EP1061012A1 - Material and waste transportation - Google Patents
Material and waste transportation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1061012A1 EP1061012A1 EP00304917A EP00304917A EP1061012A1 EP 1061012 A1 EP1061012 A1 EP 1061012A1 EP 00304917 A EP00304917 A EP 00304917A EP 00304917 A EP00304917 A EP 00304917A EP 1061012 A1 EP1061012 A1 EP 1061012A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- trailer
- container
- waste
- premises
- providing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
- B65F9/00—Transferring of refuse between vehicles or containers with intermediate storage or pressing
Definitions
- a lorry comprising a tractor unit 10 and a first trailer 11 carrying newsprint reels 12 reverses up to a loading bay 13, of a printing works 14 whereupon the reels are removed in a conventional manner to be used, again in a conventional manner.
- Newspaper waste is removed from the printing process and delivered to a conventional compressor unit 20 typically comprising a hopper 21 for receipt of the waste and an axial ram unit 22 to force the waste along discharge pathway 23 terminating in an discharge chute 24.
- Discharge chute 24 is received in an aperture 40 ( Figure 2) in a door 41 in the rear of a second trailer 30 of identical design to first trailer 11.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to material and waste transportation, in particular including an improved routine for delivery of newsprint and the removal of waste paper.
- Transportation of goods by road is normally conducted using large articulated lorries having a trailer hauled by a tractor unit. Typically, having delivered its load, the lorry returns to its home depot empty. This is a waste of driver and vehicle time, being a period of zero productivity, and is also a waste of fuel, thus raising environmental concerns. The government is keen to encourage hauliers to use full trailers on the return leg of each journey. However, whilst being an admirable aim, it is, in practice, difficult to achieve, for several reasons. Products made by the concern to whom the delivery was made may not require transportation of its own goods in the direction of the lorry's home depot. Furthermore, trailers may be designed specifically for transporting a certain type of product and are not readily adaptable to carrying other goods.
- In the newsprint industry, reels of newsprint are typically delivered to a printing works on a trailer with fabric side curtains carried upon a steel frame, typically known as a "Tautliner". Printing works produce a great deal of waste paper. Typically, on a continuous basis as it is produced, a compactor unit compresses waste paper into a 20 foot long bin. Typically, two bins are transported for disposal or recycling upon a single trailer. The trailer will be different from that used to deliver the newsprint. Each bin in turn must be mounted upon and demounted from the trailer using a hook lift vehicle before the contents can be disposed of. The system is generally similar to that in our copending application GB 2 307 895A. This procedure is unduly time consuming involving many movements of bins. This additionally produces a considerable amount of noise.
- It is with these problems in mind, particularly with reference to the newsprint industry, that the present invention has been devised.
- According to the present invention, there is provided, in a first aspect, a material delivery and waste collection system for a premises; the system comprising (i) providing at least two, wheeled, enclosed elongate material-carrying containers each having a floor, walls, a roof and an access door mounted within a frame at the rear of the container; (ii) providing the premises with a delivery bay for transfer of materials from the rear of a first container into the premises; and (iii) providing the premises with at least one waste collection bay; wherein the waste collection bay includes a compactor unit having an input adapted to receive waste material and an output for expulsion of the waste material; the system comprising mutually cooperating connecting means provided on the compactor units and on the rear of the second container; the connecting means providing a substantially rigid connection between the output of the compactor unit and the container.
- Preferably, the wheeled container is in the form of a trailer of an articulated lorry.
- In another aspect, the present invention provides a trailer for an articulated lorry adapted for use in the system described above. The trailer comprises an enclosed elongate material-carrying container having a floor, walls, a roof and an access door mounted within a frame at the rear of the trailer; wherein the interior surfaces of the walls and roof are substantially flat and uninterrupted and the floor includes a plurality of longitudinally extending guide tracks; wherein further, the rear of the trailer comprises cooperative means for connecting the trailer to the output of a compactor unit. The trailer further comprises means for discharging waste material from the interior of the container.
- Typically, the container is mounted at the rear of the trailer upon a chassis for pivotal movement with respect thereto. Alternatively, the container may include a tipping ram to thereby discharge the contents.
- Preferably, the access door is a vertically slidable door. The frame of the door may be in the form of an external outwardly opening door. Alternatively, there may be a further external rear door provided to the trailer.
- The above and other aspects of the present invention will now be described in further detail by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1
- is a plan view representing, schematically, the operation of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
- Figure 2
- is a rear view of a first embodiment of a trailer in accordance with the present invention;
- Figure 3
- is a side view of the trailer of Figure 2;
- Figure 4
- is a side view of a second embodiment of a trailer in accordance with the present invention;
- Figure 5
- is a cross-section through the floor of the trailer of Figures 2 and 3; and
- Figure 6
- is a part plan view showing an arrangement of newsprint rolls in the trailer of Figures 2, 3 and 5.
- With reference to Figure 1, the process of the present invention will now be explained. A lorry comprising a tractor unit 10 and a first trailer 11 carrying newsprint reels 12 reverses up to a
loading bay 13, of a printing works 14 whereupon the reels are removed in a conventional manner to be used, again in a conventional manner. Newspaper waste is removed from the printing process and delivered to a conventional compressor unit 20 typically comprising a hopper 21 for receipt of the waste and an axial ram unit 22 to force the waste alongdischarge pathway 23 terminating in andischarge chute 24.Discharge chute 24 is received in an aperture 40 (Figure 2) in a door 41 in the rear of asecond trailer 30 of identical design to first trailer 11.Second trailer 30 is secured such that movement between thetrailer 30 anddischarge chute 24 is largely prevented and remains in place whilst the compacting process is ongoing. Aperture 40 is covered when not coupled to thedischarge chute 24 by means of a vertically slidingcover 42. Door 41 typically hinges from the upper edge. - The process operates as follows. A fully laden lorry arrives and discharges its load. It then proceeds to the waste exit area of the works 14 where it deposits the now empty trailer and retrieves the filled trailer which it then returns to its home depot or elsewhere for disposal.
- In a typical arrangement, however, the printing works 14 will have several compressor units 20 with associated discharge pathways.
- At the remote site where the waste paper is to be discharged, for example at a landfill site or recycling plant, the trailer can be tipped to discharge the waste under gravity or may include an ejector or ram piston or walking floor (not shown) which ejects the waste out.
- Many features of the
trailer 11,30 are largely conventional and do not need to be described in further detail. Indeed, this is a particular advantage of the present system and trailer. An example of a trailer is shown in Figures 2 and 3. The trailer includes amaterial carrying container 50 pivotally mounted at a rear hinge point upon achassis 52. Pivotal movement is actuated by means of apneumatic piston 53. The trailer is supported upon three pairs ofroad wheels 54 and, when not coupled to a tractor unit, a frontwheeled support leg 55. A furtherwheeled support leg 56 is provided at the rear of the trailer for additional support. - The
container 50 is typically formed from 5mm aluminium alloy plate and includes reinforcingmembers 60 spaced at approximately 400mm centres. The embodiment shown in Figure 4 is identical save that, for aesthetic reasons, the container is clad externally with anappropriate sheet material 61. The use of aluminium means that the container is equally suitable for the transportation of grain/cereals. Indeed the inventive system will find use in the delivery of products to, for example, supermarkets. Supermarkets produce a large quantity of paper and cardboard waste which is presently compacted into small containers in the same manner as in the waste newsprint industry. In this regard, it will be apparent that the trailer could also be refrigerated. - Typically, the
container 50 is around 13m long, 2.55m wide and 2.5m tall. Such dimensions allow the trailer to carry seventeen1250mm reels 65 of newsprint, a section of which is shown in Figure 6. The base of the trailer is illustrated in cross-section in Figure 5. The base includes fourlongitudinal channels 70 arranged in pairs. The channels assist in loading and removal of thereels 65 of newsprint. Cargo carried upon skates can slide within the channels. So that thechannels 70 do not become clogged with waste paper,elongate inserts 71 can be used to fill the channels. Alternatively, the channels can simply be brushed and cleaned out after use. - The present invention reduces the number of on site operations required, avoids the need for raising and lowering heavy containers loaded with waste materials and allows removal of waste to be effected in a straightforward, quick, efficient and cost-effective manner. The present invention also significantly reduces road movements, in ideal cases by 50%. Additionally, in the preferred embodiment, the safety of road delivery is enhanced by the metal construction of the trailer.
Claims (3)
- A material delivery and waste collection system for a premises (14); the system comprising (i) providing at least two, wheeled, enclosed elongate material-carrying containers (11) each having a floor, walls, a roof and access means (40) mounted within a frame (41) at the rear of the container (11); (ii) providing the premises (14) with a delivery bay (13) for transfer of materials from the rear of a first said container into the premises; and (iii) providing the premises with at least one waste collection bay (23); wherein the waste collection bay includes a compactor unit (20) having an input (21) adapted to receive waste material and an output (24) for expulsion of the waste material; the system comprising mutually cooperating connecting means provided on the compactor units and on the rear of the second container; the connecting means providing a substantially rigid connection between the output of the compactor unit and the container.
- A system as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the wheeled container is in the form of a trailer (11) of an articulated lorry.
- A trailer (11) for an articulated lorry adapted for use in the system of Claim 2 wherein the trailer (11) comprises an enclosed elongate material-carrying container having a floor, walls, a roof and an access door mounted within a frame at the rear of the trailer; wherein the interior surfaces of the walls and roof are substantially flat and uninterrupted and the floor includes a plurality of longitudinally extending guide tracks; wherein the rear of the trailer comprises cooperative means for connecting the trailer to the output of a compactor unit; and wherein the trailer further comprises means for discharging waste material from the interior of the container.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9913532 | 1999-06-10 | ||
GBGB9913532.9A GB9913532D0 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Material and waste transportation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1061012A1 true EP1061012A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
EP1061012B1 EP1061012B1 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=10855111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00304917A Expired - Lifetime EP1061012B1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2000-06-09 | Material and waste transportation |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1061012B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE249991T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60005250T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1061012T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2206140T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9913532D0 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1061012E (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1281637A1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-05 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Material and waste transportation |
GB2429006A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-14 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Trailer loading system |
EP2511197A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-17 | SA des Magasins Généraux d'Epinal - MGE Transports et Auxiliaires | Method for collecting recovered paper |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH500885A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-12-31 | Ochsner & Cie Ag J | Method for reloading garbage into a long-distance transport vehicle and long-distance transport vehicle for carrying out the method |
GB2009035A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-06-13 | Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for loading bales on to transport vehicles |
DE2820276A1 (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1979-11-22 | Mabeg Gmbh & Co Ohg | Rubbish unloading device for waste clearance - enables rubbish to slip in front of press ram and to be pushed into forming channel |
FR2572371A1 (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1986-05-02 | Vib Srl Verniciature Ind Bresc | System and equipment for decanting solid refuse from collecting vehicles into semitrailers for transport to the waste tips |
WO1996013451A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | Altamont, Inc. | Method for transferring waste |
GB2307895A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1997-06-11 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Rubbish Collection System |
-
1999
- 1999-06-10 GB GBGB9913532.9A patent/GB9913532D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 PT PT00304917T patent/PT1061012E/en unknown
- 2000-06-09 AT AT00304917T patent/ATE249991T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-09 EP EP00304917A patent/EP1061012B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-09 DE DE60005250T patent/DE60005250T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-09 DK DK00304917T patent/DK1061012T3/en active
- 2000-06-09 ES ES00304917T patent/ES2206140T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH500885A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-12-31 | Ochsner & Cie Ag J | Method for reloading garbage into a long-distance transport vehicle and long-distance transport vehicle for carrying out the method |
GB2009035A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-06-13 | Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for loading bales on to transport vehicles |
DE2820276A1 (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1979-11-22 | Mabeg Gmbh & Co Ohg | Rubbish unloading device for waste clearance - enables rubbish to slip in front of press ram and to be pushed into forming channel |
FR2572371A1 (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1986-05-02 | Vib Srl Verniciature Ind Bresc | System and equipment for decanting solid refuse from collecting vehicles into semitrailers for transport to the waste tips |
WO1996013451A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | Altamont, Inc. | Method for transferring waste |
GB2307895A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1997-06-11 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Rubbish Collection System |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1281637A1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-05 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Material and waste transportation |
GB2429006A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-14 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Trailer loading system |
GB2429006B (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2008-08-06 | Derek Edward Sumpter | Trailer loading system |
EP2511197A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-17 | SA des Magasins Généraux d'Epinal - MGE Transports et Auxiliaires | Method for collecting recovered paper |
FR2974075A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-19 | Magasins Generaux D Epinal Mge Transports & Auxiliaires Sa Des | METHOD OF COLLECTING RECOVERED PAPERS. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1061012T3 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
GB9913532D0 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
ATE249991T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
ES2206140T3 (en) | 2004-05-16 |
PT1061012E (en) | 2004-02-27 |
DE60005250D1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
EP1061012B1 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
DE60005250T2 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5035563A (en) | Waste collection system for segregating solid waste into preselected component materials | |
US3013675A (en) | Apparatus for garbage disposal | |
US5205698A (en) | Waste collection system for segregating solid waste into preselected component materials | |
US5163805A (en) | Waste collection system for segregating solid waste into preselected component materials | |
US5676320A (en) | Mobile tire shredder | |
US6309164B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for collecting recyclable materials | |
US3451571A (en) | Refuse collection | |
US6048167A (en) | Container with expandable side walls and method | |
US4923356A (en) | Apparatus for collecting and compacting garbage and then loading it into a road vehicle | |
US4883321A (en) | Combination rear dump and bottom dump semi trailer | |
JPS6322402A (en) | Packer | |
US4425070A (en) | Separated discards carrier | |
EP2058246A1 (en) | Waste Collection Apparatus | |
US6589002B2 (en) | Material and waste transportation | |
US5599071A (en) | Multi-compartmentalized dumping body with movable floor | |
US6955520B2 (en) | Refuse collection vehicle and method with stackable refuse storage container | |
US5221173A (en) | Multi-vehicle transport system for bulk materials in confined areas | |
EP1120363B1 (en) | Lorry trailer for use in a material delivery and waste collection system | |
US4995780A (en) | Handling method for delivering baled solid waste to a balefill | |
EP1061012B1 (en) | Material and waste transportation | |
US20030021664A1 (en) | Material and waste transportation | |
US3487967A (en) | Refuse collection | |
WO1996021579A1 (en) | Improved bulk material carrying truck | |
AU5400601A (en) | Material and waste transportation | |
WO2010136167A1 (en) | Waste collection apparatus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010613 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20020502 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60005250 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20031023 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20030405225 Country of ref document: GR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: ISLER & PEDRAZZINI AG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2206140 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040609 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040610 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040610 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040630 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040630 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040630 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040630 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040630 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040618 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041209 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *SUMPTER DEREK EDWARD Effective date: 20040630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050101 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050105 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20040609 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MM4A Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES Effective date: 20041209 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20050101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050609 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20040610 |