EP1058214A1 - Verfahren zur bidirektionalen Datenübertragung und System zur Ausführung derselben - Google Patents

Verfahren zur bidirektionalen Datenübertragung und System zur Ausführung derselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1058214A1
EP1058214A1 EP00401524A EP00401524A EP1058214A1 EP 1058214 A1 EP1058214 A1 EP 1058214A1 EP 00401524 A EP00401524 A EP 00401524A EP 00401524 A EP00401524 A EP 00401524A EP 1058214 A1 EP1058214 A1 EP 1058214A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
identifier
recognition device
exchange
pulse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00401524A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Avenel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS filed Critical Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
Publication of EP1058214A1 publication Critical patent/EP1058214A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G07C2009/00555—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
    • G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmission method bidirectional data and a system for its implementation.
  • an access system for example of the so-called “hands” type free ", allowing access to an enclosed space, in particular to a vehicle automotive
  • a method is used to establish a remote exchange data between a space-based recognition device closed and an identifier intended to be worn by a user, access only authorized when the recognition device has authenticated the identifier.
  • an access system runs the risk of being hacked by a set of transceivers interposed in the wireless communication between the recognition device and the identifier, this set of transmission / reception serving, in fact, only repeater.
  • a first criminal equipped with a transmission / reception system installed for example in a satchel, approaches the closed vehicle that comes to leave an authorized user, while a second criminal, equipped a transceiver system similar to that of the first perpetrator, follows the authorized user carrying the identifier.
  • the first criminal triggers an identification operation, for example by pressing a control button located on the door.
  • Signals from the recognition device are relayed by the transmission-reception system from the first criminal to the system of the second criminal, which repeats the signals from the recognition device to the identifier.
  • the latter will then respond with the authorized code, which is retransmitted by the repeater system to the recognition device which controls the unlocking of the locks and gives access to the criminal.
  • the principle of the invention consists in analyzing the delay time between the signal emitted by the recognition device and the signal returned by the identifier. More the finer this measurement, the greater the possibility of detect small parasitic delays. In addition, the fineness of the measure will be all the better as the frequency used for communication round trip will be great because the delay constants due to the different filters and processing circuits will be weaker. Since we wish to prohibit access to the vehicle, when the transmission bidirectional takes place at a distance greater than about five to ten meters, it would be necessary to be able to measure a variation of communication time of the order of 200 to 300 ns, this delay time corresponding to the signal transmission time depending on the distance separating the recognition device from the identifier.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method of bidirectional data transmission, in which it is possible to detect a small delay time, depending on the distance separating the identifier of the recognition device.
  • the invention relates to a method of bidirectional data transmission, in an access system, by example of the so-called "hands-free" type, allowing access to an enclosed space, in particular to a motor vehicle, the method consisting in establishing remote data exchange between a recognition device installed in the enclosed space and an identifier intended to be carried by a user, access is only authorized when the recognition has authenticated the identifier, characterized in that it consists in establishing a data exchange at the same radio frequency, called RF exchange, for example at 315, 434 or 868 MHz, between the recognition device and identifier, and to be delayed, during this exchange, the transmission of a response signal by the identifier to the device for recognizing a predetermined duration, for example 0.8 ⁇ s, compared to reception by signal identifier of interrogation issued by the recognition device, so that neither the recognition device and identifier work simultaneously in transmission and reception at said exchange RF.
  • RF exchange radio frequency
  • the signal emitted by the recognition device would be picked up by the identifier, amplified, then retransmitted directly to the recognition device, this re-emitted signal being picked up again by the receiving antenna the identifier, by electromagnetic radiation, generating a oscillation generally at the center frequency of the bandpass filter in head of the amplifier amplification circuit.
  • This problem of oscillation of the identifier comes from the fact that it works as a repeater, and not simply as a reflector of the wave emitted by the vehicle.
  • the method may include, at the level of the identifier, the following steps which consist in: amplifying the signal received, delaying said amplified received signal by said duration predetermined, to detect the end of each pulse of the received signal amplified, deactivate receiver amplification and activate amplification of the transmitter of the identifier after the detection of the end of each pulse, to amplify the delayed signal to re-emit it to the recognition device, to deactivate the amplification of the transmitter and activate the amplification of the receiver of the identifier, end of a given time delay, for example of the order of 5 ⁇ s, at count from the detection of the end of each pulse.
  • the method consists, at the level of the device of recognition, to transmit said pulsating oscillating signal to the RF exchange: to generate an oscillating signal at a radio frequency of Fo reference significantly different from the exchange RF, to be generated a continuous pulsed signal known as the first control signal having the same recurrence period and the same duration of signal pulses oscillating pulsed above, to supply a frequency divider by N by said first control signal, to be entered into said divider said oscillating signal for outputting a pulsating oscillating signal having a frequency Fo / N, to mix said oscillating signal pulsed with Fo / N with said signal oscillating at Fo, filtering the outgoing mixed signal to center it on the frequency Fo + Fo / N, said central frequency corresponding to the exchange RF, and to send to the identifier said filtered mixed signal.
  • the frequency of reference of the oscillating signal is not the exchange RF, because otherwise, the presence of a permanent oscillator near the reception of the recognition device would have the effect of saturating the receiving circuit which is intended to receive a response signal to this same frequency.
  • the saturation of the reception circuit at reference oscillation frequency can be achieved by radiation and electrical conduction through the earths of the device, even if the oscillator is shielded against electromagnetic interference. Since the remote data exchange takes place at the same RF exchange, it is necessary that this signal be transmitted with a high accuracy, for example with a maximum variation of +/- 150 KHz. To obtain such precision, resonators can be used so-called surface wave, whose start-up time is very long, by example about 10 ⁇ s.
  • the receiving circuit would be saturated at the oscillation frequency of the oscillator, during a duration of approximately 2 ⁇ s, which would prevent the receiving circuit from recognition device to receive the signal returned by the identifier, with an overall delay of approximately 1 ⁇ s.
  • the method consists in switching the recognition device on its transmission circuit or its reception, in response to the first command signal, the recognition switching on the transmission circuit during each pulse of the first control signal and on the reception circuit between the pulses of said first control signal.
  • the method consists, at the level of the recognition device, in receiving the signal oscillating pulsed delayed and reissued by the identifier, to mix it with said signal oscillating at Fo, to filter the signal thus mixed leaving for center it on the frequency Fo / N, to detect the signal envelope as well filtered, to measure the time interval between the rising edge of each pulse of the first control signal and the rising edge of each pulse of the envelope signal detected, to compare this time measurement with an initially memorized delay value, by example of the order of 1 ⁇ s, which is learned by the system, so prevent the exchange of identification data if the statistical difference on several pulses between the measured time and the stored time, is greater than a predetermined threshold value, for example 200 ns, in order to secure the transmission beyond a predetermined distance, for example 5 to 10 meters, in particular to avoid hacking by interposition of an unauthorized repeater between the recognition and identifier.
  • a predetermined threshold value for example 200 ns
  • the method may consist, at the level of recognition device, for receiving the signal retransmitted by the identifier, to generate a continuous pulsed observation signal, the pulse duration, for example 400 ns, corresponds to a window listening, with the same recurrence period as the first signal command, said window being centered on the delay value initially memorized, and detecting the possible rising edge of a envelope signal pulse detected during each window listening.
  • the predetermined threshold value corresponds to half of a listening window, for example approximately 200 ns.
  • the method consists, at the recognition device, for signal reception re-issued by the identifier, to generate a second continuous pulsed signal command, each pulse of which begins at the end of each first control signal pulse and ends after a duration less than the recurrence period of the first signal control, said second control signal serving to supply the recognition device receiving mixer.
  • the method may consist, at the identifier level, of inhibit the re-emission of certain pulses in a sequence predetermined, previously transmitted by the recognition, and, at the level of the recognition device, to measure the time interval for the pulses received during the listening windows corresponding to uninhibited pulses, and to count the number of pulses possibly received during the listening windows corresponding to the inhibited pulses, in order to detect the possible presence of an unauthorized repeater nearby of the recognition device, at a distance below the limit maximum allowed.
  • the method can consist, at the level of the identifier, to cut the delayed signal before its retransmission, according to the binary value of the bits of a coded identification signal previously transmitted by the recognition device.
  • the invention also relates to a transmission system bidirectional data for the implementation of the method such as previously defined, characterized in that it comprises a device recognition installed in the confined space, including a circuit radio frequency transmission, a radio frequency reception circuit, which are both connected to the same first antenna, via a two-way switch, an identifier intended to be worn by a user, comprising a radiofrequency transmitter and a receiver radio frequencies, both of which are connected to the same second antenna, via a second two-way switch, and a delay means interposed between the output of the receiver and the input of the transmitter of the identifier, to delay the retransmission of the signal by the identifier to the same exchange RF as the transmission of the signal by the recognition device, of a predetermined duration to avoid any overlap between the signals received and transmitted by the identifier or the recognition system.
  • a device recognition installed in the confined space, including a circuit radio frequency transmission, a radio frequency reception circuit, which are both connected to the same first antenna, via a two-way switch, an identifier
  • the circuit of the recognition device comprises an oscillator with reference frequency Fo which is intended to deliver an output signal oscillating at said reference frequency, said output signal being supplied in parallel to a frequency divider by N and to a mixer, said divider being intended to be supplied by a first signal continuous pulsed control delivered by a central management unit, the divider output terminal being connected to another input of the mixer, the mixer being connected at its output to an amplifier power gain transmission, the output of which is connected to a first so-called transmission terminal of the first switch of the recognition.
  • the first switch has a third common terminal connected in series to a filter bandpass centered on the exchange RF and at said first antenna, the switch being controlled by said first control signal.
  • the central processing unit management is able to generate a second pulsed control signal continuous whose pulses are alternated with those of the first signal control, to control the power supply to the preamplifier, amplifier and mixer of the receiving device circuit recognition.
  • the means self-timer has a delay line, consisting for example of surface wave components.
  • Surface wave components use the acoustic propagation of electromagnetic waves on a quartz bar, the propagation speed being around 300 m / s.
  • the signal can be memorized using a calibrated RC circuit, then reshaped and regenerated using an assembly analogous to the transmission circuit of the recognition device, in order to avoid saturation of the receiver the identifier.
  • the on-board recognition device on a vehicle has a central management unit 1 for control a transmission circuit E and a reception circuit R, which , are both connected to the same transmitting / receiving antenna 2.
  • the transmission circuit E comprises an oscillator 3 with a fixed frequency Fo, for example around 386 MHz.
  • the output of the oscillator 3 is connected, in parallel, to an input terminal of a frequency mixer 4, and to the input terminal of a frequency divider 5.
  • the power supply of the divider 5 is controlled by a first control signal V1 which is generated by a pulse generator integrated in the central management unit 1.
  • This pulse generator delivers a DC voltage, in the form of slots, the duration of each pulse I1 being l 'order of 500 ns and the time interval between two pulses being of the order of 50 ⁇ s.
  • the divider 5 When the power supply of the divider 5 is cut, it delivers a zero output signal. On the other hand, when the divider 5 is supplied, it delivers at output a pulsating oscillating signal, whose carrier frequency is equal to Fo / N, that is to say approximately 48 MHz, when the divisor number N is equal to 8, and whose value is zero between each pulse.
  • the output of the divider 5 is connected to the other input terminal of the above-mentioned frequency mixer 4.
  • the mixer 4 is very broadband and summes the spectrum received from the divider 5, with the oscillating signal coming from the oscillator 3, in order to output a pulsed oscillating signal having as carrier frequency the sum Fo + Fo / N which corresponds to the exchange RF, ie approximately 434 MHz.
  • the output of the mixer 4 is connected to the input of a power gain transmission amplifier 6, the output of which is connected to a first so-called transmission terminal 7 a , of a two-way switch 7.
  • the transmission circuit E consists of the above elements 3 to 6.
  • the switch 7 is connected by a second terminal 7 b called reception to the reception circuit R.
  • a third common terminal 7 c of the switch 7 is connected to a bandpass filter 8, broadband, centered on the exchange RF , i.e. at Fo + Fo / N.
  • This filter 8 is connected in series to the above-mentioned antenna 2.
  • the position of the switch 7 is controlled by the first control signal V1 generated by the central management unit 1, via a link 9.
  • the switch 7 can take two positions: one establishes a link between the first terminal 7 a and the common terminal 7 c , as shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, for switching the recognition device to the transmission circuit E; the other position shown in dotted lines establishes a connection between the common terminal 7 c and the second terminal 7 b , to switch the recognition device to the reception circuit R.
  • the switch 7 switches to its transmitting position when the signal V1 generates the pulses I1, and switches to its receiving position, when the signal V1 is between the pulses I1.
  • the reception circuit R comprises a low noise preamplifier 10, the input of which is connected to the second terminal 7b of the aforementioned switch 7.
  • the output of the preamplifier 10 is connected to an input of a second frequency mixer 11 which receives on its other input the signal oscillating at the frequency Fo coming from the oscillator 3 of the transmission circuit E.
  • the output signal from the mixer 11 is supplied to a bandpass filter 12, centered on the frequency Fo / N.
  • the filter 12 is connected in series successively to a power gain amplifier 13 and to an envelope detector 14.
  • the output signal from the envelope detector 14 is a DC voltage V2, in the form of slots, whose pulses I2 are offset in time with respect to the pulses I1, by a delay T as a function of the distance between the recognition device and the identifier and of the time specific to their electronic circuits (see FIG. 3).
  • This signal V2 is supplied to the central management unit 1 which includes a microprocessor for measuring the time interval T between a transmitted pulse I1 and a received pulse I2.
  • the central management unit 1 is capable of delivering a second control signal V3 which consists of a voltage continues, in the form of slots, each pulse I3 of the signal V3 having a rising edge which coincides with the falling edge of a associated I1 pulse, the end of the I3 pulse occurring before the front amount of the next pulse I1 of the first control signal V1.
  • the signal V3 is intended to control by line 15 the supply of the preamplifier 10, mixer 11 and amplifier 13.
  • the duration of each I3 pulse is long enough to allow reception of the signal by the identifier, its processing by the identifier, its return from the identifier to the recognition device, and the reception of the signal by the recognition device.
  • the central management unit 1 To measure whether the above time interval T corresponds at a normal delay, the central management unit 1 generates a signal observation V4 which consists of a DC voltage, in the form of niche, of which each pulse I4 corresponds to a window listening time of which is around 400 ns, and whose center corresponds to the predetermined average delay time which is for example on the order of 1 ⁇ s.
  • V4 a signal observation
  • the unit control center observes whether a rising edge of an I2 pulse from the V2 signal is detected. If such a rising edge is detected during a listening window I4, the microprocessor validates the correct delay and the stores in an incremental variable.
  • the identifier comprises a single transmitting / receiving antenna 21 which is connected in series successively to a bandpass filter 22 centered on the exchange RF, and to the common terminal 23 has a two-way switch 23.
  • the switch 23 can take two positions: a first position shown in solid lines in Figure 2, for which the common terminal 23 a is connected to a terminal 23 b called reception; a second position shown in dotted lines, for which a third so-called transmission terminal 23 c is connected to the common terminal 23 a .
  • the position of the switch 3 is controlled by a central control unit 24, thanks to a link 25 at the output of this unit 24.
  • the reception terminal 23 b is connected to the input of a reception amplifier 26 with power gain, the output of this reception amplifier 26 being connected, on the one hand, to an analog delay line 27, and d on the other hand, to a level detector 28.
  • the delay line 27 is intended to output the signal received with a predetermined delay ⁇ , for example of the order of 800 ns. In this case, if the duration of a pulse I1 is 500 ns, this same pulse will be retransmitted about 300 ns after the end of reception of this pulse.
  • the output of the delay line 27 is connected to the input of a transmission amplifier 29, the output of which is connected to the transmission terminal 23 c of the switch 23, by means of a cutter 30.
  • the delay line 27 delivers to the amplifier 29, of which the power supply was previously activated, the signal with a delay ⁇ .
  • Each pulse of the signal thus delayed is re-emitted by the identifier, if the cutter 30 closes the transmission circuit.
  • the opening sequence and closing the cutter 30 is determined by a sequence known by both the identifier and the recognition device. This sequence can correspond to the identification code specific to each vehicle, this identification code being transmitted by the device of recognition to the identifier, at the start of each interrogation.
  • the central control unit 24 will control both the switching switch 23 to its receiving position illustrated in solid lines in FIG. 2, the deactivation of the supply of the emission amplifier 29 and the activation of the supply of the reception amplifier 26, at the end of a time delay predetermined, for example of the order of 5 ⁇ s, which is initialized by the detection of the end of each pulse, by the level detector 28. So the identifier is ready to process the next signal pulse resignation.
  • the central management unit 1 switches the switch 7 towards its position in solid line in FIG. 1.
  • the recognition device transmits, via antenna 2, a signal oscillating pulsed, whose carrier frequency corresponds to the exchange radio frequency, and whose signal envelope corresponds to signal V1.
  • This interrogation signal is received by the identifier whose switch 23 is switched to the position shown in solid lines on Figure 2, to receive the identification signal.
  • this code is stored in the unit control unit 24, so that the cutter can be controlled 30.
  • the identifier After a delay time ⁇ , the identifier retransmits the signal, at the same carrier frequency, whose envelope corresponds to signal V2, with certain pulses I2 'having been obscured, in accordance with the bit sequence of identification code B.
  • the response signal sent by the identifier is received by the recognition device which has meanwhile switched the switch 7 to the reception circuit R.
  • the signal thus received by the recognition device is processed in the reception circuit R, in order to deliver the signal V2 to the central management unit 1. If the signal went through an authorized identifier, located at a distance less than a predetermined vehicle limit, the correct delay time is around 1 ⁇ s.
  • the pulse I2 of the signal V2 has an edge amount located in a listening window I4 centered on the average delay 1 ⁇ s, with a margin of error of +/- 200 ns.
  • the recognition device knows it should not receive a pulse in the response signal, when the pulse corresponds to an equal bit to 0 of the identification code.
  • the proposed system makes it possible to secure a bidirectional radio frequency transmission by detecting the presence relay transmitter between the vehicle identification circuit and the badge integrating the identifier, using it as a partial repeater of the identification signal, and by prohibiting access to the vehicle or confined space, when such relay transmitters are detected due too long a delay or the receipt of an impulse to be obscured according to the vehicle identification code.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
EP00401524A 1999-06-01 2000-05-30 Verfahren zur bidirektionalen Datenübertragung und System zur Ausführung derselben Withdrawn EP1058214A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9906863A FR2794603B1 (fr) 1999-06-01 1999-06-01 Procede de transmission bidirectionnelle de donnees, et systeme pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR9906863 1999-06-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1058214A1 true EP1058214A1 (de) 2000-12-06

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EP00401524A Withdrawn EP1058214A1 (de) 1999-06-01 2000-05-30 Verfahren zur bidirektionalen Datenübertragung und System zur Ausführung derselben

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Country Link
US (1) US6657536B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1058214A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001057691A (de)
FR (1) FR2794603B1 (de)

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WO2006127441A3 (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-01-18 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corp Signal sensitivity control during passive authentication
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DE10255880A1 (de) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-09 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Elektronisches Kommunikationssystem und Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Relais-Attacke auf dasselbe
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US7346311B1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2008-03-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The National Security Agency Single frequency repeater
DE102005032379A1 (de) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Zugangskontrollsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US8274440B2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2012-09-25 Flextronics Automotive Inc. Antenna and splitter for receiving radio and remote keyless entry signals
FR2921958B1 (fr) * 2007-10-03 2011-12-02 Valeo Securite Habitacle Dispositif de detection de presence d'un utilisateur par un vehicule
JP6134682B2 (ja) * 2014-03-27 2017-05-24 オムロンオートモーティブエレクトロニクス株式会社 携帯機および車両用制御システム

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FR2794603B1 (fr) 2001-09-07
US6657536B1 (en) 2003-12-02
FR2794603A1 (fr) 2000-12-08

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