EP1059152A1 - Process for producing a workpiece from cellulose fibers, especially in the form of a fibre board - Google Patents
Process for producing a workpiece from cellulose fibers, especially in the form of a fibre board Download PDFInfo
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- EP1059152A1 EP1059152A1 EP00110686A EP00110686A EP1059152A1 EP 1059152 A1 EP1059152 A1 EP 1059152A1 EP 00110686 A EP00110686 A EP 00110686A EP 00110686 A EP00110686 A EP 00110686A EP 1059152 A1 EP1059152 A1 EP 1059152A1
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- fibers
- preform
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- fiberboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of a shaped body based on lignocellulosic fibers.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacture a fiberboard made of wood fibers, the fiberboard a can have low density.
- a fiberboard can find particular use as insulation material. It is also not excluded to use it as a construction element.
- a typical representative of fiberboard that the Invention relates to so-called soft wood fiber boards.
- the individual wood fibers shrink during drying firmly against each other, even if no binding agent is added has been. If a binder is added, it is on make sure that this is fixed to the wood fibers, as it otherwise suctioned off with the water of the starting suspension or is pressed.
- a so-called drying process for the production of wood fiber boards is known.
- the fibers for this are obtained in the same way as for the wet process. Subsequently, however, they are not transferred to a suspension, but are dried down to a level in current dryers, ie in flight, which later enables easier drying.
- the moisture content of the wood fibers is typically below 10%.
- a binder is added to the wood fibers, which bonds the individual wood fibers to one another after the subsequent shaping of the wood fibers into a mat as a preform and when the mat is pressed into a fiber plate.
- dry fiber fibreboards are known in a density range from 900 to 450 kg / m 3 as high density fiberboard (HDF), medium density fiberboard (MDF), light and ultralight fiberboard (ULF). It is characteristic of fiberboard according to the dry process that even with ultralight fiberboard, due to the still relatively high density, no good insulation effects are achieved.
- HDF high density fiberboard
- MDF medium density fiberboard
- ULF ultralight fiberboard
- Fiberboard is known from DE 196 74 240 A1.
- a fibreboard is produced with good insulation values, by wood fibers, the moisture content according to a one Final refiner process unchanged remains, mixed with a binder and with a spreader are spread out on a forming station to a mat to form as a preform of the fiberboard.
- the mat will preformed in terms of their width and basis weight after activation of the binder to form a fiberboard shaped and cured in thickness.
- Activation of the Binder is made by heat, for example by hot Steam.
- the binder should be added to the moist Wood fibers in a dry state.
- Disadvantages of the known Process are that by deforming the thickness of the mat Harden to the fiberboard the natural shrinkage of the wood fibers used in the wet process by changing with the change in thickness Relative assignment of the individual wood fibers does not take place can. For this reason, the known method must also Binder can be added.
- the addition of the binder in Dry form is unfavorable, however, since light Fiberboard, d. H. for fiberboard with large free volume, the binder added in the dry form in the free Can arrange volume and thus for effective bonding of the wood fibers at their points of contact only to a small extent Part is available.
- the invention has for its object an economical feasible process for the production of moldings on the Basis of lignocellulosic fibers, especially of as Fibreboard usable insulation material to show that the shrinking of the lignocellulose-containing fibers together Drying is used specifically.
- this object is achieved by a method for Production of a shaped body based on lignocellulose-containing Fibers, especially a fiberboard, with the Features of claim 1 solved.
- the new process uses moist, swollen lignocellulose-containing Fibers as the starting material and forms one out of them Preform.
- the intermediate step is not a aqueous suspension of the fibers gone. Rather, they are wet fibers directly scattered to a preform.
- This preform the moist fibers are then calibrated, i.e. H. also adjusted in terms of their thickness. Only then does drying take place the pre-calibrated preform. This is the preform no longer deformed to a relative displacement of the individual Avoid wood fibers and thus shrinking together of the wood fibers when drying.
- the strength of finished fiberboard is that of Fiberboard made by the wet process quite comparable. With the same densities, they can even significantly above that of those made by the wet process Soft wood fibreboards lie.
- the fibers are maximally molded into a preform brought swollen condition. This condition is a prerequisite around the shrinking of the fibers when drying to be able to exploit.
- the moisture of the fibers is checked the shaping to the preform so that when shaping the Preform a slight overwetting above the fiber saturation point is present.
- the maximum weight ratio is fibers Water 1: 1.
- only a little over-humidification is ideal of the fibers when molding the preform, especially because hereby the thermal drying effort for the formed and calibrated preform is kept to a minimum.
- the Moisture of the fibers before forming the preform in one a blowpipe downstream of a refiner can be set.
- blowpipe also includes a water vapor separator in the form of a cyclone. Thermal drying of the fibers is in the new procedure before calibrating the Preform not provided.
- the fibers do not need any binders be added to obtain a stable molded body. Just shrinking the fibers together when drying ensures a stable connection between the fibers.
- Dispersion adhesives and natural adhesives such as starch solutions or degraded and modified starch solutions, i.e. initially liquid ones Adhesives, especially when drying the initially over-moistened wood fibers at the contact points of the wood fibers concentrate with each other and this in addition to the shrinkage glue together, removing them by dehydration harden.
- Adhesives especially when drying the initially over-moistened wood fibers at the contact points of the wood fibers concentrate with each other and this in addition to the shrinkage glue together, removing them by dehydration harden.
- the adhesive is applied in liquid form the wet fibers applied. He is preferably on the sprayed on wet fibers.
- a fire retardant In addition to the liquid adhesive or in the manufacture of Shaped bodies without binders can damp fibers before Forms to the preform a fire retardant, a fungicide and / or a hydrophobizing agent can be added to with this the properties of the molded body in set the desired way.
- the range of the average bulk density that can be achieved with the new process is 80 to 300 kg / m 3 .
- the average bulk density of the molded body is set when calibrating the preform from the moist fibers. It should be noted that the drying of the initially swollen moist fibers also shrinks their outer dimensions. This means that when the preform is calibrated from the moist fibers, it must be calibrated to an oversize, which only shrinks to the desired target size later when the preform dries.
- Drying of the preform from the wet fibers can be done by Flow can be achieved in particular with hot air, which the Preform that extracts excess moisture. Heat to The preform can also be dried by contact plates be fed. However, these contact plates should have openings included for the removal of the evaporated moisture. Furthermore, it is for a good heat transfer from the sheets pressing the sheets onto the preform on the wet preform required. The preform must not be deformed, otherwise the desired shrinking of the Fibers is prevented. But there is nothing to be said against it after drying the preform to refine the surface of the Shaped body moistened again or with a low concentrated binder solution is wetted to then to be smoothed under the influence of heat.
- the invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment explained and described in more detail.
- the figure shows a highly simplified overview diagram of the process of the individual process steps in the manufacture of a fiberboard as a molded article based on fibers containing lignocellulose.
- a first process step 1 wood chips 2 are thermally digested with the addition of water 3 and subjected to mechanical comminution under the influence of pressure and temperature. This is then followed by defibrating in a refiner 4.
- a blowpipe 5 is connected to the refiner 4, in which optionally a liquid adhesive 6 that hardens by removing water can be sprayed onto the moist wood fibers.
- Excess water vapor 8 is then separated off in a cyclone 7. There is initially no thermal drying of the wood fibers. The wood fibers retain a slight excess moisture.
- the moist wood fibers 9 can, however, also be sprinkled directly onto a belt 10 to form a preform 11, which is referred to as a mat in fiberboard.
- the preform 11 made of the moist wood fibers 9, possibly with adhesive 6, is first calibrated, which is indicated by a pair of rollers 12.
- the calibrated preform 11 is then dried by hot air 13 flowing through it, which removes the moisture 14 from the preform 11.
- the individual wood fibers shrink to one another, possibly with additional gluing by the adhesive 6.
- the outer dimensions of the preform 11 also decrease, so that the thickness of the preform 11 set by the pair of rollers 12 must be greater than the solid thickness of a later fiberboard 15, which can be separated from the endless strand of the preform 11 after drying.
- the band 10, which is formed here by means of two rollers 16, must have openings in order to allow the hot air 13 to flow through it.
- the preform 11 can also be guided on its upper side by a further band 16 with openings.
- the belts 16 can also be heated in order to transfer heat to the preform 11 by contact, so that their drying is accelerated.
- the average bulk density of the finished fiberboard 15 is typically between 100 and 200 kg / m 3 .
- all other materials can be used as a starting material, which are made up of fibers containing lignocellulose.
- the fiber board 15 can be used in particular as an insulating material. However, it can also be used as a construction element for low loads. Applications for thermal insulation as well as impact sound insulation can be considered as insulation material.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Herstellung eines Formkörpers auf der Basis von lignocellulosehaltigen Fasern. Insbesondere bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserplatte aus Holzfasern, wobei die Faserplatte eine geringe Dichte aufweisen kann. Eine solche Faserplatte kann insbesondere als Dämmaterial Verwendung finden. Es ist aber auch nicht ausgeschlossen, sie als Konstruktionselement einzusetzen. Ein typischer Vertreter von Faserplatten, auf die sich die Erfindung bezieht, sind sogenannte Holzweichfaserplatten.The invention relates to the production of a shaped body based on lignocellulosic fibers. In particular The invention relates to a method of manufacture a fiberboard made of wood fibers, the fiberboard a can have low density. Such a fiberboard can find particular use as insulation material. It is also not excluded to use it as a construction element. A typical representative of fiberboard that the Invention relates to so-called soft wood fiber boards.
Zur Herstellung von Holzweichfaserplatten ist das sogenannte Naßverfahren bekannt. Durch mahlende, schleifende oder quetschende Krafteinwirkung hergestellte Holzfasern werden in eine wässrige Suspension überführt, die typischerweise nur 2 bis 3 Gewichts-% Holzfasern enthält. Diese Suspension mit den maximal gequollenen Holzfasern wird auf ein Siebband aufgebracht, durch das eine Entwässerung zunächst mittels Schwerkraft und anschließend über verschiedene Saug- und Vorpreßeinrichtungen erfolgt. Der dabei erreichbare Entwässerungsgrad wird durch das Wasserspeichervermögen der gequollenen Holzfasern und die nur geringen zulässigen Preßkräfte nach unten begrenzt, da ein Dämmaterial mit geringer Dichte erzeugt werden soll. Die durch die Vorentwässerung der Suspension erhaltene Matte aus feuchten Holzfasern als Vorform der Holzweichfaserplatten wird anschließend drucklos getrocknet. Bei der Trocknung schrumpfen die einzelnen Holzfasern aneinander fest, auch wenn kein Bindemittel zugesetzt wurde. Wenn ein Bindemittel zugesetzt wird, ist darauf zu achten, daß sich dieses an den Holzfasern fixiert, da es anderenfalls mit dem Wasser der Ausgangssuspension abgesaugt bzw. abgepreßt wird.The so-called for the production of soft wood fiber boards Wet process known. Through grinding, grinding or crushing Wood fibers produced into force are in a transferred aqueous suspension, which is typically only 2 to 3 Contains% by weight wood fibers. This suspension with the maximum swollen wood fibers is applied to a sieve belt, through the first drainage by gravity and then via various suction and pre-pressing devices. The degree of drainage that can be achieved is determined by the water storage capacity of the swollen wood fibers and the minimal permissible pressing forces are limited downwards because of an insulating material to be generated with low density. That through the pre-drainage the mat of damp wood fibers obtained from the suspension The preform of the soft wood fiber boards is then depressurized dried. The individual wood fibers shrink during drying firmly against each other, even if no binding agent is added has been. If a binder is added, it is on make sure that this is fixed to the wood fibers, as it otherwise suctioned off with the water of the starting suspension or is pressed.
Weiterhin ist ein sogenanntes Trockenverfahren zur Herstellung von Holzfaserplatten bekannt. Die Fasern hierfür werden in derselben Weise wie für das Naßverfahren gewonnen. Anschließend werden sie jedoch nicht in eine Suspension überführt, sondern in Stromtrocknern, d. h. im Flug, auf ein Maß heruntergetrocknet, welches später eine einfachere Trocknung ermöglicht. Die Feuchten der Holzfasern liegen dabei typischerweise unter 10 %. Vor oder nach der Trocknung wird den Holzfasern ein Bindemittel zugesetzt, das nach dem anschließenden Formen der Holzfasern zu einer Matte als Vorform Faserplatten und beim Verpressen der Matte zu einer Faserplatte die einzelnen Holzfasern miteinander verklebt. Diese Faserplatten nach dem Trockenverfahren werden in einem Dichtebereich von 900 bis 450 kg/m3 als Hochdichte Faserplatten (HDF), Mitteldichte Faserplatten (MDF), Leichte und Ultraleichte Faserplatten (ULF) bezeichnet. Charakteristisch für Faserplatten nach dem Trockenverfahren ist, daß selbst bei Ultraleichten Faserplatten aufgrund der immer noch relativ hohen Dichte keine guten Dämmwirkungen erreicht werden.Furthermore, a so-called drying process for the production of wood fiber boards is known. The fibers for this are obtained in the same way as for the wet process. Subsequently, however, they are not transferred to a suspension, but are dried down to a level in current dryers, ie in flight, which later enables easier drying. The moisture content of the wood fibers is typically below 10%. Before or after drying, a binder is added to the wood fibers, which bonds the individual wood fibers to one another after the subsequent shaping of the wood fibers into a mat as a preform and when the mat is pressed into a fiber plate. These dry fiber fibreboards are known in a density range from 900 to 450 kg / m 3 as high density fiberboard (HDF), medium density fiberboard (MDF), light and ultralight fiberboard (ULF). It is characteristic of fiberboard according to the dry process that even with ultralight fiberboard, due to the still relatively high density, no good insulation effects are achieved.
Weiterhin ist ein sogenanntes Semi-Dry-Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die zunächst getrockneten Fasern nach der Ausbildung einer Matte wieder befeuchtet und anschließend heiß verpreßt werden. Furthermore, a so-called semi-dry process is known for which the initially dried fibers after the formation of a The mat is moistened again and then pressed hot.
Auf diese Weise wird eine glatte Oberfläche bei den hergestellten Faserplatten erreicht. Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten ist aus der DE 196 74 240 A1 bekannt. Hier wird eine Holzfaserplatte mit guten Dämmwerten hergestellt, indem Holzfasern, deren Feuchtigkeitsgehalt nach einem einen Zerfaserungsprozeß abschließenden Refiner-Verfahren unverändert bleibt, mit einem Bindemittel vermischt und mit einer Streuvorrichtung auf einer Formstation ausgebracht werden, um eine Matte als Vorform der Faserplatten auszubilden. Die Matte wird hinsichtlich ihrer Breite und des Flächengewichts vorgeformt um nach Aktivierung des Bindemittels zur Bildung einer Faserplatte in der Dicke geformt und ausgehärtet. Die Aktivierung des Bindemittels erfolgt durch Wärme, beispielsweise durch heißen Dampf. Zugesetzt werden soll das Bindemittel zu den feuchten Holzfasern in trockenem Zustand. Nachteile des bekannten Verfahrens sind, daß durch die Dickenverformung der Matte beim Aushärten zu der Faserplatte das natürliche Aneinanderfestschrumpfen der Holzfasern, welches beim Naßverfahren ausgenutzt wird, durch die sich mit der Dickenänderung verändernde Relativzuordnung der einzelnen Holzfasern nicht stattfinden kann. Aus diesem Grund muß bei dem bekannten Verfahren auch Bindemittel zugesetzt werden. Das Zusetzen des Bindemittels in trockener Form ist jedoch ungünstig, da sich bei leichten Faserplatten, d. h. bei Faserplatten mit großem freien Volumen, das in trockener Form zugesetzte Bindemittel in dem freien Volumen anordnen kann und somit für eine effektive Verklebung der Holzfasern an ihren Berührungspunkten nur zu einem geringen Teil zur Verfügung steht.In this way, a smooth surface is produced in the Fiberboard reached. Another manufacturing process Fiberboard is known from DE 196 74 240 A1. Here a fibreboard is produced with good insulation values, by wood fibers, the moisture content according to a one Final refiner process unchanged remains, mixed with a binder and with a spreader are spread out on a forming station to a mat to form as a preform of the fiberboard. The mat will preformed in terms of their width and basis weight after activation of the binder to form a fiberboard shaped and cured in thickness. Activation of the Binder is made by heat, for example by hot Steam. The binder should be added to the moist Wood fibers in a dry state. Disadvantages of the known Process are that by deforming the thickness of the mat Harden to the fiberboard the natural shrinkage of the wood fibers used in the wet process by changing with the change in thickness Relative assignment of the individual wood fibers does not take place can. For this reason, the known method must also Binder can be added. The addition of the binder in Dry form is unfavorable, however, since light Fiberboard, d. H. for fiberboard with large free volume, the binder added in the dry form in the free Can arrange volume and thus for effective bonding of the wood fibers at their points of contact only to a small extent Part is available.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein wirtschaftlich durchführbares Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf der Basis von lignocellulosehaltigen Fasern, insbesondere von als Dämmaterial verwendbaren Faserplatten, aufzuzeigen, das das aneinander Festschrumpfen der lignocellulosehaltigen Fasern beim Trocknen gezielt ausnutzt.The invention has for its object an economical feasible process for the production of moldings on the Basis of lignocellulosic fibers, especially of as Fibreboard usable insulation material to show that the shrinking of the lignocellulose-containing fibers together Drying is used specifically.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur
Herstellung eines Formkörpers auf der Basis von lignocellulosehaltigen
Fasern, insbesondere einer Faserplatte, mit den
Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for
Production of a shaped body based on lignocellulose-containing
Fibers, especially a fiberboard, with the
Features of
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen
2 bis 9 beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the method are in the
Das neue Verfahren verwendet feuchte, gequollene lignocellulosehaltige Fasern als Ausgangsmaterial und bildet hieraus eine Vorform aus. Dabei wird nicht der Zwischenschritt über eine wässrige Suspension der Fasern gegangen. Vielmehr werden die feuchten Fasern direkt zu einer Vorform gestreut. Diese Vorform aus den feuchten Fasern wird anschließend kalibriert, d. h. auch bezüglich ihrer Dicke eingestellt. Erst dann erfolgt das Trocknen der bereits kalibrierten Vorform. Hierbei wird die Vorform nicht mehr verformt, um eine Relativverschiebung der einzelnen Holzfasern zu vermeiden und damit ein Aneinanderfestschrumpfen der Holzfasern beim Trocknen zu ermöglichen. Die so erreichten Festigkeiten von fertigen Faserplatten sind denjenigen von Faserplatten, die nach dem Naßverfahren hergestellt wurden, durchaus vergleichbar. Bei gleichen Dichten können sie sogar wesentlich über denjenigen von im Naßverfahren hergestellten Holzweichfaserplatten liegen.The new process uses moist, swollen lignocellulose-containing Fibers as the starting material and forms one out of them Preform. The intermediate step is not a aqueous suspension of the fibers gone. Rather, they are wet fibers directly scattered to a preform. This preform the moist fibers are then calibrated, i.e. H. also adjusted in terms of their thickness. Only then does drying take place the pre-calibrated preform. This is the preform no longer deformed to a relative displacement of the individual Avoid wood fibers and thus shrinking together of the wood fibers when drying. The so achieved The strength of finished fiberboard is that of Fiberboard made by the wet process quite comparable. With the same densities, they can even significantly above that of those made by the wet process Soft wood fibreboards lie.
Die Fasern werden vor dem Formen der Vorform in einen maximal gequollenen Zustand gebracht. Dieser Zustand ist Voraussetzung, um das Aneinanderfestschrumpfen der Fasern beim Trocknen voll ausnutzen zu können. Die Feuchtigkeit der Fasern wird dabei vor dem Formen zu der Vorform so eingestellt, daß beim Formen der Vorform eine leichte Überfeuchtung über den Fasersättigungspunkt vorliegt. Maximal beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis Fasern zu Wasser 1:1 betragen. Ideal ist jedoch eine nur geringe Überfeuchtung der Fasern beim Formen der Vorform, insbesondere weil hierdurch der thermische Trocknungsaufwand für die gebildete und kalibrierte Vorform auf ein Minimum beschränkt wird.The fibers are maximally molded into a preform brought swollen condition. This condition is a prerequisite around the shrinking of the fibers when drying to be able to exploit. The moisture of the fibers is checked the shaping to the preform so that when shaping the Preform a slight overwetting above the fiber saturation point is present. The maximum weight ratio is fibers Water 1: 1. However, only a little over-humidification is ideal of the fibers when molding the preform, especially because hereby the thermal drying effort for the formed and calibrated preform is kept to a minimum.
Bei der praktischen Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens kann die Feuchtigkeit der Fasern vor dem Formen der Vorform in einem einen Refiner nachgeschalteten Blasrohr eingestellt werden. Dabei fällt unter den Begriff Blasrohr hier auch ein Wasserdampfabscheider in Form eines Zyklons. Eine thermische Trocknung der Fasern ist bei dem neuen Verfahren vor dem Kalibrieren der Vorform nicht vorgesehen.In the practical implementation of the new process, the Moisture of the fibers before forming the preform in one a blowpipe downstream of a refiner can be set. Here, the term blowpipe also includes a water vapor separator in the form of a cyclone. Thermal drying of the fibers is in the new procedure before calibrating the Preform not provided.
Bei dem neuen Verfahren müssen den Fasern keine Bindemittel zugesetzt werden, um einen stabilen Formkörper zu erhalten. Allein das Aneinanderfestschrumpfen der Fasern beim Trocknen sorgt für eine stabile Verbindung der Fasern untereinander.With the new process, the fibers do not need any binders be added to obtain a stable molded body. Just shrinking the fibers together when drying ensures a stable connection between the fibers.
Um verbesserte Festigkeitswerte für die nach dem neuen Verfahren hergestellten Formkörper zu erreichen, können den feuchten Fasern jedoch vor dem Formen zu der Vorform Bindemittel zugesetzt werden. Bevorzugt sind dabei Dispersionsklebstoffe und natürliche Klebstoffe wie Stärkelösungen oder auch abgebaute und modifizierte Stärkelösungen, also allgemein zunächst flüssige Klebstoffe, die sich insbesondere beim Trocknen der zunächst überfeuchteten Holzfasern an den Kontaktpunkten der Holzfasern untereinander konzentrieren und diese zusätzlich zu der Festschrumpfung miteinander verkleben, wobei sie durch Wasserentzug härten. Durch die Konzentration derartiger Klebstoffen an den Kreuzungspunkten der einzelnen Fasern ist der Wirkungsgrad bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge an Klebstoff sehr groß. Insbesondere geht kein Klebstoff in dem freien Volumen des Formkörpers bzw. der ihm zugrundeliegenden Vorform verloren.To improve strength values for those using the new process To achieve the molded article produced, the damp However, fibers are added to the preform binder prior to molding become. Dispersion adhesives and natural adhesives such as starch solutions or degraded and modified starch solutions, i.e. initially liquid ones Adhesives, especially when drying the initially over-moistened wood fibers at the contact points of the wood fibers concentrate with each other and this in addition to the shrinkage glue together, removing them by dehydration harden. By concentrating such adhesives on the The point of intersection of the individual fibers is the efficiency very large based on the amount of adhesive used. In particular, there is no adhesive in the free volume of the Shaped body or the preform on which it is based lost.
Bei einer konkreten Umsetzung des neuen Verfahrens wird der flüssige Klebstoff den feuchten Fasern vor dem Formen zu der Vorform in einem einem Refiner nachgeschalteten Blasrohr zugesetzt.With a concrete implementation of the new procedure, the liquid glue the moist fibers before forming them into the Preform in a blow pipe downstream of a refiner added.
Der Klebstoff wird, wie bereits angedeutet in flüssiger Form auf die feuchten Fasern aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise wird er auf die feuchten Fasern aufgesprüht. As already indicated, the adhesive is applied in liquid form the wet fibers applied. He is preferably on the sprayed on wet fibers.
Neben dem flüssigen Klebstoff oder auch bei der Herstellung von Formkörpern ohne Bindemittel können den feuchten Fasern vor dem Formen zu der Vorform ein brandhemmendes, ein fungizides und/oder ein hydrophobierendes Mittel zugesetzt werden, um mit diesen die Eigenschaften des hergestellten Formkörpers in gewünschter Weise einzustellen.In addition to the liquid adhesive or in the manufacture of Shaped bodies without binders can damp fibers before Forms to the preform a fire retardant, a fungicide and / or a hydrophobizing agent can be added to with this the properties of the molded body in set the desired way.
Der mit dem neuen Verfahren erreichbare Bereich der mittleren Rohdichte liegt bei 80 bis 300 kg/m3. Eingestellt wird die mittlere Rohdichte des Formkörpers beim Kalibrieren der Vorform aus den feuchten Fasern. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß die Vorform durch das Trocknen der zunächst gequollenen feuchten Fasern auch in ihren äußeren Abmessungen schrumpft. Das heißt beim Kalibrieren der Vorform aus den feuchten Fasern muß auf ein Übermaß kalibriert werden, das erst später beim Trocknen der Vorform auf das gewünschte Sollmaß zusammenschrumpft.The range of the average bulk density that can be achieved with the new process is 80 to 300 kg / m 3 . The average bulk density of the molded body is set when calibrating the preform from the moist fibers. It should be noted that the drying of the initially swollen moist fibers also shrinks their outer dimensions. This means that when the preform is calibrated from the moist fibers, it must be calibrated to an oversize, which only shrinks to the desired target size later when the preform dries.
Das Trocknen der Vorform aus den feuchten Fasern kann durch Durchströmung insbesondere mit Heißluft erreicht werden, die der Vorform die überschüssige Feuchtigkeit entzieht. Wärme zum Trocknen der Vorform kann der Vorform auch durch Kontaktbleche zugeführt werden. Diese Kontaktbleche sollten aber Durchbrechungen für die Abfuhr der verdampften Feuchtigkeit enthalten. Weiterhin ist zwar für einen guten Wärmeübergang von den Blechen auf die feuchte Vorform ein Andrücken der Bleche an die Vorform erforderlich. Dabei darf aber die Vorform nicht verformt werden, da anderenfalls das gewünschte Aneinanderfestschrumpfen der Fasern verhindert wird. Es spricht aber nichts dagegen, wenn nach dem Trocknen der Vorform zur Veredelung der Oberfläche des Formkörpers diese noch einmal angefeuchtet oder mit einer niedrig konzentrierten Bindemittellösung benetzt wird, um anschließend unter Hitzeeinwirkung geglättet zu werden.Drying of the preform from the wet fibers can be done by Flow can be achieved in particular with hot air, which the Preform that extracts excess moisture. Heat to The preform can also be dried by contact plates be fed. However, these contact plates should have openings included for the removal of the evaporated moisture. Furthermore, it is for a good heat transfer from the sheets pressing the sheets onto the preform on the wet preform required. The preform must not be deformed, otherwise the desired shrinking of the Fibers is prevented. But there is nothing to be said against it after drying the preform to refine the surface of the Shaped body moistened again or with a low concentrated binder solution is wetted to then to be smoothed under the influence of heat.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert und beschrieben. Dabei zeigt die Figur ein stark vereinfachtes Übersichtsschaubild über den Ablauf der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte beim Herstellen einer Faserplatte als Formkörper auf der Basis von lignocellulosehaltigen Fasern.The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment explained and described in more detail. The figure shows a highly simplified overview diagram of the process of the individual process steps in the manufacture of a fiberboard as a molded article based on fibers containing lignocellulose.
In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt 1 werden Holzhackschnitzel 2
unter Zusatz von Wasser 3 thermisch aufgeschlossen und einer
mechanischen Zerkleinerung unter Druck- und Temperatureinwirkung
unterworfen. Anschließend erfolgt eine Zerfaserung in einem
Refiner 4. An den Refiner 4 schließt sich ein Blasrohr 5 an, in
welchem optional ein flüssiger und durch Wasserentzug härtender
Klebstoff 6 auf die feuchten Holzfasern aufgesprüht werden kann.
In einem Zyklon 7 wird dann überschüssiger Wasserdampf 8
abgeschieden. Eine thermische Trocknung der Holzfasern erfolgt
zunächst nicht. Die Holzfasern behalten eine leichte Überfeuchte.
Die feuchten Holzfasern 9 können aber auch direkt auf
ein Band 10 zu einer Vorform 11 gestreut werden, die bei
Faserplatten als Matte bezeichnet wird. Die Vorform 11 aus den
feuchten und ggf. mit Klebstoff 6 versetzten Holzfasern 9 wird
zunächst kalibriert, was durch ein Walzenpaar 12 angedeutet ist.
Anschließend erfolgt eine Trocknung der kalibrierten Vorform 11
durch Durchströmung mit Heißluft 13, die die Feuchtigkeit 14 aus
der Vorform 11 abführt. Beim Trocknen der Vorform 11 schrumpfen
die einzelnen Holzfasern ggf. unter zusätzlicher Verklebung
durch den Klebstoff 6 aneinander fest. Hierbei nehmen auch die
äußeren Abmessungen der Vorform 11 noch ab, so daß die durch das
Walzenpaar 12 eingestellte Dicke der Vorform 11 größer sein muß
als die Solidicke einer späteren Faserplatte 15, die nach dem
Trocknen von dem Endlosstrang der Vorform 11 abtrennbar ist. Es
versteht sich, daß das Band 10, welches hier über zwei Rollen 16
umlaufend ausgebildet ist, Durchbrechungen aufweisen muß, um die
Durchströmung mit der Heißluft 13 zu ermöglichen. Die Vorform 11
kann auch an ihrer Oberseite durch ein weiteres Band 16 mit
Durchbrechungen geführt sein. Die Bänder 16 können zudem beheizt
sein, um auch durch Kontakt Wärme auf die Vorform 11 zu übertragen,
damit ihre Trocknung beschleunigt wird. Die mittlere
Rohdichte der fertigen Faserplatte 15 liegt typischerweise
zwischen 100 und 200 kg/m3. Als Ausgangsmaterial neben Holzhackschnitzeln
2, die zu einer Holzfaserplatte führen, können
alle anderen Materialien verwendet werden, die aus lignocellulosehaltigen
Fasern aufgebaut sind. Anwendung kann die Faserplatte
15 insbesondere als Dämmaterial erfahren. Sie kann aber
bei geringer Beanspruchung auch als Konstruktionselement eingesetzt
werden. Als Dämmaterial kommen sowohl Anwendungen zur
Wärmedämmung als auch zur Trittschalldämmung in Frage.In a
Andere Formkörper auf der Basis von lignocellulosehaltigen Fasern als Faserplatten können in entsprechender Weise hergestellt werden. Dies gilt auch für dreidimensional strukturierte Formkörper. Sie sind bei Verwendung von natürlichen Fasern und eines biologisch abbaubaren Klebstoffs, beispielsweise einer Stärkelösung, als biologisch abbaubare Verpackungsmaterialien einsetzbar. Other moldings based on lignocellulose Fibers as fiberboard can be used in a corresponding manner getting produced. This also applies to three-dimensional structured moldings. You are using natural fibers and a biodegradable adhesive, for example a starch solution, as biodegradable Packaging materials can be used.
- 11
- - Schritt- step
- 22nd
- - Holzhackschnitzel- Wood chips
- 33rd
- - Wasser- Water
- 44th
- - Refiner- Refiner
- 55
- - Blasrohr- blowpipe
- 66
- - Klebstoff- glue
- 77
- - Zyklon- cyclone
- 88th
- - Wasserdampf- Steam
- 99
- - Fasern- fibers
- 1010th
- - Band- Tape
- 1111
- - Vorform- preform
- 1212th
- - Walzenpaar- pair of rollers
- 1313
- - Heißluft- hot air
- 1414
- - Feuchtigkeit- Humidity
- 1515
- - Faserplatte- fiberboard
- 1616
- - Rolle- role
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924977 | 1999-05-31 | ||
| DE19924977 | 1999-05-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1059152A1 true EP1059152A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| EP1059152B1 EP1059152B1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
Family
ID=7909815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00110686A Expired - Lifetime EP1059152B1 (en) | 1999-05-31 | 2000-05-19 | Process for producing a workpiece from cellulose fibers, especially in the form of a fibre board |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1059152B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE353745T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50014048D1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB809332A (en) * | 1954-07-02 | 1959-02-25 | Elmendorf Armin | Improvements in ligno-cellulosic fibre-board |
| GB1006293A (en) * | 1961-06-22 | 1965-09-29 | Johns Manville | Manufacture of wood fiberboard |
| JPS5735100A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1982-02-25 | Daiken Trade & Industry | Production of fiberboard |
| US4417931A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-11-29 | Cip, Inc. | Wet compaction of low density air laid webs after binder application |
| DE19600478A1 (en) * | 1996-01-09 | 1997-08-07 | Glunz Ag | Production of formaldehyde-free, light, medium density fibreboard |
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 DE DE50014048T patent/DE50014048D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 EP EP00110686A patent/EP1059152B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 AT AT00110686T patent/ATE353745T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB809332A (en) * | 1954-07-02 | 1959-02-25 | Elmendorf Armin | Improvements in ligno-cellulosic fibre-board |
| GB1006293A (en) * | 1961-06-22 | 1965-09-29 | Johns Manville | Manufacture of wood fiberboard |
| JPS5735100A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1982-02-25 | Daiken Trade & Industry | Production of fiberboard |
| US4417931A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-11-29 | Cip, Inc. | Wet compaction of low density air laid webs after binder application |
| DE19600478A1 (en) * | 1996-01-09 | 1997-08-07 | Glunz Ag | Production of formaldehyde-free, light, medium density fibreboard |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198528, Derwent World Patents Index; Class F09, AN 1985-169717, XP002146561 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50014048D1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| ATE353745T1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
| EP1059152B1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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