EP1063366A1 - Reinforced construction material - Google Patents
Reinforced construction material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1063366A1 EP1063366A1 EP00401773A EP00401773A EP1063366A1 EP 1063366 A1 EP1063366 A1 EP 1063366A1 EP 00401773 A EP00401773 A EP 00401773A EP 00401773 A EP00401773 A EP 00401773A EP 1063366 A1 EP1063366 A1 EP 1063366A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- threads
- vinyl alcohol
- material according
- paste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001508691 Martes zibellina Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001125843 Trichiuridae Species 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/007—Addition polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reinforced building material. usable for the renovation or consolidation of civil engineering works such as galleries, tunnels and sewerage collectors.
- This reinforced material can also be used for the preparation of prefabricated parts intended for construction such as thin slabs or floating docks.
- the reinforced material of the invention is based on concrete or mortar.
- EP 51 101 proposes in particular the manufacture of concrete slabs having a reinforcement in the thickness of the slab made of glass fiber mesh fabric.
- DE 2,854,228 describes the reinforcement of concrete slabs with glass fiber mats.
- Metallic reinforcements for example steel, are known in the technique. Their development is however not desirable being given their tendency to oxidize and their poor maneuverability on site.
- Carbon fiber reinforcements have also been proposed.
- the materials reinforced by these reinforcements combine resistance high mechanical strength with excellent durability.
- the maneuverability of frames is optimal.
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a reinforced material to a mortar or concrete base that is both inexpensive, durable and has high mechanical resistance.
- the material used to reinforce the mortar, concrete, respectively is very easy to handle.
- the reinforced material of the invention is characterized in that the frame consists of a mesh network glued with threads chosen from threads of poly (vinyl alcohol), yarns of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and their mixtures, said network being produced by assembling glued wires.
- Particularly suitable vinyl alcohol copolymers are those resistant to bases, whether sequenced, alternated or statistical.
- said copolymer comprises more than 40 % by weight, preferably more than 50%, better still more than 80% by weight of motifs derived from vinyl alcohol.
- the copolymers which can be used according to the invention are obtained for example by copolymerization of a precursor of the unit (such as vinyl acetate) with different comonomers such as ⁇ -olefins, for example ethylene or propylene, or acrylic or methacrylic monomers, for example acrylic and methacrylic acids and their lower alkyl esters.
- a precursor of the unit such as vinyl acetate
- different comonomers such as ⁇ -olefins, for example ethylene or propylene
- acrylic or methacrylic monomers for example acrylic and methacrylic acids and their lower alkyl esters.
- lower alkyl is meant according to the invention C 1 -C 5 alkyl.
- vinyl alcohol copolymers mention may thus be made of ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymers and alcohol copolymers vinyl / methyl methacrylate.
- Poly (vinyl alcohol) or copolymer yarns are yarns monofilaments or multifilaments.
- the multifilament yarns are prepared so conventional, and for example by twisting, from monofilament yarns of poly (vinyl alcohol) or a copolymer of vinyl alcohol.
- the wire used generally comprises up to 2000, preferably up to 2500 filaments of (co) polymer.
- the yarns of polymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol are commonly available commercially.
- threads with varying grammage between 20 and 1000 tex (better still between 100 and 300 tex), and a density varying between 1.1 and 1.4 (better still between 1.25 and 1.35).
- wires having a Young's modulus between 1900 and 3250 kg / mm 2 or between 15N / tex and 25 N / tex.
- the wires have a tensile strength (as measured according to French, European and international standards: NF 5079, EN 5079 and ISO 5079) varying between 80 and 180 kg / mm 2 .
- the wires used have a elongation at break (as measured according to French standards, European and international: NF 5079, EN 5079 and ISO 5079) from 1 to 20%, better still from 3 to 13%, for example from 4 to 7%.
- Another preferred characteristic of the threads used according to the invention is a toughness of between 65 kg / mm 2 and 260 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.5 N / tex and 2 N / tex), preferably between 100 kg / mm 2 and 195 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.8 N / tex and 1.5 N / tex), for example between 120 kg / mm 2 and 195 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.9 N / tex and 1.5 N / tex).
- N / tex unit corresponds to ⁇ GPa where ⁇ is the density expressed in g / cm 3 of the wire concerned.
- the frame used in the context of the invention is presented under the shape of a mesh network of weft threads and warp threads.
- Weft threads and warp threads are respectively consisting of one or more threads chosen from poly (vinyl alcohol) threads and vinyl alcohol copolymer yarns.
- each chain wire consists of 2 to 10 wires selected from poly (vinyl alcohol) yarn and alcohol copolymer yarn vinyl, said 2 to 10 wires being advantageously arranged parallel and at flat so as to form a ribbon.
- each weft yarn consists of 2 to 10 threads chosen from poly (vinyl alcohol) threads and copolymer threads of vinyl alcohol, said 2 to 10 wires arranged parallel and flat being advantageously arranged parallel and flat so as to form a ribbon.
- the mesh network consists of a assembly of warp and weft threads, each warp thread being consisting of 2 to 10 threads of poly (vinyl alcohol) or alcohol copolymer mono- or multifilament vinyl as defined above, and each weft consisting of 2 to 10 son of poly (vinyl alcohol) or copolymer mono- or multifilament vinyl alcohol as defined above.
- the son of weft used are all identical to each other and the warp threads used are all identical to each other.
- the invention is not intended to be limited to a such an embodiment.
- the meshes formed by the woven network have any shape, for example square, rectangular or the shape of a diamond. For simplicity we prefers square and rectangular shapes.
- the opening of the meshes delimited by the woven network preferably varies between 1 mm 2 and 2500 mm 2 , preferably between 10 and 2500 mm 2 , for example between 10 and 200 mm 2 .
- the grammage of the woven network varies between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 20 and 300 g / m 2 , better still between 50 and 300 g / m 2 .
- the mesh network is obtained by gluing.
- the (co) polymer threads are previously sized, with a view to improve their sliding properties.
- Sizing is a technique classic in the textile field, which consists in surface treatment of the yarn so as to facilitate its handling in the knitting, weaving and gluing.
- the gluing technique involves coating the threads with a sizing material and the positioning of the wires in the weft directions and chain so as to constitute the desired mesh network, then a step of treatment ensuring the hardening of the sizing material, whereby the weft and warp threads are securely held within the mesh network.
- the hardening of the sizing material can be obtained by heating the mesh network to an appropriate temperature or by drying at ambient temperature. How to do this depends on the exact nature of the sizing material. Curing can be caused by crosslinking or other chemical reaction, or by evaporation of the water contained in the sizing material and coalescence.
- compositions adhesives such as latex type adhesive compositions or based on adhesive resins.
- Suitable compositions for sizing are in particular compositions based on styrene-butadiene polymers, polyurethane polymers, poly (vinyl alcohol), polyvinyl chloride and their mixtures. These compositions are preferably suspensions aqueous of said polymers (latex).
- preferred sizing material may include compositions based on adhesive resin, styrene-butadiene polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyvinyl chloride and their mixtures. Even more preferably, the compositions based on styrene-butadiene polymer.
- a better solidity of the mesh network is obtained by gluing.
- the frame based on (co) polymer of vinyl alcohol is embedded in the thickness of the reinforced building material according to the invention. Setting in place of the reinforcement in the thickness of the composite material takes place during the manufacture of said composite material, this placement possibly being carried out in situ on site.
- the exact location of the frame depends on the end use of the reinforced building material prepared and the type of constraints to which this material will be subjected.
- the frame must be placed so as to reinforce the most stressed area of the material.
- the composite material is concrete or mortar. More generally the composite material can be obtained by mixing an agent hardening to a filler comprising (i) a hardening cement type binder on contact with the curing agent and (ii) sand, gravel or possibly crushed aggregates.
- the nature of the curing agent depends on the nature of the cement used, as a binder. There are hydraulic binders chemical setting binders.
- cements with hydraulic setting are cement
- CPA Portland Artificial
- CPA PMES with setting - selenitous seawater
- CHF slag cements
- CLC ash slag cements
- CLK clinker slag cements
- a typical example of a suitable chemical setting cement includes about 10% by weight of silica fume and about 90% by weight of ash flying.
- the agent of hardening is water.
- the material composite is prepared from water and Portland hydraulic cement.
- the curing agent is a basic aqueous solution (the pH is usually around 14) of alkali metal silicate, for example potassium or sodium silicate.
- binder (i), sand, gravel and / or aggregates (ii) and curing agent are those generally used works in the technique for the preparation of concrete and mortar.
- the quantity of cement varies from 60 kg to 400 kg per tonne of load, preferably from 100 to 200 kg / t.
- the amount of water used as a hardening varies between 8 and 35% by weight relative to the total weight of the filler, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight.
- the agent hardening represents from 7 to 20% by weight, generally from 9 to 16% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture of the curing agent, the constituent (ii) and of said cement.
- the binder is generally present at from 200 to 300 kg per tonne of load.
- the charge can also comprise various adjuvants.
- the adjuvants which can be used according to the invention are those generally implemented in the art.
- water retention agents reducers of water, superfluidifiers, plasticizers and more generally agents improving rheology.
- plasticizers are fine silica (in particular of particle size less than 100 ⁇ m), the tripolyphosphates and the neopentylglycol.
- the adjuvants constitute from 4 to 10% by weight of the total mass of the load.
- the load comprises, in addition to the constituents (i) and (ii) above and any additives, reinforcing fibers which are fibers 0.1 to 500 mm long, preferably 1 to 50 mm long, chosen from glass fibers, metallic fibers or fibers organic.
- organic fibers are poly (alcohol vinyl), polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, fibers polyacrylonitrile, polyamide fibers, polyterephthalate fibers ethylene, cellulose acetate fibers or cellulose fibers.
- glass fibers are glass wool fibers and base-resistant glass textile fibers.
- Examples of metallic fibers are bare steel fibers or galvanized, cast iron fibers and brass fibers.
- Resistant alkali glass fibers and fibers are preferred.
- organic fibers chosen from polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyethylene, polypropylene fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyamide fibers, or polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
- the quantity and nature of the fibers to be added to the filler depends on the end use of the reinforced material. They depend in particular the type of tensile and bending stresses to which subject said material. When the building material has to undergo large tensile and bending stresses, it is desirable to use at least two types of additional short fibers in order to obtain the multi-cracking of said material at macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic and thus guarantee a minimum opening of all cracks.
- the amount of fiber added generally varies from 1 to 50 kg per ton of composite material, better still from 2 to 40 kg / t, for example from 2 to 30 kg / t.
- Sands, gravel and aggregates, possibly crushed, which can be used according to the invention are those usually used in the art.
- the sands are generally characterized by a grain size about 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the aggregates are characterized by a particle size of approximately 350 ⁇ m at 4 mm,
- Gravel is characterized by a grain size greater than 4 mm.
- the binder hardening is obtained in this case by contact with water, the amount of water preferably being between 11 and 18% by weight the total weight of the filler and the binder.
- the binder hardening is obtained in this case by contact with water, the amount of water preferably being between 10 to 20% by weight the total weight of the filler and the binder.
- the invention therefore relates to a product of coating for the renovation or consolidation of a building element comprising the reinforced material of the invention.
- the invention relates to a plate or molded material slab comprising the reinforced material of the invention.
- a preferred embodiment of these two methods consists in deposit the cement paste by projection using a projection means suitable, for example a Pitzmeister® type machine.
- Impregnation of the frameworks with the paste can be carried out mechanically or manually, for example by masking.
- the precise positioning of the reinforcements can be facilitated by use of specific spacers or spacers.
- the location of the reinforcement essentially depends on the type of stresses that the final work will have to bear.
- the curing agent is mixed with the filler mixing according to the usual techniques.
- the charge includes reinforcing fibers, these are incorporated dry or in a pasty medium.
- the fibers added are mineral fibers (such as glass fibers), these are preferably incorporated into the cement paste at the end of mixing.
- a reinforcement (mesh network) is prepared by gluing from a poly (vinyl alcohol) wire of 200 tex (200 g / 1000 m) and a density of 1.3 g / cm 3 having a tenacity of 0.98 N / tex ( ⁇ 127 kg / mm 2 ), an elongation at break of 6.6 to 6.7%, a tensile strength of 132 kg / mm 2 , and a Young's modulus 20.3 N / tex ( ⁇ 2630 kg / mm 2 ).
- the sizing material is a latex of styrene / butadiene polymer.
- the mesh network of this frame is characterized by a mesh opening of 8 x 8 mm 2 , a grammage of 40 g / m 2 in warp and 40 g / m 2 in weft.
- a mortar paste is then prepared by mixing in a mixer of a dry mortar ready for use with water, in a ratio 0.18 water / mortar weight.
- the dough or the grids are then impregnated with masking, then we fill the mold with a second layer of dough, the same quantity of dough being used in each case (reference example and examples with 1 or 2 grids).
- test used is the 4-point bending test in accordance with the European standard for EN 1170-5.
- test pieces tested (20 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm) are immersed in water for 24 hours.
- the sizing material used is a latex of styrene-butadiene polymers.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un matériau renforcé de construction utilisable pour la rénovation ou la consolidation d'ouvrages du Génie Civil tels que les galeries, tunnels et collecteurs d'assainissement. Ce matériau renforcé est également utilisable pour la préparation de pièces préfabriquées destinées à la construction telles que des dalles minces ou quais flottants.The invention relates to a reinforced building material. usable for the renovation or consolidation of civil engineering works such as galleries, tunnels and sewerage collectors. This reinforced material can also be used for the preparation of prefabricated parts intended for construction such as thin slabs or floating docks.
Le matériau renforcé de l'invention est à base de béton ou de mortier.The reinforced material of the invention is based on concrete or mortar.
Dans le domaine de la construction, des matériaux à résistance mécanique élevée en particulier en flexion traction et résistant à la fissuration, sont nécessaires. C'est la raison pour laquelle des bétons et mortiers armés sont apparus dans la technique. EP 51 101 propose notamment la fabrication de plaques de béton présentant dans l'épaisseur de la plaque une armature constituée d'un tissu à mailles en fibres de verre. De même, DE 2 854 228 décrit le renforcement de plaques de béton avec des mats de fibres de verre.In the field of construction, resistance materials high mechanical strength in particular in flexural strength and resistant to cracking, are necessary. This is the reason why reinforced concrete and mortars appeared in the art. EP 51 101 proposes in particular the manufacture of concrete slabs having a reinforcement in the thickness of the slab made of glass fiber mesh fabric. Likewise, DE 2,854,228 describes the reinforcement of concrete slabs with glass fiber mats.
Ces techniques ne sont cependant pas pleinement satisfaisantes : la fabrication des bétons et mortiers étant réalisée en milieu fortement alcalin, elle nécessite l'utilisation de matériaux très résistant aux bases. En effet, dans le cas des composites armées par des fibres de verre à matrice de ciment de Portland non modifiée, on assiste, en cours de vieillissement, à une perte de ductilité du matériau suite à une augmentation excessive de l'adhérence entre les fibres et la matrice non modifiée riche en chaux (Ca(OH)2).However, these techniques are not fully satisfactory: the manufacture of concrete and mortar being carried out in a strongly alkaline medium, it requires the use of materials very resistant to bases. Indeed, in the case of composites reinforced by glass fibers with an unmodified Portland cement matrix, there is, during aging, a loss of ductility of the material following an excessive increase in the adhesion between the fibers. and the unmodified lime-rich matrix (Ca (OH) 2 ).
Des armatures métalliques, par exemple en acier sont connues dans la technique. Leur développement n'est cependant pas souhaitable étant donné leur tendance à l'oxydation et leur faible maniabilité sur chantier.Metallic reinforcements, for example steel, are known in the technique. Their development is however not desirable being given their tendency to oxidize and their poor maneuverability on site.
Des armatures à base de fibres de carbone ont également été proposées. Les matériaux renforcés par ces armatures allient une résistance mécanique élevée à une durabilité excellente. Par ailleurs, la maniabilité des armatures est optimale. Carbon fiber reinforcements have also been proposed. The materials reinforced by these reinforcements combine resistance high mechanical strength with excellent durability. In addition, the maneuverability of frames is optimal.
L'inconvénient majeur de ces matériaux est leur prix de revient exagéré. Le coût élevé des fibres de carbone limite ainsi l'utilisation de ces matériaux.The major drawback of these materials is their cost price. exaggerated. The high cost of carbon fibers thus limits the use of these materials.
La présente invention vise donc à fournir un matériau renforcé à base de mortier ou béton qui soit à la fois bon marché, durable et qui présente une résistance mécanique élevée.The present invention therefore aims to provide a reinforced material to a mortar or concrete base that is both inexpensive, durable and has high mechanical resistance.
Selon l'invention, le matériau utilisé pour renforcer le mortier, respectivement le béton, est d'une grande maniabilité.According to the invention, the material used to reinforce the mortar, concrete, respectively, is very easy to handle.
L'invention concerne plus précisément un matériau renforcé pour
la rénovation ou la construction, constitué d'une armature noyée dans
l'épaisseur d'un matériau composite, ledit matériau composite pouvant être
obtenu par mélange d'un agent de durcissement à une charge comprenant :
Le matériau renforcé de l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'armature est constituée d'un réseau maillé encollé de fils choisis parmi des fils de poly(alcool vinylique), des fils d'un copolymère d'alcool vinylique et de leurs mélanges, ledit réseau étant produit par assemblage de fils encollés.The reinforced material of the invention is characterized in that the frame consists of a mesh network glued with threads chosen from threads of poly (vinyl alcohol), yarns of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and their mixtures, said network being produced by assembling glued wires.
Des copolymères d'alcool vinylique particulièrement appropriés sont ceux résistant aux bases, qu'ils soient séquencés, alternés ou statistiques.Particularly suitable vinyl alcohol copolymers are those resistant to bases, whether sequenced, alternated or statistical.
De manière avantageuse, ledit copolymère comprend plus de 40 % en poids, préférablement plus de 50 %, mieux encore plus de 80 % en poids de motifs dérivés d'alcool vinylique.Advantageously, said copolymer comprises more than 40 % by weight, preferably more than 50%, better still more than 80% by weight of motifs derived from vinyl alcohol.
Par motif dérivé d'alcool vinylique, on entend le motif lequel correspond à la formule de l'alcool vinylique sinon que la double liaison est engagée dans la liaison aux autres monomères. By motif derived from vinyl alcohol, is meant the motif which corresponds to the formula of vinyl alcohol except that the double bond is engaged in the bond to the other monomers.
Les copolymères utilisables selon l'invention sont obtenus par
exemple par copolymérisation d'un précurseur du motif
(tel que
l'acétate de vinyle) avec différents comonomères tels que les α-oléfines, par
exemple l'éthylène ou le propylène, ou les monomères acryliques ou
méthacryliques, par exemple les acides acryliques et méthacryliques et leurs
esters alkyliques inférieurs. Par alkyle inférieur, on entend selon l'invention les
alkyle en C1-C5. Puis, le motif
est généré par simple transformation
chimique.
Par exemple, lorsque la copolymérisation a été effectuée à partir d'acétate de
vinyle, alors la transformation a lieu par hydrolyse de la fonction acétate ou
saponification.The copolymers which can be used according to the invention are obtained for example by copolymerization of a precursor of the unit (such as vinyl acetate) with different comonomers such as α-olefins, for example ethylene or propylene, or acrylic or methacrylic monomers, for example acrylic and methacrylic acids and their lower alkyl esters. By lower alkyl is meant according to the invention C 1 -C 5 alkyl. Then the pattern is generated by simple chemical transformation.
For example, when the copolymerization was carried out from vinyl acetate, then the transformation takes place by hydrolysis of the acetate function or saponification.
A titre de copolymères d'alcool vinylique, on peut ainsi citer les copolymères éthylène/alcool vinylique et les copolymères alcool vinylique/méthacrylate de méthyle.As vinyl alcohol copolymers, mention may thus be made of ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymers and alcohol copolymers vinyl / methyl methacrylate.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, on sélectionne pour la fabrication de l'armature des fils de poly(alcool vinylique).According to a particularly preferred embodiment, selects for the manufacture of the reinforcement of poly (vinyl alcohol) wires.
Les fils de poly(alcool vinylique) ou de copolymère sont des fils monofilaments ou multifilaments. Les fils multifilaments sont préparés de façon conventionnelle, et par exemple par torsion, à partir de fils monofilaments de poly(alcool vinylique) ou d'un copolymère d'alcool vinylique.Poly (vinyl alcohol) or copolymer yarns are yarns monofilaments or multifilaments. The multifilament yarns are prepared so conventional, and for example by twisting, from monofilament yarns of poly (vinyl alcohol) or a copolymer of vinyl alcohol.
Le fil utilisé comprend généralement jusqu'à 2000, de préférence jusqu'à 2500 filaments de (co)polymère.The wire used generally comprises up to 2000, preferably up to 2500 filaments of (co) polymer.
Les fils de polymère ou copolymère d'alcool vinylique sont couramment disponibles dans le commerce.The yarns of polymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol are commonly available commercially.
Il est préférable d'utiliser des fils présentant un grammage variant entre 20 et 1 000 tex (mieux encore entre 100 et 300 tex), et une densité variant entre 1,1 et 1,4 (mieux encore entre 1,25 et 1,35).It is preferable to use threads with varying grammage between 20 and 1000 tex (better still between 100 and 300 tex), and a density varying between 1.1 and 1.4 (better still between 1.25 and 1.35).
De façon générale, on optera pour des fils présentant un module d'Young compris entre 1900 et 3250 kg/mm2 ou bien entre 15N/tex et 25 N/tex. In general, we will opt for wires having a Young's modulus between 1900 and 3250 kg / mm 2 or between 15N / tex and 25 N / tex.
De préférence encore, les fils présentent une résistance à la traction (telle que mesurée selon les normes française, européenne et internationale : NF 5079, EN 5079 et ISO 5079) variant entre 80 et 180 kg/mm2.More preferably, the wires have a tensile strength (as measured according to French, European and international standards: NF 5079, EN 5079 and ISO 5079) varying between 80 and 180 kg / mm 2 .
De même, on préfère que les fils utilisés présentent un allongement à la rupture (tel que mesuré selon les normes française, européenne et internationale : NF 5079, EN 5079 et ISO 5079) de 1 à 20%, mieux encore de 3 à 13%, par exemple de 4 à 7%.Likewise, it is preferred that the wires used have a elongation at break (as measured according to French standards, European and international: NF 5079, EN 5079 and ISO 5079) from 1 to 20%, better still from 3 to 13%, for example from 4 to 7%.
Une autre caractéristique préférée des fils utilisés selon l'invention est une ténacité comprise entre 65 kg/mm2 et 260 kg/mm2 (ou bien entre 0,5 N/tex et 2 N/tex), de préférence entre 100 kg/mm2 et 195 kg/mm2 (ou bien entre 0,8 N/tex et 1,5 N/tex), par exemple entre 120 kg/mm2 et 195 kg/mm2 (ou bien entre 0,9 N/tex et 1,5 N/tex).Another preferred characteristic of the threads used according to the invention is a toughness of between 65 kg / mm 2 and 260 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.5 N / tex and 2 N / tex), preferably between 100 kg / mm 2 and 195 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.8 N / tex and 1.5 N / tex), for example between 120 kg / mm 2 and 195 kg / mm 2 (or between 0.9 N / tex and 1.5 N / tex).
On notera qu'une unité N/tex correspond à ρGPa où ρ est la masse volumique exprimée en g/cm3 du fil concerné.It will be noted that an N / tex unit corresponds to ρGPa where ρ is the density expressed in g / cm 3 of the wire concerned.
L'armature utilisée dans le cadre de l'invention se présente sous la forme d'un réseau maillé de fils de trame et de fils de chaíne.The frame used in the context of the invention is presented under the shape of a mesh network of weft threads and warp threads.
Les fils de trame et les fils de chaíne sont respectivement constitués d'un ou plusieurs fils choisis parmi des fils de poly(alcool vinylique) et des fils de copolymère d'alcool vinylique.Weft threads and warp threads are respectively consisting of one or more threads chosen from poly (vinyl alcohol) threads and vinyl alcohol copolymer yarns.
De préférence, chaque fil de chaíne est constitué de 2 à 10 fils choisis parmi des fils de poly(alcool vinylique) et des fils de copolymère d'alcool vinylique, lesdits 2 à 10 fils étant avantageusement disposés parallèlement et à plat de façon à former un ruban.Preferably, each chain wire consists of 2 to 10 wires selected from poly (vinyl alcohol) yarn and alcohol copolymer yarn vinyl, said 2 to 10 wires being advantageously arranged parallel and at flat so as to form a ribbon.
De même, on préfère que chaque fil de trame soit constitué de 2 à 10 fils choisis parmi des fils de poly(alcool vinylique) et des fils de copolymère d'alcool vinylique, lesdits 2 à 10 fils disposés parallèlement et à plat étant avantageusement disposés parallèlement et à plat de façon à former un ruban.Similarly, it is preferred that each weft yarn consists of 2 to 10 threads chosen from poly (vinyl alcohol) threads and copolymer threads of vinyl alcohol, said 2 to 10 wires arranged parallel and flat being advantageously arranged parallel and flat so as to form a ribbon.
Ainsi, de manière préférée, le réseau maillé est constitué d'un assemblage de fils de chaíne et de fils de trame, chaque fil de chaíne étant constitué de 2 à 10 fils de poly(alcool vinylique) ou de copolymère d'alcool vinylique mono- ou multifilaments tels que définis ci-dessus, et chaque fil de trame étant constitué de 2 à 10 fils de poly(alcool vinylique) ou de copolymère d'alcool vinylique mono- ou multifilaments tels que définis ci-dessus.Thus, preferably, the mesh network consists of a assembly of warp and weft threads, each warp thread being consisting of 2 to 10 threads of poly (vinyl alcohol) or alcohol copolymer mono- or multifilament vinyl as defined above, and each weft consisting of 2 to 10 son of poly (vinyl alcohol) or copolymer mono- or multifilament vinyl alcohol as defined above.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention les fils de trame utilisés sont tous identiques entre eux et les fils de chaínes utilisés sont tous identiques entre eux. Néanmoins, l'invention n'entend pas se limiter à un tel mode de réalisation.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the son of weft used are all identical to each other and the warp threads used are all identical to each other. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to a such an embodiment.
Ainsi, l'invention entend couvrir les matériaux renforcés par des armatures constituées :
- exclusivement de fils de poly(alcool vinylique),
- exclusivement de fils de copolymères d'alcool vinylique, et
- d'un mélange de fils de poly(alcool vinylique) et de fils de copolymères d'alcool vinylique.
- exclusively poly (vinyl alcohol) yarn,
- exclusively of vinyl alcohol copolymer yarns, and
- of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol threads and of vinyl alcohol copolymer threads.
Les mailles formées par le réseau tissé ont une forme quelconque, par exemple carrée, rectangulaire ou la forme d'un losange. Par simplicité on préfère les formes carrées et rectangulaires.The meshes formed by the woven network have any shape, for example square, rectangular or the shape of a diamond. For simplicity we prefers square and rectangular shapes.
L'ouverture des mailles délimitées par le réseau tissé varie préférablement entre 1 mm2 et 2500 mm2, de préférence entre 10 et 2500 mm2, par exemple entre 10 et 200 mm2.The opening of the meshes delimited by the woven network preferably varies between 1 mm 2 and 2500 mm 2 , preferably between 10 and 2500 mm 2 , for example between 10 and 200 mm 2 .
Généralement, le grammage du réseau tissé varie entre 20 et 500 g/m2, de préférence entre 20 et 300 g/m2, mieux encore entre 50 et 300 g/m2.Generally, the grammage of the woven network varies between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 20 and 300 g / m 2 , better still between 50 and 300 g / m 2 .
Le réseau maillé est obtenu par encollage.The mesh network is obtained by gluing.
Les fils de (co)polymère sont préalablement ensimés, en vue d'améliorer leurs propriétés de glissement. L'ensimage est une technique classique dans le domaine du textile, qui consiste à traiter en surface le fil de façon à faciliter sa manipulation dans les procédés de tricotage, de tissage et d'encollage.The (co) polymer threads are previously sized, with a view to improve their sliding properties. Sizing is a technique classic in the textile field, which consists in surface treatment of the yarn so as to facilitate its handling in the knitting, weaving and gluing.
La technique d'encollage implique l'enduction des fils par une matière d'encollage et le positionnement des fils dans les directions de trame et de chaíne de façon à constituer le réseau maillé souhaité, puis une étape de traitement assurant le durcissement de la matière d'encollage, ce par quoi les fils de trame et de chaíne sont solidement maintenus au sein du réseau maillé. The gluing technique involves coating the threads with a sizing material and the positioning of the wires in the weft directions and chain so as to constitute the desired mesh network, then a step of treatment ensuring the hardening of the sizing material, whereby the weft and warp threads are securely held within the mesh network.
Le durcissement de la matière d'encollage peut être obtenu par chauffage du réseau maillé à une température appropriée ou par séchage à température ambiante. La façon de procéder dépend de la nature exacte de la matière d'encollage. Le durcissement peut être provoqué par réticulation ou autre réaction chimique, ou bien par évaporation de l'eau contenue dans la matière d'encollage et coalescence.The hardening of the sizing material can be obtained by heating the mesh network to an appropriate temperature or by drying at ambient temperature. How to do this depends on the exact nature of the sizing material. Curing can be caused by crosslinking or other chemical reaction, or by evaporation of the water contained in the sizing material and coalescence.
Des exemples de matière d'encollage sont les compositions adhésives telles que les compositions adhésives de type latex ou à base de résines adhésives. Des compositions appropriées pour l'encollage sont notamment des compositions à base de polymères de styrène-butadiène, polymères de polyuréthane, poly(alcool vinylique), polychlorure de vinyle et leurs mélanges. Ces compositions sont de préférence des suspensions aqueuses desdits polymères (latex). A titre de matière d'encollage préférée, on peut citer les compositions à base de résine adhésive, de polymères styrène-butadiène, de polymères de polyuréthane, de polychlorure de vinyle et leurs mélanges. Plus préférablement encore, on choisira les compositions à base de polymère de styrène-butadiène.Examples of sizing material are the compositions adhesives such as latex type adhesive compositions or based on adhesive resins. Suitable compositions for sizing are in particular compositions based on styrene-butadiene polymers, polyurethane polymers, poly (vinyl alcohol), polyvinyl chloride and their mixtures. These compositions are preferably suspensions aqueous of said polymers (latex). As preferred sizing material, may include compositions based on adhesive resin, styrene-butadiene polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyvinyl chloride and their mixtures. Even more preferably, the compositions based on styrene-butadiene polymer.
On obtient une meilleure solidité du réseau maillé par encollage.A better solidity of the mesh network is obtained by gluing.
L'armature à base de (co)polymère d'alcool vinylique est noyée dans l'épaisseur du matériau renforcé de construction selon l'invention. La mise en place de l'armature dans l'épaisseur du matériau composite a lieu lors de la fabrication dudit matériau composite, cette mise en place étant éventuellement réalisée in situ sur chantier. L'emplacement exact de l'armature dépend de l'utilisation finale du matériau renforcé de construction préparé et du type de contraintes auxquelles sera soumis ce matériau. L'armature doit être placée de façon à renforcer la zone la plus sollicitée du matériau.The frame based on (co) polymer of vinyl alcohol is embedded in the thickness of the reinforced building material according to the invention. Setting in place of the reinforcement in the thickness of the composite material takes place during the manufacture of said composite material, this placement possibly being carried out in situ on site. The exact location of the frame depends on the end use of the reinforced building material prepared and the type of constraints to which this material will be subjected. The frame must be placed so as to reinforce the most stressed area of the material.
Le matériau composite est un béton ou mortier. Plus généralement le matériau composite peut être obtenu par mélange d'un agent de durcissement à une charge comprenant (i) un liant de type ciment durcissant au contact de l'agent de durcissement et (ii) du sable, du gravier ou des granulats éventuellement broyés. The composite material is concrete or mortar. More generally the composite material can be obtained by mixing an agent hardening to a filler comprising (i) a hardening cement type binder on contact with the curing agent and (ii) sand, gravel or possibly crushed aggregates.
La nature de l'agent de durcissement dépend de la nature du ciment utilisé, à titre de liant. On distingue les liants à prise hydraulique des liants à prise chimique.The nature of the curing agent depends on the nature of the cement used, as a binder. There are hydraulic binders chemical setting binders.
Des exemples de ciments à prise hydraulique sont le cimentExamples of cements with hydraulic setting are cement
Portland Artificiel (CPA), les ciments CPA résistant aux sulfates ou ciments CPA PMES (à prise - eau de mer séléniteuse), les ciments de laitier (CHF), les ciments de laitier aux cendres (CLC), les ciments de laitier au Clinker (CLK), ou les ciments alumineux.Portland Artificial (CPA), sulfate-resistant CPA cements or cements CPA PMES (with setting - selenitous seawater), slag cements (CHF), ash slag cements (CLC), clinker slag cements (CLK), or aluminous cements.
La désignation de ces ciments est conforme à la norme européenne prEN 197.1 (1998) ou à la norme française NF P 15-301.The designation of these cements conforms to the standard European prEN 197.1 (1998) or to French standard NF P 15-301.
A titre de ciment à prise chimique, on peut citer par ailleurs les ciments de type aluminosilicate et les ciments à base de fumée de silice et de cendres volantes.Mention may also be made, as cement with chemical setting, of aluminosilicate cements and cements based on silica fume and fly ash.
Un exemple type de ciment à prise chimique approprié comprend environ 10% en poids de fumée de silice et environ 90% en poids de cendres volantes.A typical example of a suitable chemical setting cement includes about 10% by weight of silica fume and about 90% by weight of ash flying.
Dans le cas des ciments à prise hydraulique, l'agent de durcissement est l'eau.In the case of cements with hydraulic setting, the agent of hardening is water.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le matériau composite est préparé à partir d'eau et de ciment hydraulique Portland.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material composite is prepared from water and Portland hydraulic cement.
Dans le cas des ciments à prise chimique, l'agent de durcissement est une solution aqueuse basique (dont le pH est généralement d'environ 14) de silicate de métal alcalin, par exemple de silicate de potassium ou de sodium.In the case of chemically set cements, the curing agent is a basic aqueous solution (the pH is usually around 14) of alkali metal silicate, for example potassium or sodium silicate.
Les proportions respectives de liant (i), de sable, gravier et/ou granulats (ii) et d'agent de durcissement sont celles généralement mises en oeuvre dans la technique pour la préparation des bétons et mortiers.The respective proportions of binder (i), sand, gravel and / or aggregates (ii) and curing agent are those generally used works in the technique for the preparation of concrete and mortar.
A titre d'exemple, dans le cas d'un ciment à prise hydraulique, la quantité de ciment varie de 60 kg à 400 kg par tonne de charge, de préférence de 100 à 200 kg/t. Dans ce cas, la quantité d'eau utilisée à titre d'agent de durcissement varie entre 8 et 35 % en poids par rapport au poids total de la charge, de préférence de 10 à 25 % en poids. For example, in the case of a cement with hydraulic setting, the quantity of cement varies from 60 kg to 400 kg per tonne of load, preferably from 100 to 200 kg / t. In this case, the amount of water used as a hardening varies between 8 and 35% by weight relative to the total weight of the filler, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight.
A titre indicatif, dans le cas d'un ciment à prise chimique, l'agent de durcissement représente de 7 à 20 % en poids, généralement de 9 à 16 % en poids par rapport au poids total du mélange de l'agent de durcissement, du constituant (ii) et dudit ciment. Dans ce cas, le liant est généralement présent à raison de 200 à 300 kg par tonne de charge.As an indication, in the case of a cement with chemical setting, the agent hardening represents from 7 to 20% by weight, generally from 9 to 16% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture of the curing agent, the constituent (ii) and of said cement. In this case, the binder is generally present at from 200 to 300 kg per tonne of load.
Selon l'invention, la charge peut comprendre en outre divers adjuvants. Les adjuvants utilisables selon l'invention sont ceux généralement mis en oeuvre dans la technique.According to the invention, the charge can also comprise various adjuvants. The adjuvants which can be used according to the invention are those generally implemented in the art.
Parmi ceux-ci, on compte les rétenteurs d'eau, les réducteurs d'eau, les superfluidifiants, les plastifiants et plus généralement les agents améliorant la rhéologie.Among these are water retention agents, reducers of water, superfluidifiers, plasticizers and more generally agents improving rheology.
Des exemples d'adjuvants plastifiants sont la silice fine (notamment de granulométrie inférieure à 100 µm), les tripolyphosphates et le néopentylglycol.Examples of plasticizers are fine silica (in particular of particle size less than 100 μm), the tripolyphosphates and the neopentylglycol.
De manière préférée, les adjuvants constituent de 4 à 10% en poids de la masse totale de la charge.Preferably, the adjuvants constitute from 4 to 10% by weight of the total mass of the load.
De façon avantageuse, la charge comprend, en plus des constituants (i) et (ii) ci-dessus et des éventuels adjuvants, des fibres de renfort qui sont des fibres de 0,1 à 500 mm de long, de préférence de 1 à 50 mm de long, choisies parmi des fibres de verre, des fibres métalliques ou des fibres organiques.Advantageously, the load comprises, in addition to the constituents (i) and (ii) above and any additives, reinforcing fibers which are fibers 0.1 to 500 mm long, preferably 1 to 50 mm long, chosen from glass fibers, metallic fibers or fibers organic.
Des exemples de fibres organiques sont les fibres de poly(alcool vinylique), des fibres de polyéthylène, des fibres de polypropylène, des fibres de polyacrylonitrile, des fibres de polyamide, des fibres de polytéréphtalate d'éthylène, des fibres d'acétate de cellulose ou des fibres de cellulose.Examples of organic fibers are poly (alcohol vinyl), polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, fibers polyacrylonitrile, polyamide fibers, polyterephthalate fibers ethylene, cellulose acetate fibers or cellulose fibers.
Des exemples de fibres de verre sont les fibres de laine de verre et les fibres de textile de verre résistant aux bases.Examples of glass fibers are glass wool fibers and base-resistant glass textile fibers.
Des exemples de fibres métalliques sont les fibres d'acier nu ou galvanisé, les fibres de fonte et les fibres de laiton.Examples of metallic fibers are bare steel fibers or galvanized, cast iron fibers and brass fibers.
On préfère les fibres de verre alcali résistantes et les fibres organiques choisies parmi les fibres de poly(alcool vinylique), les fibres de polyéthylène, les fibres de polypropylène, les fibres de polyacrylonitrile, les fibres de polyamide, ou les fibres de polytéréphtalate d'éthylène.Resistant alkali glass fibers and fibers are preferred. organic fibers chosen from polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyethylene, polypropylene fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyamide fibers, or polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, il est possible d'ajouter à la charge un, deux ou plusieurs types de fibres de renfort.In the context of the invention, it is possible to add to the charge one, two or more types of reinforcing fibers.
La quantité et la nature des fibres devant être ajoutées à la charge est fonction de l'utilisation finale du matériau renforcé. Elles dépendent notamment du type de sollicitations de traction et de flexion auxquelles sera soumis ledit matériau. Lorsque le matériau de construction doit subir d'importantes sollicitations de traction et de flexion, il est souhaitable de recourir à au moins deux types de fibres courtes additionnelles afin d'obtenir la multifissuration dudit matériau aux échelles macroscopiques, mésoscopiques et microscopiques et de garantir ainsi une ouverture minimale de toutes les fissures.The quantity and nature of the fibers to be added to the filler depends on the end use of the reinforced material. They depend in particular the type of tensile and bending stresses to which subject said material. When the building material has to undergo large tensile and bending stresses, it is desirable to use at least two types of additional short fibers in order to obtain the multi-cracking of said material at macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic and thus guarantee a minimum opening of all cracks.
La quantité de fibres ajoutées varie généralement de 1 à 50 kg par tonne de matériau composite, mieux encore de 2 à 40 kg/t, par exemple de 2 à 30 kg/t.The amount of fiber added generally varies from 1 to 50 kg per ton of composite material, better still from 2 to 40 kg / t, for example from 2 to 30 kg / t.
Les sables, graviers et granulats éventuellement broyés utilisables selon l'invention sont ceux habituellement utilisés dans la technique.Sands, gravel and aggregates, possibly crushed, which can be used according to the invention are those usually used in the art.
Les sables se caractérisent généralement par une granulométrie d'environ 100 à 400 µm.The sands are generally characterized by a grain size about 100 to 400 µm.
Les granulats se caractérisent par une granulométrie d'environ 350 µm à 4 mm,The aggregates are characterized by a particle size of approximately 350 µm at 4 mm,
Les graviers se caractérisent par une granulométrie supérieure à 4 mm.Gravel is characterized by a grain size greater than 4 mm.
A titre de granulats broyés, on connaít les fillers dont la granulométrie est inférieure à 100 µm.As crushed aggregates, we know the fillers whose particle size is less than 100 µm.
La nature de la charge et celle du liant dépendent de l'application envisagée. Lorsqu'il s'agit de préparer un matériau destiné à la rénovation (ou réparation) et au confortement, on optera par exemple pour un liant de type ciment à prise hydraulique et une charge constituée de fumée de silice, de fillers calcaires, de sables silicieux, d'adjuvants divers et de fibres dans les proportions suivantes :
- fumée de silice : 10 à 30 ‰ ;
- fillers calcaires : 20 à 40 ‰ ;
- sables silicieux : 500 à 700 ‰ ;
- adjuvants + fibres : 10 à 50 ‰ ; et
- liant : 100 à 350 ‰,
- silica smoke: 10 to 30 ‰;
- limestone fillers: 20 to 40 ‰;
- silica sands: 500 to 700 ‰;
- adjuvants + fibers: 10 to 50 ‰; and
- binder: 100 to 350 ‰,
Le durcissement de liant est obtenu en ce cas par contact avec de l'eau, la quantité d'eau étant préférablement comprise entre 11 et 18% en poids du poids total de la charge et du liant.The binder hardening is obtained in this case by contact with water, the amount of water preferably being between 11 and 18% by weight the total weight of the filler and the binder.
Dans le but de préparer un matériau destiné à la préfabrication, on optera pour un liant de type ciment à prise hydraulique et une charge constituée de fillers calcaires, de sables, de granulats, d'adjuvants divers et de pigments dans les proportions suivantes :
- fillers calcaires ou silicieux : 30 à 100 ‰ ;
- sables, granulats ou graviers silicieux ou silicocalcaires (d'une granulométrie de 1 à 50 mm) : 400 à 600 ‰ ;
- adjuvants divers : 10 à 30 ‰ ;
- pigments : 5 à 15 ‰ ; et
- liant : 150 à 450 ‰,
- limestone or siliceous fillers: 30 to 100 ‰;
- sands, aggregates or gravel, siliceous or silica-limestone (with a particle size of 1 to 50 mm): 400 to 600 ‰;
- various additives: 10 to 30 ‰;
- pigments: 5 to 15 ‰; and
- binder: 150 to 450 ‰,
Le durcissement de liant est obtenu en ce cas par contact avec de l'eau, la quantité d'eau étant préférablement comprise entre 10 à 20% en poids du poids total de la charge et du liant.The binder hardening is obtained in this case by contact with water, the amount of water preferably being between 10 to 20% by weight the total weight of the filler and the binder.
Le procédé utilisé pour la préparation du matériau renforcé de construction de l'invention dépend de l'application envisagée.The process used for the preparation of the reinforced material construction of the invention depends on the envisaged application.
A titre d'exemple, on illustre ci-dessous :
- la préparation de produits de revêtement pour la rénovation ou la consolidation d'éléments de construction ; et
- la préparation de plaques et de dalles en matière moulée ; comprenant les matériaux renforcés de l'invention.
- the preparation of coating products for the renovation or consolidation of building elements; and
- the preparation of molded plates and slabs; comprising the reinforced materials of the invention.
Selon l'un de ses aspects, l'invention concerne donc un produit de revêtement pour la rénovation ou la consolidation d'un élément de construction comprenant le matériau renforcé de l'invention.According to one of its aspects, the invention therefore relates to a product of coating for the renovation or consolidation of a building element comprising the reinforced material of the invention.
Selon un autre de ses aspects, l'invention concerne une plaque ou dalle en matière moulée comprenant le matériau renforcé de l'invention.According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a plate or molded material slab comprising the reinforced material of the invention.
Les procédés de préparation de ces produits forment un autre objet de l'invention.The processes for preparing these products form another subject of the invention.
Les produits de revêtement de l'invention peuvent être préparés
par mise en oeuvre des étapes consistant à :
Les dalles ou plaques en matière moulée peuvent quant à elles
être obtenues par mise en oeuvre des étapes suivantes :
Un mode de réalisation préféré de ces deux procédés consiste à déposer la pâte de ciment par projection à l'aide d'un moyen de projection approprié, par exemple une machine de type Pützmeister®.A preferred embodiment of these two methods consists in deposit the cement paste by projection using a projection means suitable, for example a Pützmeister® type machine.
L'imprégnation des armatures par la pâte peut être effectuée mécaniquement ou manuellement, par exemple par marouflage.Impregnation of the frameworks with the paste can be carried out mechanically or manually, for example by masking.
Le positionnement précis des armatures peut être facilité par utilisation d'entretoises ou distanciers spécifiques.The precise positioning of the reinforcements can be facilitated by use of specific spacers or spacers.
La localisation de l'armature dépend essentiellement du type de sollicitations que devra supporter l'ouvrage final.The location of the reinforcement essentially depends on the type of stresses that the final work will have to bear.
Le mélange de l'agent de durcissement à la charge est réalisé par malaxage selon les techniques habituelles. Lorsque la charge comprend des fibres de renfort, celles-ci sont incorporées à sec ou en milieu pâteux. Lorsque les fibres ajoutées sont des fibres minérales (telles que les fibres de verre), celles-ci sont préférablement incorporées à la pâte de ciment en fin de malaxage. The curing agent is mixed with the filler mixing according to the usual techniques. When the charge includes reinforcing fibers, these are incorporated dry or in a pasty medium. When the fibers added are mineral fibers (such as glass fibers), these are preferably incorporated into the cement paste at the end of mixing.
Les matériaux renforcés de l'invention sont utilisables dans
l'industrie de la construction, du bâtiment et du Génie Civil. Certaines
applications envisageables sont :
L'exemple suivant illustre plus avant l'invention.The following example further illustrates the invention.
On prépare, par encollage, une armature (réseau maillé) à partir d'un fil de poly(alcool vinylique) de 200 tex (200 g/1000 m) et d'une masse volumique de 1,3 g/cm3 présentant une ténacité de 0,98 N/tex (∼ 127 kg/mm2), un allongement à la rupture de 6,6 à 6,7%, une résistance à la traction de 132 kg/mm2, et un module d'Young de 20,3 N/tex (∼ 2630 kg/mm2). La matière d'encollage est un latex de polymère styrène/butadiène.A reinforcement (mesh network) is prepared by gluing from a poly (vinyl alcohol) wire of 200 tex (200 g / 1000 m) and a density of 1.3 g / cm 3 having a tenacity of 0.98 N / tex (∼ 127 kg / mm 2 ), an elongation at break of 6.6 to 6.7%, a tensile strength of 132 kg / mm 2 , and a Young's modulus 20.3 N / tex (∼ 2630 kg / mm 2 ). The sizing material is a latex of styrene / butadiene polymer.
Le réseau maillé de cette armature est caractérisé par une ouverture de maille de 8 x 8 mm2, un grammage de 40 g/m2 en chaíne et de 40 g/m2 en trame.The mesh network of this frame is characterized by a mesh opening of 8 x 8 mm 2 , a grammage of 40 g / m 2 in warp and 40 g / m 2 in weft.
On prépare ensuite une pâte de mortier par mélange dans un malaxeur d'un mortier sec prêt à l'emploi avec de l'eau, dans un rapport pondéral eau/mortier de 0,18.A mortar paste is then prepared by mixing in a mixer of a dry mortar ready for use with water, in a ratio 0.18 water / mortar weight.
Au fond d'un moule de 20 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm, on dispose une première couche de cette pâte d'une épaisseur d'environ 5 mm. Sur cette pâte, on dépose 0 (exemple de référence "sans grille"), 1 (exemple de l'invention "avec 1 grille") ou 2 (exemple de l'invention "avec 2 grilles") grilles de l'armature préparée ci-dessus . At the bottom of a 20 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm mold, we have a first layer of this paste with a thickness of approximately 5 mm. On this dough, deposit 0 (reference example "without grid"), 1 (example the invention "with 1 grid") or 2 (example of the invention "with 2 grids") grids of the frame prepared above.
Le cas échéant, on imprègne ensuite de pâte, la ou les grilles, par marouflage, puis on remplit le moule d'une seconde couche de pâte, la même quantité de pâte étant utilisée dans chaque cas (exemple de référence et exemples avec 1 ou 2 grilles).If necessary, the dough or the grids are then impregnated with masking, then we fill the mold with a second layer of dough, the same quantity of dough being used in each case (reference example and examples with 1 or 2 grids).
On laisse durcir l'ensemble.Let the whole harden.
On teste ensuite les performances mécaniques des éprouvettes
de mortier obtenues, dans les conditions suivantes :
Le test mis en oeuvre est l'essai en flexion 4 points conforme à la norme européenne pr EN 1170-5.The test used is the 4-point bending test in accordance with the European standard for EN 1170-5.
Après vieillissement et juste avant l'essai en flexion, les éprouvettes testées (20 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm) sont immergées dans l'eau pendant 24 heures.After aging and just before the bending test, the test pieces tested (20 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm) are immersed in water for 24 hours.
Selon cet essai, on mesure la contrainte à la rupture (MOR), la limite élastique (LOP) et la déformation à la rupture (EPS).According to this test, the breaking stress (MOR), the elastic limit (LOP) and the strain at break (EPS).
Les résultats obtenus sont recueillis dans les tableaux 1 à 4
suivants :
Les résultats obtenus montrent que la présence d'armatures de poly(alcool vinylique) permet l'obtention de caractéristiques mécaniques en flexion supérieures : on remarque en particulier des déformations à la rupture 80 fois supérieures.The results obtained show that the presence of reinforcements of poly (vinyl alcohol) allows obtaining mechanical characteristics in superior bending: we notice in particular deformations at break 80 times higher.
Ces caractéristiques sont conservées après vieillissement.These characteristics are retained after aging.
On prépare par encollage les réseaux maillés présentant les caractéristiques indiquées dans les tableaux 5 et 6 suivants, en utilisant le même fil d'alcool polyvinylique qu'à l'exemple 1.The mesh networks presenting the characteristics indicated in the following tables 5 and 6, using the same polyvinyl alcohol wire as in Example 1.
La matière d'encollage utilisée est un latex de polymères de
styrène-butadiène.
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9907845 | 1999-06-21 | ||
FR9907845A FR2795111B1 (en) | 1999-06-21 | 1999-06-21 | REINFORCED CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL, COATING PRODUCT, AND MOLDED PLATE OR SLAB COMPRISING SAID MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1063366A1 true EP1063366A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
Family
ID=9547064
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP00401773A Withdrawn EP1063366A1 (en) | 1999-06-21 | 2000-06-21 | Reinforced construction material |
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EP (1) | EP1063366A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2795111B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1539649A2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2005-06-15 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
CN111287485A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-06-16 | 广州市芳村建筑工程有限公司 | Secondary structure anti-seepage and anti-leakage construction method |
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US4021258A (en) * | 1972-09-25 | 1977-05-03 | Teijin Limited | Concrete structure and method of preparing same |
DE3120661A1 (en) * | 1981-05-23 | 1982-12-16 | Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co, 4423 Gescher | Lattice fabric, especially for the reinforcement of slabs and layers |
US4581275A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1986-04-08 | Kurashiki Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Base cloth for reinforcement |
JPH02258657A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Reinforcing material for hydraulic substance |
Family Cites Families (5)
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DE2854228C2 (en) | 1978-12-15 | 1983-11-24 | Ytong AG, 8000 München | Multi-layer sheet made of aerated concrete, as well as process for their manufacture |
DE3042078A1 (en) | 1980-11-05 | 1982-06-09 | Ivan Prof. Dr.-Ing. 3380 Goslar Odler | CEMENT PANEL, AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3581451D1 (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1991-02-28 | Mitsui Constr | FIBER REINFORCED INORGANIC BODY. |
FR2589903B1 (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1990-08-17 | Zryd Ets | DEVICE FOR INSULATING WALLS FROM THE EXTERIOR. |
ZA963715B (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-20 | Tensar Corp | Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles |
-
1999
- 1999-06-21 FR FR9907845A patent/FR2795111B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 EP EP00401773A patent/EP1063366A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4021258A (en) * | 1972-09-25 | 1977-05-03 | Teijin Limited | Concrete structure and method of preparing same |
DE3120661A1 (en) * | 1981-05-23 | 1982-12-16 | Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co, 4423 Gescher | Lattice fabric, especially for the reinforcement of slabs and layers |
US4581275A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1986-04-08 | Kurashiki Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Base cloth for reinforcement |
JPH02258657A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Reinforcing material for hydraulic substance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 007 (C - 0794) 9 January 1991 (1991-01-09) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1539649A2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2005-06-15 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
EP1539649A4 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2011-02-23 | Saint Gobain Technical Fabrics | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
EP2641882A3 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2015-01-07 | Saint-Gobain ADFORS Canada, Ltd. | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
CN111287485A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-06-16 | 广州市芳村建筑工程有限公司 | Secondary structure anti-seepage and anti-leakage construction method |
Also Published As
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FR2795111A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 |
FR2795111B1 (en) | 2002-06-28 |
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