EP1052471B1 - Fragmentation type projectile in which the fragments are created by a hollow charge effect - Google Patents

Fragmentation type projectile in which the fragments are created by a hollow charge effect Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1052471B1
EP1052471B1 EP20000401293 EP00401293A EP1052471B1 EP 1052471 B1 EP1052471 B1 EP 1052471B1 EP 20000401293 EP20000401293 EP 20000401293 EP 00401293 A EP00401293 A EP 00401293A EP 1052471 B1 EP1052471 B1 EP 1052471B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
wall
round according
dimples
round
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20000401293
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1052471A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Casenave
Frédéric TEILHOL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Original Assignee
Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA filed Critical Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Publication of EP1052471A1 publication Critical patent/EP1052471A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1052471B1 publication Critical patent/EP1052471B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to explosive ammunition generating bursts.
  • bursts such as hand grenades, of the offensive or defensive type, or again for example rifle grenades.
  • These munitions typically include an explosive charge, a head of ignition, and a casing generating fragments, which is generally metallic and which surrounds at least part of the explosive charge.
  • the firing head is usually part of a set called an igniter or initiator plug which is intended to trigger the explosion of the ammunition a few seconds after that a pin has been removed from this plug.
  • explosive ordnance have been proposed, including explosive charges of various powers. Around the explosive charge, we proposed to place different walls, such as pre-fragmented metal shells or plastic envelopes in which are drowned out of preformed flakes of various geometries, such as for example metal balls.
  • Known explosive ordnance is generally aimed at obtaining a high efficiency in the target.
  • the proposed ammunition thus aims generally to propel shards in large numbers and with great kinetic energy.
  • a hand grenade comprising two shine-generating layers surrounding a charge main, each with conical or shaped contours fingerprints (for example of points) of low mass.
  • the different grenade with multiple metallic layers allow certainly to achieve a high density of projectiles in an area surrounding the explosion point, but they do not control the radius of the grenade. For most of them, high energy are found at very high rays, which is dangerous for the user.
  • Such a grenade therefore does not provide both efficiency suitable at short distance and a harmless effect beyond a distance of security of about thirty meters.
  • the grenade proposed in FR 2 536 164 certainly with imprints entering the explosive, makes use of these imprints for cut out the external chip-generating wall.
  • the division remains random and does not allow a control of the behavior of the flakes.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide ammunition explosive does not have these various drawbacks, that is to say a ammunition which allows both to guarantee a high efficiency in the target within a given first radius, and both guarantee security, therefore the absence of projection of shards at high speed, beyond a second given radius which is greater than the first.
  • an explosive munition at explosive shrapnel comprising a firing head, a charge explosive, a part generating fragments, and a wall in contact with the explosive which includes a set of concave caps extending towards the inside of the munition, characterized in that each of these fingerprints presents a geometry adapted to constitute with the explosive charge at its contact a charge formed of the hollow charge or generating charge type nucleus, and in that the splinter-generating part is formed by a single wall, which is that which is in contact with the explosive.
  • the concave caps constituting imprints are in the form of cones with rounded tip or similar spherical caps.
  • Figure 1 shows a hand grenade body, comprising a casing generating fragments formed by explosive 7 and an explosive charge 4.
  • This grenade body also has a cavity adapted to receive a detonator or an igniter plug.
  • the igniter plug has not been shown in FIG. 1. according to the invention use any type of conventional igniter plug, suitable for initiate a charge of 90g of explosive substance such as tolite.
  • a classic initiator comprising a charge of 1.6 to 2 grams of pentrite for example will be perfectly suited to initiate the grenade body which will be described below.
  • the pomegranate body of Figure 1 has a general shape ovoid slightly elongated along a vertical axis X.
  • the grenade body has two opposite ends forming each a plate perpendicular to the X axis.
  • a lower plate forms a base for placing the grenade in an upright position, and a tray upper is suitable for fixing the igniter plug.
  • the upper plate is thus provided in its center with a threaded orifice 3 constituting the entry of the cavity previously mentioned, adapted to receive part of the igniter plug inside the body of the grenade.
  • This cavity forms a passage which extends into the grenade parallel to the X axis, over a length substantially three-quarters equal the height of the grenade.
  • the pomegranate body is made up of three main elements, which are a protective and protective envelope 1 made of plastic, a metal casing 7 generating shards, and an explosive charge 4.
  • the casing 1 surrounds the entire body of the grenade. She is consisting here of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene known under the name ABS. It advantageously has a thickness of between 2 and 3.4 mm.
  • the plastic envelope 1 is made up of three parts: a half-shell upper 9, a lower half-shell 10, and a plug 2.
  • a first part 9 substantially forms a hemispherical wall, constituting an upper half-shell of the envelope 1.
  • the wall forming this hemisphere has at its center the orifice 3 forming an inlet of the receiving passage of the igniter plug.
  • On orifice 3 thus opens a cylindrical sleeve 6 molded with the hemisphere 9, and extending inside the hemisphere 9, constituting the receiving passage of the igniter plug.
  • This cylindrical sleeve 6 has the same axis of revolution X as the hemisphere 9.
  • This first half-shell 9 is fixed to a second half-shell 10 also having a central orifice 8.
  • a plastic plug 2 forming the lower base of the pomegranate body.
  • the plug 2 has a concave upper face 5 suitable for internally extend the second half-shell 10 continuously.
  • the grenade therefore has an inner surface which is ovoid and continuous, showing no detachment except in contact with the sleeve 6.
  • This concave and oval interior surface is, in accordance with the invention, covered internally with the grenade body by a metal casing 7 generating shards.
  • the metal envelope 7 therefore forms an ovoid wall which surrounds almost entirely an interior space of the grenade body.
  • the envelope metallic 7 therefore has the shape of an eggshell in which made an upper opening.
  • This upper opening is crossed by the sleeve 6, and has a periphery which is complementary to the contour of the sleeve 6.
  • the metal casing 7 is consisting of two parts joined together so as to form a continuous surface. A first of these two parts completely covers the concave upper surface of the plug 2, and is limited to this surface.
  • a second part covers the rest of the interior ovoid surface of the plastic envelope 1, i.e. the oval interior surface materialized by the lower and upper half-shells.
  • the envelope 7 is, according to one embodiment of the invention, fixed by fitting inside the plastic casing 1.
  • the wall covering the plug 2 is integral with this same plug, so that when the plug is removed from the rest of the plastic body 1, the wall metal covering this cap is also removed. Pomegranate body can thus be filled with explosive substance through the lower orifice which is thus discovered.
  • the envelope 7 comprises two half-shells complementary to the interior of each of the two half-shells of the plastic envelope 1.
  • This arrangement allows easy assembly of the body pomegranate. Indeed, each half-shell of the plastic envelope is in first covered internally by one of the two half-shells metallic, so that two metal / plastic half-shells are obtained. These two metal / plastic half-shells are then assembled edge to edge.
  • the wall 7 is formed of a multitude of small cavities or indentations formed by the metal wall 7. These cavities each have a concave shape opposite with inside the grenade. More specifically, according to Figure 1, these forms concaves consist of a cone whose top is directed inward pomegranate.
  • the wall 7 presents at all points, whether at a vertex or at the base of an imprint, a constant thickness.
  • Each cone or imprint has a classically defined base as being a contour line belonging to the cone and whose diameter or the width is maximum, this width being measured tangentially to envelope 7.
  • Each cone or imprint is, by the contour formed by its base, rigidly attached to the cones or imprints adjacent to it.
  • the only separation within the wall 7 corresponds to a circular separation between the wall covering the plug 2 and the wall covering the rest of the inner surface of the body plastic 1.
  • these two walls of the envelope 7 can be produced under their final shape directly during molding, or else be shaped by stamping.
  • the wall 7 forms approximately 800 cones or imprints pointing towards the interior of the grenade.
  • the grenade is filled with an explosive substance in a space which is delimited on the one hand by the metallic envelope 7 and on the other hand by the sleeve outline 6.
  • the explosive substance is in direct contact with the metal casing 7 so that the casing 7 is taken in sandwich between this explosive substance 4 and the plastic envelope 1.
  • the role of the plastic envelope is not only to to guarantee the watertightness of the grenade body, but also, by its rigidity, to produce mechanical maintenance of the metal casing 7, maintenance of the igniter plug inside the metallic casing 7, and a protection of the metal casing 7 against shocks.
  • the shock wave therefore approaches the metal envelope in a direction propagation perpendicular to it, so that the front of the wave of shock extends parallel to the local metal wall.
  • the inventors have discovered that for particular dimensions of the concave caps 11 delimiting the explosive charge, we obtain at each shell a load / shell combination forming a mini load formed, of hollow charge type or preferably of charge type nucleus generator.
  • This microprojectile is particularly effective at short distances.
  • this microprojectile is propelled in a precise direction, defined by the main direction of the cap 11, so that the direction microprojectile is therefore perfectly under control.
  • the microprojectile of charge formed does not produce an effect. undesirable beyond a chosen safety distance.
  • the energy released by the charge formed essentially resides in the very high speed of the microprojectile, and little in the mass inertia of the microprojectile, which is very weak. Therefore, this energy dissipates very quickly during distance to the point of explosion, unlike grenades known which release the energy produced essentially by the propulsion heavy flakes at low speeds compared to those obtained here with a charge effect formed.
  • the explosive fragments generated by the prior art grenades by inertia keep a high kinetic energy on very long distances, while the fragments formed by explosives generated here are very light and very fast, so their kinetic energy very high at the start by the effect of charge formed decreases very quickly in because of their low mass.
  • the most useful part of the explosive for training and microprojectile propulsion is that which surrounds the cone.
  • the central part explosive can thus be modified without inducing a net modification of the behavior of the ammunition, subject to modifying neither the form of the detonation wave significantly nor the capacity of the explosive device to transmit the detonation wave to areas surrounding the footprints 11.
  • the imprints 11 When subjected to the shock wave, the imprints 11 are separate from each other and therefore each behaves like a independent impact.
  • the mass of the projectiles is therefore perfectly predetermined and their controlled kinetics.
  • the inventors were also able to discover that by precisely adapting certain dimensional parameters defining the geometry of the cones or footprints, the projectiles resulting from these cones or footprints do not produce no more efficiency in the target beyond a chosen radius around the point explosion, while having significant efficiency at a short distance from the point explosion.
  • the angular opening i.e. the angle measured between two generating the imprint, is referenced ⁇ in Figure 2.
  • the width of the footprint base, measured tangentially to a average surface of the envelope 7, is referenced L.
  • the thickness of the conical wall is referenced E.
  • the imprints are made of copper and are formed with a wall thickness between 0.5 and 0.8 mm.
  • the imprints can be replaced keeping the charge effect formed by pyramids or more generally by concave wall portions each forming a footprint with the apex directed towards the interior of the grenade.
  • a concave wall forming a cap As in the case of a cone, a distinction is made on a concave wall forming a cap, a wall thickness E, an angular opening ⁇ , and a base width L.
  • the inventors have found that the parameters ⁇ and L can be adapted to ensure that explosive shards are not more effective beyond 25 m.
  • the inventors have been able to observe that at equal values of ⁇ , L and E, the efficiency at 5m and the safety radius are of the same order for footprints and pyramids, but with an increase in efficiency in target with pyramids.
  • the fragments formed by explosive or impacts have a very high initial velocity and suffer a high loss of energy during their trajectory, so the efficiency of the grenade is particularly high at 5 m and almost non-existent beyond a radius 25 m.
  • the constituent material of wall 7 is standard annealed copper.
  • the invention is not not limited to a flake wall formed by copper explosive. Any wall in one material of density and ductility close to that of copper can be adopted with dimensions close to those mentioned above so as to obtain the combination of results described above.
  • the invention thus provides for replacing copper with aluminum.
  • Aluminum has the advantage of being cheaper than copper, but it is lighter, which has the effect of reducing the range of shards.
  • the base feeder L is 3 mm
  • the angular opening ⁇ is 120 degrees
  • the wall thickness E is 0.5 mm.
  • Such an imprint has a height or depth of approximately 1mm.
  • the inventors have discovered that by increasing the width L, we gets more energetic explosive shards with a longer range high, but a density of microprojectiles and associated nuclei which is lower in the sheaf because the number of fragments formed by explosive is itself weaker.
  • a diameter or a width of imprint L equal to 3 mm corresponds to a number of imprints substantially equal to 800 over the entire grenade and to 13 cones per cm 2 of metallic envelope.
  • a value of L of 4 mm corresponds to a number of imprints of approximately 550 and to 7 imprints per cm 2 .
  • a diameter L of approximately 5 mm corresponds to a number of imprints of approximately 350 and to 5 imprints per cm 2 .
  • the inventors have also discovered that the greater the angular opening a is closed, and the more energetic the microprojectile / nucleus combination. Of more, a more closed angular opening has the effect of reducing the range effective burst of explosives.
  • the plastic envelope under the effect of the explosion, does not generate any shine likely to influence the efficiency in the target. It only has a maintenance effect general of the grenade structure and impact protection.
  • this second wall 1 is chosen sufficiently flexible so as not to attenuate the energy released by the charges formed and firm enough to protect the splinter-generating wall 7 against ammunition transport shocks.
  • a explosive charge consisting of 90 grams of poured hexolite consisting of 60% hexogen and 40% tolite.
  • the hexolite used here is poured, we may also use a compressed explosive charge.
  • Hexocire is a mixture of 98% Hexogen and 2% wax promoting compression.
  • Tolite D is a type of tolite with a melting temperature of particularly high, which is one of the purest tolites.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plot representing the effectiveness of the sheaf of fragments formed by explosive generated as a function of the distance separating the grenade's explosion point and target, in the case of the grenade Figures 1 and 2.
  • This PMHC parameter is conventionally calculated from a number of perforations found in a fixed surface aluminum target placed at a distance d from the point of explosion, and facing the point of explosion.
  • the target is more precisely formed of three aluminum sheets each having a surface of 0.476 m 2 and placed one against the other. These three sheets have thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm respectively, and are placed so that the sheet of thickness 1.0 mm is sandwiched between the two sheets d 1.5 mm thick with a test space between the sheets 1 cm thick.
  • the target is placed at distance d from the ammunition. After explosion, the number of perforations in each of the three sheets is counted.
  • N1 being the density of flakes having passed through a single sheet
  • N2 being the density of flakes having passed through two sheets
  • N3 being the density of flakes having passed through three sheets.
  • a strictly zero PMHC value at a given distance corresponds to the fact that no splinter pierces any of the aluminum sheets to this distance.
  • a value of PMHC 0.5 at this distance is satisfactory, and in particular a PMHC greater than 0.4 to 5 meters.
  • the plot in Figure 3 shows that the grenade in Figures 1 and 2 is satisfactory in a radius between 0 and 6 meters, and that no burst of high energy is more present beyond 25 meters.
  • a grenade conforming to the invention generates a sheaf of splinters formed by explosive distribution particularly uniform angle around the point of explosion.
  • the grenade according to the invention makes it possible to obtain maximum efficiency at a few meters from the point of explosion, unlike the case of splinters classics, such as balls, with which the maximum energy is reached from the start of the flakes, the speed of the flake formed by explosive typically decreasing hyperbolically as a function of distance.
  • the inventors have found that the microprojectile or the dart separated from the rest of the metal wall 7 in the case of this invention is destabilized at a distance between 2 and 8 meters from the point of explosion, and separates into pieces after reaching its distance maximum efficiency.
  • the number of shards formed by explosive is rapidly multiplied over the course of these, compared to their theoretical number, which has the effect of keeping efficiency at a level raised over a distance greater than 5 meters.
  • the low mass of the luster formed by theoretical explosive i.e. the imprint 11 shown in Figure 2, the reduction of this imprint which still divides the mass of the individual fragments, and the large speed of the bursts, are three characteristics which induce a fall of energy considerable of the luster formed by individual explosive beyond about 8 meters.
  • the low mass of the explosive fragments makes the particularly light pomegranate. It therefore has the advantage of being able to be launched with great precision.
  • the geometric parameters ⁇ (or P), E and L can be modified by any facility without resizing other constituent parts of the grenade as the wall 7.
  • the grenade according to the invention is therefore particularly adaptable to various specifications.
  • the invention is not limited to the sole field of hand grenades, the arrangements described above may be adapted by a person skilled in the art to any type of explosive ammunition such as a rifle grenade for example.
  • the cap 11 illustrated in FIG. 2bis annexed has the form of a concave spherical shell concave towards the inside of the ammunition.
  • this cap 11 in the form of imitation spherical cap has a base width L of the order of 3 mm, a depth P of the order of 1.2 mm and a wall thickness E of the order of 0.6 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne les munitions explosives génératrices d'éclats comme par exemple des grenades à main, de type offensif ou défensif, ou encore par exemple des grenades à fusil.The invention relates to explosive ammunition generating bursts. such as hand grenades, of the offensive or defensive type, or again for example rifle grenades.

Ces munitions comportent typiquement une charge explosive, une tête de mise à feu, et une enveloppe génératrice d'éclats, qui est généralement métallique et qui entoure au moins une partie de la charge explosive.These munitions typically include an explosive charge, a head of ignition, and a casing generating fragments, which is generally metallic and which surrounds at least part of the explosive charge.

Dans le cas d'une grenade à main, la tête de mise à feu fait généralement partie d'un ensemble appelé bouchon allumeur ou initiateur qui est prévu pour déclencher l'explosion de la munition quelques secondes après qu'une goupille ait été ôtée de ce bouchon.In the case of a hand grenade, the firing head is usually part of a set called an igniter or initiator plug which is intended to trigger the explosion of the ammunition a few seconds after that a pin has been removed from this plug.

On a proposé de nombreuses munitions explosives, comportant des charges explosives de diverses puissances. Autour de la charge explosive, on a proposé de placer différentes parois, telles que des coques métalliques pré-fragmentées ou encore des enveloppes en matière plastique dans lesquelles sont noyés des éclats préformés de géométries diverses, comme par exemple des billes de métal.Many explosive ordnance have been proposed, including explosive charges of various powers. Around the explosive charge, we proposed to place different walls, such as pre-fragmented metal shells or plastic envelopes in which are drowned out of preformed flakes of various geometries, such as for example metal balls.

Les munitions explosives connues visent généralement à obtenir une efficacité élevée dans la cible. Les munitions proposées visent ainsi généralement à propulser les éclats en grand nombre et avec une grande énergie cinétique.Known explosive ordnance is generally aimed at obtaining a high efficiency in the target. The proposed ammunition thus aims generally to propel shards in large numbers and with great kinetic energy.

Ainsi, on a proposé dans le brevet DE 28 07 309 une grenade à main comportant deux couches génératrices d'éclats entourant une charge principale, présentant chacune des contours coniques ou en forme d'empreintes (par exemple de pointes) de faible masse.Thus, in patent DE 28 07 309, a hand grenade was proposed comprising two shine-generating layers surrounding a charge main, each with conical or shaped contours fingerprints (for example of points) of low mass.

Plus généralement, on a proposé de disposer deux couches métalliques autour de la charge, une couche interne formant des charges creuses avec l'explosif qui sont réparties pour découper et propulser la couche externe selon une fragmentation choisie. More generally, it has been proposed to have two metallic layers around the charge, an internal layer forming hollow charges with the explosive which are distributed to cut and propel the outer layer according to a chosen fragmentation.

Les différentes grenade à couches métalliques multiples permettent certes d'obtenir à l'explosion une densité élevée de projectiles dans une zone entourant le point d'explosion, mais elles ne permettent pas de maítriser le rayon d'efficacité de la grenade. Pour la plupart d'entre-elles, des éclats à forte énergie se retrouvent à des rayons très élevés, ce qui est dangereux pour l'utilisateur.The different grenade with multiple metallic layers allow certainly to achieve a high density of projectiles in an area surrounding the explosion point, but they do not control the radius of the grenade. For most of them, high energy are found at very high rays, which is dangerous for the user.

Dans le cas du document DE 28 07309, la géométrie des couches et leur faible masse provoque, outre l'inconvénient précédemment cité, une baisse d'efficacité inacceptable à faible distance due à une diminution de la vitesse de la plupart des éclats.In the case of document DE 28 07309, the geometry of the layers and their low mass causes, in addition to the aforementioned drawback, a drop unacceptable efficiency at short distances due to reduced speed from most of the shards.

De plus, avec une telle géométrie de garniture, la fragmentation des éclats s'avère aléatoire.In addition, with such a packing geometry, the fragmentation of flakes turns out to be random.

Une telle grenade ne permet donc pas d'obtenir à la fois une efficacité convenable à courte distance et un effet inoffensif au-delà d'une distance de sécurité d'une trentaine de mètres.Such a grenade therefore does not provide both efficiency suitable at short distance and a harmless effect beyond a distance of security of about thirty meters.

La grenade proposée dans FR 2 536 164, certes munie d'empreintes pénétrant dans l'explosif, fait une utilisation de ces empreintes pour découper la paroi génératrice d'éclats externe. Le découpage reste aléatoire et ne permet pas une maítrise du comportement des éclats.The grenade proposed in FR 2 536 164, certainly with imprints entering the explosive, makes use of these imprints for cut out the external chip-generating wall. The division remains random and does not allow a control of the behavior of the flakes.

Un combattant utilisant ces différentes grenades ne peut pas compter sur une distance de sécurité fiable. Il lui est difficile de se protéger des effets de sa propre grenade.A fighter using these different grenades cannot count over a safe distance. It is difficult for him to protect himself from the effects of his own grenade.

Plus généralement, les munitions explosives actuelles génèrent une gerbe d'éclats dont les effets dans la cible sont peu constants, ce qui rend ces munitions peu fiables.More generally, current explosive ordnance generates a sheaf of splinters whose effects in the target are not constant, which makes these unreliable ammunition.

Le but principal de la présente invention est de proposer une munition explosive ne présentant pas ces différents inconvénients, c'est-à-dire une munition qui permette à la fois de garantir une forte efficacité dans la cible dans un premier rayon donné, et à la fois de garantir la sécurité, donc l'absence de projection d'éclats à grande vitesse, au delà d'un deuxième rayon donné qui est supérieur au premier.The main purpose of the present invention is to provide ammunition explosive does not have these various drawbacks, that is to say a ammunition which allows both to guarantee a high efficiency in the target within a given first radius, and both guarantee security, therefore the absence of projection of shards at high speed, beyond a second given radius which is greater than the first.

Ce but est atteint selon l'invention grâce à une munition explosive à éclats formés par explosif comportant une tête de mise à feu, une charge explosive, une partie génératrice d'éclats, et une paroi au contact de l'explosif qui comprend un ensemble de calottes concaves s'étendant vers l'intérieur de la munition, caractérisé en ce que chacune de ces empreintes présentente une géométrie adaptée pour constituer avec la charge explosive à son contact une charge formée du type charge creuse ou charge génératrice de noyau, et en ce que la partie génératrice d'éclats est formée par une unique paroi, qui est celle qui est au contact de l'explosif.This object is achieved according to the invention thanks to an explosive munition at explosive shrapnel comprising a firing head, a charge explosive, a part generating fragments, and a wall in contact with the explosive which includes a set of concave caps extending towards the inside of the munition, characterized in that each of these fingerprints presents a geometry adapted to constitute with the explosive charge at its contact a charge formed of the hollow charge or generating charge type nucleus, and in that the splinter-generating part is formed by a single wall, which is that which is in contact with the explosive.

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de la présente invention, les calottes concaves constituant des empreintes sont en forme de cônes à bout arrondi ou de calottes simili sphériques.According to another advantageous characteristic of the present invention, the concave caps constituting imprints are in the form of cones with rounded tip or similar spherical caps.

D'autres aspects, buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante de formes de réalisation préférées de celle-ci, donnée à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un corps de grenade à main conforme à la présente invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une portion de paroi à éclats conforme à la présente invention, selon un plan de coupe sensiblement perpendiculaire à cette paroi ;
  • la figure 2bis est une vue en coupe similaire à la figure 2, d'une variante de réalisation basée sur une forme sphérique d'empreinte et non pas conique;
  • la figure 3 est un tracé représentant une évolution d'efficacité dans la cible produite par une grenade conforme à l'invention, en fonction d'une distance mesurée entre la cible et un point d'explosion de la grenade ;
Other aspects, aims and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of nonlimiting examples and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hand grenade body according to the present invention;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of a portion of splinter wall according to the present invention, along a section plane substantially perpendicular to this wall;
  • Figure 2bis is a sectional view similar to Figure 2, of an alternative embodiment based on a spherical shape of impression and not conical;
  • FIG. 3 is a plot representing an evolution of efficiency in the target produced by a grenade in accordance with the invention, as a function of a distance measured between the target and an explosion point of the grenade;

La figure 1 représente un corps de grenade à main, comprenant une enveloppe génératrice d'éclats formés par explosif 7 et une charge explosive 4. Ce corps de grenade présente également une cavité adaptée pour recevoir un détonateur ou un bouchon allumeur.Figure 1 shows a hand grenade body, comprising a casing generating fragments formed by explosive 7 and an explosive charge 4. This grenade body also has a cavity adapted to receive a detonator or an igniter plug.

Le bouchon allumeur n'a pas été représenté sur la figure 1. On pourra selon l'invention utiliser tout type de bouchon allumeur classique, propre à initier une charge de 90g de substance explosive telle que de la tolite. Un initiateur classique comprenant une charge de 1,6 à 2 grammes de pentrite sera par exemple parfaitement adapté pour initier le corps de grenade qui va être décrit ci-après.The igniter plug has not been shown in FIG. 1. according to the invention use any type of conventional igniter plug, suitable for initiate a charge of 90g of explosive substance such as tolite. A classic initiator comprising a charge of 1.6 to 2 grams of pentrite for example will be perfectly suited to initiate the grenade body which will be described below.

Le corps de grenade de la figure 1 présente une forme générale ovoïdale légèrement allongée selon un axe vertical X.The pomegranate body of Figure 1 has a general shape ovoid slightly elongated along a vertical axis X.

Le corps de grenade présente deux extrémités opposées formant chacune un plateau perpendiculaire à l'axe X. Un plateau inférieur forme une base permettant de poser la grenade en position verticale, et un plateau supérieur est adapté pour la fixation du bouchon allumeur.The grenade body has two opposite ends forming each a plate perpendicular to the X axis. A lower plate forms a base for placing the grenade in an upright position, and a tray upper is suitable for fixing the igniter plug.

Le plateau supérieur est ainsi muni en son centre d'un orifice fileté 3 constituant l'entrée de la cavité précédemment mentionnée, adaptée à recevoir une partie du bouchon allumeur à l'intérieur du corps de la grenade.The upper plate is thus provided in its center with a threaded orifice 3 constituting the entry of the cavity previously mentioned, adapted to receive part of the igniter plug inside the body of the grenade.

Cette cavité forme un passage qui s'étend dans la grenade parallèlement à l'axe X, sur une longueur sensiblement égale aux trois quarts de la hauteur de la grenade.This cavity forms a passage which extends into the grenade parallel to the X axis, over a length substantially three-quarters equal the height of the grenade.

Le corps de grenade est constitué de trois éléments principaux, que sont une enveloppe de maintien et de protection 1 en matière plastique, une enveloppe métallique 7 génératrice d'éclats, et une charge explosive 4.The pomegranate body is made up of three main elements, which are a protective and protective envelope 1 made of plastic, a metal casing 7 generating shards, and an explosive charge 4.

L'enveloppe 1 entoure l'ensemble du corps de grenade. Elle est constituée ici d'acrylonitrile butadiène styrène connu sous la dénomination ABS. Elle présente avantageusement une épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 3,4 mm.The casing 1 surrounds the entire body of the grenade. She is consisting here of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene known under the name ABS. It advantageously has a thickness of between 2 and 3.4 mm.

L'enveloppe plastique 1 est constituée de trois pièces : une demi-coque supérieure 9, une demi-coque inférieure 10, et un bouchon 2.The plastic envelope 1 is made up of three parts: a half-shell upper 9, a lower half-shell 10, and a plug 2.

Une première pièce 9 forme sensiblement une paroi en demi-sphère, constituant une demi coque supérieure de l'enveloppe 1. La paroi formant cette demi-sphère comporte en son centre l'orifice 3 formant entrée du passage de réception du bouchon allumeur. Sur l'orifice 3 débouche ainsi un manchon cylindrique 6 venu de moulage avec la demi-sphère 9, et s'étendant à l'intérieur de la demi-sphère 9, constituant le passage de réception du bouchon allumeur. Ce manchon cylindrique 6 a même axe de révolution X que la demi-sphère 9. A first part 9 substantially forms a hemispherical wall, constituting an upper half-shell of the envelope 1. The wall forming this hemisphere has at its center the orifice 3 forming an inlet of the receiving passage of the igniter plug. On orifice 3 thus opens a cylindrical sleeve 6 molded with the hemisphere 9, and extending inside the hemisphere 9, constituting the receiving passage of the igniter plug. This cylindrical sleeve 6 has the same axis of revolution X as the hemisphere 9.

Cette première demi-coque 9 est fixée sur une deuxième demi-coque 10 présentant elle aussi un orifice central 8. Dans l'orifice 8 est engagé et fixé par clipsage un bouchon en matière plastique 2 formant base inférieure du corps de grenade.This first half-shell 9 is fixed to a second half-shell 10 also having a central orifice 8. In the orifice 8 is engaged and fixed by clipping a plastic plug 2 forming the lower base of the pomegranate body.

Le bouchon 2 présente une face supérieure concave 5 adaptée pour prolonger intérieurement la deuxième demi-coque 10 de manière continue. Lorsque la première demi-coque 9, la deuxième demi-coque 10 et le bouchon 2 sont assemblés, la grenade présente donc une surface intérieure qui est ovoïdale et continue, ne présentant aucun décrochement hormis au contact du manchon 6. Cette surface intérieure concave et ovoïdale est, conformément à l'invention, recouverte, intérieurement au corps de grenade, par une enveloppe métallique 7 génératrice d'éclats.The plug 2 has a concave upper face 5 suitable for internally extend the second half-shell 10 continuously. When the first half-shell 9, the second half-shell 10 and the plug 2 are assembled, the grenade therefore has an inner surface which is ovoid and continuous, showing no detachment except in contact with the sleeve 6. This concave and oval interior surface is, in accordance with the invention, covered internally with the grenade body by a metal casing 7 generating shards.

L'enveloppe métallique 7 forme donc une paroi ovoïdale qui entoure presque entièrement un espace intérieur du corps de grenade. L'enveloppe métallique 7 présente donc la forme d'une coquille d'oeuf dans laquelle a été pratiquée une ouverture supérieure.The metal envelope 7 therefore forms an ovoid wall which surrounds almost entirely an interior space of the grenade body. The envelope metallic 7 therefore has the shape of an eggshell in which made an upper opening.

Cette ouverture supérieure est traversée par le manchon 6, et présente une périphérie qui est complémentaire au contour du manchon 6.This upper opening is crossed by the sleeve 6, and has a periphery which is complementary to the contour of the sleeve 6.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit ici, l'enveloppe métallique 7 est constituée de deux parties assemblées l'une avec l'autre de manière à former une surface continue. Une première de ces deux parties recouvre totalement la surface supérieure concave du bouchon 2, et est limitée à cette surface.In the embodiment described here, the metal casing 7 is consisting of two parts joined together so as to form a continuous surface. A first of these two parts completely covers the concave upper surface of the plug 2, and is limited to this surface.

Une deuxième partie recouvre le reste de la surface intérieure ovoïdale de l'enveloppe plastique 1, c'est à dire la surface intérieure ovoïdale matérialisée par les demi-coques inférieure et supérieure.A second part covers the rest of the interior ovoid surface of the plastic envelope 1, i.e. the oval interior surface materialized by the lower and upper half-shells.

Ces deux parties métalliques sont placées bord à bord et recouvrent à elles deux l'ensemble de la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe plastique 1.These two metal parts are placed edge to edge and cover at both of them the entire inner surface of the plastic envelope 1.

L'enveloppe 7 est, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, fixée par emmanchement à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe plastique 1.The envelope 7 is, according to one embodiment of the invention, fixed by fitting inside the plastic casing 1.

La paroi recouvrant le bouchon 2 est solidaire de ce même bouchon, de sorte que lorsque le bouchon est ôté du reste du corps plastique 1, la paroi métallique recouvrant ce bouchon est également ôtée. Le corps de grenade peut ainsi être rempli de substance explosive à travers l'orifice inférieur qui est ainsi découvert.The wall covering the plug 2 is integral with this same plug, so that when the plug is removed from the rest of the plastic body 1, the wall metal covering this cap is also removed. Pomegranate body can thus be filled with explosive substance through the lower orifice which is thus discovered.

Selon une variante de l'invention, l'enveloppe 7 comprend deux demi-coques complémentaires de l'intérieur de chacune des deux demi-coques de l'enveloppe plastique 1. Cette disposition permet un assemblage aisé du corps de grenade. En effet, chaque demi-coque de l'enveloppe plastique est dans un premier temps recouverte intérieurement par une des deux demi-coques métalliques, de sorte que l'on obtient alors deux demi-coques métal/plastique. Ces deux demi-coques métal/plastique sont ensuite assemblées bord à bord.According to a variant of the invention, the envelope 7 comprises two half-shells complementary to the interior of each of the two half-shells of the plastic envelope 1. This arrangement allows easy assembly of the body pomegranate. Indeed, each half-shell of the plastic envelope is in first covered internally by one of the two half-shells metallic, so that two metal / plastic half-shells are obtained. These two metal / plastic half-shells are then assembled edge to edge.

Conformément à l'invention, la paroi 7 est formée d'une multitude de cavités ou empreintes de petites dimensions formées par la paroi métallique 7. Ces cavités présentent chacune une forme concave en vis à vis avec l'intérieur de la grenade. Plus précisément, selon la figure 1, ces formes concaves sont constituées d'un cône dont le sommet est dirigé vers l'intérieur de la grenade.According to the invention, the wall 7 is formed of a multitude of small cavities or indentations formed by the metal wall 7. These cavities each have a concave shape opposite with inside the grenade. More specifically, according to Figure 1, these forms concaves consist of a cone whose top is directed inward pomegranate.

La paroi 7 présente en tout point, que ce soit au niveau d'un sommet ou au niveau d'une base d'une empreinte, une épaisseur constante.The wall 7 presents at all points, whether at a vertex or at the base of an imprint, a constant thickness.

Chaque cône ou empreinte présente une base définie classiquement comme étant une ligne de contour appartenant au cône et dont le diamètre ou la largeur est maximale, cette largeur étant mesurée tangentiellement à l'enveloppe 7.Each cone or imprint has a classically defined base as being a contour line belonging to the cone and whose diameter or the width is maximum, this width being measured tangentially to envelope 7.

Chaque cône ou empreinte est, par le contour formé par sa base, rigidement solidaire des cônes ou empreintes qui lui sont voisins.Each cone or imprint is, by the contour formed by its base, rigidly attached to the cones or imprints adjacent to it.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit ici, la seule séparation au sein de la paroi 7 correspond à une séparation circulaire entre la paroi recouvrant le bouchon 2 et la paroi recouvrant le reste de la surface intérieure du corps plastique 1.In the embodiment described here, the only separation within the wall 7 corresponds to a circular separation between the wall covering the plug 2 and the wall covering the rest of the inner surface of the body plastic 1.

Ces deux parois de l'enveloppe 7 peuvent être réalisées sous leur forme définitive directement au moulage, ou bien être mises en forme par emboutissage. Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit ici, la paroi 7 forme environ 800 cônes ou empreintes pointant vers l'intérieur de la grenade. These two walls of the envelope 7 can be produced under their final shape directly during molding, or else be shaped by stamping. In the embodiment described here, the wall 7 forms approximately 800 cones or imprints pointing towards the interior of the grenade.

La grenade est remplie d'une substance explosive dans un espace qui est délimité d'une part par l'enveloppe métallique 7 et d'autre part par le contour du manchon 6. La substance explosive est directement en contact avec l'enveloppe métallique 7 de sorte que l'enveloppe 7 est prise en sandwich entre cette substance explosive 4 et l'enveloppe plastique 1.The grenade is filled with an explosive substance in a space which is delimited on the one hand by the metallic envelope 7 and on the other hand by the sleeve outline 6. The explosive substance is in direct contact with the metal casing 7 so that the casing 7 is taken in sandwich between this explosive substance 4 and the plastic envelope 1.

En raison de l'épaisseur particulièrement faible de la paroi constitutive de l'enveloppe 7, l'enveloppe en matière plastique a pour rôle non seulement de garantir l'étanchëité du corps de grenade, mais également, par sa rigidité, de produire un maintien mécanique de l'enveloppe métallique 7, un maintien du bouchon allumeur à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, métallique 7, et une protection de l'enveloppe métallique 7 contre les chocs.Due to the particularly small thickness of the component wall of the envelope 7, the role of the plastic envelope is not only to to guarantee the watertightness of the grenade body, but also, by its rigidity, to produce mechanical maintenance of the metal casing 7, maintenance of the igniter plug inside the metallic casing 7, and a protection of the metal casing 7 against shocks.

On décrira maintenant l'effet particulier de l'onde de choc au voisinage des calottes concaves 11 obtenu dans le cadre de la présente invention.We will now describe the particular effect of the shock wave in the vicinity concave caps 11 obtained in the context of the present invention.

De manière connue, lorsque l'explosion de la grenade est initiée, une onde de choc se propage depuis le bouchon allumeur, c'est à dire depuis l'intérieur du manchon 6, en éloignement de celui-ci vers l'extérieur de la grenade.As is known, when the grenade explosion is initiated, a shock wave propagates from the igniter plug, i.e. from inside the sleeve 6, away from it towards the outside of the grenade.

L'onde de choc aborde donc l'enveloppe métallique selon une direction de propagation perpendiculaire à celle-ci, de sorte que le front de l'onde de choc s'étend parallèlement à la paroi métallique locale.The shock wave therefore approaches the metal envelope in a direction propagation perpendicular to it, so that the front of the wave of shock extends parallel to the local metal wall.

Les inventeurs ont découvert que pour des dimensions particulières des calottes concaves 11 délimitant la charge explosive, on obtient au niveau de chaque calotte une combinaison charge/enveloppe formant une mini charge formée, de type charge creuse ou préférentiellement de type charge génératrice de noyau.The inventors have discovered that for particular dimensions of the concave caps 11 delimiting the explosive charge, we obtain at each shell a load / shell combination forming a mini load formed, of hollow charge type or preferably of charge type nucleus generator.

Ainsi, on obtient avec la présente grenade, une déformation de chaque empreinte sous l'effet de l'onde de choc qui produit un microprojectile de matière comprimé depuis l'extérieur de la calotte, allongé et se déplaçant selon un axe sensiblement radial de la grenade.Thus, we obtain with the present grenade, a deformation of each imprint under the effect of the shock wave which produces a microprojectile of material compressed from outside the cap, elongated and moving along a substantially radial axis of the grenade.

Ce microprojectile s'avère particulièrement efficace à courte distance. This microprojectile is particularly effective at short distances.

De plus, ce microprojectile est propulsé selon une direction précise, définie par la direction principale de la calotte 11, de sorte que la direction du microprojectile est donc parfaitement maítrisée.In addition, this microprojectile is propelled in a precise direction, defined by the main direction of the cap 11, so that the direction microprojectile is therefore perfectly under control.

De plus, le microprojectile de charge formée ne produit pas d'effet indésirable au-delà d'une distance de sécurité choisie. En effet, l'énergie dégagée par la charge formée réside essentiellement dans la très haute vitesse du microprojectile, et peu dans l'inertie de masse du microprojectile, qui est très faible. De ce fait, cette énergie se dissipe très rapidement au cours de l'éloignement au point d'explosion, contrairement au cas des grenades connues qui dégagent l'énergie produite essentiellement par la propulsion d'éclats lourds à des vitesses faibles par rapport à celles obtenues ici avec un effet de charge formée. Ainsi, les éclats formés par explosif générés par les grenades de l'art antérieur gardent par inertie une énergie cinétique élevée sur de très longues distances, tandis que les éclats formés par explosifs générés ici sont très légers et très rapides, de sorte que leur énergie cinétique très élevée au départ par l'effet de charge formée décroít très rapidement en raison de leur faible masse.In addition, the microprojectile of charge formed does not produce an effect. undesirable beyond a chosen safety distance. Indeed, the energy released by the charge formed essentially resides in the very high speed of the microprojectile, and little in the mass inertia of the microprojectile, which is very weak. Therefore, this energy dissipates very quickly during distance to the point of explosion, unlike grenades known which release the energy produced essentially by the propulsion heavy flakes at low speeds compared to those obtained here with a charge effect formed. Thus, the explosive fragments generated by the prior art grenades by inertia keep a high kinetic energy on very long distances, while the fragments formed by explosives generated here are very light and very fast, so their kinetic energy very high at the start by the effect of charge formed decreases very quickly in because of their low mass.

Grâce à l'adoption de charges formées, dans une telle grenade, l'effet à courte distance est décorrélé de l'effet à longue distance, du fait que la charge formée s'avère avoir une diminution d'efficacité très brutale en fonction de la distance au point d'explosion.Thanks to the adoption of shaped charges, in such a grenade, the effect short distance is uncorrelated from the long distance effect, since the charge formed turns out to have a very abrupt decrease in efficiency depending on the distance to the point of explosion.

On notera que la partie la plus utile d'explosif pour la formation et la propulsion du microprojectile est celle qui entoure le cône. La partie centrale d'explosif peut ainsi être modifiée sans induire de modification nette du comportement de la munition, sous réserve de ne modifier ni la forme de l'onde de détonation de manière importante ni la capacité du massif explosif à transmettre l'onde de détonation jusqu'à zones entourant les empreintes 11.Note that the most useful part of the explosive for training and microprojectile propulsion is that which surrounds the cone. The central part explosive can thus be modified without inducing a net modification of the behavior of the ammunition, subject to modifying neither the form of the detonation wave significantly nor the capacity of the explosive device to transmit the detonation wave to areas surrounding the footprints 11.

Lorsqu'elles sont soumises à l'onde de choc, les empreintes 11 se séparent les unes des autres et se comportent donc chacune comme un impact indépendant. La masse des projectiles est donc parfaitement prédéterminée et leur cinétique maítrisée. When subjected to the shock wave, the imprints 11 are separate from each other and therefore each behaves like a independent impact. The mass of the projectiles is therefore perfectly predetermined and their controlled kinetics.

Les inventeurs ont pu également découvrir qu'en adaptant précisément certains paramètres dimensionnels définissant la géométrie des cônes ou empreintes, les projectiles résultant de ces cônes ou empreintes ne produisent plus aucune efficacité dans la cible au-delà d'un rayon choisi autour du point d'explosion, tout en ayant une efficacité importante à faible distance du point d'explosion.The inventors were also able to discover that by precisely adapting certain dimensional parameters defining the geometry of the cones or footprints, the projectiles resulting from these cones or footprints do not produce no more efficiency in the target beyond a chosen radius around the point explosion, while having significant efficiency at a short distance from the point explosion.

La conjugaison de ces deux caractéristiques, à savoir l'adoption de charges formées et l'adaptation précise d'une géométrie des empreintes propre à accentuer encore le freinage brutal des projectiles, fournit une grenade ayant des effets étonnement décoréllés à courte et à longue distance.The combination of these two characteristics, namely the adoption of formed charges and precise adaptation of a footprint geometry capable of further accentuating the brutal braking of projectiles, provides a pomegranate with surprisingly short and long effects distance.

Ces deux caractéristiques sont mises en oeuvre ici de manière conjuguée en adoptant la géométrie d'empreintes qui va être décrite maintenant. Il est cependant bien entendu que l'adoption de charges formées dans une grenade pourra à partir du présent enseignement être réalisée avec d'autres paramètres géométriques, que l'homme de l'art adaptera selon le cas.These two characteristics are implemented here so conjugate by adopting the geometry of imprints which will be described now. It is however understood that the adoption of charges formed in a grenade can from this teaching be carried out with other geometric parameters, which those skilled in the art will adapt according to the case.

Ainsi, on distingue sur l'empreinte de la figure 2, représentée en coupe dans un plan perpendiculaire à la paroi 7 et passant par le sommet d'une empreinte, trois paramètres dimensionnels principaux, que sont une largeur d'empreinte mesurée à sa base, une ouverture angulaire d'empreinte et une épaisseur de paroi constitutive d'empreinte.Thus, there are on the imprint of Figure 2, shown in section in a plane perpendicular to the wall 7 and passing through the top of a footprint, three main dimensional parameters, which are a width of footprint measured at its base, an angular opening of footprint and a thickness of the wall constituting the imprint.

L'ouverture angulaire, c'est à dire l'angle mesuré entre deux génératrices de l'empreinte, est référencée α sur la figure 2.The angular opening, i.e. the angle measured between two generating the imprint, is referenced α in Figure 2.

La largeur de la base d'empreinte, mesurée tangentiellement à une surface moyenne de l'enveloppe 7, est référencée L.The width of the footprint base, measured tangentially to a average surface of the envelope 7, is referenced L.

L'épaisseur de la paroi conique est référencée E.The thickness of the conical wall is referenced E.

Ainsi, les inventeurs ont pu découvrir que l'effet recherché, c'est à dire la conjugaison :

  • d'une efficacité élevée dans la cible à une distance d'environ 5 mètres, et
  • l'obtention d'une distance de sécurité d'environ 25 mètres ;
est atteint notamment avec des cônes présentant une largeur L à la base comprise entre 2,5 mm et 5,5 mm, et une ouverture angulaire α comprise entre 90 et 140°.Thus, the inventors were able to discover that the desired effect, that is to say the combination:
  • high efficiency in the target at a distance of about 5 meters, and
  • obtaining a safety distance of approximately 25 meters;
is achieved in particular with cones having a width L at the base of between 2.5 mm and 5.5 mm, and an angular opening α of between 90 and 140 °.

Avantageusement, les empreintes sont en cuivre et sont constituées d'une paroi d'épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 0,8 mm.Advantageously, the imprints are made of copper and are formed with a wall thickness between 0.5 and 0.8 mm.

Selon une variante de l'invention, les empreintes peuvent être remplacées en gardant l'effet de charge formée par des pyramides ou plus généralement par des portions de paroi concaves formant chacune une empreinte dont le sommet est dirigé vers intérieur de la grenade.According to a variant of the invention, the imprints can be replaced keeping the charge effect formed by pyramids or more generally by concave wall portions each forming a footprint with the apex directed towards the interior of the grenade.

Comme dans le cas d'un cône, on distingue sur une paroi concave formant une calotte, une épaisseur de paroi E, une ouverture angulaire α, et une largeur de base L.As in the case of a cone, a distinction is made on a concave wall forming a cap, a wall thickness E, an angular opening α, and a base width L.

Dans le cas de pyramides ou plus généralement de parois concaves en forme d'empreintes, les inventeurs ont constaté que les paramètres α et L peuvent être adaptés pour garantir que les éclats formés par explosif ne sont plus efficaces au delà de 25 m.In the case of pyramids or more generally concave walls in form of imprints, the inventors have found that the parameters α and L can be adapted to ensure that explosive shards are not more effective beyond 25 m.

Plus précisément, les inventeurs ont pu constater qu'à valeurs égales de α, L et E, l'efficacité à 5m et le rayon de sécurité sont du même ordre pour des empreintes et des pyramides, avec toutefois un gain en efficacité dans la cible avec des pyramides.More precisely, the inventors have been able to observe that at equal values of α, L and E, the efficiency at 5m and the safety radius are of the same order for footprints and pyramids, but with an increase in efficiency in target with pyramids.

Par leur masse très faible, les éclats formés par explosif ou impacts présentent une vitesse initiale très élevée et subissent une forte perte d'énergie au cours de leur trajectoire, de sorte que l'efficacité de la grenade est particulièrement élevée à 5 m et quasiment inexistante au delà d'un rayon de 25 m.By their very low mass, the fragments formed by explosive or impacts have a very high initial velocity and suffer a high loss of energy during their trajectory, so the efficiency of the grenade is particularly high at 5 m and almost non-existent beyond a radius 25 m.

On constate que l'énergie maximale de ces charges est conservée jusqu'à une distance égale à environ 1000 fois la largeur L de la charge, c'est à dire à environ 3 mètres dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit ici.It can be seen that the maximum energy of these charges is conserved up to a distance equal to approximately 1000 times the width L of the load, this is to say about 3 meters in the embodiment described here.

Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel décrit ici, le matériau constitutif de la paroi 7 est du cuivre recuit standard. Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas à une paroi à éclats formés par explosif en cuivre. Toute paroi en un matériau de densité et de ductilité proches de celles du cuivre peut être adoptée avec des dimensions proches de celles mentionnées ci-dessus de manière à obtenir la conjugaison de résultats décrite précédemment.In the preferred embodiment described here, the constituent material of wall 7 is standard annealed copper. Of course, the invention is not not limited to a flake wall formed by copper explosive. Any wall in one material of density and ductility close to that of copper can be adopted with dimensions close to those mentioned above so as to obtain the combination of results described above.

L'invention prévoit ainsi de remplacer le cuivre par l'aluminium. L'aluminium a l'avantage d'être moins cher que le cuivre, mais il est plus léger, ce qui a pour effet de réduire la portée des éclats.The invention thus provides for replacing copper with aluminum. Aluminum has the advantage of being cheaper than copper, but it is lighter, which has the effect of reducing the range of shards.

Plus généralement, on peut selon l'invention, pour un matériau constitutif choisi de l'enveloppe à éclats, adapter des paramètres α (ou la profondeur P de l'empreinte, telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 2bis), L et E spécifiques à ce matériau pour obtenir cette conjugaison de résultats.More generally, it is possible according to the invention, for a material chosen component of the flashing envelope, adapt parameters α (or the depth P of the imprint, as illustrated in FIG. 2a), L and E specific to this material to obtain this combination of results.

Dans l'exemple particulier des figures 1 et 2, la Jargeur de base L est de 3 mm, l'ouverture angulaire α est de 120 degrés, l'épaisseur de paroi E est de 0,5 mm. Une telle empreinte présente une hauteur ou profondeur d'environ 1mm.In the particular example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the base feeder L is 3 mm, the angular opening α is 120 degrees, the wall thickness E is 0.5 mm. Such an imprint has a height or depth of approximately 1mm.

Ce choix de valeurs de L et α permet un éventail d'efficacité à 5 m qui est particulièrement large, simplement en faisant varier E. Ainsi, en adoptant de telles valeurs pour les paramètres L et α, il est particulièrement aisé d'adapter l'efficacité de la grenade à 5 m en faisant simplement varier l'épaisseur E.This choice of values of L and α allows a range of efficiency at 5 m which is particularly broad, simply by varying E. Thus, by adopting such values for the parameters L and α, it is particularly easy to adapt the effectiveness of the grenade to 5 m by simply varying thickness E.

A partir des valeurs de α (ou P), L, E précédemment mentionnées, on pourra modifier ces paramètres pour adapter la distance d'efficacité et la distance de sécurité conformément à un autre cahier des charges.From the values of α (or P), L, E previously mentioned, we may modify these parameters to adapt the effective distance and the safety distance in accordance with another specification.

Ainsi, les inventeurs ont découvert qu'en augmentant la largeur L, on obtient des éclats formés par explosif plus énergétiques, de portée plus élevée, mais une densité de microprojectiles et de noyaux associés qui est plus faible dans la gerbe car le nombre d'éclats formés par explosif est lui-même plus faible.Thus, the inventors have discovered that by increasing the width L, we gets more energetic explosive shards with a longer range high, but a density of microprojectiles and associated nuclei which is lower in the sheaf because the number of fragments formed by explosive is itself weaker.

Avec la géométrie de grenade de la figure 1, un diamètre ou une largeur d'empreinte L égal à 3 mm correspond à un nombre d'empreintes sensiblement égal à 800 sur toute la grenade et à 13 cônes au cm2 d'enveloppe métallique. Une valeur de L de 4 mm correspond à un nombre de d'empreintes d'environ 550 et à 7 empreintes au cm2. Un diamètre L d'environ 5 mm correspond à un nombre d'empreintes d'environ 350 et à 5 empreintes au cm2.With the grenade geometry of FIG. 1, a diameter or a width of imprint L equal to 3 mm corresponds to a number of imprints substantially equal to 800 over the entire grenade and to 13 cones per cm 2 of metallic envelope. A value of L of 4 mm corresponds to a number of imprints of approximately 550 and to 7 imprints per cm 2 . A diameter L of approximately 5 mm corresponds to a number of imprints of approximately 350 and to 5 imprints per cm 2 .

Les inventeurs ont également découvert que plus l'ouverture angulaire a est fermée, et plus la combinaison microprojectile/noyau est énergétique. De plus, une ouverture angulaire plus fermée a pour effet de réduire la portée efficace des éclats par explosif.The inventors have also discovered that the greater the angular opening a is closed, and the more energetic the microprojectile / nucleus combination. Of more, a more closed angular opening has the effect of reducing the range effective burst of explosives.

En outre, en augmentant l'épaisseur E de la paroi constitutive de l'empreinte 11, on obtient une efficacité à 5 mètres qui est plus élevée, qui reste élevée sur une distance plus longue, et on obtient donc un rayon de sécurité qui est plus élevé. Plus l'épaisseur E est importante, moins les noyaux sont rapides mais plus ils sont énergétiques.In addition, by increasing the thickness E of the constituent wall of footprint 11, we obtain an efficiency at 5 meters which is higher, which stays high over a longer distance, so we get a radius of security which is higher. The greater the thickness E, the less the nuclei are fast but the more energetic they are.

L'enveloppe plastique, sous l'effet de l'explosion, ne génère aucun éclat propre à influer sur l'efficacité dans la cible. Elle n'a qu'un effet de maintien général de la structure de la grenade et de protection contre les chocs.The plastic envelope, under the effect of the explosion, does not generate any shine likely to influence the efficiency in the target. It only has a maintenance effect general of the grenade structure and impact protection.

Le matériau constituant cette seconde paroi 1 est choisi suffisamment souple pour ne pas atténuer l'énergie dégagée par les charges formées et suffisamment ferme pour protéger la paroi génératrice d'éclats 7 contre des chocs de transport de la munition.The material constituting this second wall 1 is chosen sufficiently flexible so as not to attenuate the energy released by the charges formed and firm enough to protect the splinter-generating wall 7 against ammunition transport shocks.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation préférentiel décrit ici, on a utilisé une charge explosive consistant en 90 grammes d'hexolite coulée constituée de 60% d'hexogène et de 40% de tolite. L'hexolite utilisée ici est coulée, on pourra également utiliser une charge explosive comprimée.In the preferred embodiment described here, a explosive charge consisting of 90 grams of poured hexolite consisting of 60% hexogen and 40% tolite. The hexolite used here is poured, we may also use a compressed explosive charge.

On a également testé une charge explosive constituée principalement d'hexocire 98.2 ou de tolite D en paillettes ou T.D.P.We also tested an explosive charge consisting mainly 98.2 hexocire or Tolite D in flakes or T.D.P.

L'hexocire est un mélange de 98% d'Héxogène et de 2% de cire favorisant la compression.Hexocire is a mixture of 98% Hexogen and 2% wax promoting compression.

La tolite D est un type de tolite dont la température de fusion est particulièrement élevée, qui est l'une des tolites les plus pures.Tolite D is a type of tolite with a melting temperature of particularly high, which is one of the purest tolites.

Ces trois substances explosives s'avèrent, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées avec une masse d'environ 90 grammes, particulièrement bien adaptées à la géométrie de la grenade à main décrite en référence aux figures 1 et 2. On pourra également utiliser des explosifs composites à sensibilité aux agressions atténuée. Les performances de tels explosifs se sont avérées satisfaisantes au cours des tests.These three explosive substances prove, when used with a mass of about 90 grams, particularly well suited to the geometry of the hand grenade described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. We may also use composite explosives sensitive to assault mitigated. The performance of such explosives has been proven satisfactory during testing.

On a représenté sur la figure 3 un tracé représentant l'efficacité de la gerbe d'éclats formés par explosif générée en fonction de la distance séparant le point d'explosion de la grenade et la cible, dans le cas de la grenade des figures 1 et 2.FIG. 3 shows a plot representing the effectiveness of the sheaf of fragments formed by explosive generated as a function of the distance separating the grenade's explosion point and target, in the case of the grenade Figures 1 and 2.

On a rapporté en abscisses une distance d en mètres mesurée entre le point d'explosion de la grenade et une cible. On a rapporté en ordonnées une mesure de l'efficacité de la grenade dans le voisinage de l'explosion, cette mesure étant notée PMHC sur la figure 3.We have plotted on the abscissa a distance d in meters measured between the explosion point of the grenade and a target. An ordinate has been reported measure of the effectiveness of the grenade in the vicinity of the explosion, this measurement being noted PMHC in Figure 3.

Une efficacité maximale et une efficacité nulle de la munition correspondent respectivement à des valeurs de PMHC de 1 et de 0. Ce paramètre PMHC est calculé de manière classique à partir d'un nombre de perforations constatées dans une cible en aluminium de surface fixée placée à une distance d du point d'explosion, et faisant face au point d'explosion.Maximum and zero effectiveness of ammunition correspond respectively to PMHC values of 1 and 0. This PMHC parameter is conventionally calculated from a number of perforations found in a fixed surface aluminum target placed at a distance d from the point of explosion, and facing the point of explosion.

La cible est plus précisément formée de trois tôles d'aluminium ayant chacune une surface de 0,476 m2 et placées les unes contre les autres. Ces trois tôles présentent respectivement des épaisseurs de 1,5 mm, 1,0 mm, et 1,5 mm, et sont placées de façon à ce que la tôle d'épaisseur 1,0 mm soit prise en sandwich entre les deux tôles d'épaisseur 1,5 mm avec un espace d'essai entre les tôles de 1 cm d'épaisseur. La cible est placée à la distance d de la munition. Après explosion, on compte le nombre de perforations dans chacune des trois tôles.The target is more precisely formed of three aluminum sheets each having a surface of 0.476 m 2 and placed one against the other. These three sheets have thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm respectively, and are placed so that the sheet of thickness 1.0 mm is sandwiched between the two sheets d 1.5 mm thick with a test space between the sheets 1 cm thick. The target is placed at distance d from the ammunition. After explosion, the number of perforations in each of the three sheets is counted.

N1 étant la densité d'éclats ayant traversé une seule tôle, N2 étant la densité d'éclats ayant traversé deux tôles, et N3 étant la densité d'éclats ayant traversé trois tôles. Ces densités sont calculées en comptant le nombre d'éclats perforants rapporté à la surface de 0,476 m2. PMHC est, à la distance d, calculée selon la formule suivante : PMHC = 1 - (0,57N1 x 0,20N2 x 0,02N3) N1 being the density of flakes having passed through a single sheet, N2 being the density of flakes having passed through two sheets, and N3 being the density of flakes having passed through three sheets. These densities are calculated by counting the number of perforating flakes compared to the surface of 0.476 m 2 . PMHC is, at distance d, calculated according to the following formula: PMHC = 1 - (0.57 N1 x 0.20 N2 x 0.02 N3 )

Une valeur de PMHC strictement nulle à une distance donnée correspond au fait qu'aucun éclat ne perfore aucune des tôles d'aluminium à cette distance. Dans la pratique, s'étant fixé une distance à laquelle on souhaite que la grenade soit efficace, on considère qu'une valeur de PMHC de 0,5 à cette distance est satisfaisante, et en particulier une PMHC supérieure à 0,4 à 5 mètres.A strictly zero PMHC value at a given distance corresponds to the fact that no splinter pierces any of the aluminum sheets to this distance. In practice, having set a distance at which one wish the grenade to be effective, we consider that a value of PMHC 0.5 at this distance is satisfactory, and in particular a PMHC greater than 0.4 to 5 meters.

On peut toutefois selon l'invention réaliser une munition qui ne produit qu'une valeur de PMHC de 0,3 ou 0,4 à la distance d'efficacité choisie, sans que la munition ne soit pour cela jugée inefficace.However, according to the invention, it is possible to produce ammunition which does not produce that a PMHC value of 0.3 or 0.4 at the chosen effective distance, without that the ammunition is therefore deemed ineffective.

Le tracé de la figure 3 montre que la grenade des figures 1 et 2 est d'une efficacité satisfaisante dans un rayon compris entre 0 et 6 mètres, et qu'aucun éclat à forte énergie n'est plus présent au delà de 25 mètres.The plot in Figure 3 shows that the grenade in Figures 1 and 2 is satisfactory in a radius between 0 and 6 meters, and that no burst of high energy is more present beyond 25 meters.

En effet, le tracé de la figure 3 présente un pallier à PMHC=1 pour d compris entre 0 et 3,5 mètres, puis PMHC décroít jusqu'à 0,1 entre d = 3,5 m et d = 10 m, et enfin PMHC tend vers zéro sensiblement linéairement au delà de 10 m, PMHC pouvant être considéré comme nul au delà de 25 mètres.Indeed, the plot in Figure 3 presents a level at PMHC = 1 for d between 0 and 3.5 meters, then PMHC decreases to 0.1 between d = 3.5 m and d = 10 m, and finally PMHC tends towards zero substantially linearly beyond 10 m, PMHC can be considered as zero beyond 25 meters.

Les inventeurs ont placé un film de plastique à 25 mètres du point d'explosion de la grenade des figures 1 et 2. Celui-ci ne présentait aucune perforation après l'explosion, ce qui confirme bien la fiabilité du rayon de sécurité de 25 m. Ce test montre que cette grenade est d'une sécurité d'utilisation particulièrement élevée.The inventors placed a plastic film 25 meters from the point exploding the grenade in Figures 1 and 2. It had no perforation after the explosion, which confirms the reliability of the radius of 25 m security. This test shows that this grenade is safe of particularly high use.

Plus généralement, on peut conformément à l'invention réaliser très facilement une munition explosive garantissant une PMHC nulle au delà d'un rayon de sécurité inférieur à 35 m ou 40 m.More generally, it is possible, in accordance with the invention, to achieve very easily an explosive ordnance guaranteeing a zero PMHC beyond a safety radius less than 35 m or 40 m.

Les inventeurs ont en outre pu constater qu'une grenade conforme à l'invention génère une gerbe d'éclats formés par explosif de répartition angulaire particulièrement uniforme autour du point d'explosion.The inventors have also been able to observe that a grenade conforming to the invention generates a sheaf of splinters formed by explosive distribution particularly uniform angle around the point of explosion.

La grenade selon l'invention permet d'obtenir une efficacité maximale à quelques mètres du point d'explosion, contrairement au cas des éclats classiques, comme par exemple les billes, avec lesquels l'énergie maximale est atteinte dès le départ des éclats, la vitesse de l'éclat formé par explosif décroissant typiquement de manière hyperbolique en fonction de la distance.The grenade according to the invention makes it possible to obtain maximum efficiency at a few meters from the point of explosion, unlike the case of splinters classics, such as balls, with which the maximum energy is reached from the start of the flakes, the speed of the flake formed by explosive typically decreasing hyperbolically as a function of distance.

Par ailleurs, les inventeurs ont constaté que le microprojectile ou le dard séparé du reste de la paroi métallique 7 dans le cas de la présente invention se déstabilise à une distance comprise entre 2 et 8 mètres du point d'explosion, et se sépare en morceaux après avoir atteint sa distance d'efficacité maximale. En conséquence, le nombre d'éclats formés par explosif est rapidement multiplié au cours de la trajectoire de ceux-ci, par rapport à leur nombre théorique, ce qui a pour effet de maintenir l'efficacité à un niveau élevé sur une distance supérieure à 5 mètres.Furthermore, the inventors have found that the microprojectile or the dart separated from the rest of the metal wall 7 in the case of this invention is destabilized at a distance between 2 and 8 meters from the point of explosion, and separates into pieces after reaching its distance maximum efficiency. As a result, the number of shards formed by explosive is rapidly multiplied over the course of these, compared to their theoretical number, which has the effect of keeping efficiency at a level raised over a distance greater than 5 meters.

A l'inverse, dans le cas des grenades à éclats traditionnelles, le nombre d'éclats au mètre carré diminue selon une tendance hyperbolique à partir du point d'explosion de la grenade.Conversely, in the case of traditional flash grenades, the number of flakes per square meter decreases according to a hyperbolic trend from the explosion point of the grenade.

La faible masse de l'éclat formé par explosif théorique, c'est à dire de l'empreinte 11 représentée sur la figure 2, la démultiplication de cette empreinte qui divise encore la masse des éclats individuels, et la grande vitesse des éclats, sont trois caractéristiques qui induisent une chute d'énergie considérable de l'éclat formé par explosif individuel au-delà d'environ 8 mètres.The low mass of the luster formed by theoretical explosive, i.e. the imprint 11 shown in Figure 2, the reduction of this imprint which still divides the mass of the individual fragments, and the large speed of the bursts, are three characteristics which induce a fall of energy considerable of the luster formed by individual explosive beyond about 8 meters.

Cet effet permet d'assurer un rayon de sécurité réel, fiable et très faible, c'est à dire compris entre 20 et 35 mètres. Aucun éclat formé par explosif efficace n'est plus présent au-delà d'un tel rayon de sécurité.This effect ensures a real, reliable and very small safety radius, that is to say between 20 and 35 meters. No explosive shine effective is no longer present beyond such a safety radius.

Par ailleurs, la faible masse des éclats formés par explosif rend la grenade particulièrement légère. Elle présente donc l'avantage de pouvoir être lancée avec une grande précision.Furthermore, the low mass of the explosive fragments makes the particularly light pomegranate. It therefore has the advantage of being able to be launched with great precision.

Les paramètres géométriques α (ou P), E et L peuvent être modifiés en toute facilité sans dimensionner à nouveau d'autres parties constitutives de la grenade que la paroi 7. La grenade selon l'invention est donc particulièrement adaptable à divers cahiers des charges.The geometric parameters α (or P), E and L can be modified by any facility without resizing other constituent parts of the grenade as the wall 7. The grenade according to the invention is therefore particularly adaptable to various specifications.

Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas au seul domaine des grenades à main, les dispositions décrites précédemment pouvant être adaptées par l'homme du métier à tout type de munition explosive telle qu'une grenade à fusil par exemple.Of course, the invention is not limited to the sole field of hand grenades, the arrangements described above may be adapted by a person skilled in the art to any type of explosive ammunition such as a rifle grenade for example.

On pourra envisager d'autres matières pour l'enveloppe à éclats, d'autres formes et d'autres dimensions d'éclats, tout en restant dans l'esprit de l'invention. We can consider other materials for the flashing envelope, other forms and other dimensions of shards, while remaining in the spirit of the invention.

On a illustré sur la figure 2bis une variante de réalisation d'empreintes conformes à un mode de réalisation préférentiel de la présente invention.Illustrated in Figure 2bis an alternative embodiment of fingerprints according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

La calotte 11 illustrée sur la figure 2bis annexée a la forme d'une calotte simili sphérique concave vers l'intérieur de la munition.The cap 11 illustrated in FIG. 2bis annexed has the form of a concave spherical shell concave towards the inside of the ammunition.

Plus précisément encore de préférence cette calotte 11 en forme de calotte simili sphérique a une largeur de base L de l'ordre de 3 mm, une profondeur P de l'ordre de 1,2 mm et une épaisseur de paroi E de l'ordre de 0,6 mm.More precisely still preferably this cap 11 in the form of imitation spherical cap has a base width L of the order of 3 mm, a depth P of the order of 1.2 mm and a wall thickness E of the order of 0.6 mm.

Claims (25)

  1. An explosive round that produces explosive-formed fragments, the round having a firing head, an explosive charge (4), a fragment-generating portion (7), and a wall (7) in contact with the explosive, which wall has a set of concave spherical cap shaped dimples (11) extending towards the inside of the round, the round being characterized in that each dimple (11) is of a shape suitable for co-operating with the explosive charge in contact therewith to constitute a shaped charge of the hollow charge or explosive-formed projectile type, and in that the fragment-generating portion (7) is formed by a single wall which is the wall (7) that is in contact with the explosive.
  2. An explosive round according to claim 1, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) are in the form of quasi-spherical dimples or of cones with rounded tips.
  3. An explosive round according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dimples (11) have a base width, an opening angle, and a thickness adapted to ensure that the round generates explosive-formed fragments that are effective only in a limited range, up to not more than 5 m to 35 m.
  4. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the opening angle (α) of the dimples is 90° to 140°.
  5. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) have wall thickness (E) of 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm.
  6. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the dimples (11) have an opening angle (α) of 120°.
  7. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the width (L) of the base of the dimples is 2.5 mm to 5.5 mm.
  8. An explosive round according to claim 7, characterized in that the dimples (11) have a base width (L) of about 3 mm.
  9. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) have a wall thickness (E) of about 0.5 mm to about 0.6 mm.
  10. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) are conical in shape.
  11. An explosive round according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) are of pyramid shape.
  12. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the concave dimples (11) have rounded tips.
  13. An explosive round according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that the concave dimples (11) are in the form of quasi-spherical dimples.
  14. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the wall is made of copper.
  15. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it presents PMHC having a value zero beyond a radius of less than 35 m.
  16. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it has an PMHC greater than 0.4 at a range of 5 m.
  17. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it has a second wall (1) made of a material that is sufficiently malleable not to form fragments.
  18. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it has a second wall (1) made of plastics material.
  19. An explosive round according to claim 18, characterized in that the fragment-generating wall (7) is adjacent to the plastics material wall (1).
  20. An explosive round according to claim 17, characterized in that the material constituting the second wall (1) is selected to be sufficiently flexible to avoid attenuating the energy given off by the shaped charges and sufficiently firm to protect the fragment-generating wall (7) against impact during transport of the round.
  21. An explosive round according to claim 19, characterized in that the wall of plastics material (1) presents an orifice (8), and in that the round has a plug (2) complementary to said orifice (8), the plug (2) having a surface designed to face the inside of the round, said surface having fixed thereon a portion of the wall (7) with concave dimples (11) that is separable from the remainder of the wall (7) having concave dimples (11).
  22. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the explosive charge (4) is essentially constituted by about 90 g of hexolite.
  23. An explosive round according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the explosive charge (4) is essentially constituted by about 90 g of TNT.
  24. An explosive round according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the explosive charge (4) is essentially constituted by a composite explosive having attenuated sensitivity to risk.
  25. An explosive round according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the depth of the concave dimples (11) is about 1.2 mm.
EP20000401293 1999-05-14 2000-05-11 Fragmentation type projectile in which the fragments are created by a hollow charge effect Expired - Lifetime EP1052471B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9906163A FR2793551B1 (en) 1999-05-14 1999-05-14 EXPLOSIVE AMMUNITION WITH EXPLOSIVE-CONTROLLED SHARDS
FR9906163 1999-05-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1052471A1 EP1052471A1 (en) 2000-11-15
EP1052471B1 true EP1052471B1 (en) 2004-07-28

Family

ID=9545597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20000401293 Expired - Lifetime EP1052471B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2000-05-11 Fragmentation type projectile in which the fragments are created by a hollow charge effect

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1052471B1 (en)
DE (1) DE60012413T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2222883T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2793551B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3000309A (en) * 1943-01-30 1961-09-19 Zapf Louis Fragmentation projectile
GB778900A (en) * 1944-05-23 1957-07-10 Mini Of Supply Improvements in or relating to high explosive projectiles, bombs and the like
US3491694A (en) * 1954-06-08 1970-01-27 Us Navy Plastic liners for controlled fragmentation
DE2807309C1 (en) 1978-02-21 1987-07-23 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Explosive charge with spiked or projectile-forming assignments
DE2835557C2 (en) * 1978-08-14 1985-11-14 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Warhead for projectiles and missiles
FR2536164B1 (en) * 1982-11-17 1986-05-09 Serat IMPROVEMENTS TO EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES WITH PREPARED FRAGMENTATION
DE3543714C1 (en) * 1985-12-11 1987-07-02 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Warhead

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60012413T2 (en) 2005-08-04
FR2793551B1 (en) 2002-05-31
DE60012413D1 (en) 2004-09-02
FR2793551A1 (en) 2000-11-17
ES2222883T3 (en) 2005-02-16
EP1052471A1 (en) 2000-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2145950C (en) Projectile, especially a non-lethal bullet
EP3102906B1 (en) Hollow charge and use for separating two floors of an aeronautical vehicle or for the neutralization thereof
CH650073A5 (en) PROJECTILE FOR HANDLES AND SHOULDERS AND CARTRIDGE PROVIDED WITH SUCH A PROJECTILE.
EP0467774B1 (en) Projectile with destructive effect, exploding on impact
EP0389358A1 (en) Opening system for spreading wings on a projectile
FR2599134A1 (en) MILITARY HEAD FOR MACHINE
FR2533309A1 (en) IMPROVED PROJECTILE WITH MULTIPLE POSSIBILITIES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE PROJECTILE
EP0407288B1 (en) Training projectile for an automatically or hand-operated firearm
FR2561376A1 (en) Explosive device with fragmentation
EP1052471B1 (en) Fragmentation type projectile in which the fragments are created by a hollow charge effect
EP2650637B1 (en) Nonlethal fragmentation grenade comprising means to hold the igniter plug
FR2509457A1 (en) SHORT TRAJECTORY PROJECTILE
EP1521053B1 (en) Anti-bunker ammunition
FR2552871A1 (en) Anti-tank projectile acting at the deviation speed
FR2820817A1 (en) PROJECTILE
FR2629582A1 (en) EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILE GENERATING A GERB OF DEADBOLES
US7036432B2 (en) Explosive round with controlled explosive-formed fragments
FR2992408A1 (en) Warhead e.g. missile, has enclosure comprising three sectors, which are regularly angularly distributed and delimited longitudinally by support or by grooves or ribs that extend from one end to another end of enclosure
FR2519752A1 (en) Ground-to-ground anti-tank weapon - uses missiles with electromagnetic target detection to operate while passing over target
FR2937123A1 (en) Ammunition i.e. heavy caliber artillery ammunition, for controlling active crowd, has projectile with body containing loads assuring non lethal effect, and deployment units that deploy non lethal effect loads in sequence
CH623407A5 (en) Tubular projectile capable of being fired at a supersonic speed
EP1302741A1 (en) High explosive projectile
FR2849690A1 (en) Protection device, useful particularly for terrestrial vehicles, comprises a composition that has a protective effect after initiation and ejection from its container
FR2771496A1 (en) Sub calibre kinetic projectile for gun
FR2555729A1 (en) Shaped-charge projectile

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES GB NL

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20010507

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: DE ES GB NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20021227

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES GB NL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20040728

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60012413

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20040902

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2222883

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20050429

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20070418

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20070511

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20070511

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20070511

Year of fee payment: 8

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20080511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081202

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080511

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20080512

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080512