EP1046862A1 - Brûleur avec chemin de circulation helicoidal pour les produits de combustion - Google Patents

Brûleur avec chemin de circulation helicoidal pour les produits de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1046862A1
EP1046862A1 EP00850063A EP00850063A EP1046862A1 EP 1046862 A1 EP1046862 A1 EP 1046862A1 EP 00850063 A EP00850063 A EP 00850063A EP 00850063 A EP00850063 A EP 00850063A EP 1046862 A1 EP1046862 A1 EP 1046862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion
burner pipe
pipe
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00850063A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Lorenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1046862A1 publication Critical patent/EP1046862A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/34—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/32—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the combustion of solid fuel for heating purposes, and specifically relates to a method of discharging products of combustion from a burner pipe of a solid fuel burner, as specified in the preamble of the attached claim 1, a combustion system or installation having a solid fuel burner, as specified in the preamble of the attached claim 6 and a solid fuel burner as specified in the preamble of the attached claim 12.
  • Burners and other equipment for burning different kinds of solid fuel predominantly pellets, but also wood chips and to a certain degree also residual materials such as sawdust and certain types of waste, have been developed for a long time within the technical field in question.
  • Said development has basically aimed at improving the burner designs as such for the purpose of theoretically optimizing the combustion of solid fuel, and not at finding new total solutions such as combinations of burner, boiler and possibly accumulator tank that are adapted to each other and that are optimized for the combustion of the type of fuel in question.
  • a basic object of the invention is to find a simple and comparatively very inexpensive method of enabling the production of a combustion installation for solid material that is designed based on the current demands for functionality, compactness and possibility of integrating different heat sources. Expressed otherwise the object is to provide a method of solving the above discussed problems, starting directly from the conditions applicable to the combustion of the fuel in question, instead of the usual adjustment of a traditional combustion installation.
  • the invention is based on the insight that a very efficient cooling of the combustion gases in combination with an unprecedented functionality can be obtained by redirecting the combustion gases immediately after they have left the burner, and by passing them back a long path along the outer side of the burner pipe, in a direction opposite the in-feed direction of the fuel.
  • the invention suggests subjecting the combustion gases to a helical motion around the outer side of the burner pipe while being simultaneously passed back along the outside of the burner pipe, in a direction generally opposite that of the fuel in-feed direction, and emitting heat to a surrounding heat absorbing medium.
  • the burner pipe is caused to rotate and a first feed screw is provided at the outer periphery of the burner pipe, fixed to the burner pipe.
  • this provides for an improved discharge of combustion residue in a very compact design that is very well suited for integration into installations or systems having anything from a very small water-filled jacket or cassette to an accumulator tank, for instance in a heating system designed for several different heat sources.
  • a very efficient and complete combustion may be obtained by subjecting a fuel-air mixture and the combustion gases as well as possible combustion residue to a rotary motion by means of a tangential secondary-air supply and/or by means of a formation on the inner surface of the burner pipe, which also supports the discharge of the combustion gases and combustion residue from the burner pipe.
  • the combustion gases and the combustion residue is transported back along substantially the entire length of the burner pipe and is diverted from the burner in connection with a first end thereof, where the fuel supply is provided.
  • the design in accordance with the basic object of the invention is combined with such a dimensioning and insulation of the burner pipe that a substantially complete combustion of the fuel takes place in the burner pipe, which will thereby practically form the burner as well as the heater.
  • the combustion gas duct is substantially helical and consists of an outer duct wall that surrounds the outer circumference of the burner pipe, that is provided with an end wall at a distance outside one end of the burner pipe, that extends along the outer side of the burner pipe and that is in contact with a heat absorbing medium at its outer side.
  • the combustion gases have left said end of the burner pipe they are redirected 180° and are thereby lead back along the outer side of the burner pipe while emitting heat to the surrounding heat absorbing medium.
  • the burner pipe is provided with an outer helix forming the helical duct as well as a feed screw is rotatably journalled and is caused to rotate by a drive means, thereby enhancing the discharge of combustion residue.
  • the burner pipe of the burner is provided with a first feed screw at its outer circumference, said feed screw being rigidly attached thereto.
  • the burner pipe is rotatably journalled and is connected to a drive means for rotating the burner pipe around its longitudinal center axis.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section through a burner that is generally designated by the reference numeral 1 and that in its illustrated design is intended for burning pellets. However, with small modifications that are not specifically illustrated or described herein the burner may be adapted for burning other solid fuels, such as chips and sawdust.
  • the burner 1 is illustrated in fig. 1 in an application for integration into an accumulator tank 10, which is only schematically indicated, or other corresponding water volume.
  • the burner 1 is designed as a unit, such as a cassette that may be inserted into a cavity 6 in the accumulator tank 10.
  • the wall 7 of the cavity 6 in the accumulator tank 10 forms an outer duct wall of a combustion gas duct that leads out from the burner 1 and the inner channel wall of which is formed by the outer side of the burner pipe 2 of the burner 1.
  • An end wall 7a closes the cavity or combustion gas channel 6 inwardly.
  • the effect is achieved that after having left the burner pipe 2 the combustion gases are redirected substantially 180° and are subjected to a helical motion around the outer side of the burner pipe 2, as will be described below. Simultaneously the combustion gases are lead back along the outer side of the burner pipe 2, in a direction B that is generally opposite to an in-feed direction A for fuel, while emitting heat to the surrounding heat absorbing medium in the tank 10.
  • the burner pipe 2 In its installed condition the burner pipe 2 extends into the cavity 6, and a forward end 2b thereof ends at a distance from the end wall 7a of the combustion gas duct 6. At a rear end 2a thereof the burner pipe 2 is rotatably journalled in a base unit 12 through appropriate bearings 13.
  • a base unit 12 In the embodiment of fig. 1 the configuration of the base unit 12 is illustrated in principle. It shall be obvious though, that the details of the base unit design can be changed and modified to a great extent within the scope of the invention, for adaptation to the application in question.
  • the base unit 12 basically consists of a support pipe 14 on which the burner pipe 2 is rotatably journalled.
  • a centre -pipe 11 coinciding with the longitudinal centre axis C of the burner 1 is provided in the interior of the support pipe 14, and serves to supply air, preferably primary air, to the combustion/gasification zone X of the burner 1.
  • the support pipe 14 communicates with a fuel supply, generally designated by the reference numeral 5, through an infeed pipe 15.
  • the fuel supply 5 is a gravity feed which, when required, may be supplemented by an active feeding by means of a screw or the like in the support pipe 14. An example of this is indicated in fig. 1 and is described more closely below.
  • the fuel is fed from a storage container, not shown, for the type of fuel in question, into the support pipe 14 and further into the burner pipe 2.
  • the fuel feed in the burner pipe is then performed in a manner described below.
  • a drive motor 8 is also supported by the base unit 12 to transmit rotation to the burner pipe 2 through a transmission 16 provided in a transmission housing 17.
  • the transmission is suitably of the type including an endless chain or belt passed over corresponding wheels attached to the output shaft of the motor 8 and to the outer side of the burner pipe 2 respectively, but other types of appropriate transmissions may also be employed.
  • the transmission housing 17 is built together with a connecting portion 18, a connecting wall 18a of which is intended to form a fluid tight connection with the outer wall of the accumulator 10, surrounding the cavity 6.
  • the connecting wall 18a is formed having a central opening surrounded by a flange 18b that is intended to be inserted into the cavity 6.
  • the base unit is then connected to the accumulator tank 10 by means of suitable connecting means, not shown, for instance in the shape of bolt connections.
  • suitable connecting means not shown, for instance in the shape of bolt connections.
  • the connecting wall 18a and/or the connecting flange 18b are at their outer side provided with a suitable sealing material, as is indicated at 19.
  • the connecting portion 18 is connected to a combustion gas pipe 20 through which the combustion gases are lead out to the atmosphere.
  • the combustion gas temperature has been lowered so substantially in this stage that, if so desired, no chimney is required.
  • the connecting portion 18 is furthermore formed having an ash-collecting pocket 21, see fig. 2. Combustion residue that is discharged from the burner 1 and the cavity 6 in the manner described below, is collected in said pocket 21 so that it may be removed through a door that is not illustrated in the drawings,
  • the burner pipe 2 is rotatably supported on the support pipe 14 with its rear or first end 2a.
  • the burner pipe 2 In its installed condition the burner pipe 2 is inserted into the cavity 6 in the accumulator tank 10, so that its second or forward end terminates at a relatively short distance from the end wall 7a of the cavity 6.
  • the burner pipe 2 basically consists of a cylindrical steel pipe that at its inner surface may be provided with a thermal insulation 9 preferably consisting of a ceramic material.
  • the fact that the combustion gases are passed on the outside of the burner pipe 2 creates a kind of "insulation zone" between the combustion in the burner pipe 2 and the comparatively cold water in the tank 10.
  • combustion zone is "insulated"- compared to a situation where it was directly surrounded by air or water - which results in a higher temperature in the afterburning zone X 1 - Y.
  • insulation 9 or alternatively solely by the insulation of the burner pipe achieved by the surrounding combustion gas duct, and a corresponding dimensioning of the burner pipe 2 the gasification of the fuel as well as the afterburning may take place in the burner pipe 2, which does thereby also serve as a heater from which the combustion gases may be discharged directly to the combustion gas duct formed in the cavity 6.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a possible further alternative.
  • a continuos inner helix 4 may be provided on the inner side of the burner pipe 2, extending substantially from the first end 2a of the burner pipe to the combustion zone X.
  • This inner helix 4 forms a feed screw serving to continuously feed fuel into and through the burner pipe 2, up to the combustion zone X, when the burner pipe is rotated.
  • it may be appropriate to perform the infeed of fuel from the area below the infeed pipe 15 and up to the rear end 2a of the burner pipe 2 by forming the inner feed screw 4 having an infeed portion 4".
  • this infeed portion is formed having a smaller diameter than the main portion of the feed screw 4 and is extended in a cantilevered manner into the support pipe 14, almost up to the end wall thereof.
  • the infeed portion 4" may be formed having substantially the same diameter as the main portion.
  • a formation 4' for instance having a helical shape, in the afterburning zone X 1 - Y, at the inner side of the insulation 9. This provides for a continuos "overturning" of the fuel such that new surfaces of unburned portions thereof are continuously exposed, thereby obtaining a very clean combustion.
  • a helical shape 4' may also contribute to the discharge of the combustion gases and possible combustion residue, that is ash, from the burner pipe 2, at Y.
  • the formations 4' possibly in combination with a later described tangential secondary air supply, would serve the purpose of generating a rotating air/fuel vortex inside the burner pipe, so that unburned particles will be present in a hot environment along such a long and helical path that complete combustion is achieved.
  • An outer uninterrupted helix 3 is provided on the outer side of the burner pipe 2, likewise extended substantially from the first end 2a to the second end 2b thereof.
  • This outer helix 3 forms an outer feed screw serving the purpose of discharging the combustion gases formed during combustion, upon rotation of the burner pipe 2.
  • the combustion gases are discharged along a helical path from the forward end 2b of the burner pipe 2 and to the connecting portion 12 and further on to the combustion gas pipe 20.
  • the outer feed screw 3 serves the purpose of discharging the combustion residue that is brought out from the forward end 2b of the burner pipe 2 and falls down onto the bottom of the substantially horizontally provided cavity 6.
  • This combustion residue essentially in the form of ash, is pushed along the bottom of the cavity 6 by the outer feed screw, in a direction towards the rear end 2a of the burner pipe 2, until it falls down into the ash-collecting pocket 21, from which it can be removed at regular intervals.
  • the outer feed screw 3 is formed having a differing pitch along its length, as is clear from fig. 1.
  • the outer feed screw 3 has a decreasing pitch as seen in a direction from the forward end 2b of the burner pipe 2 towards its rear end, and this configuration is preferred in most cases, since the combustion gases have a higher temperature and thereby a larger volume closer to the forward end of the burner pipe.
  • the inner helical formation 4' may likewise have a variable pitch.
  • Fuel is introduced from the storage container, not shown, to the burner pipe 2 through the infeed pipe 15 and the support pipe 14.
  • the fuel is fed into the burner pipe, in a direction towards the combustion zone X.
  • the speed of the motor 8 may be regulated by means of appropriate control equipment that forms no part of the present invention.
  • the control equipment may be a simple on-off control, since the water volume of the tank serves as a buffer and provides for reasonable operating times. In other applications it may be justified to employ a more sophisticated control providing a continuos adjustment of the effective output to the particular demand.
  • primary air is supplied at the beginning of the combustion zone X through the central pipe 11.
  • secondary air is supplied at the arrows designated by L in the combustion zone, preferably through channels in the burner pipe 2.
  • the secondary air may advantageously be supplied in a tangential direction - with respect to the circumference of the burner pipe - in order to cause rotation of the fuel-air mixture in the burner pipe 2.
  • the combustion gases and ash formed during combustion are brought out from the burner pipe 2 at Y and enter the cavity 6 in the accumulator tank 10.
  • This cavity 6 together with the outer side of the burner pipe 2 and the outer feed screw 3 formed there, form a combustion gas duct as well as an ash discharge means or ash conveyor.
  • the combustion gases will be passed along a long helical path around the wall 7 of the cavity so that they will be maximally cooled by the extended contact with the wall 7 in turn being cooled by the water or a corresponding medium in the tank 10.
  • the pitch of the first outer helix 3 as well as the distance between the burner pipe 2 and the duct wall 7 may be varied so that the desired combustion gas temperature is achieved.
  • an efficient condensing burner may be designed by means of the invention.
  • the characterizing feature of the invention in its basic scope, is the fact that the supply of fuel and the discharge of combustion gases as well as the removal of ash is carried out generally from the same area of the installation, in mutually opposite directions.
  • the burner may be designed to be very compact so that it is very well suited for a direct installation in a water volume, the wall of which contributes to forming the combustion gas duct.
  • the burner may easily be installed in an accumulator tank as a direct substitution for an electric heating element. In this manner is provided a possibility of performing a very simple connection of the combustion gas discharge as well as of the fuel supply.
  • Another advantage that is achieved by virtue of the design comprising one single moveable part in the form of the rotary burner pipe being provided with outer and inner helixes, is a very simple and service friendly design. Such a design is well suited for being produced as a cassette that may be readily installed and replaced.
  • the feeding of the combustion gases in the helical combustion gas duct formed by the flange is achieved through an appropriate setting and control of an appropriate separate blower or by means of the blower performing the supply of primary and secondary air.
  • the invention is very well suited for an application in systems integrating several heat sources and requiring an accumulation volume, such as a combination system utilizing solar heat, solid fuel heating, preferably with pellets, and night tariff.
  • a combustion installation having minimal dimensions. This is accomplished by inserting the burner 1 into a cavity of a water cassette that may have a minimal water volume of from for instance 10 liters and upwards. In the example of a water volume of 10 liters the burner pipe 2 would be jacketed by a water gap of approximately 2 cm and would in practice function as a flow-through heater. This solution may well be applied to anything from a tiled stove or an iron stove having a thin water jacket, to a boiler having a small water volume and up to a cassette in an accumulator tank.
EP00850063A 1999-04-21 2000-04-11 Brûleur avec chemin de circulation helicoidal pour les produits de combustion Withdrawn EP1046862A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9901433A SE513953C2 (sv) 1999-04-21 1999-04-21 Brännare för fasta bränslen, förbränningsanläggning med en brännare för fasta bränslen och ett sätt att från ett brännarrör i en brännare för fasta bränslen utmata förbränningsprodukter, såsom bildade rökgaser och förbränningsrester
SE9901433 1999-04-21

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EP1046862A1 true EP1046862A1 (fr) 2000-10-25

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EP00850063A Withdrawn EP1046862A1 (fr) 1999-04-21 2000-04-11 Brûleur avec chemin de circulation helicoidal pour les produits de combustion

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EP (1) EP1046862A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE513953C2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1843091A1 (fr) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-10 Biovarme ApS Brûleur à combustible solide et procédé de nettoyage de la chambre de combustion

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3357377A (en) * 1965-09-03 1967-12-12 Pulp Paper Res Inst Combustion of organic waste material
US3878798A (en) * 1973-02-16 1975-04-22 Locaner Rotary furnace and coaxial ash-receiver incineration device
US4748918A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-06-07 Chang Shien F Incinerator for the high speed combustion of waste products
US4870911A (en) * 1988-08-05 1989-10-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for waste disposal and method
EP0384277A2 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-29 HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH Procédé et installation de combustion pour la réduction de la formation d'oxyde d'azote pendant la combustion de combustibles fossiles
DE9116403U1 (fr) * 1991-08-09 1992-11-19 Webasto Ag Fahrzeugtechnik, 8035 Stockdorf, De
US5326538A (en) * 1991-03-13 1994-07-05 Serawaste Systems Corporation Closed sterilization system for treating a product such as toxic or infectious waste
WO1998010223A1 (fr) * 1996-09-07 1998-03-12 Co., Ltd. Equa Incinerateur

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3357377A (en) * 1965-09-03 1967-12-12 Pulp Paper Res Inst Combustion of organic waste material
US3878798A (en) * 1973-02-16 1975-04-22 Locaner Rotary furnace and coaxial ash-receiver incineration device
US4748918A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-06-07 Chang Shien F Incinerator for the high speed combustion of waste products
US4870911A (en) * 1988-08-05 1989-10-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for waste disposal and method
EP0384277A2 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-29 HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH Procédé et installation de combustion pour la réduction de la formation d'oxyde d'azote pendant la combustion de combustibles fossiles
US5326538A (en) * 1991-03-13 1994-07-05 Serawaste Systems Corporation Closed sterilization system for treating a product such as toxic or infectious waste
DE9116403U1 (fr) * 1991-08-09 1992-11-19 Webasto Ag Fahrzeugtechnik, 8035 Stockdorf, De
WO1998010223A1 (fr) * 1996-09-07 1998-03-12 Co., Ltd. Equa Incinerateur
EP0926440A1 (fr) * 1996-09-07 1999-06-30 Equa Co., Ltd. Incinerateur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1843091A1 (fr) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-10 Biovarme ApS Brûleur à combustible solide et procédé de nettoyage de la chambre de combustion

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Publication number Publication date
SE9901433L (sv) 2000-10-22
SE9901433D0 (sv) 1999-04-21
SE513953C2 (sv) 2000-12-04

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