EP1070888B1 - Joint à brosses et machine comportant un joint à brosse - Google Patents

Joint à brosses et machine comportant un joint à brosse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1070888B1
EP1070888B1 EP00306178A EP00306178A EP1070888B1 EP 1070888 B1 EP1070888 B1 EP 1070888B1 EP 00306178 A EP00306178 A EP 00306178A EP 00306178 A EP00306178 A EP 00306178A EP 1070888 B1 EP1070888 B1 EP 1070888B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush seal
bristles
machine
filaments
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00306178A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1070888A3 (fr
EP1070888A2 (fr
Inventor
Mahmut Faruk Aksit
Robert Russell Mayer
Osman Saim Dinc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP1070888A2 publication Critical patent/EP1070888A2/fr
Publication of EP1070888A3 publication Critical patent/EP1070888A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1070888B1 publication Critical patent/EP1070888B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
    • F16J15/3288—Filamentary structures, e.g. brush seals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to seals, and more particularly to a brush seal and to a machine having a brush seal.
  • Machines include rotary machines such as turbines for steam turbines and compressors and turbines for gas turbines.
  • a steam turbine has a steam path which typically includes, in serial-flow relationship, a steam inlet, a turbine, and a steam outlet.
  • a gas turbine has a gas path which typically includes, in serial-flow relationship, an air intake (or inlet), a compressor, a combustor, a turbine, and a gas outlet (or exhaust nozzle). Gas or steam leakage, either out of the gas or steam path or into the gas or steam path, from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure, is generally undesirable.
  • gas-path leakage in the turbine or compressor area of a gas turbine, between the rotor of the turbine or compressor and the circumferentially surrounding turbine or compressor casing will lower the efficiency of the gas turbine leading to increased fuel costs.
  • steam-path leakage in the turbine area of a steam turbine, between the rotor of the turbine and the circumferentially surrounding casing will lower the efficiency of the steam turbine leading to increased fuel costs.
  • annular brush seals have been proposed for use between a rotor and a surrounding casing in gas and steam turbines see US-A-4600202 .
  • the annular brush seal is made up of circumferentially-arrayed brush seal segments.
  • Each brush seal segment is attached to the casing and includes a back (i.e., downstream) plate, a front (i.e., upstream) plate, and bristles which are positioned between the back and front plates with the free end of generally each bristle extending beyond the edges of the back and front plates.
  • the bristles typically are canted at an angle of generally forty-five degrees in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the free ends of the bristles are close to (and may even touch) the rotor.
  • the front plate (and in some designs also portions of the back plate), near the free ends of the bristles, is spaced apart from the bristles to allow room for the bristles to flex and recover during transient encounters of the free ends of the bristles with the rotor.
  • Metal wire bristles have been proposed with one end of each bristle being welded between and to the front and back plates.
  • each bristle has a diameter of between 0.002 inch and 0.008 inch.
  • there are no more than fifteen rows of bristles between the front and back plates because additional rows would make the brush seal too stiff for proper operation and very difficult to manufacture within desired dimensional tolerances. What is needed is an improved brush seal for a machine.
  • a brush seal is for reducing leakage of a fluid across a pressure drop in a machine.
  • the brush seal includes a bristle holder attachable to the machine.
  • the brush seal also includes filament yarn bristles secured to the bristle holder.
  • the filament yarn is an aramid filament yarn.
  • a brush seal is for reducing leakage of a fluid across a pressure drop in a machine.
  • the brush seal includes a bristle holder attachable to the machine.
  • the brush seal also includes yarns, wherein each of the yarns includes filaments, wherein each of the filaments defines a bristle, and wherein each of the bristles is secured to the bristle holder.
  • the filaments are aramid filaments.
  • a machine in a third expression of an embodiment of the invention, includes first and second components, a fluid, and a brush seal.
  • the second component is spaced apart from the first component to define a gap therebetween.
  • the fluid has a pressure drop generally transverse to the gap during machine operation.
  • the brush seal includes a bristle holder attachable to the machine and also includes filament yarn bristles secured to the bristle holder.
  • the filament yarn is an aramid filament yarn.
  • a rotary machine in a fourth expression of an embodiment of the invention, includes a stator, a rotor, a fluid, and a brush seal.
  • the rotor is radially spaced apart from the stator to define a gap therebetween.
  • the fluid has a pressure drop generally transverse to the gap during machine operation.
  • the brush seal includes a bristle holder attachable to the stator.
  • the brush seal also includes yarns, wherein each of the yarns includes filaments, wherein each of the filaments defines a bristle, and wherein each of the bristles is secured to the bristle holder.
  • the filaments are aramid filaments.
  • aramid filaments for the bristles of a brush seal for a machine results in bristles of smaller diameter resulting in greatly increased bristle packing densities which should significantly reduce leakage.
  • Using a yarn of aramid filaments allows a brush seal of small-diameter bristles to be constructed since it is virtually impossible to handle and secure individual small-diameter aramid filaments to a bristle holder.
  • aramid filament yarn is a KEVLAR ® (trademark of DuPont) aramid filament yarn. It is noted that making known metal wire or ceramic wire bristles of smaller diameter would result in bristles that would easily break during usage.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the present invention as a portion of a machine 10 (which is a rotary machine 12) having two brush seals 14 and 16, with one of the brush seals 14 shown in greater detail in Figures 2 and 3 .
  • brush seal 16 is similar or generally identical to brush seal 14, and that the description of brush seal 14 given below serves also as a description of brush seal 16.
  • the rotary machine 12 is an electric generator and specifically a hydrogen-cooled electric generator.
  • the rotary machine 12 is a centrifugal compressor, a steam turbine (including a turbine portion thereof) used by a power utility company, or a gas turbine (including a compressor portion or a turbine portion thereof) used as an aircraft engine or used by a power utility company.
  • a steam turbine including a turbine portion thereof
  • a gas turbine including a compressor portion or a turbine portion thereof
  • the invention is not limited to an association with a rotary machine and can be associated with any machine experiencing a fluid pressure drop during machine operation.
  • a non-rotary machine is a linearly-reciprocating machine.
  • the invention is not limited to being expressed as a machine and can also be expressed as a brush seal for a machine.
  • the brush seal is not limited to a moving or rotating portion of the machine and can be employed between two components having no relative motion or relative rotation.
  • a first expression of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1-3 is a brush seal 14 for reducing leakage of a fluid across a pressure drop in a machine 10.
  • the brush seal 14 includes a bristle holder 18 attachable to the machine 10 and filament-yarn bristles 20 secured to the bristle holder 18.
  • a filament-yarn bristle 20 is defined as a bristle consisting of, or consisting essentially of, a filament 22 supplied to a brush-seal manufacturer together with other filaments 22 in the form of yarn 24, 26, 28, and 30.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a diameter of less than 0,000254 cm (0.001 inch and in one example has a diameter of generally 0.00056 inch), a yarn 24-30 contains from 1,000 to 2,000 bristles 20, and a brush seal 14 contains between one and hundreds of yarns 24-30.
  • the bristles 20 are non-metallic bristles and are filaments 22 of an aramid filament yarn.
  • An exemplary aramid filament yarn is a KEVLAR ® (trademark of DuPont) aramid filament yarn.
  • Other examples of filament yarns include, without limitation, nylon, polyester, and fluorocarbon filament yarns.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a first end 32 and a second end 34, wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18 proximate the first end 32, and wherein the second end 34 is a free end.
  • the bristles 20 have a packing density of greater than 100,000 filaments per inch (and in one example has a packing density of generally 272,000 filaments per inch).
  • a second expression of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1-3 is a brush seal 14 for reducing leakage of a fluid across a pressure drop in a machine 10.
  • the brush seal 14 includes a bristle holder 18 attachable to the machine 10.
  • the brush seal 14 also includes a plurality of yarns 24-30, wherein each of the yarns 24-30 consists essentially of (or consists of) a multiplicity of filaments 22, wherein each of the filaments 22 defines a bristle 20, and wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18.
  • the terminology "plurality of yarns" includes, without limitation, a plurality of shorter yarn segments cut from one or more longer yarns.
  • the brush seal 14 contains at least fifty yarns (only four yarns 24-30 being shown for clarity in Figure 2 ).
  • each of the filaments 22 consists essentially of, or consists of, an aramid filament such as a KEVLAR ® (trademark of DuPont) aramid filament, and each of the yarns 24-30 consists of between 1,000 and 2,000 filaments 22.
  • each of the filaments 22 has a diameter of less than 0.001 inch, and the filaments 22 have a packing density of greater than 100,000 filaments per inch.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a first end 32 and a second end 34, wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18 proximate the first end 32, and wherein the second end 34 is a free end.
  • a machine 10 in a third expression of the invention shown in Figures 1-3 , includes a first component 36, a second component 38, a fluid 40, and a brush seal 14.
  • the second component 38 is spaced apart from the first component 36 to define a gap 42 between the first and second components 36 and 38.
  • the fluid 40 is in fluid communication with the gap 42, wherein the fluid 40 has a pressure drop generally transverse to the gap 42, and wherein the pressure drop is generated during operation of the machine 10. It is noted that the pressure drop can be generated by the machine itself or can be generated independently of the machine.
  • the brush seal 14 includes a bristle holder 18 attachable to the machine 10 and filament-yarn bristles 20 secured to the bristle holder 18.
  • a filament-yarn bristle 20 is defined as a bristle consisting of, or consisting essentially of, a filament 22 supplied to a brush-seal manufacturer together with other filaments 22 in the form of a yarn 24, 26, 28, and 30.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a diameter of less than 0,00254 cm (0.001 inch), a yarn 24-30 contains from 1,000 to 2,000 bristles 20, and a brush seal 14 contains between one and hundreds of yarns 24-30.
  • the bristles 20 are filaments 22 of an aramid filament yarn.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a first end 32 and a second end 34, wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18 proximate the first end 32, and wherein the second end 34 is a free end.
  • the bristles 20 have a packing density of greater than 100,000 filaments per inch.
  • a rotary machine 12 includes a stator 44, a rotor 46, a fluid 40, and a brush seal 14.
  • the rotor 46 is generally coaxially aligned with the stator 44 and is radially spaced apart from the stator 44 to define a gap 42 between the stator 44 and the rotor 46.
  • the stator 44 circumferentially surrounds the rotor 46, as seen in Figure 1 , but certain applications require the rotor to circumferentially surround the stator, as is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the fluid 40 is disposed in the gap 42, wherein the fluid 40 has a pressure drop generally transverse to the gap 42, and wherein the pressure drop is generated during operation of the machine 10.
  • the brush seal 14 includes a bristle holder 18 attachable to the stator 44 of the rotary machine 12.
  • the brush seal 14 also includes a plurality of yarns 24-30, wherein each of the yarns 24-30 consists essentially of (or consists of) a multiplicity of filaments 22, wherein each of the filaments 22 defines a bristle 20, and wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18.
  • the brush seal 14 contains at least fifty yarns (only four yarns 24-30 being shown for clarity in Figure 2 ).
  • each of the filaments 22 consists essentially of, or consists of, an aramid filament such as a KEVLAR ® (trademark of DuPont) aramid filament, and each of the yarns 24-30 consists of between 1,000 and 2,000 filaments 22.
  • each of the filaments 22 has a diameter of less than 0,00254 cm (0.001 inch), and the filaments 22 have a packing density of greater than 100,000 filaments per inch.
  • each of the bristles 20 has a first end 32 and a second end 34, wherein each of the bristles 20 is secured to the bristle holder 18 proximate the first end 32, and wherein the second end 34 is a free end which extends generally towards the rotor 46.
  • the second end 34 is disposed proximate the rotor 46, and in some applications is disposed to just touch the rotor 46.
  • the bristles 20 are canted at an angle, such as the generally forty-five degree angle shown in Figure 2 , with such canting being known to the artisan. to minimize interference with the rotor 46 if the rotor 46 is imagined as present and rotating counterclockwise in Figure 2 .
  • the stator 44 is an electric-generator stator
  • the rotor 46 is an electric-generator rotor.
  • brush seal 14 is for reducing the leakage of a fluid 40 which is liquid oil 48.
  • the stator 44 is a hydrogen-cooled electric-generator stator
  • the rotor 46 is a hydrogen-cooled electric-generator rotor.
  • brush seal 16 (the other brush seal shown in Figure 1 ) is for reducing the leakage of a fluid 40 which is gaseous hydrogen 50.
  • a rotary machine 12 which is a hydrogen-cooled electric generator has pressurized gaseous hydrogen 50 present for cooling purposes in that portion of the gap 42 which is to the left of brush seal 16 as viewed in Figure 1 .
  • the pressure drop of the gaseous hydrogen 50 is from left to right across brush seal 16 as viewed in Figure 1 .
  • a more highly-pressurized liquid oil 48 is introduced (at an entry point not visible in Figure 1 ) in that portion of the gap 42 which is between brush seal 14 and bearing 52.
  • the pressure drop of the liquid oil 48 is from right to left across brush seal 14 as viewed in Figure 1 .
  • Brush seals 14 and/or 16 can be used in other applications such as, without limitation, in a gap between a stator and a rotor (including a tip of a rotor blade) of any compressor and/or turbine portion of an aircraft gas turbine engine or any turbine portion of a steam turbine or any compressor and/or turbine portion of a gas turbine of a power utility company.
  • One method for making Applicants' brush seal 10, with its filament-yarn bristles 20 includes cutting a long yarn into shorter, equal-sized yarns (which can also be referred to as yarn segments), wrapping the yarns around a core wire, and clamping the wrapped yarns. Another method includes clamping the yarns between a front plate and a back plate of a bristle holder and then using a high temperature epoxy or other adhesive to join together the yarns and the front and back plates.
  • An exemplary method includes obtaining a weldable front plate 56 of a bristle holder 18 having a step 58, obtaining a weldable back plate 60 of a bristle holder 18 having a step 62 matching the step 58 of the front plate 56, clamping the yarns 24-30 between the matched steps 62 and 58, and welding the front and back plates 56 and 60 together, wherein the weldment 64 is spaced apart from the first ends 32 of the bristles 20.
  • aramid filaments for the bristles 20 of a brush seal 14 for a machine 10 results in bristles 20 of smaller diameter resulting in greatly increased bristle packing densities which should significantly reduce leakage.
  • Using a yarn 24-30 of filaments 22 (such as aramid filaments) allows a brush seal 14 of small-diameter bristles 20 to be constructed since it is virtually impossible to handle and secure individual small-diameter aramid filaments to a bristle holder 18.
  • filaments 22 such as aramid filaments
  • aramid filament yarn is a KEVLAR ® (trademark of DuPont) aramid filament yarn.
  • Applicants' bristles being non electrical conductors so that Applicants' brush seal does not require the electrical insulation needed by conventional metal-wire brush seals to insulate them from the stator to prevent unwanted electrical discharge between the rotor and the stator of an electric generator.
  • Applicants' brush seal should save generally one-third the cost of a conventional metal-wire brush seals.
  • Applicants plan to dynamically retest their brush seal in oil after increasing bristle stiffness by reducing the distance between the front plate and the free ends of the bristles and/or by increasing the thickness of the brush seal by adding more bristles by increasing the distance between the front and back plates.
  • Applicants also plan static and dynamic tests of their brush seal in air wherein engineering analysis predicts reduced static and dynamic leakage over conventional brush seals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Joint à brosse (14, 16) pour réduire les fuites d'un fluide dans une chute de pression à l'intérieur d'une machine (10), ledit joint à brosse (14, 16) comprenant :
    a) un support de poils (18) pouvant être fixé à ladite machine (10) ; et
    b) une pluralité de fils (24, 26, 28, 30), chacun desdits fils (24, 26, 28, 30) étant constitué essentiellement d'une multitude de filaments (22), chacun desdits filaments (22) définissant un poil (20), caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits poils (20) est constitué d'un filament d'aramide et est fixé audit support de poils (18), chacun desdits poils (20) ayant un diamètre inférieur à 0,00254 cm (0,001 pouce), lesdits poils (20) ayant une densité de tassement supérieure à 100 000 filaments par 2,54 cm (pouce).
  2. Joint à brosse (14, 16) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chacun desdits poils (20) a une première extrémité (32) et une deuxième extrémité (34), et dans lequel chacun desdits poils (20) est fixé audit support de poils (18) à proximité de ladite première extrémité (32), et dans lequel ladite deuxième extrémité (34) est une extrémité libre.
  3. Machine comprenant:
    a) un premier composant (36);
    b) un deuxième composant (38) distant dudit premier composant (36) pour définir un espace (42) entre lesdits premier et deuxième composants (36, 38) ;
    c) un fluide (40) en communication fluide avec ledit espace (42), dans lequel ledit fluide (40) a une chute de pression globalement transversale audit espace (42), et dans lequel ladite chute de pression est produite pendant le fonctionnement de ladite machine ;
    caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un joint à brosse (14, 16) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  4. Machine selon la revendication 3 lorsqu'elle dépend directement ou indirectement de la revendication 2, dans laquelle ladite deuxième extrémité (34) s'étend globalement vers ledit deuxième composant (38).
  5. Machine selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la machine est une machine tournante, le premier composant (36) est un stator et le deuxième composant (38) est un rotor globalement aligné de façon coaxiale avec ledit stator et distant radialement dudit stator pour définir un espace entre ledit stator et ledit rotor.
EP00306178A 1999-07-22 2000-07-20 Joint à brosses et machine comportant un joint à brosse Expired - Lifetime EP1070888B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14504999P 1999-07-22 1999-07-22
US145049P 1999-07-22
US505805 2000-02-17
US09/505,805 US6406027B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2000-02-17 Brush seal and machine having a brush seal

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1070888A2 EP1070888A2 (fr) 2001-01-24
EP1070888A3 EP1070888A3 (fr) 2002-08-28
EP1070888B1 true EP1070888B1 (fr) 2008-02-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00306178A Expired - Lifetime EP1070888B1 (fr) 1999-07-22 2000-07-20 Joint à brosses et machine comportant un joint à brosse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6406027B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1070888B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5150021B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE60038076T2 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
JP5150021B2 (ja) 2013-02-20
EP1070888A3 (fr) 2002-08-28
US6406027B1 (en) 2002-06-18
DE60038076T2 (de) 2009-03-05
DE60038076D1 (de) 2008-04-03
EP1070888A2 (fr) 2001-01-24
JP2001090842A (ja) 2001-04-03

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