EP1052304A1 - Martensitic corrosion resistant chromium steel - Google Patents

Martensitic corrosion resistant chromium steel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1052304A1
EP1052304A1 EP00890145A EP00890145A EP1052304A1 EP 1052304 A1 EP1052304 A1 EP 1052304A1 EP 00890145 A EP00890145 A EP 00890145A EP 00890145 A EP00890145 A EP 00890145A EP 1052304 A1 EP1052304 A1 EP 1052304A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
leg
chromium steel
alloy
nitrogen
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1052304B1 (en
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Dr. Gerhard Lichtenegger
Johann Sammer
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Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
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Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corrosion-resistant chromium steel with 12 to 15 Wt% chromium.
  • the property profile of the Material essential, so that manufacturers increasingly Measure the demand for an improvement in the material properties in their Whole is made.
  • the hardness, the tempering behavior, the Temperature resistance, the corrosion resistance, the homogeneity of the Structures, the polishability and the like of known steels are said to be be increased or improved, so that a use of a new expensive alloy type can be omitted.
  • DE 39 01 470 C1 discloses a chromium steel containing 0.2 to molybdenum Add 0.7% by weight of nitrogen to make it corrosion resistant essential to increase. Alloys of this kind are corrosion-chemical improved, but may have lower hardness, poor polishability and have low structural homogeneity because in comparison with the Carbon content is given a high nitrogen concentration.
  • the invention now sets itself the task of an economical chrome steel to indicate the high hardness and temperature resistance with low Corrosion attack, a homogeneous microstructure and improved polishability owns.
  • a martensitic corrosion-resistant chromium steel contained in% by weight 0.2 up to 0.4 carbon 0.15 up to 0.5 silicon 0.15 up to 0.6 manganese 12.0 up to 15.0 chrome max 0.28 nickel 0.05 up to 0.19 nitrogen
  • Ratio carbon / nitrogen is above a value of 2.0, solved.
  • a morphologically favorable structure, in which the matrix hardness is one has high resistance, is due to the lack of strong nitride formers, such as was found, promoted, the elements titanium, aluminum, niobium and vanadium are unfavorably effective.
  • an aluminum content is below 0.17, at the most however, 0.19% by weight should be provided, in order not to tip the finely homogeneous Microstructure towards the formation of heterogeneous areas enable.
  • chrome steel can be achieved when the concentration of carbon is 0.25 to 0.30% by weight.
  • the material quality can be further increased according to the invention if the chromium steel has a maximum concentration of molybdenum plus (tungsten x 0.5) of at most 0.20 and / or the highest contents Titanium 0.01, preferably 0.006% by weight Aluminum 0.05, preferably 0.025% by weight Niobium 0.01 preferably 0.006% by weight be.
  • Tab. 1 lists tested materials with their chemical composition.
  • alloy C Si Mn Cr Mon Ni V W Ti Al Nb N 1 0.21 0.25 0.29 13.01 0.01 0.08 0.02 ⁇ 0.05 nb 0.02 nb 0.05 2nd 0.20 0.25 0.32 12.87 0.03 0.10 0.01 ⁇ 0.05 nb 0.02 nb 0.11 3rd 0.31 0.27 0.31 12.96 0.02 0.09 nb ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.005 0.02 nb 0.12 4th 0.30 0.31 0.32 13.03 ⁇ 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.05 ⁇ 0.005 0.02 0.02 0.16 5 0.32 0.26 0.32 12.92 ⁇ 0.02 0.10 nb ⁇ 0.005 ⁇ 0.005 0.02 nb 0.21 6 0.40 0.44 0.30 12.97 ⁇ 0.02 0.08 nb nb nb nb 0.01 7 0.31 0.35 0.31 13.01 0.08 0.09 nb nb nb nb 0.01 7 0.31 0.35 0.31 13.01 0.08 0.09 nb n
  • alloy 1 corresponds to material number 1.2082
  • alloys 6 and 9 correspond to material number 1.2083
  • alloy 7 corresponds to Material number 1.4028
  • alloy 12 is the material number 1.2316.
  • Table 2 shows the results with regard to mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, polishability and dimensional stability in heat treatment for comparison, whereby a key figure was determined for the overall assessment of the material properties, which indicates the material quality can serve.
  • alloy Mechanical properties [%] Corrosion resistance [%] Polished tobacco [%] Dimension change rate [%] identification number comment 1 60 60 120 90 3.3 DIN 1.2082 2nd 70 70 110 100 3.5 Trial leg. 3rd 160 100 160 140 5.6 Trial leg. 4th - - - - - Trial leg. 5 80 120 120 100 4.2 Trial leg. 6 100 50 60 80 2.9 DIN 1.2083, 7 90 60 100 100 100 3.5 DIN 1.4028, 8th 95 70 100 100 3.7 Trial leg. 9 110 50 70 80 3.1 DIN 1.2083, 10th 120 70 80 90 3.6 Trial leg. 11 110 80 70 70 3.3 Trial leg. 12th 70 100 40 50 2.6 DIN 1.2316, 13 70 160 50 60 3.4 Trial leg.
  • the procedure for creating the key figures was as follows: The material that had the best overall material values (alloy 3) excluded. The highest of the remaining test alloys Property value of a species assessed at 100% and the other individual values of Materials in relation to this 100%. Then took place on this created basis also the determination of the percentage property values of the best or an alloy according to the invention 3. To represent the Material quality in its entirety characterizing one was carried out in each case Sum of the individual percentage values and a division of this sum 100.
  • Test alloy 4 yielded, obviously due to the high Nitrogen content, a porous or leaky block structure and must in the comparative considerations are left out.
  • Fig. 2 shows the dependence of hardness on the annealing time and conveys a very good long-term behavior of a leg according to the invention.
  • 3 at 550 ° C that is, one This material is particularly suitable for higher loads Working temperatures over long periods, as is the case with glass molds, for example given is. this favorable material property can be economically advantageous Reduction of the cycle side can be used, that is, with the same service life of the This tool is used at a higher temperature.
  • Fig. 3 the corrosion resistance of the leg is compared with standard alloys. 3 shown. Alloy 3 according to the invention achieves this Corrosion resistance of a 17% chromium steel (material number 1.2316).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A corrosion resistant martensitic chromium steel, having a specified carbon/nitrogen ratio and a fine homogeneous microstructure, is new. A novel corrosion resistant martensitic chromium steel has the composition (by wt.) 0.2-0.4% C, 0.15-0.5% Si, 0.15-0.6% Mn, 12.0-15.0% Cr, NOTGREATER 0.28% Ni, 0.05-0.19% N, balance Fe and impurities, the C/N ratio being greater than 2.0.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen korrosionsbeständigen Chromstahl mit 12 bis 15 Gew.-% Chrom.The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant chromium steel with 12 to 15 Wt% chromium.

Stähle, die mit 12 bis 15 Gew.-% Chrom legiert sind, finden in der modernen Technik ein großes Anwendungsfeld vor. Legierungen dieser Art weisen im wesentlichen Rostbeständigkeit auf und die mechanischen Eigenschaften können durch jeweilige legierungstechnische Maßnahmen und durch thermische Vergütungsbehandlung des Materials in weite Grenzen eingestellt werden.Steels that are alloyed with 12 to 15 wt .-% chromium are found in modern Technology a large field of application. Alloys of this type show in essential rust resistance and the mechanical properties can through respective alloying measures and through thermal Remuneration treatment of the material can be set within wide limits.

12- 15%ige Chromstähle mit 0,25 bis 0,40 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff sind seit langem bekannt und finden sich beispielsweise in der Stahl - Eisen- Liste unter den Werkstoffnummern 1.2083, 1.2316, 1.4028. Als Verwendungszweck sind dafür Kunststofformen sowie Federn und Kolbenstangen angegeben.12-15% chromium steels with 0.25 to 0.40% by weight carbon have long been known and can be found for example in the steel - iron list among the Material numbers 1.2083, 1.2316, 1.4028. As a use are for it Plastic molds as well as springs and piston rods specified.

Für jeweilige Verwendungszwecke ist jedoch zumeist das Eigenschaftsprofil des Werkstoffes von wesentlicher Bedeutung, so daß an die Hersteller in zunehmendem Maße die Forderung nach einer Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften in ihrer Gesamtheit gestellt wird. Mit anderen Worten, die Härte, das Anlaßverhalten, die Temperaturbeständigkeit, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit, die Homogenität des Gefüges, die Polierbarkeit und dergleichen von bekannten Stählen sollen jeweils erhöht bzw. verbessert werden, so daß ein anforderungsgemäßer Einsatz eines neuen teureren Legierungstyps unterbleiben kann.However, the property profile of the Material essential, so that manufacturers increasingly Measure the demand for an improvement in the material properties in their Whole is made. In other words, the hardness, the tempering behavior, the Temperature resistance, the corrosion resistance, the homogeneity of the Structures, the polishability and the like of known steels are said to be be increased or improved, so that a use of a new expensive alloy type can be omitted.

Aus der DE 39 01 470 C1 ist bekannt, einem molybdänhaltigen Chromstahl 0,2 bis 0,7 Gew.-% Stickstoff zuzulegieren, um dessen Korrosionsbeständigkeit wesentliche zu erhöhen. Derartige Legierungen sind zwar korrosionschemisch verbessert, können jedoch eine geringere Härte, eine verschlechterte Polierbarkeit und geringe Gefügehomogenitäten besitzen, weil im Vergleich mit dem Kohlenstoffgehalt eine hohe Stickstoffkonzentration gegeben ist.DE 39 01 470 C1 discloses a chromium steel containing 0.2 to molybdenum Add 0.7% by weight of nitrogen to make it corrosion resistant essential to increase. Alloys of this kind are corrosion-chemical improved, but may have lower hardness, poor polishability and have low structural homogeneity because in comparison with the Carbon content is given a high nitrogen concentration.

Eine Verwendung eines Molybdän, Wolfram, Nickel, Vanadin und 0,2 bis 1,0 Gew.-% Stickstoff beinhaltenden korrosionsbeständigen Chromstahls, der einer speziellen Wärmebehandlung unterworfen wird, für Werkzeuge und Gegenstände mit hoher Festigkeit bei Raumtemperatur und bei 500°C ist aus der DE 42 12 966 C1 bekannt geworden. Diese Legierung weist auf Grund von Vanadin- bzw. Vanadin und Niob- Nitridausscheidungen eine hohe Warmfestigkeit sowie dergleichen Verschleißfestigkeit auf, deren verschlechterte Polierfähigkeit sowie Gefügehomogenität auf Grund hoher Stickstoffkonzentrationen die Verwendbarkeit des Materials einschränken können.Use of a molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, vanadium and 0.2 to 1.0 % By weight of nitrogen-containing corrosion-resistant chromium steel subject to special heat treatment for tools and objects with high strength at room temperature and at 500 ° C is from DE 42 12 966 C1 became known. This alloy exhibits due to vanadium or vanadium and niobium nitride precipitates have high heat resistance and the like Wear resistance, their deteriorated polishability as well Structural homogeneity due to high nitrogen concentrations makes it usable of the material.

Die Erfindung setzt sich nun zur Aufgabe, einen wirtschaftlichen Chromstahl anzugeben, der eine hohe Härte und Temperaturbeständigkeit bei geringem Korrosionsangriff, eine homogene Mikrostruktur und eine verbesserte Polierbarkeit besitzt.The invention now sets itself the task of an economical chrome steel to indicate the high hardness and temperature resistance with low Corrosion attack, a homogeneous microstructure and improved polishability owns.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen martensitischen korrosionsbeständigen Chromstahl enthalten in Gew.-% 0,2 bis 0,4 Kohlenstoff 0,15 bis 0,5 Silizium 0,15 bis 0,6 Mangan 12,0 bis 15,0 Chrom max 0,28 Nickel 0,05 bis 0,19 Stickstoff This object is achieved according to the invention by a martensitic corrosion-resistant chromium steel contained in% by weight 0.2 up to 0.4 carbon 0.15 up to 0.5 silicon 0.15 up to 0.6 manganese 12.0 up to 15.0 chrome max 0.28 nickel 0.05 up to 0.19 nitrogen

Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen mit der Maßgabe, daß das Verhältnis Kohlenstoff/Stickstoff über einem Wert von 2,0 liegt, gelöst.Rest of iron and manufacturing-related impurities with the proviso that the Ratio carbon / nitrogen is above a value of 2.0, solved.

Die derart erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß bei einer Korrosionsbeständigkeit des wärmebehandelten Werkstoffes, welche mit 17%igen Cr-Stählen vergleichbar ist, dessen Härte erhöht und das Langzeit- Anlaßverhalten wesentlich verbessert ist, so daß bei einer Glasformpressung, beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Frontteilen von Bildschirmen, eine wesentlich größere Standzeit der Werkzeuge erreicht wird. Ebenso erheblich sind die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff erreichten Vorteile einer homogenen Mikrostruktur und einer besonders guten Polierbarkeit, wobe diese Eigenschaften bei der vorher dargelegten Verwendung als Glasformteil eine Verbesserung der Erzeugungsgüte und eine günstige Werkzeugherstellung erbringen können. Diese Vorteile sind auch bei der Fertigung und bei der Verwendung von Kunststofformen relevant, wobei die verbesserte Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Stahles zussätzlich deren Einsetzbarkeit verlängert. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Fertigung von Linsen und CD's zu nennen, für welche die Werkzeuge oder Formen eine vorzügliche Bearbeitbarkeit ind eine hohe Oberflächengüte aufweisen und in der Produktion möglichst lange erhalten müssen.The advantages achieved in this way can essentially be seen in the fact that with a Corrosion resistance of the heat-treated material, which with 17% Cr steels is comparable, its hardness increases and the long-term tempering behavior is significantly improved, so that in a glass compression molding, for example the production of front parts of screens, a much longer service life the tools are reached. Equally significant are those with the Material according to the invention achieved the advantages of a homogeneous microstructure and a particularly good polishability, which combines these properties with the previous one use as a molded glass part to improve the production quality and can provide inexpensive tool manufacturing. These advantages are too relevant in the manufacture and use of plastic molds, the improved corrosion resistance of the steel and its applicability extended. In this context, the manufacture of lenses and CD's is too name for which the tools or molds are excellent workability Ind have a high surface quality and as long as possible in production must receive.

Eine morphologisch günstige Gefügestruktur, bei welcher auch die Matrixhärte eine hohe Beständigkeit aufweist, wird durch ein Fehlen von starken Nitridbildnern, wie gefunden wurde, gefördert, wobei die Elemente Titan, Aluminium, Niob und Vanadin ungünstig wirksam sind. Allerdings ist ein Aluminiumgehalt unter 0,17, höchstens jedoch von 0,19 Gew.-% vorzusehen, um nicht ein Kippen der fein- homogenen Mikrostruktur in Richtung einer Ausbildung von heterogenen Bereichen zu ermöglichen.A morphologically favorable structure, in which the matrix hardness is one has high resistance, is due to the lack of strong nitride formers, such as was found, promoted, the elements titanium, aluminum, niobium and vanadium are unfavorably effective. However, an aluminum content is below 0.17, at the most however, 0.19% by weight should be provided, in order not to tip the finely homogeneous Microstructure towards the formation of heterogeneous areas enable.

Besonders günstige Eigenschaften des Chromstahles können erreicht werden, wenn die Konzentration an Kohlenstoff 0,25 bis 0,30 Gew.-% beträgt.Particularly favorable properties of chrome steel can be achieved when the concentration of carbon is 0.25 to 0.30% by weight.

Wenn in einschränkender Weise die Konzentration von Stickstoff 0,07 bis 0,15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,08 bis 0,12 Gew.-%, beträgt, ist mit Sicherheit eine überragende Polierbarkeit des Werkstoffes mit günstigen mechanischen und korrosionschemischen Kennwerten einstellbar.If restricting the concentration of nitrogen 0.07 to 0.15 % By weight, preferably 0.08 to 0.12% by weight, is certainly one Outstanding polishability of the material with favorable mechanical and Corrosion-chemical parameters adjustable.

Die Werkstoffgüte kann erfindungsgemäß weiter gesteigert werden, wenn der Chromstahl eine maximale Konzentration an Molybdän plus( Wolfram x 0,5) von höchstens 0,20 besitzt und/oder die höchsten Gehalte an Titan 0,01, vorzugsweise 0,006 Gew.-% Aluminium 0,05, vorzugsweise 0,025 Gew.-% Niob 0,01 vorzugsweise 0,006 Gew.-% betragen. The material quality can be further increased according to the invention if the chromium steel has a maximum concentration of molybdenum plus (tungsten x 0.5) of at most 0.20 and / or the highest contents Titanium 0.01, preferably 0.006% by weight Aluminum 0.05, preferably 0.025% by weight Niobium 0.01 preferably 0.006% by weight be.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Versuchsergebnissen näher erläutert. In Tab. 1 sind geprüfte Werkstoffe mit deren chemischen Zusammensetzung aufgeführt. Legierung C Si Mn Cr Mo Ni V W Ti Al Nb N 1 0,21 0,25 0,29 13,01 0,01 0,08 0,02 <0,05 n.b. 0,02 n.b. 0,05 2 0,20 0,25 0,32 12,87 0,03 0,10 0,01 <0,05 n.b. 0,02 n.b. 0,11 3 0,31 0,27 0,31 12,96 0,02 0,09 n.b. <0,05 <0,005 0,02 n.b. 0,12 4 0,30 0,31 0,32 13,03 <0,02 0,10 0,03 0,05 <0,005 0,02 0,02 0,16 5 0,32 0,26 0,32 12,92 <0,02 0,10 n.b. <0,005 <0,005 0,02 n.b. 0,21 6 0,40 0,44 0,30 12,97 <0,02 0,08 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,01 7 0,31 0,35 0,31 13,01 0,08 0,09 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,01 8 0,33 0,46 0,26 12,67 0,10 0,2 n.b. 0,05 n.b. 0,03 n.b. 0,01 9 0,39 0,28 0,29 13,02 0,03 0,3 0,02 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,06 10 0,40 0,31 0,31 12,98 0,06 0,10 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,11 11 0,41 0,27 0,29 12,99 0,06 0,09 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,14 12 0,35 0,31 0,35 16,51 1,10 0,78 0,03 0,06 n.b. n.b. 0,006 0,02 13 0,36 0,25 0,31 16,72 1,12 0,76 0,03 0,05 n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,18 The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of test results. Tab. 1 lists tested materials with their chemical composition. alloy C. Si Mn Cr Mon Ni V W Ti Al Nb N 1 0.21 0.25 0.29 13.01 0.01 0.08 0.02 <0.05 nb 0.02 nb 0.05 2nd 0.20 0.25 0.32 12.87 0.03 0.10 0.01 <0.05 nb 0.02 nb 0.11 3rd 0.31 0.27 0.31 12.96 0.02 0.09 nb <0.05 <0.005 0.02 nb 0.12 4th 0.30 0.31 0.32 13.03 <0.02 0.10 0.03 0.05 <0.005 0.02 0.02 0.16 5 0.32 0.26 0.32 12.92 <0.02 0.10 nb <0.005 <0.005 0.02 nb 0.21 6 0.40 0.44 0.30 12.97 <0.02 0.08 nb nb nb nb nb 0.01 7 0.31 0.35 0.31 13.01 0.08 0.09 nb nb nb nb nb 0.01 8th 0.33 0.46 0.26 12.67 0.10 0.2 nb 0.05 nb 0.03 nb 0.01 9 0.39 0.28 0.29 13.02 0.03 0.3 0.02 nb nb nb nb 0.06 10th 0.40 0.31 0.31 12.98 0.06 0.10 nb nb nb nb nb 0.11 11 0.41 0.27 0.29 12.99 0.06 0.09 nb nb nb nb nb 0.14 12th 0.35 0.31 0.35 16.51 1.10 0.78 0.03 0.06 nb nb 0.006 0.02 13 0.36 0.25 0.31 16.72 1.12 0.76 0.03 0.05 nb nb nb 0.18

Die Legierung 1 entspricht nach DIN der Werkstoffnummer 1.2082, die Legierungen 6 und 9 entsprechen der Werkstoffnummer 1.2083, die Legierung 7 entspricht der Werkstoffnummer 1.4028 und schließlich ist die Legierung 12 der Werkstoffnummer 1.2316 zuzuordnen. Diese DIN-Werkstoffe dienen dem Vergleich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungszusammensetzung.According to DIN, alloy 1 corresponds to material number 1.2082, the alloys 6 and 9 correspond to material number 1.2083, alloy 7 corresponds to Material number 1.4028 and finally alloy 12 is the material number 1.2316. These DIN materials are used for comparison with the alloy composition according to the invention.

Die Tab. 2 zeigt für die aufgeführten Legierungen aus Tabelle 1 die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der mechanischen Eigenschaften, der Korrosionsbeständigkeit, der Polierbarkeit und der Maßbeständigkeit bei der Wärmebehandlung zur vergleichenden Betrachtung, wobei für die Gesamtbeurteilung der Materialeigenschaften eine Kennzahl ermittelt wurde, die zur Angabe der Werkstoffgüte dienen kann. Legierung Mech. Eigensch. [%] Kormsionsbest. [%] Poliertoarkelt [%] Maßänderungsst [%] Kennzahl Bemerkung 1 60 60 120 90 3,3 DIN 1.2082 2 70 70 110 100 3,5 Versuchleg. 3 160 100 160 140 5,6 Versuchleg. 4 -- -- -- -- -- Versuchleg. 5 80 120 120 100 4,2 Versuchleg. 6 100 50 60 80 2,9 DIN 1.2083, 7 90 60 100 100 3,5 DIN 1.4028, 8 95 70 100 100 3,7 Versuchleg. 9 110 50 70 80 3,1 DIN 1.2083, 10 120 70 80 90 3,6 Versuchleg. 11 110 80 70 70 3,3 Versuchleg. 12 70 100 40 50 2,6 DIN 1.2316, 13 70 160 50 60 3,4 Versuchleg. For the alloys listed in Table 1, Table 2 shows the results with regard to mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, polishability and dimensional stability in heat treatment for comparison, whereby a key figure was determined for the overall assessment of the material properties, which indicates the material quality can serve. alloy Mechanical properties [%] Corrosion resistance [%] Polished tobacco [%] Dimension change rate [%] identification number comment 1 60 60 120 90 3.3 DIN 1.2082 2nd 70 70 110 100 3.5 Trial leg. 3rd 160 100 160 140 5.6 Trial leg. 4th - - - - - Trial leg. 5 80 120 120 100 4.2 Trial leg. 6 100 50 60 80 2.9 DIN 1.2083, 7 90 60 100 100 3.5 DIN 1.4028, 8th 95 70 100 100 3.7 Trial leg. 9 110 50 70 80 3.1 DIN 1.2083, 10th 120 70 80 90 3.6 Trial leg. 11 110 80 70 70 3.3 Trial leg. 12th 70 100 40 50 2.6 DIN 1.2316, 13 70 160 50 60 3.4 Trial leg.

Bei der Erstellung der Kennzahlen wurde wie folgt vorgegangen: Der Werkstoff, der insgesamt die besten Materialwerte aufwies (Legierung 3) wurde ausgeklammert. Von den restlichen Versuchslegierungen wurde der jeweils höchste Eigenschaftswert einer Art mit 100% beurteilt und die übrigen Einzelwerte der Werkstoffe in Relation zu diesen 100% gesetzt. Sodann erfolgte auf dieser geschaffenen Basis auch die Ermittlung der prozentualen Eigenschaftswerte der besten bzw. einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung 3. Zur Darstellung der die Werkstoffgüte in ihrer Gesamtheit kennzeichnenden Kennzahl erfolgte jeweils eine Summierung der prozentualen Einzelwerte und eine Division dieser Summe durch 100.The procedure for creating the key figures was as follows: The material that had the best overall material values (alloy 3) excluded. The highest of the remaining test alloys Property value of a species assessed at 100% and the other individual values of Materials in relation to this 100%. Then took place on this created basis also the determination of the percentage property values of the best or an alloy according to the invention 3. To represent the Material quality in its entirety characterizing one was carried out in each case Sum of the individual percentage values and a division of this sum 100.

Die Versuchslegierung 4 erbrachte, offensichtlich auf Grund des hohen Stickstoffgehaltes, eine porige bzw. undichte Blockstruktur und muß in der vergleichenden Betrachtung ausgespart bleiben.Test alloy 4 yielded, obviously due to the high Nitrogen content, a porous or leaky block structure and must in the comparative considerations are left out.

Nachstehend sind die Untersuchungsergebnisse stichwortartig begründet:

  • Leg. 1 und 2 : Zu geringe Härteannahme durch den zu geringen Kohlenstoffgehalt.
  • Leg. 3: Optimal durch optimale Abstimmung der Legierungselemente und Stickstoff; patentgemäße Legierung
  • Leg. 5: Über Druckumschmelzen hergestellt, zu hoher Restaustenitanteil wirkt sich negativ auf die Maßänderungsstabilität aus.
  • Leg. 6 und 9: Norm-Werkstoff; ungünstige Mikrostruktur ( Karbidbelegungen an den Korngrenzen und sog. Stringers), daraus folgen auch ungünstige Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Polierbarkeit und Maßänderungsstabilität.
  • Leg. 7 und 8: Norm- Werkstoff; durch geringeren Kohlenstoff gleichmäßigere Karbidverteilung, d.h. günstigere Polierbarkeit und Maßänderungsstabilität (weil kein Restaustenit), jedoch unzureichende Korrosionsbeständigkeit.
  • Leg. 10: Korrosionsbeständigkeit ist besser im Vergleich mit Leg. 6 und 9, aber duch zu hohen C-Gehalt auch ungünstige Karbidverteilung, was sich schlecht auf die Polierbarkeit und Maßänderungsstabilität auswirkt.
  • Leg. 11: Korrosion ist im Vergleich mit Leg. 10 besser, aber C+ N ist zu hoch, d.h, der Restaustenitanteil ist zu hoch, d.h. schlechter Einfluß auf die Polierbarkeit und Maßänderungsstabilität.
  • Leg. 12: Norm-Werkstoff mit 17% Cr. Ungünstige Gefügeausbildung, d.h. schlechte Polierbarkeit und Maßänderungsstabilität, auch schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit ist durch den hohen Cr-Gehalt gut.
  • Leg. 13: Aufgestickte Variante der Leg. 12, sehr gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Gefügeeigenschaften werden durch N jedoch nur unzureichend verbessert.
    • The results of the investigation are briefly justified below:
  • Leg. 1 and 2: Too little hardness acceptance due to the too low carbon content.
  • Leg. 3: Optimal through optimal coordination of the alloying elements and nitrogen; patented alloy
  • Leg. 5: Made by pressure remelting, excessive austenite content has a negative effect on dimensional stability.
  • Leg. 6 and 9: standard material; unfavorable microstructure (carbide deposits at the grain boundaries and so-called stringers), which also results in unfavorable corrosion resistance, polishability and dimensional change stability.
  • Leg. 7 and 8: standard material; due to lower carbon, more uniform carbide distribution, ie better polishability and dimensional change stability (because no residual austenite), but insufficient corrosion resistance.
  • Leg. 10: Corrosion resistance is better compared to Leg. 6 and 9, but due to the high C content also unfavorable carbide distribution, which has a bad effect on polishability and dimensional stability.
  • Leg. 11: Corrosion is compared to Leg. 10 better, but C + N is too high, ie the residual austenite content is too high, ie poor influence on the polishability and dimensional stability.
  • Leg. 12: Standard material with 17% Cr. Unfavorable microstructure, ie poor polishability and dimensional change stability, also poor mechanical properties, the high Cr content makes the corrosion resistance good.
  • Leg. 13: Embroidered variant of the leg. 12, very good corrosion resistance, structural properties are only insufficiently improved by N.

    • Anhand des Härte- und Anlaßverhaltend ( Fig. 1), des Langzeitverhaltens (Fig.2), eines Korrosionstests ( Fig. 3), einer Gegenüberstellung von Gefügebildern (Fig.I 4a, 4b) und einer Polierfähigkeitsprüfung ( Fig.5) wird eine erfindungsgemäße Legierung 3 mit Normlegierungen verglichen.Based on the hardness and tempering behavior (Fig. 1), the long-term behavior (Fig. 2), a corrosion test (Fig. 3), a comparison of micrographs (Fig.I 4a, 4b) and a polishability test (FIG. 5) is an inventive Alloy 3 compared with standard alloys.

    Aus Fig. 1 ist entnehmbar, daß im Vergleich mit den Normlegierungen 7 und 9 die Legierung 3 über den gesamten Anlaßbereich ein höheres Härtevermögen aufweist. Der Grund für dieses Verhalaten ist in dem ausgewogenen Verhältnis der Legierungselemente zueinander bzw. der günstigen Wechselwirkung der Aktivitäten der Elemente in Verbindung mit Stickstoff zu sehen. Ein hohes Härtevermögen bei einer Anlaßtemperatur von 200°C ist beispielsweise für niedrigangelassene korrosionsbeständige Kunststofformen von Vorteil.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that in comparison with the standard alloys 7 and 9 Alloy 3 has a higher hardness over the entire tempering range. The reason for this behavior is in the balanced ratio of Alloy elements to each other or the favorable interaction of the activities of elements seen in conjunction with nitrogen. A high level of hardness a tempering temperature of 200 ° C is for example for low tempered Corrosion-resistant plastic molds are an advantage.

    Fig. 2 zeigt die Abhängigkeit der Härte von der Glühdauer und vermittelt ein sehr gutes Langzeitverhalten einer erfindungsgemäßen Leg. 3 bei 550°C, das heißt, eine besondere Eignung dieses Werkstoffes für Belastungen bei höheren Arbeitstemperaturen über lange Zeiten, wie dies zum Beispiel bei Glaspreßformen gegeben ist. diese günstige Materialeigenschaft kann wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft zur Verrrinerung der Zyklusseite genützt werden, das heißt, bei gleicher Standzeit des Werkzeuges ist dieses bei höhrerer Temperatur im Einsatz.Fig. 2 shows the dependence of hardness on the annealing time and conveys a very good long-term behavior of a leg according to the invention. 3 at 550 ° C, that is, one This material is particularly suitable for higher loads Working temperatures over long periods, as is the case with glass molds, for example given is. this favorable material property can be economically advantageous Reduction of the cycle side can be used, that is, with the same service life of the This tool is used at a higher temperature.

    In Fig. 3 ist vergleichend mit Normlegierungen die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Leg. 3 dargestellt. Dabei erreicht die erfindungsgemäße Legierung 3 die Korrosionsbeständigkeit einers 17%igen Chromstahles ( Werkstoffnummer 1.2316).In Fig. 3, the corrosion resistance of the leg is compared with standard alloys. 3 shown. Alloy 3 according to the invention achieves this Corrosion resistance of a 17% chromium steel (material number 1.2316).

    Aus den Fig. 4a und 4b kann entnommen werden, daß die erfindungsgemäße Legierung 3 eine morphologisch wesentlich gleichmäßigere Gefügeausbildung als der genormte, als gut polierbar geltende Werkstoff DIN 1.428 besitzt. Dafür ist synergetisch die Wirkung bzw. Wechselwirkung der Legierungselemente mit dem Stickstoff maßgebend.From Figs. 4a and 4b it can be seen that the invention Alloy 3 has a much more uniform morphological structure than has the standardized material DIN 1.428, which can be easily polished. For that is synergistically the effect or interaction of the alloying elements with the Nitrogen decisive.

    In Fig. 5 ist anhand von vergleichenden Polierfähigkeitsuntersuchungen augenfällig der Vorteil einer Legierung 3 gemäß der Erfindung dargestellt, die insbesondere durch eine besondere Gefügehomogenität diese günstige Eigenschaft aufweist.In Fig. 5 it is evident from comparative polishing ability studies the advantage of an alloy 3 according to the invention, which in particular due to a special structural homogeneity this favorable property.

    Claims (5)

    Martensitischer korrosionsbeständiger Chromstahl enthaltend in Gew.-% 0,2 bis 0,4 Kohlenstoff 0,15 bis 0,5 Silizium 0,15 bis 0,6 Mangan 12,0 bis 15,0 Chrom max 0,28 Nickel 0,05 bis 0,19 Stickstoff
    Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen mit der Maßgabe, daß das Verhältnis Kohlenstoff/Stickstoff über einem Wert von 2,0 liegt.    Martensitic corrosion-resistant chrome steel containing in% by weight 0.2 up to 0.4 carbon 0.15 up to 0.5 silicon 0.15 up to 0.6 manganese 12.0 up to 15.0 chrome max 0.28 nickel 0.05 up to 0.19 nitrogen
    Balance iron and manufacturing-related impurities with the proviso that the carbon / nitrogen ratio is above a value of 2.0.         Chromstahl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration an Kohlenstoff 0,25 bis 0,30 Gew.-% beträgt.Chromium steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of carbon is 0.25 to 0.30% by weight. Chromstahl nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration an Stickstoff 0,07 bis 0,15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,08 bis 0,12 Gew.-%, beträgt.Chromium steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concentration of nitrogen is 0.07 to 0.15% by weight, preferably 0.08 to 0.12% by weight. Chromstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximale Konzentration an Molybdän plus ( Wolfram x 0,5) höchstens 0,28 Gew.-% beträgt.Chromium steel according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the maximum concentration of molybdenum plus (tungsten x 0.5) is at most 0.28% by weight. Chromstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximale Konzentration an Titan 0,01 , vorzugsweise 0,006 Gew.-% Aluminium 0,05, vorzugsweise 0,025 Gew.-% Niob 0,01, vorzugsweise 0,006 Gew.-%
    betragen.    Chromium steel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the maximum concentration Titanium 0.01, preferably 0.006% by weight Aluminum 0.05, preferably 0.025% by weight Niobium 0.01, preferably 0.006% by weight
    be.
    EP00890145A 1999-05-10 2000-05-09 Martensitic corrosion resistant chromium steel Expired - Lifetime EP1052304B1 (en)

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    AT0084399A AT407647B (en) 1999-05-10 1999-05-10 MARTENSITIC CORROSION RESISTANT CHROME STEEL
    AT84399 1999-05-10

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    EP1717332A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-11-02 BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH Plastic mold
    WO2008033084A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Steel alloy, a holder or a holder detail for a plastic moulding tool, a tough hardened blank for a holder or holder detail, a process for producing a steel alloy
    EP2875926A1 (en) 2013-11-21 2015-05-27 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Method for the production of plastic moulds made from martensitic chromium steel and plastic mould
    WO2015124169A1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-08-27 Schmiedewerke Gröditz Gmbh Chromium steel for machine parts subject to strong wear, in particular pelletization matrices
    CN109207856A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-15 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Nitrogenous plastic mould band steel and its production method

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    WO2008033084A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Steel alloy, a holder or a holder detail for a plastic moulding tool, a tough hardened blank for a holder or holder detail, a process for producing a steel alloy
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    CN109207856A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-15 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Nitrogenous plastic mould band steel and its production method
    CN109207856B (en) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-14 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Nitrogenous plastic die flat steel and production method thereof

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    SI1052304T1 (en) 2006-04-30
    ATE314501T1 (en) 2006-01-15
    DK1052304T3 (en) 2006-05-15
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