EP1065446B1 - Ceramic heating rod,glow plug comprising the same and method of production - Google Patents

Ceramic heating rod,glow plug comprising the same and method of production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1065446B1
EP1065446B1 EP00111705A EP00111705A EP1065446B1 EP 1065446 B1 EP1065446 B1 EP 1065446B1 EP 00111705 A EP00111705 A EP 00111705A EP 00111705 A EP00111705 A EP 00111705A EP 1065446 B1 EP1065446 B1 EP 1065446B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating rod
rod
region
heating element
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EP00111705A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1065446A2 (en
EP1065446B2 (en
EP1065446A3 (en
Inventor
Helmut Müller
Jens Hillius
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BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
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Beru AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element with a heating element made of electrically conductive ceramic material, a glow plug of a glow plug body and an incorporated heating element and a method for producing a heating element.
  • a heating element according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2 is known from DE-A-3 924 777 known.
  • a heating conductor which consists of a substantially flat or pin-shaped conductor, which is arranged between two insulating half-cylinders.
  • the conductor is completely surrounded by the insulating ceramic mass, which is a poor conductor of heat, with the exception of the connection area, so that in the heating area, the heating time of the heating element is extended due to the poor thermal conductivity of the ceramic material.
  • a heating rod with a heating element of electrically conductive ceramic material is also made of DE 4 117 253 A1 known.
  • the heating portion is cantilevered at the tip of a hollow holder outwardly supported in a glow plug body, wherein an insulating layer is inserted between the front end portion of the holder of the ceramic heater corresponding conductor sections and firmly fitted there.
  • the conductor sections and the insulation layer are connected via a braze filler metal, which consists of a Cu-Al-Ti alloy.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heating element with a heating element of electrically conductive ceramic material and a rod glow plug be provided with such a heating element available, with simple production process of the heating element to enable mass production, while at the same time a high level of functionality and dimensional accuracy and compact design of heating rod or glow plug are to be achieved.
  • the glow plug according to the invention is the subject of claim 8.
  • the inventive method for producing a heating element is designed as indicated in claim 9.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is the subject of claim 10.
  • FIG. 1 has an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention, as provided for a glow plug, a conventional per se, corresponding outer shape. It has a heating element 1a, which is in the form of a U-shaped component (see FIGS. 5a and 5b ) or as a sleeve-shaped Component (see FIG. 6 ) is trained; this heating element 1a has in the heating area 11 a U-shaped bent area (see Figures 5a / 5b ) or a hemispherical shell-shaped region with integrally adjoining regions 11a and 11b which are rod-shaped (see FIG Figures 5a / 5b ) or sleeve-shaped (see FIG. 6 ) are formed and also consist of the same conductive ceramic material 2.
  • a heating element 1a which is in the form of a U-shaped component (see FIGS. 5a and 5b ) or as a sleeve-shaped Component (see FIG. 6 ) is trained; this heating element 1a has in the
  • the heating element 1a is covered on all sides by insulating ceramic material 3 and intimately connected to it, preferably without any further intermediate layer; the insulating ceramic compound 3 forms the heating element body 1b, in which the heating element 1a is embedded.
  • the supply lines 11a / 11b emerge from the heating element body 1b and form the contact surfaces 9.
  • a region of the lines 11a or 11b can also be formed as a support base for an electronic component 8.
  • This electronic component 8 can serve for purposes of diagnosis, sensor or control of the heating element 1a.
  • the sealing surface 10 is designed for sealing fitting in the non-illustrated rod glow plug body.
  • the production of the heating element 1a is carried out by injection molding, in which a corresponding shape is filled with the conductive ceramic 2. Subsequently, the ejected part 1a is encapsulated with insulating ceramic 3. It is particularly advantageous if these steps are carried out in a unit by multi-component injection molding in two successive steps.
  • the conductive ceramic composition consists, for example, of a sialon powder which is mixed with thermosetting resin or thermoplastic synthetic material to form a syringe-shaped mass.
  • the molded part produced from 2 components is then freed by heat treatment of the fillers required for the spraying process and so on a compact ceramic raw part, which can be finished before the final firing still mechanically, for example by grinding.
  • the heating area 11 can be positioned in the tip of the heating bar in a targeted manner; In the connection area, however, the cross section is increased in order to provide the lowest possible heating power there.
  • FIG. 2 the Schustab tip region of another embodiment of the inventive heating element according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the heating region 11 is kept free in the outwardly facing region of the heating element 1a of insulating ceramic 3, so that the conductive ceramic material 2 is exposed; this is particularly advantageous when the heating element according to the invention is used for ionization measurement.
  • the heating behavior can be improved by this measure, since the lapsed insulating ceramic 3 does not have to be heated in this area. It is particularly advantageous if the conductive ceramic 2 is exposed to the surface only on the heating rod tip, because additional insulation, for example with glaze in the installation area, is therefore no longer necessary.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a heating element according to the invention as part of a unipolar rod glow plug, wherein the heating element 1a is exposed in the heating area 11 on the surface of the heating element.
  • the heating element 1a is designed such that the Glühstromzuschreib done in the Schustabspitze via a central supply line with a relatively large cross-section; from the Schustabspitze it is passed over the heating area 11 on the outer surface of the glow plug body 6, which thus serves as a ground terminal.
  • the heating area can cover the entire surface or in one or more segments be split, which are interrupted by insulating ceramic 3.
  • the electrical connection of the heating element 1a for example, by a pressure contact via a connector 4 to lead to the outside.
  • the ground terminal is designed so that the conductive ceramic is at least partially exposed at the sealing surface 10 and thereby the electrical connection to the metallic body 6 is made, through which the heating element 1a contacted to ground, so that a single-pole design of such a candle, which may be formed as a glow plug for a diesel engine or for a heater results.
  • FIG. 4 A further embodiment of a glow plug according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4 played.
  • the heating element 1a is in this case also surrounded in the installation area in the body 6 with insulating ceramic 3, so that a contact with the body 6 is excluded.
  • the terminal regions 5 and 7 are connected to an electronic component 8, wherein a part of the heating element 1a at the same time serves as a carrier for the electronic component 8. With this electronic component 8, the heating element 1a can be controlled, clocked or switched between annealing and measuring operation.
  • the heating element such as in FIG. 2 described, designed such that at least in a partial region, the conductive ceramic layer 2 is exposed at a suitable location for the measurement.
  • FIG. 5a is the schematic side view of a heating element 1 a of a Walkerstabaus exchangesform invention, for example according to FIG. 1 , reproduced.
  • This device is manufactured in a first manufacturing step by injection molding and is with an extension of the leg 11b as a carrier 7 for an electronic Component 8 is formed.
  • This element is in the subsequent manufacturing stage 2 according to FIG. 5b with an insulating ceramic 3 to the final shape to form the Schustab stressess 1b finished encapsulated so that heating element 1a is embedded in the Schustab stresses 1b. It is particularly advantageous if this second production stage is performed by a second injection unit in the same tool, after the corresponding tool slides are pulled and the mold cavity is released for the second manufacturing stage.
  • the product After encapsulation, the product is removed by tempering of the fillers; by the final firing the ceramic components 1 and 2 are sintered together to form a solid unitary component. If necessary, the surface of the heating rod can be reworked, for example, at the Abdichtschulter by grinding or glazing.
  • the heating element 1a made of conductive ceramic material 2 may also be sleeve-shaped, wherein in this embodiment a centric feed line 7 is provided for the glow current, which is preferably likewise formed from the conductive ceramic material 2.
  • the contact surface 9 is annular.
  • this heating element 1a can have apertures 12, which, on the one hand, effect a better filling of the inner cavity of the heating element 1a during the finished encapsulation with insulating ceramic 3 and, on the other hand, reduce the cross-section of the sleeve-shaped conductor; As a result, the electrical resistance of the heating element 1a can be selectively increased in this area, so that faster heating occurs here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

An immersion heater has a heater element (1a) of electrically conductive ceramic material that has an elongated U-shaped heating area integrally connected to a pair of conductors. The heater element is embedded in an immersion heater body (1b) made of an electrically insulating ceramic substance (3). Various insulating layers of different materials are used.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizstab mit einem Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigem Keramikmaterial, eine Stabglühkerze aus einem Glühkerzenkörper und einem eingearbeiteten Heizstab sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizstabes.The invention relates to a heating element with a heating element made of electrically conductive ceramic material, a glow plug of a glow plug body and an incorporated heating element and a method for producing a heating element.

Ein Heizstab nach dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 oder des Patentanspruchs 2 ist aus der DE-A-3 924 777 bekannt.A heating element according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2 is known from DE-A-3 924 777 known.

Bei dem bekannten Heizstab ist ein Heizleiter vorgesehen, der aus einem im Wesentlichen flachen oder stiftförmig ausgebildeten Leiter besteht, der zwischen zwei isolierenden Halbzylindern angeordnet ist. Der Leiter ist mit Ausnahme des Anschlussbereiches vollständig von der isolierenden Keramikmasse, die ein schlechter Wärmeleiter ist, umgeben, so dass im Heizbereich die Aufheizzeit des Heizstabes aufgrund der schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Keramikmasse verlängert ist.In the known heating rod, a heating conductor is provided, which consists of a substantially flat or pin-shaped conductor, which is arranged between two insulating half-cylinders. The conductor is completely surrounded by the insulating ceramic mass, which is a poor conductor of heat, with the exception of the connection area, so that in the heating area, the heating time of the heating element is extended due to the poor thermal conductivity of the ceramic material.

Ein Heizstab mit einem Heizelement aus elektrischen leitfähigem Keramikmaterial ist gleichfalls aus der DE 4 117 253 A1 bekannt.A heating rod with a heating element of electrically conductive ceramic material is also made of DE 4 117 253 A1 known.

Hierbei ist der Heizabschnitt freitragend an der Spitze eines hohlen Halters nach außen gerichtet in einem Glühkerzenkörper gehaltert, wobei eine Isolationslage zwischen die dem vorderen Endbereich des Halters des keramischen Heizers entsprechenden Leiterabschnitte eingefügt und dort fest eingepasst ist. Die Leiterabschnitte und die Isolationslage sind dabei über ein Hartlötzusatzmetall verbunden, das aus einer Cu-Al-Ti-Legierung besteht. Die Verwendung verschiedener Isolationsschichten aus verschiedenen Materialien sowie die Notwendigkeit von Bondierungs- und Bindeschichten führt zu einem aufwändigen Aufbau einer solchen Glühkerze.Here, the heating portion is cantilevered at the tip of a hollow holder outwardly supported in a glow plug body, wherein an insulating layer is inserted between the front end portion of the holder of the ceramic heater corresponding conductor sections and firmly fitted there. The conductor sections and the insulation layer are connected via a braze filler metal, which consists of a Cu-Al-Ti alloy. The use of different insulating layers of different materials and the need for bonding and bonding layers leads to a complex structure of such a glow plug.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Heizstab mit einem Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigem Keramikmaterial und eine Stabglühkerze mit einem solchen Heizstab zur Verfügung zu stellen, wobei einfache Herstellungsverfahren des Heizstabes die Massenproduktion ermöglichen sollen, während gleichzeitig eine hohe Funktionsfähigkeit und Maßgenauigkeit sowie kompakte Bauweise von Heizstab bzw. Stabglühkerze erzielbar sein sollen.The object of the invention is to provide a heating element with a heating element of electrically conductive ceramic material and a rod glow plug be provided with such a heating element available, with simple production process of the heating element to enable mass production, while at the same time a high level of functionality and dimensional accuracy and compact design of heating rod or glow plug are to be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch einen Heizstab nach dem Patentanspruch 1 oder 2 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a heating element according to claim 1 or 2.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes sind Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 3 bis 7.Advantageous embodiments of the heating element according to the invention are the subject of claims 3 to 7.

Die erfindungsgemäße Stabglühkerze ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 8.The glow plug according to the invention is the subject of claim 8.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Heizstabes ist so ausgestaltet, wie es im Patentanspruch 9 angegeben ist.The inventive method for producing a heating element is designed as indicated in claim 9.

Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrend ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 10.A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is the subject of claim 10.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 ist ein schematischer Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes;
  • Figur 2 ist ein schematischer Längsschnitt durch die Spitze einer anderen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes;
  • Figur 3 ist die schematische Seitenansicht mit teilweisem Längsschnitt einer anderen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes, in einem Stabglühkerzenkörper angeordnet;
  • Figur 4 ist der schematische Längsschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform einer Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 mit erfindungsgemäßen Heizstab;
  • Figuren 5a und 5b zeigen zwei Fertigungsstufen einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes;
  • Fig. 6 ist die schematische Schrägsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Heizelementes eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section through the tip of another embodiment of a heating element according to the invention;
  • FIG. 3 is the schematic side view with a partial longitudinal section of another embodiment of a heating element according to the invention, arranged in a rod glow plug body;
  • FIG. 4 is the schematic longitudinal section through another embodiment of an arrangement according to FIG. 3 with heating rod according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show two stages of production of an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention;
  • Fig. 6 is the schematic oblique view of a further embodiment of a heating element of a heating element according to the invention.

Gemäß Figur 1 hat eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes, wie er für eine Stabglühkerze vorgesehen ist, eine an sich übliche, entsprechende äußere Form. Sie weist ein Heizelement 1a auf, das als U-förmiges Bauteil (siehe Figuren 5a und 5b) oder als hülsenförmiges Bauteil (siehe Figur 6) ausgebildet ist; dieses Heizelement 1a besitzt im Heizbereich 11 einen U-förmig gebogenen Bereich (siehe Figuren 5a/5b) oder einen halbkugelschalenförmigen Bereich mit sich integral anschließenden Bereichen 11a und 11b die stabförmig (siehe Figuren 5a/5b) oder hülsenförmig (siehe Figur 6) ausgebildet sind und ebenfalls aus dem gleichen leitfähigen keramischen Material 2 bestehen.According to FIG. 1 has an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention, as provided for a glow plug, a conventional per se, corresponding outer shape. It has a heating element 1a, which is in the form of a U-shaped component (see FIGS. 5a and 5b ) or as a sleeve-shaped Component (see FIG. 6 ) is trained; this heating element 1a has in the heating area 11 a U-shaped bent area (see Figures 5a / 5b ) or a hemispherical shell-shaped region with integrally adjoining regions 11a and 11b which are rod-shaped (see FIG Figures 5a / 5b ) or sleeve-shaped (see FIG. 6 ) are formed and also consist of the same conductive ceramic material 2.

Das Heizelement 1a ist allseitig von isolierender Keramikmasse 3 bedeckt und mit dieser, bevorzugt ohne jegliche weitere Zwischenschicht, innig verbunden; die isolierende Keramikmasse 3 bildet den Heizstabkörper 1b, in dem das Heizelement 1a eingebettet ist.The heating element 1a is covered on all sides by insulating ceramic material 3 and intimately connected to it, preferably without any further intermediate layer; the insulating ceramic compound 3 forms the heating element body 1b, in which the heating element 1a is embedded.

An dem dem Heizbereich 11 abgewandten Ende des Heizstabes treten die Zuleitungen 11a/11b aus dem Heizstabkörper 1b heraus und bilden die Kontaktflächen 9. Hierbei kann ein Bereich der Leitungen 11a oder 11b auch als Trägerbasis für ein elektronische Bauteil 8 ausgebildet sein. Dieses elektronische Bauteil 8 kann zu Zwecken der Diagnose, Sensorik oder Ansteuerung des Heizelements 1a dienen.At the end of the heating rod facing away from the heating region 11, the supply lines 11a / 11b emerge from the heating element body 1b and form the contact surfaces 9. Here, a region of the lines 11a or 11b can also be formed as a support base for an electronic component 8. This electronic component 8 can serve for purposes of diagnosis, sensor or control of the heating element 1a.

Die Dichtfläche 10 ist zum abdichtenden Einpassen in den nicht abgebildeten Stabglühkerzenkörper ausgebildet.The sealing surface 10 is designed for sealing fitting in the non-illustrated rod glow plug body.

Die Herstellung des Heizelements 1a erfolgt durch Spritzgußverfahren, bei dem eine entsprechende Form mit der leitfähigen Keramik 2 gefüllt wird. Anschließend wird das abgespritzte Teil 1a mit isolierender Keramik 3 umspritzt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn diese Arbeitsschritte in einer Einheit durch Mehrkomponenten-Spritzgußverfahren in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten erfolgen. Hierbei besteht die leitfähige Keramikmasse beispielsweise aus einem Sialon-Pulver, das mit duroplastischem Harz oder thermoplastischer Kunststoffmasse zu einer spritzförmigen Masse vermischt wird.The production of the heating element 1a is carried out by injection molding, in which a corresponding shape is filled with the conductive ceramic 2. Subsequently, the ejected part 1a is encapsulated with insulating ceramic 3. It is particularly advantageous if these steps are carried out in a unit by multi-component injection molding in two successive steps. In this case, the conductive ceramic composition consists, for example, of a sialon powder which is mixed with thermosetting resin or thermoplastic synthetic material to form a syringe-shaped mass.

Das hierbei aus 2 Komponenten hergestellt Spritzteil wird anschließend durch Wärmebehandlung von den für das Spritzverfahren erforderlichen Füllstoffen befreit und so zu einem kompakten Keramikrohteil, das vor dem Fertigbrennen noch mechanisch, beispielsweise durch Schleifen, nachbearbeitet werden kann.The molded part produced from 2 components is then freed by heat treatment of the fillers required for the spraying process and so on a compact ceramic raw part, which can be finished before the final firing still mechanically, for example by grinding.

Durch die Dickendimensionierung der Leitungen 11a/11b, d.h. durch die veränderbare Querschnittsfläche des Heizelements 1a, kann der Heizbereich 11 gezielt in der Spitze des Heizstabes positioniert werden; im Anschlußbereich wird dagegen der Querschnitt erhöht, um dort eine möglichst geringe Heizleistung zu erbringen.Due to the thickness dimensioning of the leads 11a / 11b, i. by the variable cross-sectional area of the heating element 1a, the heating area 11 can be positioned in the tip of the heating bar in a targeted manner; In the connection area, however, the cross section is increased in order to provide the lowest possible heating power there.

In Figur 2 wird der Heizstabspitzenbereich einer anderen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes schematisch wiedergegeben. Hierbei ist der Heizbereich 11 im nach außen weisenden Bereich des Heizelements 1a von isolierender Keramik 3 freigehalten, so daß die leitfähige Keramikmasse 2 frei liegt; dieses ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der erfindungsgemäße Heizstab zur Ionisationsmessung eingesetzt wird. Hinzu kommt, daß durch diese Maßnahme das Aufheizverhalten verbessert werden kann, da die in Fortfall geratene isolierende Keramik 3 in diesem Bereich nicht aufgeheizt werden muß. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die leitfähige Keramik 2 nur an der Heizstabspitze an der Oberfläche frei liegt, weil eine zusätzliche Isolation beispielsweise mit Glasur im Einbaubereich dadurch nicht mehr erforderlich ist.In FIG. 2 the Heizstab tip region of another embodiment of the inventive heating element according to the invention is shown schematically. Here, the heating region 11 is kept free in the outwardly facing region of the heating element 1a of insulating ceramic 3, so that the conductive ceramic material 2 is exposed; this is particularly advantageous when the heating element according to the invention is used for ionization measurement. In addition, the heating behavior can be improved by this measure, since the lapsed insulating ceramic 3 does not have to be heated in this area. It is particularly advantageous if the conductive ceramic 2 is exposed to the surface only on the heating rod tip, because additional insulation, for example with glaze in the installation area, is therefore no longer necessary.

Figur 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabes als Bestandteil einer einpoligen Stabglühkerze, wobei das Heizelement 1a im Heizbereich 11 an der Oberfläche des Heizstabes frei liegt. Hierbei ist das Heizelement 1a derart gestaltet, daß die Glühstromzufuhr in die Heizstabspitze über eine zentrische Zuleitung mit verhältnismäßig großem Querschnitt erfolgt; von der Heizstabspitze wird er über den Heizbereich 11 auf die Mantelfläche an den Glühkerzenkörper 6 geleitet, der damit als Masseanschluß dient. Hierbei kann der Heizbereich die gesamte Oberfläche bedecken oder in ein oder mehrere Segmente aufgeteilt sein, die durch isolierende Keramik 3 unterbrochen sind. FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a heating element according to the invention as part of a unipolar rod glow plug, wherein the heating element 1a is exposed in the heating area 11 on the surface of the heating element. Here, the heating element 1a is designed such that the Glühstromzufuhr done in the Heizstabspitze via a central supply line with a relatively large cross-section; from the Heizstabspitze it is passed over the heating area 11 on the outer surface of the glow plug body 6, which thus serves as a ground terminal. Here, the heating area can cover the entire surface or in one or more segments be split, which are interrupted by insulating ceramic 3.

Der elektrische Anschluß des Heizelements 1a ist beispielsweise durch eine Druckkontaktierung über einen Anschlußstecker 4 nach außen zu führen. Der Masseanschluß ist so ausgeführt, daß an der Dichtfläche 10 die leitfähige Keramik zumindest abschnittsweise freigelegt ist und hierdurch die elektrische Verbindung zu dem metallischen Körper 6 hergestellt wird, über den das Heizelement 1a auf Masse kontaktiert, so daß sich eine einpolige Ausführung einer solchen Kerze, die als Glühkerze für eine Dieselmotor oder für ein Heizgerät ausgebildet sein kann, ergibt.The electrical connection of the heating element 1a, for example, by a pressure contact via a connector 4 to lead to the outside. The ground terminal is designed so that the conductive ceramic is at least partially exposed at the sealing surface 10 and thereby the electrical connection to the metallic body 6 is made, through which the heating element 1a contacted to ground, so that a single-pole design of such a candle, which may be formed as a glow plug for a diesel engine or for a heater results.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Glühkerze ist schematisch in Figur 4 wiedergegeben. Hierbei ist ein Heizstab nach Figur 1 in dem Glühkerzenkörper 6 eingesetzt. Das Heizelement 1a ist hierbei auch im Einbaubereich in den Körper 6 mit Isolierkeramik 3 umgeben, so daß eine Kontaktierung zum Körper 6 ausgeschlossen ist. Die Anschlußbereiche 5 und 7 sind mit einem elektronischen Bauteil 8 verbunden, wobei ein Teil des Heizelements 1a zugleich als Träger für das elektronische Bauteil 8 dient. Mit diesem elektronischen Bauteil 8 kann das Heizelement 1a gesteuert, getaktet oder zwischen Glüh- und Meßbetrieb umgeschaltet werden. Wird die Glühkerze über das elektronische Bauteil 8 zu Ionisationsmessung eingesetzt, wird der Heizstab, wie beispielsweise in Figur 2 beschrieben, derart gestaltet, daß zumindestens in einem Teilbereich die leitende Keramikschicht 2 an einer für die Messung geeigneten Stelle freigelegt ist.A further embodiment of a glow plug according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG FIG. 4 played. Here is a heating element after FIG. 1 used in the glow plug body 6. The heating element 1a is in this case also surrounded in the installation area in the body 6 with insulating ceramic 3, so that a contact with the body 6 is excluded. The terminal regions 5 and 7 are connected to an electronic component 8, wherein a part of the heating element 1a at the same time serves as a carrier for the electronic component 8. With this electronic component 8, the heating element 1a can be controlled, clocked or switched between annealing and measuring operation. If the glow plug is used via the electronic component 8 for ionization measurement, the heating element, such as in FIG. 2 described, designed such that at least in a partial region, the conductive ceramic layer 2 is exposed at a suitable location for the measurement.

In der Figur 5a ist die schematische Seitenansicht eines Heizelements 1a einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizstabausführungsform, beispielsweise gemäß Figur 1, wiedergegeben. Dieses Bauelement wird in einer ersten Herstellungsstufe im Spritzgußverfahren hergestellt und ist mit einer Verlängerung des Schenkels 11b als Träger 7 für ein elektronisches Bauteil 8 ausgebildet.In the FIG. 5a is the schematic side view of a heating element 1 a of a Heizstabausführungsform invention, for example according to FIG. 1 , reproduced. This device is manufactured in a first manufacturing step by injection molding and is with an extension of the leg 11b as a carrier 7 for an electronic Component 8 is formed.

Dieses Element wird in der anschließenden Fertigungsstufe 2 gemäß Figur 5b mit einer isolierenden Keramik 3 zur endgültigen Form unter Ausbildung des Heizstabkörpers 1b fertig umspritzt, so daß Heizelement 1a im Heizstabkörper 1b eingebettet ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn diese zweite Fertigungsstufe durch eine zweite Spritzeinheit im selben Werkzeug durchgeführt wird, nachdem die entsprechenden Werkzeugschieber gezogen werden und das Formnest für die zweite Fertigungsstufe freigegeben ist.This element is in the subsequent manufacturing stage 2 according to FIG. 5b with an insulating ceramic 3 to the final shape to form the Heizstabkörpers 1b finished encapsulated so that heating element 1a is embedded in the Heizstabkörper 1b. It is particularly advantageous if this second production stage is performed by a second injection unit in the same tool, after the corresponding tool slides are pulled and the mold cavity is released for the second manufacturing stage.

Nach dem Umspritzen wird das Produkt durch Temperieren von den Füllstoffen befreit; durch das Fertigbrennen werden die Keramikkomponenten 1 und 2 zu einem festen einheitlichen Bauteil zusammengesintert. Bei Bedarf kann die Oberfläche des Heizstabes beispielsweise an der Abdichtschulter durch Schleifen oder Glasieren nachbearbeitet werden.After encapsulation, the product is removed by tempering of the fillers; by the final firing the ceramic components 1 and 2 are sintered together to form a solid unitary component. If necessary, the surface of the heating rod can be reworked, for example, at the Abdichtschulter by grinding or glazing.

Gemäß Figur 6 kann das Heizelement 1a aus leitfähiger Keramikmasse 2 auch hülsenförmig ausgebildet sein, wobei bei dieser Ausführungsform eine zentrische Zuleitung 7 für den Glühstrom vorgesehen ist, die bevorzugt ebenfalls aus der leitfähigen Keramikmasse 2 gebildet ist. Bei der abgebildeten Ausführungsform ist die Kontaktfläche 9 ringförmig ausgebildet.According to FIG. 6 For example, the heating element 1a made of conductive ceramic material 2 may also be sleeve-shaped, wherein in this embodiment a centric feed line 7 is provided for the glow current, which is preferably likewise formed from the conductive ceramic material 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the contact surface 9 is annular.

Im Heizbereich 11 kann dieses Heizelement 1a Durchbrüche 12 aufweisen, die einerseits beim fertig Umspritzen mit isolierender Keramik 3 ein besseres Füllen des inneren Hohlraumes des Heizelements 1a bewirken und andererseits den Querschnitt des hülsenförmigen Leiters verringern; hierdurch ist in diesem Bereich der elektrische Widerstand des Heizelements 1a gezielt erhöhbar, so daß hier schnellere Erhitzung eintritt.In the heating area 11, this heating element 1a can have apertures 12, which, on the one hand, effect a better filling of the inner cavity of the heating element 1a during the finished encapsulation with insulating ceramic 3 and, on the other hand, reduce the cross-section of the sleeve-shaped conductor; As a result, the electrical resistance of the heating element 1a can be selectively increased in this area, so that faster heating occurs here.

Claims (10)

  1. Heating rod having a heating member (1a) which comprises electrically conductive ceramic material and which is constructed as a component which is U-shaped in longitudinal section, the heating member (1a) being embedded in a heating rod member (1b) comprising an electrically insulating ceramic mass (3), characterised in that the heating member (1a) comprises a hemispherical shell-like heating region (11) having integrally adjoining rod-like regions (11a, 11b) and has the insulating ceramic mass (3) injected round it so as to form the heating rod member (1b).
  2. Heating rod having a heating member (1a) which comprises electrically conductive ceramic material and which is constructed as a component which is U-shaped in longitudinal section, the heating member (1a) being embedded in a heating rod member (1b) comprising an electrically insulating ceramic mass (3), characterised in that the heating member (1a) comprises a hemispherical shell-like heating region (11) having an integrally adjoining sleeve-like region and has the insulating ceramic mass (3) injected round it so as to form the heating rod member (1b).
  3. Heating rod according to claim 2, characterised in that there are provided openings (12) in the heating region (11) of the heating member (1a).
  4. Heating rod according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the rod-like regions (11a, 11b) of the heating member (1a) extends out of the heating rod member (1b) as a connection (5), that region (11a, 11b) being constructed as a carrier of an electronic component (8).
  5. Heating rod according to claim 2, characterised in that the end portion of the heating member (1a) is constructed as a connection pipe portion (9) having a contact face and an electrical power supply line is guided to the heating member tip centrally through the heating member (1a).
  6. Heating rod according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heating region (11) of the heating member (1a) is kept free from insulating ceramic mass (3) on the outer face thereof.
  7. Heating rod according to claim 5, characterised in that the electrical power supply line comprises an electrically conductive ceramic mass (2).
  8. Rod type glow plug comprising a glow plug member and an integrated heating rod according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. Method for producing a heating rod according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the heating member (1a) having a hemispherical shell-like heating region is produced by injection-moulding from an electrically conductive ceramic material in a mould and has, in the same mould, electrically insulating ceramic mass injected round it.
  10. Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the arrangement formed after the injection-moulding operation for the heating member has its temperature adjusted and subsequently the ceramic components are sintered together to form a solid, uniform material by means of combustion.
EP00111705A 1999-07-02 2000-05-31 Ceramic heating rod,glow plug comprising the same and method of production Expired - Lifetime EP1065446B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19930334 1999-07-02
DE19930334A DE19930334C2 (en) 1999-07-02 1999-07-02 Ceramic heating element and glow plug containing the same and method for its production

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1065446A2 EP1065446A2 (en) 2001-01-03
EP1065446A3 EP1065446A3 (en) 2005-03-02
EP1065446B1 true EP1065446B1 (en) 2008-03-05
EP1065446B2 EP1065446B2 (en) 2011-06-08

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US (1) US6335516B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1065446B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2001033037A (en)
KR (1) KR100588004B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE388375T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19930334C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2298108T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19930334C2 (en) 2003-07-31
ATE388375T1 (en) 2008-03-15
US6335516B1 (en) 2002-01-01
JP2001033037A (en) 2001-02-09
EP1065446A2 (en) 2001-01-03
KR100588004B1 (en) 2006-06-08
ES2298108T3 (en) 2008-05-16
DE50015007D1 (en) 2008-04-17
EP1065446B2 (en) 2011-06-08
DE19930334A1 (en) 2001-01-11
KR20010049674A (en) 2001-06-15
EP1065446A3 (en) 2005-03-02

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