EP1065032A2 - Process for making moulded bricks from refractory ceramic - Google Patents

Process for making moulded bricks from refractory ceramic Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1065032A2
EP1065032A2 EP00111217A EP00111217A EP1065032A2 EP 1065032 A2 EP1065032 A2 EP 1065032A2 EP 00111217 A EP00111217 A EP 00111217A EP 00111217 A EP00111217 A EP 00111217A EP 1065032 A2 EP1065032 A2 EP 1065032A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base body
legs
ceramic
shaped
separated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00111217A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1065032A3 (en
Inventor
Volker Dr. Hesse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BURTON GmbH
Original Assignee
BURTON GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BURTON GmbH filed Critical BURTON GmbH
Publication of EP1065032A2 publication Critical patent/EP1065032A2/en
Publication of EP1065032A3 publication Critical patent/EP1065032A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0018—Separating articles from each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D3/123—Furnace cars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of ceramic shaped stones Made of refractory ceramic, which has an essentially L-shaped profile with two have adjoining legs at an angle of approximately 90 °, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates a tunnel kiln kiln car according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • Known tunnel kiln kiln cars have a chassis on which a circumferential edge is attached, which was usually bricked up from lightweight fire bricks.
  • the edge forms a cavity with the chassis, which is usually filled with fibrous insulating material and closed with a cover. Since the aim is to produce tunnel kiln kiln cars that are as light as possible, the bricked-on edge made of light-weight bricks has already been replaced by L-shaped, relatively thin-walled shaped bricks made of refractory ceramics, which can also carry light-weight bricks as required.
  • These ceramic shaped stones are produced in individual molds using the slip casting process and are therefore complex in terms of production technology and correspondingly expensive.
  • the invention is therefore concerned with the problem of a method for manufacturing to specify such ceramic shaped bricks, which is both manufacturing technology as well as cost-effective, the production of stable, dimensionally stable thin-walled L-shaped shaped blocks made of refractory ceramics.
  • this problem is solved by a method with the features of claim 1 solved.
  • the shaped stones according to the invention made of a cordierite-mullite ceramic to produce, as these have particularly high values for resistance to temperature changes and has mechanical strength. So they take Stones in later use during the temperature cycles of heating and cooling no damage before, during and after passing through the furnace and, with good stability, can be made as thin-walled as possible and therefore light his.
  • the basic body 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the shape of a rectangular hollow profile, which is composed of four legs or walls 2, the adjoin each other at an angle of 90 °.
  • the base body 1 is in this form from a correspondingly designed mouthpiece 3 only schematically indicated press 4 pushed out.
  • Separation marks not shown in the drawing be the later exact division of the body 1 into two shaped blocks facilitate. These separating marks can be notch-shaped and already form a material weakening in the legs 2, so that less Material must be sawn or cut.
  • a tunnel kiln is shown schematically, in which the on a chassis 10 placed curbs 11 with the invention Processes were made. They form together with the chassis 10 a cavity 12 which is filled with insulating material 13 and through a cover 14 is complete.
  • Such a tunnel kiln car draws stand out due to their particular stability and low weight. If necessary, you can the curbs have 11 additional receptacles for lightweight fire bricks.

Abstract

The method involves forming a ceramic mass of refractory ceramics into a base body, which is then dried and fired. The form of the mass is produced by extrusion to form a rectangular hollow profile, which has the desired stone length. After firing, the profile is separated at opposite corners in the longitudinal direction, to form individual L-shaped profiles. Preferably, a cordierite-mullite ceramic is used. An Independent claim is included for a tunnel kiln car incorporating the blocks.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Fertigung von keramischen Formsteinen aus Feuerfestkeramik, die ein im wesentlichen L-förmiges Profil mit zwei unter einem Winkel von etwa 90° aneinandergrenzenden Schenkein aufweisen, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung einen Tunnelofen-Brennwagen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention relates to a method for the production of ceramic shaped stones Made of refractory ceramic, which has an essentially L-shaped profile with two have adjoining legs at an angle of approximately 90 °, according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates a tunnel kiln kiln car according to the preamble of claim 8.

Bekannte Tunnelofen-Brennwagen weisen ein Chassis auf, auf dem ein umlaufender Rand angebracht ist, der üblicherweise aus Feuerleichtsteinen aufgemauert wurde. Der Rand bildet mit dem Chassis einen Hohlraum aus, der in der Regel mit faserförmigem Isoliermaterial gefüllt und mit einer Abdeckung geschlossen wird. Da das Bestreben besteht, möglichst leichte Tunnelofen-Brennwagen herzustellen, ist der aufgemauerte Rand aus Feuerleichtsteinen bereits durch im Profil L-förmig abgewinkelte, im Vergleich zu den Feuerleichtsteinen verhältnismäßig dünnwandige Formsteine aus Feuerfestkeramik ersetzt worden, die je nach Bedarf zusätzlich noch Feuerleichtsteine tragen können. Diese keramischen Formsteine werden in Einzelformen im Schlickergießverfahren hergestellt und sind daher fertigungstechnisch aufwendig und entsprechend teuer. Eine günstigere Fertigung durch Extrudieren bzw. Strangpressen der Formsteinprofile war nicht möglich, da das L-förmige Profil mit den beiden unter etwa 90° aneinandergrenzenden Schenkeln, deren Dicke nur maximal 1/10 ihrer Lange betragt, nach dem Pressen keine ausreichende Stabilität für die weiteren Bearbeitungsschritte wie Ablängen, Transportieren, Trocknen und Brennen aufweist. Insbesondere die für Feuerfestkeramik notwendigen hohen Brenntemperaturen, die mit über 1300°C wesentlich über den Brenntemperaturen von Baukeramik, z.B. Ziegelmassen, liegen, führen zu teils erheblichen Deformationen während des Brandes, so daß sich die beiden Schenkel des Profils verbiegen oder gegeneinanderklappen würden, was die Profilform zerstört.Known tunnel kiln kiln cars have a chassis on which a circumferential edge is attached, which was usually bricked up from lightweight fire bricks. The edge forms a cavity with the chassis, which is usually filled with fibrous insulating material and closed with a cover. Since the aim is to produce tunnel kiln kiln cars that are as light as possible, the bricked-on edge made of light-weight bricks has already been replaced by L-shaped, relatively thin-walled shaped bricks made of refractory ceramics, which can also carry light-weight bricks as required. These ceramic shaped stones are produced in individual molds using the slip casting process and are therefore complex in terms of production technology and correspondingly expensive. A cheaper production by extrusion or extrusion of the shaped brick profiles has not been possible, because the L-shaped profile with the two below about 90 ° adjoining legs, the thickness of a maximum of only 1 / 10th of its length amounts to, other after pressing sufficient stability for the Processing steps such as cutting, transporting, drying and firing. In particular, the high firing temperatures required for refractory ceramics, which at 1300 ° C are significantly higher than the firing temperatures of building ceramics, e.g. brick masses, lead to considerable deformations during the fire, so that the two legs of the profile bend or fold against one another, which would cause the Profile shape destroyed.

Die Erfindung befaßt sich daher mit dem Problem, ein Verfahren zur Fertigung derartiger keramischer Formsteine anzugeben, das sowohl fertigungstechnisch als auch kostenmäßig günstiger die Herstellung stabiler, maßhaltiger dünnwandiger L-förmiger Formsteine aus Feuerfestkeramik ermöglicht.The invention is therefore concerned with the problem of a method for manufacturing to specify such ceramic shaped bricks, which is both manufacturing technology as well as cost-effective, the production of stable, dimensionally stable thin-walled L-shaped shaped blocks made of refractory ceramics.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this problem is solved by a method with the features of claim 1 solved.

Durch das gleichzeitige Extrudieren bzw. Strangpressen zweier zu einem rechteckigen Hohlprofil zusammengesetzten L-förmigen Profile, die nach dem Brand in Längsrichtung aufgetrennt und in zwei einzelne Formsteine geteilt werden, stabilisieren sich die Schenkel der Formsteine gegenseitig, so daß sie nach dem Pressen nicht ineinanderfallen sondern die rechteckige Form des Hohlprofils beibehalten. Außerdem können in einem Arbeitsgang immer jeweils zwei Formsteine hergestellt werden.By simultaneously extruding or extruding two into one rectangular hollow profile composite L-shaped profiles, according to the Fire separated in the longitudinal direction and divided into two individual shaped blocks become, the legs of the shaped stones mutually stabilize so that they after the pressing, they do not collapse but the rectangular shape of the Maintain hollow profile. In addition, you can always in one step two shaped stones are made.

Insbesondere für den Einsatz als Randsteine für Tunnelofen-Brennwagen empfiehlt es sich, die erfindungsgemäßen Formsteine aus einer Cordierit-Mullit-Keramik herzustellen, da diese besonders hohe Werte für Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit und mechanische Festigkeit aufweist. So nehmen die Steine im späteren Einsatz bei den Temperaturzyklen des Aufheizens und Abkühlens vor, während und nach dem Durchlaufen des Ofens keinen Schaden und können bei guter Stabilität möglichst dünnwandig und damit leicht ausgeführt sein.Especially for use as curbs for tunnel kiln kiln cars it is recommended that the shaped stones according to the invention made of a cordierite-mullite ceramic to produce, as these have particularly high values for resistance to temperature changes and has mechanical strength. So they take Stones in later use during the temperature cycles of heating and cooling no damage before, during and after passing through the furnace and, with good stability, can be made as thin-walled as possible and therefore light his.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und einem Ausführungsbeispiel, das im Folgenden beschrieben wird; es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Grundkörper beim Auspressen aus einem Preßwerkzeug,
Fig. 2
den Grundkörper aus Fig. 1 in einer Profilansicht,
Fig. 3
einen erfindungsgemäß gefertigten Formstein und
Fig. 4
einen mit derartigen Formsteinen bestückten Tunnelofen-Brennwagen.
Further advantages and details emerge from the subclaims and an exemplary embodiment which is described below; show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a base body when pressed from a press tool,
Fig. 2
1 in a profile view,
Fig. 3
a molded block made according to the invention and
Fig. 4
a tunnel kiln kiln equipped with such shaped stones.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Grundkörper 1 hat die Form eines rechteckigen Hohlprofils, das sich aus vier Schenkeln bzw. Wandungen 2 zusammensetzt, die jeweils in einem Winkel von 90° aneinandergrenzen. Der Grundkörper 1 wird in dieser Form aus einem entsprechend gestalteten Mundstück 3 einer nur schematisch angedeuteten Presse 4 herausgedrückt.The basic body 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the shape of a rectangular hollow profile, which is composed of four legs or walls 2, the adjoin each other at an angle of 90 °. The base body 1 is in this form from a correspondingly designed mouthpiece 3 only schematically indicated press 4 pushed out.

Wie in Fig. 2 durch entsprechend schraffierte Bereiche 5 angedeutet ist, wird der Grundkörper 1 nach dem Brand im Bereich zweier sich gegenüberliegender Ecken 6 in Längsrichtung 7 aufgetrennt, wodurch sich zwei einzelne der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Formsteine ergeben.As indicated in FIG. 2 by correspondingly hatched areas 5 the base body 1 after the fire in the area of two opposite one another Corners 6 separated in the longitudinal direction 7, whereby two individual ones in FIG. 3 shown shaped stones result.

Um den im wesentlichen unter einem Winkel von etwa 90° aneinandergrenzenden Schenkeln 2 der Formsteine besseren Halt und Winkelstabilität zueinander zu verleihen, wird im Bereich der nicht aufzutrennenden Ecken 8 beim Pressen mehr keramische Masse angelagert. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise in der in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Form, wobei jeweils zwei benachbarte Schenkel 2 im Bereich ihrer Ecken 8 durch zusätzliche Stützrippen 9 verbunden werden. Diese Ausführungsform ergibt eine hohe Stabilität bei nur geringfügig höherem Gewicht als ohne Stützrippen 9.Around the one bordering one another essentially at an angle of about 90 ° Legs 2 of the stones better grip and angular stability to each other to lend, in the area of the corners 8 which cannot be separated Presses more ceramic mass attached. This is preferably done in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 3, with two adjacent ones Leg 2 connected in the area of their corners 8 by additional support ribs 9 become. This embodiment gives a high stability with only slight heavier than without support ribs 9.

An den Trennbereichen 5 des Grundkörpers 1 können unmittelbar beim Pressen in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Trennmarkierungen eingebracht werden, die das spätere exakte Teilen des Grundkörpers 1 in zwei Formsteine erleichtern. Diese Trennmarkierungen können kerbenartig ausgebildet sein und in den Schenkeln 2 bereits eine Materialschwächung bilden, so daß weniger Material gesägt oder geschnitten werden muß.At the separation areas 5 of the base body 1 can directly during pressing Separation marks not shown in the drawing be the later exact division of the body 1 into two shaped blocks facilitate. These separating marks can be notch-shaped and already form a material weakening in the legs 2, so that less Material must be sawn or cut.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Tunnelofen-Brennwagen schematisch dargestellt, bei dem die auf einem Chassis 10 aufgesetzten Randsteine 11 mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt wurden. Sie bilden zusammen mit dem Chassis 10 einen Hohlraum 12 aus, der mit Isoliermaterial 13 gefüllt und durch eine Abdeckung 14 abgeschlossen ist. Ein solcher Tunnelofen-Brennwagen zeichnet sich durch besondere Stabilität bei geringem Gewicht aus. Bei Bedarf können die Randsteine 11 zusätzliche Aufnahmen für Feuerleichtsteine aufweisen.In Fig. 4, a tunnel kiln is shown schematically, in which the on a chassis 10 placed curbs 11 with the invention Processes were made. They form together with the chassis 10 a cavity 12 which is filled with insulating material 13 and through a cover 14 is complete. Such a tunnel kiln car draws stand out due to their particular stability and low weight. If necessary, you can the curbs have 11 additional receptacles for lightweight fire bricks.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur Fertigung von im Profil im wesentlichen L-förmigen mit zwei unter einem Winkel von etwa 90° aneinandergrenzenden Schenkeln (2) ausgebildeten keramischen Formsteinen, deren Schenkellänge mindestens das Zehnfache der Schenkeldicke beträgt, insbesondere von Randsteinen (11) für Tunnelofen-Brennwagen, wobei eine keramische Masse aus Feuerfestkeramik zu einem Grundkörper (1) geformt wird, der getrocknet und gebrannt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Formen der Masse durch Extrudieren bzw. Strangpressen in die Form eines im wesentlichen rechteckigen Hohlprofils erfolgt, das in der gewünschten Steinlänge abgelängt und nach dem Brand im Bereich zweier sich gegenüberliegender Ecken (6) in Längsrichtung (7) aufgetrennt und in einzelne Formsteine geteilt wird.Process for the production of substantially L-shaped ceramic shaped stones with two legs (2) adjoining each other at an angle of approximately 90 °, the length of the legs of which is at least ten times the thickness of the legs, in particular of curbs (11) for tunnel kiln kiln cars, whereby a ceramic mass made of refractory ceramics is formed into a base body (1) which is dried and fired, characterized in that the molding of the mass is carried out by extrusion or extrusion into the form of an essentially rectangular hollow profile which is cut to the desired length and after the fire in the area of two opposite corners (6) in the longitudinal direction (7) separated and divided into individual shaped blocks. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer Cordierit-Mullit-Keramik.A method according to claim 1, characterized by the use a cordierite-mullite ceramic. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der später nicht aufzutrennenden Ecken (8) des Grundkörpers (1) mehr keramische Masse als an den übrigen Schenkelbereichen des Grundkörpers (1) ausgepreßt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in Area of the corners (8) of the base body (1) which cannot be separated later more ceramic mass than on the other leg areas of the base body (1) is squeezed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Pressen jeweils zwei benachbarte Schenkel (2) des Grundkörpers (1) im Bereich der nicht aufzutrennenden Ecken (8) durch Stützrippen (9) zusätzlich verbunden und in ihrem Winkel zueinander fixiert werden.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the Press each two adjacent legs (2) of the base body (1) in Area of the corners (8) that cannot be separated by additional ribs (9) connected and fixed at an angle to each other. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Vereinfachung des Trennens des Grundkörpers (1) nach dem Brand beim Pressen entsprechende Trennmarkierungen eingebracht werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that to simplify the separation of the base body (1) after the Appropriate separating marks must be introduced in the event of a fire. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennmarkierungen durch kerbenartige Materialschwächungen der Schenkel (2) ausgebildet werden.A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the Separation marks due to notch-like material weakening of the legs (2) be trained. Tunnelofen-Brennwagen mit einem Bodenchassis (10), auf dem ein umlaufender Rand aus keramischen Formsteinen (11) aufgesetzt ist, die mit dem Chassis (10) einen mit Isoliermaterial (13) gefüllten und mit einer Abdeckung (14) nach oben abgeschlossenen Hohlraum (12) ausbilden, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von Formsteinen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.Tunnel kiln kiln with a floor chassis (10) on which a circumferential edge made of ceramic shaped stones (11) is placed with the chassis (10) one filled with insulating material (13) and with a cover (14) form cavity (12) closed at the top, characterized by using shaped stones according to one of claims 1 until 6.
EP00111217A 1999-06-07 2000-05-25 Process for making moulded bricks from refractory ceramic Withdrawn EP1065032A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19925719 1999-06-07
DE1999125719 DE19925719C2 (en) 1999-06-07 1999-06-07 Process for the production of ceramic shaped stones

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1065032A2 true EP1065032A2 (en) 2001-01-03
EP1065032A3 EP1065032A3 (en) 2003-01-08

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015011742A1 (en) 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Tunnel kiln car or carriage and method for its production and tunnel kiln with such a tunnel kiln car or carriage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007009484U1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2008-11-13 Hörl & Hartmann Ziegeltechnik GmbH & Co. KG Mantle stone for a fireplace, with at least one stabilized peripheral wall section

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2230309A (en) * 1938-06-04 1941-02-04 Gordon W Reed Ceramic product
DE922218C (en) * 1949-06-26 1955-01-10 Walter Hemmann Process for the production of roofing panels
DE3037027A1 (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-05-06 Baustoffwerke Minden-Ravensberg Gmbh, 4950 Minden U=shaped wall top ring beam form block - has upright arm not exceeding half wall thickness and base arm at 90 degrees to it
US4496501A (en) * 1981-12-22 1985-01-29 Wienerberger Baustoffindustrie Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the production of articles consisting of ceramic material

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2342875C3 (en) * 1973-04-16 1978-06-08 Max Dipl.-Ing. 8380 Landau Gerhaher Method and device for producing ceramic bodies

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2230309A (en) * 1938-06-04 1941-02-04 Gordon W Reed Ceramic product
DE922218C (en) * 1949-06-26 1955-01-10 Walter Hemmann Process for the production of roofing panels
DE3037027A1 (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-05-06 Baustoffwerke Minden-Ravensberg Gmbh, 4950 Minden U=shaped wall top ring beam form block - has upright arm not exceeding half wall thickness and base arm at 90 degrees to it
US4496501A (en) * 1981-12-22 1985-01-29 Wienerberger Baustoffindustrie Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the production of articles consisting of ceramic material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015011742A1 (en) 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Tunnel kiln car or carriage and method for its production and tunnel kiln with such a tunnel kiln car or carriage

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EP1065032A3 (en) 2003-01-08
DE19925719C2 (en) 2002-06-20
DE19925719A1 (en) 2001-01-11

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