EP1046626A1 - Raketentreibsatz - Google Patents
Raketentreibsatz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1046626A1 EP1046626A1 EP00108297A EP00108297A EP1046626A1 EP 1046626 A1 EP1046626 A1 EP 1046626A1 EP 00108297 A EP00108297 A EP 00108297A EP 00108297 A EP00108297 A EP 00108297A EP 1046626 A1 EP1046626 A1 EP 1046626A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulation layer
- rocket propellant
- fuel
- weight
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rocket propellant reduced smoke combustion, especially for forehead burners, with a fuel based on ammonium perchlorate with a binder made from isocyanate-bound, hydroxy-terminated Polybutadiene and one surrounding the fuel inhibiting insulation layer. Furthermore, the invention to a method for producing such a rocket propellant directed.
- the inhibiting isolation When a rocket propellant that burns over 20, 40 or 60 s, the inhibiting isolation must be next good adhesion and compatibility with the fuel too perform a thermal protection function that the combustion chamber wall just like the inhibited non-burning Fuel surface before premature pyrolysis and ignition protects. With smoke-reduced composite fuels, that contain little or no particles in the exhaust gas the insulation must not release any particles. Likewise, at the high temperatures of the Do not generate soot clouds in the exhaust gas jet and only burn insignificantly, otherwise with small diameters the specific momentum of the fuel and thus reduces the power of the engine become. The sum of these properties is e.g.
- the invention has for its object a rocket propellant to create a simpler and cheaper one Production with an improved connection of the Allows fuel to the insulation. Furthermore, a Process for producing such a rocket propellant be proposed.
- this task is per se well-known smoke-reduced, polyurethane-bound composite fuel based on ammonium perchlorate and isocyanate-bound hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene solved in that for the inhibition of the fuel surface insulation is used that a Polyurethane binder and a filler combination of 2-8 % By weight, preferably 3-5% by weight silicon carbide, 18-16 % By weight, preferably 24-50% by weight of silica in the form of amorphous quartz powder and 2-20% by weight solid temperature-resistant Fibers with a length of 1-20mm are embedded in it contains.
- the insulation according to the invention usually also has a good one without mechanical or chemical pretreatment Liability to the fuel. It shows at high and low Temperature equally good elasticity and is about the composition of the polyurethane binder by the Share of di- or triisocyanate or added crosslinking Triplets adjustable in their mechanical properties.
- this isolation is advantageously based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene bonded with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or dimeryl diisocyanate (DMDI) or with other diisocyanates.
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- DMDI dimeryl diisocyanate
- Another polyester polyol or polyether polyol, which is bound with di-, tri or polymeric isocyanate, can also be used as the base material for the insulation.
- ultrafine silicon dioxide, ultrafine titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide can also be added as further fillers. These fillers are used in a grain size in the range of 20-50 nm for silicon dioxide and 50-1000 nm for TiO 2 and ZrO 2 . They cause the ceramic layer formed during pyrolysis to solidify, thereby reducing its swelling and ablation without influencing the heat transfer.
- Essential for the cohesion of the pyrolyzed layers is a proportion of 1-20% solid fibers in length from 1-20 mm in the form of high temperature resistant plastic fibers made of polyester, polyamide, polyimide or Polybenzimidazole fibers as well as on carbon fibers, glass or Silicate or ceramic fibers can be constructed.
- the fibers can be mixed before into the prepolymeric insulation mixture with water desized or organic solvent and if necessary with be provided with an adhesion-promoting layer. This can be used for glass, silicate or ceramic fibers made of functional Silanes, advantageous for plastic or carbon fibers made of polyisocyanate and short-chain polyester polyol consist.
- the fibers ensure the cohesion of the formed Slag and for the formation of a solid ceramized Layer.
- the insulation can be made into a corresponding slurry as a prepolymer slurry by die-casting or vacuum pull-up Form associated with the fuel.
- the insulation combines with the fuel for a fixed ready-to-install propellant block.
- the insulation can also be in the prepolymeric state in the combustion chamber or a non-stick coated Tube of the same inner diameter and ejected be cured.
- the propellant is then poured in of the fuel slurries in the finished, if necessary through mechanical roughening or chemical bonding agents pre-treated insulation jacket with subsequent hardening Made at 60-65 ° C.
- the fuel can be in the smoke-reduced version in addition to ammonium perchlorate (AP) in proportions of 50-90 %
- AP ammonium perchlorate
- nitramines such as hexogen or octogen
- ferric oxide or ferrocene derivatives as Combustion catalysts in proportions of 0 to 15% by weight
- the binder is advantageously composed of 8-20% by weight hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or dimeryl diisocyanate (DMDI) in equivalents Proportions was bound, as well as 2-8% by weight plasticizer, 0.1-0.5% by weight of antioxidant, optionally 0.1-0.3% by weight of processing aids, 50-500ppm curing catalyst, preferably triphenyl bismuth and 0.1-1% coupling agent for AP, preferably based on cyanoethylated polyamines or cyanoethylated polyamino alcohols.
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- DMDI dimeryl diisocyanate
- HTPB Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene
- IPDI Isophorone diisocyanate
- Antioxidant 0.20%
- Plasticizer diisooctyl adipate
- Adhesion promoter triphenyl bismuth
- Silicon carbide 4.53% SiO 2 powder quartz 33.79% TiO 2 super fine 1.90% Carbon fiber 3.65%
- the practical impulse of the fuel is about 93% the theoretical value, the weight loss of the insulation when burned up about 2%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| Ammoniumperchlorat (AP) | 200 m 48% |
| Ammoniumperchlorat (AP) | 30 m 24% |
| Oktogen (HMX) | 5 m 14% |
| Ferrocenderivat | 1% |
| = 2,2-Bisethylferrocenylpropan |
| Hydroxyterminiertes Polybutadien (HTPB) | 8,29% |
| Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI) | 0,67% |
| Antioxidanz | 0,20% |
| Weichmacher (Diisooctyladipat) | 3,70% |
| Haftvermittler (Triphenylwismut) | 200ppm |
| Hydroxyterminiertes Polybutadien | 49,42% |
| Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI) | 5,94% |
| 1,2,4-Butantriol | 0,57% |
| Antioxidanz | 0,20% |
| Eisenacetylacetonat (Härtungsbeschleuniger) | 0,006% |
| Siliciumcarbid | 4,53% |
| SiO2-Pulver Quarzgut | 33,79% |
| TiO2 superfein | 1,90% |
| Kohlefaser | 3,65% |
| Binder: | Iso 2 | Iso 3 | Iso 4 | Iso 5 | Iso 6 |
| HTPB | 54,16 | 43,21 | 47,76 | 44,14 | - |
| IPDI | 6,51 | 5,19 | 5,74 | 5,30 | 9,44 |
| Butantriol | 0,63 | 0,50 | 0,55 | 0,51 | 1,50 |
| Polyesterdiol | - | - | - | - | 39,06 |
| FeAc | 0,003 | 0,006 | 0,005 | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Antioxidanz | 0,15 | 0,20 | 0,19 | 0,18 | - |
| Füllstoffe | |||||
| SiC | 4,18 | 3,99 | 4,38 | 4,05 | 4,15 |
| SiO2 | 29,99 | 39,93 | 32,66 | 30,18 | 42,15 |
| SiO2 | |||||
| ultrafein | 1,02 | - | - | - | - |
| ZrO2 | - | 3,79 | - | - | - |
| TiO2 | - | - | 1,83 | 1,69 | - |
| Fasern | |||||
| C-Faser | 3,36 | 3,19 | - | - | 3,34 |
| SiO2/Al2O3-Faser | - | - | 6,89 | ||
| ZrO2-Faser | - | - | - | 13,95 | - |
Claims (21)
- Raketentreibsatz mit rauchreduziertem Abbrand, insbesondere für Stirnbrenner, mit einem Treibstoff auf der Basis von Ammoniumperchlorat mit einem Binder aus isocyanatgebundenem, hydroxyterminiertem Polybutadien und einer den Treibstoff umgebenden, inihibierenden Isolationsschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht aus einem Polyurethan-Binder und einer Füllstoff-Kombination aus 2 bis 8 Gew.% Siliciumcarbid, 20 bis 60 Gew.% Siliciumdioxid und temperaturfesten Kohlenstoff-, Polymer-, Silikat- oder Keramikfasern mit einer Länge von 1 bis 20 mm und einem Gehalt von 2 bis 20 Gew.% besteht.
- Raketentreibsatz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Treibstoff neben 50 bis 90 Gew.% Ammoniumperchlorat 0 bis 30 Gew.% Nitramine, wie Hexogen oder Oktogen, und 0,5 bis 15 Gew.% Abbrandkatalysatoren, z.B. Eisen-III-oxid oder Ferrocenderivate, enthält.
- Raketentreibsatz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Binder des Treibstoffs sich zusammensetzt aus 8 bis 20 Gew.% hydroxyterminiertem Polybutadien, das mit Isophorondiisocyanat oder Dimeryldiisocyanat in äquivalenten Anteilen gebunden ist, etwa 2 bis 8 Gew.% Weichmacher, 0,3 bis 0,5 Gew.% Antioxidantien, 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.% Verarbeitungshilfsstoffe, 50 bis 500 ppm Härtungekatalysator und 0,1 bis 1 Gew.% Haftvermittler.
- Raketentreibsatz nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Härtungskatalysator Triphenylwismut ist.
- Raketentreibsatz nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Haftvermittler auf der Basis cyanethylierter Polyamine aufgebaut ist.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, daduch gekennzeichnet, daß der Haftvermittler auf der Basis cyanethylierter Polyaminokohole aufgebaut ist.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationeschicht als Binder 30 bis 70 Gew.% hydroxyterminiertes Polybutadien, Polyester- oder Polyetherpolyol, das mit Di- oder Triisocyanat, wahlweise einem Triol in äquivalenten Anteilen gebunden ist, enthält.
- Raketentreibsatz nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Binder der Isolationsschicht mit Anteilen von 40 bis 55 Gew.% vorgesehen ist.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerfasern der Isolationsschicht aus Polyester, Polyamid, Polybenzimidazol oder anderen temperaturbeständigen Kunstharzen bestehen.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht Glasfasern enthält.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllstoff-Kombination der Isolationsschicht zusätzlich 0,5 bis 5 Gew.% ultrafeines Titandioxid, Siliciumdioxid oder Zirkondioxid mit einer Korngröße von 20 bis 1000 nm enthält.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht beim Abbrand des Treibstoffs und der dabei erfolgenden Pyrolyse der organischen Bestandteile eine nicht ablatierende, thermische Isolierung der Brennkammerwand bildet.
- Raketentreibsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht beim Abbrand des Treibstoffs eine keramisierte Schicht bildet.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Raketentreibsatzes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllstoffe der Füllstoff-Kombination und der Binder in einem Knetprozeß homogenisiert werden und anschließend zu der Isolationsschicht unter Aushärten des Binders verarbeitet werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern vor dem Einarbeiten in den Binder in Wasser oder Lösungsmitteln entschlichtet und anschließend mit einer Haftvermittlerlösung behandelt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Silikat-, Glas- oder Keramikfasern eine Haftvermittlerlösung auf der Basis funktionalisierter Silane eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Polymer- oder Kohlenstoffasern eine Haftvermittlerlösung aus einem Gemisch von Polyisocyanat und kurzkettigem Polyester- oder Polyetherpolyol eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Treibstoff als Formkörper in eine Gießform oder in die Brennkammer eingesetzt und mit der Mischung der Isolationsschicht umgossen wird und die Mischung anschließend zur Isolationsschicht ausgehärtet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mischung der Isolationsschicht in der Brennkammer oder einer entsprechenden Form durch Zentrifugieren zu einer Isolationsschicht mit einer Dicke von 1 bis 10 mm geformt und nach dem Aushärten mit dem Treibstoff in Form eines Slurry ausgegossen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht während oder nach dem Aushärten innenseitig mit einer aufgerauhten Oberfläche versehen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsschicht nach dem Aushärten mit einem Haftvermittler für den Treibstoff versehen wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19917672 | 1999-04-19 | ||
| DE19917672A DE19917672A1 (de) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | Raketentreibsatz |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1046626A1 true EP1046626A1 (de) | 2000-10-25 |
| EP1046626B1 EP1046626B1 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=7905106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00108297A Expired - Lifetime EP1046626B1 (de) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-04-14 | Raketentreibsatz |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1046626B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE273943T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19917672A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100255317A1 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2010-10-07 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polyurethane composition |
| CN121046032A (zh) * | 2025-11-05 | 2025-12-02 | 山西诺通公路养护有限公司 | 一种高弹性长效沥青灌封胶及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005030437B4 (de) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-09-13 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Antriebsvorrichtung auf Basis gelförmigen Treibstoffs und Verfahren zur Treibstoff-Förderung |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3643824A1 (de) * | 1986-12-20 | 1988-06-30 | Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie | Linerschicht zur auskleidung von raketenbrennkammern |
| EP0555008A2 (de) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-11 | Thiokol Corporation | Wenig rauchabgebende Wärmeisolatorschicht für Raketenmotoren |
| FR2727402A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-29 | 1996-05-31 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Charge propulsive d'acceleration |
| US5762746A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1998-06-09 | Thiokol Corporation | Method of internally insulating a propellant combustion chamber |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1200184B (de) * | 1963-11-16 | 1965-09-02 | Nitrochemie G M B H | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit einer Isolierschicht versehenen Feststofftreibsaetzen |
| DE2004472C1 (de) * | 1970-01-31 | 1979-11-29 | Wasagchemie Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Isolierschichten auf Feststofftreibsätze |
| US3764420A (en) * | 1971-01-06 | 1973-10-09 | Us Army | Suppression of combustion instability by means of pbi fibers |
| BE791854A (fr) * | 1971-11-25 | 1973-05-24 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Inhibiteurs de la combustion de blocs de propergols solides |
| CA1056984A (en) * | 1976-01-16 | 1979-06-19 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Curable binding systems |
| JPH08231291A (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-09-10 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | ガス発生剤組成物 |
| DE19516528C1 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-12-12 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Composit-Festtreibstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
1999
- 1999-04-19 DE DE19917672A patent/DE19917672A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 DE DE50007431T patent/DE50007431D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00108297A patent/EP1046626B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AT AT00108297T patent/ATE273943T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2727402A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-29 | 1996-05-31 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Charge propulsive d'acceleration |
| DE3643824A1 (de) * | 1986-12-20 | 1988-06-30 | Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie | Linerschicht zur auskleidung von raketenbrennkammern |
| US5762746A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1998-06-09 | Thiokol Corporation | Method of internally insulating a propellant combustion chamber |
| EP0555008A2 (de) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-11 | Thiokol Corporation | Wenig rauchabgebende Wärmeisolatorschicht für Raketenmotoren |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 108, no. 4, 25 January 1988, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 24138a, M. PROEBSTER: "Smokeless combustible insulation for double-basepropellants" page 134; XP002142650 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 122, no. 14, 3 April 1995, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 164861v, D.C. GUPTA ET AL.: "HTPB-based polyurethanes for inhibition of composite propellants." page 267; XP000665923 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 123, no. 26, 25 December 1995, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 344937d, S.B. HASKA ET AL.: "Adhesion properties of liner to propellant and metal in HTPB based systems." page 290; XP000663353 * |
| Int. Annu. Conf. ICT 1995, 26th(Pyrotechnics), 49/1-49/12 * |
| Int. Jahrestag.- Fraunhofer-Inst. Treib- Explosivst. 1987, 18th(Technol. Energ. Mater.), 40/1-40/14 * |
| J. APPL. POLYM. SCI., vol. 55, no. 8, 1995, pages 1151 - 1155 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100255317A1 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2010-10-07 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polyurethane composition |
| CN121046032A (zh) * | 2025-11-05 | 2025-12-02 | 山西诺通公路养护有限公司 | 一种高弹性长效沥青灌封胶及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE273943T1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| EP1046626B1 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
| DE19917672A1 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
| DE50007431D1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
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