Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
  • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
  • A61B5/332—Portable devices specially adapted therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
  • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
  • A61B2560/0462—Apparatus with built-in sensors
  • A61B2560/0468—Built-in electrodes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
  • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
  • A61B5/0006—ECG or EEG signals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
  • A61B5/7217—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus, e.g. from a pacemaker

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of electrocardiography. More specifically, the invention relates to an ambulatory device for recording an electrocardiogram.
• This patent describes a device for successively recording a control electrocardiogram, then a second electrocardiogram of the same patient, then comparing them after transmission to a remote computer equipment.
• the device described in this patent requires the installation of a plurality of electrodes connected to the housing by cords. These electrodes must be fixed to the body by bracelets or similar means.
• the handling of the device is simplified to the extreme. Indeed, when the patient recognizes signs of a crisis, or thinks of recognizing such signs, it is desirable that the manipulations be very simple to perform.
• the device of the prior art is not entirely satisfactory in this regard. Indeed, it requires the placement of three electrodes in three separate parts of the patient's body, optionally the connection of, sockets for connecting the cables connecting the electrodes to the housing ambulatory and manipulation of a device to which are connected several cables of almost 'a meter long.
• WO94 / 03106 is also known in the state of the art. This document constitutes the closest state of the art. It discloses an acquisition unit comprising 9 electrodes. Six of these electrodes are arranged on a housing, according to a rigid curved surface. The other electrodes corresponding to the peripheral signals are intended to be applied against the patient's skin, at the level of the two arms and the groin.
• the solution proposed by the invention consists in selecting a reduced number of precordial signals, and in carrying out the acquisition of the upper peripheral signals by electrodes arranged on the housing, allowing the application of the thumb.
• the correct application of the electrodes to the chest is carried out under good conditions. It is indeed easy to apply three points on the curved surface of the chest, regardless of the patient's morphology.
• the object of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks by proposing an electrocardiogram recording device which can be used efficiently and ergonomically by the patient himself, or by personnel of low qualification level.
• the invention aims to simplify the acquisition of signals, and to make the quality of the signals more independent of the problems of positioning and fixing of skin electrodes.
• Another important object of the invention is to allow the acquisition of information for the analysis of repolarization anomalies, and not only of arrhythmia. These abnormalities allow the doctor, who will have the recording of the signals, to diagnose pathologies such as coronary spasms, angina pectoris, heart attacks, heart failure, cardiovascular accidents, and also to locate the anomaly. .
• Such a device is therefore particularly suited to the needs of people with pacemakers.
• the invention relates in its most general sense to a device comprising a portable box and means for acquisition, processing and storage of electrical signals delivered by electrodes, characterized in that said box has on a face a first series of three metal electrodes arranged so that they can be applied to the patient's chest to acquire three precordial signals and a second series of two metal electrodes arranged on another face so as to allow the application of thumbs for the acquisition of two peripheral signals, as well as a skin electrode for the acquisition of a third peripheral signal, connected to the housing by a connection cable.
• the essential characteristic of the invention relates to the choice of the precordial and peripheral signals acquired.
• None of the devices of the prior art makes it possible to respond satisfactorily to the problem posed by the acquisition by a moderately experienced user of a complete and good quality ecg signal.
• the device can thus directly acquire five leads, and calculate three additional leads, by the simple application of the box against the chest, and the placement of a skin electrode only.
• the position of the first series of electrodes is determined so as to allow the application of the central electrode at the level of the left nipple, corresponding to the precordial V3, and the application of the lateral electrodes on both sides. other of the nipple, corresponding respectively to the V2 precordial and to a point located between the V4 and V5 precordials.
• the first series of electrodes is arranged on the concave lateral face of the housing, and in that the second series electrode is arranged on either side of the upper face of the housing, the shape of the housing being determined to allow a two-handed support, between the thumbs pressed respectively on the two electrodes of the second series, and the indexes.
• the device includes a graphic screen for viewing a previously acquired and stored trace, for viewing all of the traces, in particular the trace of the percritical electrocardiogram, and / or for viewing information relating to the patient. .
• This embodiment has an essential technical effect: it allows a doctor to immediately analyze the electrocardiogram recorded by the patient. It relatively often happens that the supposed crisis situation occurs in a public place, for example a store, an airplane, a train, ... In such a situation, the patient can make a recording of his electrocardiogram and present the device to a doctor present in the public place to allow him to visualize the electrocardiogram and carry out an analysis on site.
• This variant is also suitable for field medicine, in regions that are medically ill-equipped. It then allows medical personnel equipped with light and ambulatory means to carry out examinations hitherto reserved for offices equipped with expensive equipment.
• the device according to the invention comprises a modem for the transmission of the information recorded to a remote device.
• the device comprises a connector for a peripheral, for example a microcomputer or a printer, said connector being protected by a hatch closable by a flap activating in position opening a contactor ensuring the disconnection of the electrodes.
• This embodiment avoids any risk of electric shock, even if the user tries to make a wrong connection.
• the device comprises means for memorizing at least one procedure for accessing remote equipment.
• This procedure can be constituted simply by the telephone number, or by a more elaborate procedure comprising stages of detection of the reception by the remote equipment, and the transmission to another equipment if the first is not activated.
• the device comprises means for storing at least one piece of information identifying the user of the device, said information being able to be transmitted by modem and displayed on the screen of the device.
• the device comprises a socket for the connection of a universal connector having connection means compatible with a plurality of electrocardiographs.
• This variant allows the connection of any standard electrocardiogram, for example a pen electrocardiogram, for processing the information recorded by the patient in a format to which the doctor is accustomed.
• the device comprises means for memorizing at least one reference electrocardiogram and a plurality of electrocardiograms recorded in a re-recordable buffer memory.
• two reference electrocardiograms are recorded, one with the pacemaker activated, the other with the pacemaker deactivated.
• the device comprises means for calculating a plurality of descriptors corresponding to the signals acquired by the electrodes, said descriptors being stored and suitable for being transmitted to the remote equipment.
• the invention also relates to equipment for the interpretation of electrocardiograms recorded by an ambulatory device, characterized in that it comprises a microcomputer provided with means suitable for receiving, storing and viewing the information transmitted by said ambulatory device.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the positioning of the device in use
• the device according to the embodiment described without limitation is constituted by a plastic housing having a thickness of about 60 mm and a width of about 200 mm. It has a concave front face (2) and an upper face (3) provided with control means.
• the concave front face (2) has three metal electrodes (4, 5, 6) arranged transversely relative to the concave face.
• the electrodes have a contact surface of approximately 10 mm wide and 35 mm high.
• the radius of curvature of the concave front face (2) is approximately 300 mm and the distance between two consecutive electrodes approximately 60 mm.
• the upper face (3) has two metal electrodes (7, 8) of circular shape, having a diameter of about 15 mm.
• the upper face (3) also has control buttons (9, 10, 11) intended for switching the device on and off, and for selection using a menu appearing on a screen.
• This screen (12) allows the display of textual information, as well as graphic information.
• the housing also includes a cord terminated by a skin electrode of the "keel" type. This electrode is in the form of a metal conductor with a length of approximately 40 mm and a section of approximately 5 mm, preferably made of chromed brass. On one end is welded an electrical conductor. A plastic cap is molded over the weld. This molded cap protects the electrical connection.
• the side face (13) of the housing has a hatch (14) closable by a movable flap.
• This hatch protects a connector for the connection of a multistandard connector for the connection of the ambulatory recorder to a traditional electrocardiograph.
• opening the shutter activates a switch controlling the isolation of the electrodes (4 to 8) and of the skin electrode.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the use of the housing.
• the patient presses the housing against his chest, holding it with both hands.
• the right thumb rests on the electrode (8) and the left thumb rests on the electrode (7).
• the central electrode (5) is applied under the nipple, and the two lateral electrodes (4, 6) are applied against the chest, on either side of a substantially horizontal line.
• the central electrode (5) is thus applied against the precordial point V3, and the lateral electrodes (4, 6) against the precordial point V2, and against a point located between the precordial points V4 and V5.
• the signal corresponding to the V3 precordial is processed to provide a signal corresponding to the neutral.
• the device allows the simultaneous recording of 5 leads and the reconstruction of 3 additional leads for the storage and display of 8 leads of the electrocardiogram (Dl, D2, D3, aVR, aVL, aVF, V2 and V5) during a period of a few seconds, 12 seconds for example.
• the signals acquired by the 6 electrodes are processed in a generally known manner. They are first preamplified and then digitized by an analog-digital converter. These digitized signals are then filtered to remove noises such as the "50 Hz" signal and the various predictable artifacts.
• the signal thus processed is then stored in a non-volatile memory comprising in the example described 6 locations. Recording a new series of signals will erase the oldest recording. This data can also be viewed graphically on the screen (12).
• the device allows the simultaneous capture of 5 leads of 12 seconds, the calculation of three additional leads and the memorization of 8 or more tracks, the comparison with one or two reference electrocardiograms and the remote transmission of the stored data. .
• the digitized and preprocessed signals are also interpreted by “expert-system” software extracting a plurality of descriptors. In the example described, we proceed to the extraction of 243 descriptors. These descriptors can be stored and transmitted to a remote device with great efficiency, because the data occupies a very small volume while representing information of great density.
• the recorded data is transmitted to a remote station connected to the ambulatory device via the switched telephone network, by a cellular network or a digital network, or even by a dedicated network of the "extranet" type.
• the data may include one or more recent records made by the patient, possibly one or more reference records, data on the identity of the patient, and the descriptors of the various records.
• the first experiments conducted in a confidential manner made it possible to highlight the quality of the recognition and the restitution of the artefacts induced by the functioning of a pacemaker (spikes).
• Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment, in which a housing (30) has two arms (31, 32). These arms (31, 32) can be retractable, for example by an articulation allowing them to be folded against a face or an edge of the housing, in order to reduce the bulk when the device is not in use. Arms
• the arm (31, 32) carry at their end metal electrodes, or plastic material charged with metal charges or made conductive.
• the arm (31, 32) advantageously have, in the position of use, an inclination relative to the center axis of the housing, so as to facilitate the positioning of the electrodes on the precordial point V2 and on a precordial point situated between V4 and V5.
• the central electrode is carried by the housing.
• the housing also has two metallized zones (33, 34) for supporting the fingers of the hand.
• the housing (30) is provided with a retractable rod which can extend up to the groin of the user.
• This rod consists of two segments (38, 39) sliding one inside the other.
• the distal segment (39) has an electrode for acquiring a peripheral signal.
• the two rods (38, 39) can be produced by blades, articulated by a hinge (37) allowing the retractable rod to follow the morphology of the user's body.
• the distance between the submamellar contact and the groin contact is advantageously between 240 and 290 centimeters. It can be fixed at 250 mm so as to allow adaptation to different body sizes.
• the peripheral electrode can be produced in the form of a bar or a stud.
• the connection to the telephone set is made using a connector (40).
• Figure 4 shows a view of the device, from the back.
• the arms (31, 32) carry metallized zones (41, 42) at their end.
• the housing has a metallized zone (45) for the acquisition of the Neutral signal in the submamellar position.
• the blade (39) slides relative to the blade (38) in an arcuate movement, in order to allow adaptation to the size of the user and to his curvatures.
• a compartment for the supply batteries is closed by a hatch.
• Figure 5 shows the device in the transport position.
• the arms (31, 32) are folded over the housing (30).
• the blade (39) is retracted into the blade (38), which is itself pushed back into a housing provided on the housing (30).
• An advantageous usage protocol is described in the following. It includes an initialization phase prior to the use of the device.
• the initialization phase consists, for the user to whom the device is rented, handed over or sold, to carry out a first series of one to six acquisition of electrocardiograms.
• the ECG signals are stored in the device, in memory.
• a socket identical to the standard socket of a telephone handset may include a microphone and a loudspeaker to allow dialogue with an operator.
• Switching to voice mode or data transmission mode is done manually, by the action of the user on a key intended to initiate the remote transmission procedure. It can also be triggered remotely, by the server or by an operator.
• the series of configuration ecg is transmitted to the processing center which uses this data to determine which of these percritical traces can be chosen as the reference trace.
• the treatment center initializes the device by transmitting information such as a patient identifier, data specific to the patient and / or his attending physician, or even part of his medical file, and to the 'deletion of the traces other than the trace selected to constitute the reference trace.
• the on-board memory in the box can include: the identification of the patient the situation of the subscription the reference trace. In the event of a crisis, the patient transmits this data after a voice discussion, as well as the route he has just to realise.
• communication with the processing center can be carried out using a GSM module integrated in the housing.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=9522271

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (51)

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• 1998
  • 1998-01-28 FR FR9800919A patent/FR2773985B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-01-27 CN CNB998024732A patent/CN1178624C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-01-27 IL IL13751499A patent/IL137514A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-01-27 JP JP2000529175A patent/JP2002501775A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-01-27 EP EP99901634A patent/EP1051107A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-01-27 CA CA002319025A patent/CA2319025A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-01-27 WO PCT/FR1999/000157 patent/WO1999038436A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2000
  • 2000-07-25 IL IL137514A patent/IL137514A/en unknown
  • 2000-07-26 US US09/625,455 patent/US6363274B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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