13, a stub axle 14 is provided for storage. This is hollow, but closed at the end, so that a complete closure of the centrifuge interior is ensured to a housing interior 15. The rolling bearing 16 is inserted into a housing receptacle 17a, wherein snap lugs 18 ensure a fixation of the ball bearing by utilizing the elasticity of the housing baffle material. Thus, when replacing the rotor, the ball bearing remains in the housing gimp and can not be lost.

Am anderen Ende des Rotors ist zur Lagerung desselben ein Hohlstutzen 19 angebracht. Dieser ist in eine Gleitbuchse 20 gesteckt, die wiederum in einer Lagerbuchse 21 umläuft. Die Lagerbuchse ist kalottenförmig ausgebildet und in eine passende Gehäuseaufnahme 17b eingebracht. Zur Fixierung der Lagerbuchse ist ein Fixierring 22 vorgesehen, der auf der Gehäuseaufnahme 17b befestigt ist.At the other end of the rotor a hollow pipe 19 is attached to the storage thereof. This is plugged into a sliding bushing 20, which in turn rotates in a bearing bush 21. The bearing bush is dome-shaped and introduced into a suitable housing receptacle 17b. For fixing the bearing bush, a fixing ring 22 is provided, which is fastened on the housing receptacle 17b.

Das zu zentrifugierende Öl erreicht durch eine Zuführung 23 das Gleitlager 20, 21, welches den Gehäuseinnenraum 15 vom Zufluß 23 abdichtet. Das zufließende ÖI sorgt gleichzeitig für eine Schmierung des Gleitlagers. Vom Gleitlager tritt das Öl durch einen Einlaß 24 im Hohlstutzen 19 in das Innere eines Mittelrohrs 25 und wird durch dessen Ende in einen Abscheideraum 26 des Rotors geleitet. In diesem sind Leitrippen 27 vorgesehen, zwischen denen sich eine Ablagerungsfläche28, gebildet durch die Rotorinnenwände befindet. Das Öl strömt langsam zu einer ringförmigen Einlaßöffnung 29, die zu lmpulskanälen 30 führt. In dieser Zeit werden Partikel auf der Ablagerungsfläche 28 abgeschleden, wobei die Leitrippen eine Rotation des Öls im Zentrifugeninneren unterstützen. Durch die Impulskanäle erreicht das Öl Antriebsdüsen 31 und wird durch diese in den Gehäuseinnenraum gespritzt. Im Gehäusesockel ist ein Abfluß 32 für das gereinigte Öl vorgesehen. Die Flußrichtung des Öls ist durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet.The oil to be centrifuged reaches through a feed 23, the sliding bearing 20, 21, which seals the housing interior 15 from the inlet 23. The inflowing Oil at the same time ensures lubrication of the plain bearing. From the plain bearing, the oil passes through an inlet 24 in the hollow pipe 19 in the interior of a central tube 25 and is passed through the end in a separation chamber 26 of the rotor. In this Leitrippen 27 are provided, between which there is a Ablagerungsfläche28 formed by the rotor inner walls. The oil flows slowly to an annular inlet opening 29 which leads to pulse channels 30. During this time, particles are cut off on the deposition surface 28, the guide ribs assisting rotation of the oil inside the centrifuge. Through the pulse channels, the oil reaches drive nozzles 31 and is injected through them into the housing interior. In the housing base, a drain 32 is provided for the purified oil. The flow direction of the oil is indicated by arrows.

Der Rotor 13 weist in eingebauter Lage ein Axialspiel in Richtung der Rotationsachse auf, welches durch die beiden Lagerungen gewährleistet wird. Am Achsstummel 14 befindet sich ein Axialanschlag 33, der das Axialspiel des Rotors nach oben hin begrenzt. Im Gleitlager wird das Axialspiel durch die Gestaltung der Gleitbuchse 20 gewährleistet. Diese Ist länger ausgeführt, als die Lagerbuchse, so daß eine Axialbewegung des Rotors ermöglicht wird. Als Anschlag dient eine Verliersicherung 34, die an einem Ende der Gleitbuchse als Absatz ausgeführt ist. Diese begrenzt die Axialbewegung der Gleitbuchse, wobei sie einerseits an der Zuführung 23 und andererseits an der Lagerbuchse 21 anstößt. Auf diese Weise wird auch vermieden, daß die Gleitbuchse aus der Lagerbuchse herausrutschen kann und verloren geht. Der Rotor 13 ist in der Axialstellung dargestellt, die im Ruhezustand eingenommen wird. Im Betrieb wird der Rotor mit dem Axialanschlag 33 gegen das Wälzlager 16 gedrückt, welches gleichzeitig die dabei entstehenden Axialkräfte aufnimmt.The rotor 13 has in the installed position an axial clearance in the direction of the axis of rotation, which is ensured by the two bearings. At the stub axle 14 is an axial stop 33, which limits the axial play of the rotor towards the top. In plain bearings, the axial play is ensured by the design of the slide bush 20. This is made longer than the bearing bush, so that an axial movement of the rotor is made possible. As a stop serves a captive 34, which is designed as a paragraph at one end of the sliding bush. This limits the axial movement of the sliding bush, wherein it abuts on the one hand to the feed 23 and on the other hand to the bearing bush 21. In this way it is also avoided that the sliding bush can slip out of the bearing bush and is lost. The rotor 13 is shown in the axial position, which is taken in the idle state. In operation, the rotor is pressed with the axial stop 33 against the rolling bearing 16, which simultaneously absorbs the resulting axial forces.

In Figur 2 ist die Verwendung eines Kugellagers 35 mit balligem Außenring zur Lagerung des Achsstummels 14 in einer Gehäuseaufnahme 17c dargestellt. Diese Gestaltung verhindert eine Übertragung von Biegemomenten durch den Achsstummel. Dies wird durch die kardanische Einspannung in der Gehäuseaufnahme 17c erreicht. Zur Fixierung des Kugellagers 35 in der Gehäuseaufnahme sind entsprechend Figur 1 Schnappnasen 18 vorgesehen.FIG. 2 shows the use of a ball bearing 35 with a spherical outer ring for supporting the stub axle 14 in a housing receptacle 17c. This design prevents transmission of bending moments through the stub axle. This is achieved by the cardan clamping in the housing receptacle 17c. For fixing the ball bearing 35 in the housing receptacle snap lugs 18 are provided according to FIG.

Die Lagerung gemäß Figur 3 entspricht im Wirkprinzip der Lagerung gemäß Figur 2. Sie zeigt die Möglichkeit auf, eine kardanische Lagerung des Wälzlagers 16 durch Verwendung einer Lagerkalotte 36 zu erzielen. Die Lagerkalotte entspricht dem balligen Außenring des Kugellagers 35.The storage according to FIG. 3 corresponds in principle to the storage according to FIG. 2. It shows the possibility of achieving a gimbal bearing of the rolling bearing 16 by using a bearing cup 36. The bearing dome corresponds to the spherical outer ring of the ball bearing 35.

Eine Alternative für das Gleitlager gemäß Figur 1 ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. Die Gleitbuchse 20 überträgt bei dieser Ausführung Biegemomente der Zentrifugenachse. Die Lagerbuchse 21, die aus Bronze hergestellt ist, ist in die Zuführung 23 eingepreßt. Die Gleitbuchse 20, aus Stahl ist länger als im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 ausgeführt und wird in das Innere des Mittelrohrs 25 eingepreßt. Die Zuführung des Öls erfolgt in der gemäß Figur 1 beschriebenen Weise.An alternative for the sliding bearing according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. The sliding bush 20 transmits in this embodiment bending moments of the centrifuge axis. The bushing 21, which is made of bronze, is pressed into the feed 23. The bushing 20, made of steel is designed to be longer than in the embodiment of Figure 1 and is pressed into the interior of the central tube 25. The supply of the oil takes place in the manner described in Figure 1.

Der Figur 5 läßt sich ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Gestaltung des Impulskanals 30 entnehmen. Es ist die Aufsicht auf einen Boden 37 des Rotors dargestellt, wobei die Blickrichtung von innen nach außen geführt ist. Zentral ist der Einlaß 24 angeordnet, der in das Innere des Mittelrohres 25 führt. Der Impulskanal 30 ist in den Boden 37 eingelassen, und führt In stetiger Krümmung von einer radial nach außen gerichteten Strömungsrichtung a zu einer tangentialen Strömungsrichtung b, die gleichzeitig die Spritzrichtung der Antriebsdüsen 31 angibt. Der Impulskanal ist durch eine teilweise aufgebrochen dargestellte Kanalabdeckung 38 verschlossen (siehe auch Figur 1). Die Kanalabdeckung ist durch Vibrationsschweißen auf den Impulskanal aufgebracht. Am Rand des lmpulskanals ist hierfür ein Schweißabsatz 39 vorgesehen. Die Einlaßöffnung 29 wird gebildet durch einen Spalt zwischen einer Außenwand 40 des Mittelrohrs 25 und einem hochgezogenen Ringrand 40 der Kanalabdeckung 38.5 shows an embodiment for the design of the pulse channel 30 can be seen. It is shown the top view of a bottom 37 of the rotor, wherein the viewing direction is guided from the inside to the outside. The inlet 24 is centrally located, which leads into the interior of the central tube 25. The pulse channel 30 is embedded in the bottom 37, and leads In continuous curvature of a radially outwardly directed flow direction a to a tangential flow direction b, which simultaneously indicates the direction of injection of the drive nozzle 31. The pulse channel is closed by a channel cover 38 shown partially broken (see also Figure 1). The channel cover is applied to the pulse channel by vibration welding. At the edge of the pulse channel, a welding step 39 is provided for this purpose. The inlet port 29 is formed by a gap between an outer wall 40 of the central tube 25 and a raised ring edge 40 of the channel cover 38.

Claims (10)

  1. Free-jet centrifuge, more especially for cleaning the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine, which centrifuge includes:
    - a rotor (13) having an inlet (22) and at least one propellant nozzle (31) as the outlet and a deposition face (28) in the interior of the rotor,
    - a housing (10, 11) for shielding the rotor from the surroundings, and
    - mounting means for the rotatable mounting of the rotor (13) in the housing (10, 11), one of the mounting means comprising a slide bearing (21, 22), which simultaneously forms the inlet (22),
    characterised in that another mounting means comprises a roller bearing (16), which is optimised in respect of the bearing friction, by a bearing mounting, which is sealed towards the interior of the rotor and arranged at the rotor and is, more especially, a closed axle portion (14), being provided for said roller bearing on the rotor.
  2. Free-jet centrifuge according to claim 1, which centrifuge includes:
    - a rotor (13) having an inlet (22) and at least one propellant nozzle (31) as the outlet and a deposition face (28) in the interior of the rotor,
    - a housing (10, 11) for shielding the rotor from the surroundings, and
    - mounting means for the rotatable mounting of the rotor (13) in the housing (10, 11), one of the mounting means comprising a slide bearing (21, 22), which simultaneously forms the inlet (22),
    characterised in that the slide bearing (21, 22) includes a bearing bush (21) and a sliding bush (20),
    ■ the bearing bush being secured in the housing,
    ■ the sliding bush being inserted into the bearing bush, a mating of materials for the bearing bush and sliding bush being selected and having optimised slidable mounting properties, and
    ■ a bearing mounting, which forms the inlet (22) of the rotor (13) and is, more especially, a hollow connection piece (19), being connected to the sliding bush.
  3. Free-jet centrifuge according to claim 2, characterised in that the sliding bush (20) includes a loss-preventing means (34) for preventing said bush from sliding out of the bearing bush.
  4. Free-jet centrifuge according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least one of the bearing means includes three rotary axes of freedom in respect of the bearing centre point of the respective bearing means.
  5. Free-jet centrifuge according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the rotor (13) has an axial clearance, which is defined by axial stop members (33), in the mounting means along its axis of rotation.
  6. Free-jet centrifuge according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the rotor (13) includes a base (37), which is produced entirely in one piece and is manufactured from plastics material, said base being provided with a bearing mounting for one of the mounting means and at least one propellant nozzle (31), and in that the at least one propellant nozzle (31) is connected to the interior of the rotor (13) via a pulse channel (30), the pulse channel being incorporated an the inside of the cover and being separated from said interior by a channel covering (38) apart from one inlet aperture (29).
  7. Free-jet centrifuge according to claim 6, characterised in that the bearing mounting in the base (37) comprises a hollow connection piece (19), which simultaneously forms the inlet (22) and is in engagement with a slide bearing (21, 22).
  8. Free-jet centrifuge according to claim 6, characterised in that the bearing mounting has a closed configuration, so that the separating chamber (26) of the rotor (13) is completely separated from the housing interior (15) at this location, the bearing mounting being in engagement with a roller bearing.
  9. Free-jet centrifuge according to one of the claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the pulse channel (30) has a continuous curvature in the projection towards a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor (13) in an angular range of more than 45°, said angular range being within a range extending from a radially outwardly orientated direction of flow to a tangentially aligned direction of flow in respect of the axis of rotation.
  10. Free-jet centrifuge according to one of the claims 6 to 9, characterised in that a central pipe (25) is disposed on the base (37), the inlet (22) terminating in the interior of said pipe, and said pipe protruding with its open end into the interior of the rotor (13).
EP99923422A 1998-04-16 1999-04-16 Free jet centrifuge Expired - Lifetime EP1071512B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99923422A EP1071512B2 (en) 1998-04-16 1999-04-16 Free jet centrifuge

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1998/002219 WO1998046361A1 (en) 1997-04-16 1998-04-16 Rotor, especially for incorporation into the enclosure of a free jet centrifuge
WOPCT/EP98/02219 1998-04-16
DE19911212A DE19911212A1 (en) 1999-03-12 1999-03-12 Shaft bearing with spherical cap
DE19911212 1999-03-12
PCT/EP1999/002584 WO1999054051A1 (en) 1998-04-16 1999-04-16 Free jet centrifuge
EP99923422A EP1071512B2 (en) 1998-04-16 1999-04-16 Free jet centrifuge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1071512A1 EP1071512A1 (en) 2001-01-31
EP1071512B1 EP1071512B1 (en) 2002-02-20
EP1071512B2 true EP1071512B2 (en) 2006-06-14

Family

ID=27219024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99923422A Expired - Lifetime EP1071512B2 (en) 1998-04-16 1999-04-16 Free jet centrifuge

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1071512B2 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046315A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-09-06 The Weatherhead Company Centrifugal separator with discharge pump
SU1017390A1 (en) * 1982-01-14 1983-05-15 Ярославский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Моторный Завод Liquid cleaning centrifugal machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1071512A1 (en) 2001-01-31
EP1071512B1 (en) 2002-02-20

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