EP1044311B1 - Schubverbinder für sandwichmauern aus beton und isolationsmaterial - Google Patents

Schubverbinder für sandwichmauern aus beton und isolationsmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1044311B1
EP1044311B1 EP98964849A EP98964849A EP1044311B1 EP 1044311 B1 EP1044311 B1 EP 1044311B1 EP 98964849 A EP98964849 A EP 98964849A EP 98964849 A EP98964849 A EP 98964849A EP 1044311 B1 EP1044311 B1 EP 1044311B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
strands
connector
loop
wall panel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98964849A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1044311A1 (de
Inventor
Timothy L. Clark
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Delta Tie Inc
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Delta Tie Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0645—Shear reinforcements, e.g. shearheads for floor slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
    • E04C2002/048—Bent wire anchors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of precast concrete insulated sandwich panels.
  • the invention relates to a connector for connecting concrete layers in such panels.
  • precast concrete insulated sandwich panels has increased with the growing need for energy efficient structures.
  • insulated sandwich panels are used in the construction of all types of commercial, industrial, warehouse, correctional, and residential buildings. In service, the panels may be constructed to serve as exterior cladding, as bearing or shear walls, or as roof members.
  • precast concrete panels allows for a high level of quality control, economy of scale, and the quick enclosure of a structure.
  • the sandwich panels can also be fabricated on-site or in high efficiency manufacturing plants off-site.
  • An insulated sandwich panel is composed of two layers (wythes) of concrete separated by a high density foam insulation in the center.
  • the thickness of the concrete layers varies depending upon the structural requirements of the building. The most common load requirements include wind load, roof load, and seismic load. These loads must be collected and then transferred to the building frame and the building foundation.
  • the two concrete wythes handle the majority of this work in concert.
  • a structural tie must be used to connect the two concrete wythes together across the insulation layer in such a manner as to cause the two concrete wythes to function more as a single composite unit structurally.
  • conventional ties allow thermal bridging, or a loss of heating/cooling energy via the structural tie.
  • FRP fiber reinforced plastic
  • EP-A-0 532 140 discloses a connector that includes first and second spaced parallel prestressed metallic strands 30A and 32A. Furthermore, this reference discloses a web 36A of thermally non-conductive material loosely wrapped around the first and second strands 30A, 32A. This reference does not disclose that the first and second strands 30A, 32A are made of a thermally non-conductive material or that the connector is integrally formed as one-piece. Furthermore, the structure shown in this reference lacks the anchoring or chairing loop portion discussed below. The anchoring or chairing loop portion is advantageous in that it allows the form and the concrete itself to positively locate and hold the connector in place.
  • a primary objective of the present invention is the provision of an improved structural shear tie connector.
  • a further objective of this invention is the provision of an essentially thermally non-conductive (non-metallic) shear tie connector having transverse webs wherein the angled members are in tension under loading conditions.
  • a further objective of this invention is the provision of a tie connector that is strong, compact, economical to manufacture, and easy to install.
  • the present invention relates to concrete and insulation sandwich wall panels having first and second layers or wythes and an insulation layer interposed therebetween.
  • a structural shear tie connector which includes first and second spaced horizontal strands of thermally non-conductive material.
  • the first and second strands are adapted to be encased respectively by the first and second concrete wythes.
  • a web of thermally non-conductive material interconnects the first and second strands through the insulation layer and forms at least one loop. At least one of the strands of the loop extends at an angle with respect to one of the first and second strands such that the angled strand is in tension when a load is applied to the sandwich wall panel.
  • the strands are formed of fiberglass reinforced plastic and are formed as a continuous unwelded structure.
  • the first and second strands of the connector are preferably substantially parallel to each other so that the strands and the intersection of the web thereto are wholly disposed in the respective concrete layer.
  • the web has a anchoring loop portion which extends outwardly beyond one of the first or second horizontal strands. Concrete is allowed to fill the loop portion in the concrete layer, thus anchoring the connector.
  • This loop also positively locates, gauges, "chairs” or spaces the tie with respect to the bottom face of the form and consequently to the bottom surface of one of the concrete layers.
  • a method of forming sandwich wall panels with such tie connectors is also disclosed.
  • a concrete and insulation sandwich (wall) panel appears in Figure 1.
  • the panel 10 includes first and second concrete wythes (layers) 12, 14 and an insulation layer 16 interposed therebetween.
  • the insulation layer 16 includes a high density polystyrene foam insulation or similar material having high thermal resistance.
  • the panel 10 is preferably precast and is frequently used to provide an insulated outer shell to buildings. However, the panel can also be formed on the site where the building is being erected.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a tie shear connector in the form of a compact double looped "bow tie" shear connector is provided.
  • the term bow tie is used because this configuration resembles the similarly named clothing accessory.
  • the bow tie connector 20 extends through the insulation layer 16.
  • the bow tie design is more compact than conventional truss style designs.
  • the bow tie 20 includes a first horizontal strand 22 spaced apart from a second horizontal strand 24.
  • the horizontal strands 22, 24 are parallel and near the top and bottom of the shear tie connector, respectively.
  • the strand 22 or 24 need not be a single straight member.
  • a gap can exist between left and right portions 22A, 22B, 24A, 24B of the respective strands 22, 24. In fact, such a gap is useful in accommodating other reinforcing structures in the concrete layers, such as rebar or prestressed strands. Thus, the gap can even be used to position the bow tie 20.
  • the horizontal strands 22, 24 should reside in the concrete layers 12, 14 respectively.
  • the first strand 22 remains above the insulation layer 16 and the second strand 24 remains below the insulation layer 16.
  • the first strand 22 is encased by the first concrete wythe 12 and the second strand 24 is encased by the second concrete wythe 14.
  • the first and second strands 22, 24 will also be referred to herein as the top and bottom strands or cords respectively.
  • the bow tie shear connector can be rotated or inverted if the expected load or placement conditions dictate.
  • a web 26 is continuously formed with the strands 22, 24 in the concrete layers 12, 14.
  • the web 26 includes substantially vertical legs 28 which extend inwardly from the strands 22, 24 toward the insulation layer 16 (see Fig. 2).
  • the web 26 includes the legs 28 and angled members 30 which extend at an angle ⁇ with respect to the first and second horizontal strands 22, 24.
  • the strands 22, 24 and the web 26, including the angled members 30 and legs 28 are preferably formed of a thermally non-conductive material, such as fiberglass reinforced vinyl-ester (FRP).
  • FRP fiberglass reinforced vinyl-ester
  • the material is non-metallic in order to have the desired thermal properties.
  • the strands of the web 26 are preferably continuously formed so that no welding is required and no thermal bridge is provided between the concrete layers 12, 14.
  • the strands 22, 24, 28, 30 and 32 are continuous and are integrally formed by a conventional winding process.
  • the strands of fiberglass are wound around a mandrel and impregnated with ester resins to form a continuous roving.
  • the web 26 can be formed of a left-angled loop and a right-angled loop which are then glued together with resin, but preferably the loops are wound together on the same mandrel.
  • the angle a is preferably approximately 30° to 60°, more preferably 50°.
  • the strands 22, 24 and the transverse web 26 lie in a common plane.
  • Chairing loop portions 32 extend below the second horizontal strand 24.
  • Non-chairing loops could also be formed so as to extend above the first horizontal strand 22.
  • Interstitial spaces 34 are formed between the strands 22, 24, 28, 30 and 32.
  • the chairing loop portions 32 can occur at almost any frequency, as desired.
  • One purpose of the chairing loop portions 32 is to allow a concrete bar to be formed between the loop portion 32 and the horizontal strand 22 or 24. This provides additional strength and rigidity to the sandwich panel 10 and helps anchor the tie connector 20 in place.
  • the bow tie shear connector 20 is relatively small sturdy, and compact. A plurality of bow tie connectors 20 can be placed in the sandwich panel 10 to meet the load requirements. Referring to Figure 4, the thickness or effective diameter of the strands 22, 24, 28, 30, 32 is preferably approximately 3/16" (.5 cm). However, the required thickness or cross sectional area can be calculated based upon the load conditions which are expected to be encountered. Thus, the invention is not restricted to strands of this thickness. In this embodiment, the bow tie connector 20 is approximately 71 ⁇ 2" (19 cm) long and 51 ⁇ 4" (18 cm) high. However, other dimensional combinations are possible due to the flexibility of this invention.
  • the angled members 30 of the bow tie connector 20 resolve the bending stresses into linear stresses having vertical and horizontal components.
  • the angled members 30 are in tension when a load is applied to the sandwich wall panel 10.
  • the bow tie is functionally complete when it forms two crossing main loops.
  • One main loop includes two angled members 30 extending to the right from bottom to top and interconnected by horizontal strands 22, 24.
  • the other main loop includes two angled members 30 extending to the left from bottom to top and interconnected by horizontal strands 22, 24.
  • additional loops, strands, and angled members 30 can be added as desired.
  • the angled members 30 resolve the bending stresses placed on the wall panel 10 into linear stresses which are transferable between the wythes 12, 14 so as to form a fully composite panel. Since the strands have negligible thermal conductivity and are non-metallic, no thermal bridging occurs between the wythes 12, 14. Oxidation or rust will not occur on the faces of the panel 10.
  • the tie connector of this invention resolves the loads into a horizontal component and a vertical component.
  • the vertical component is normal (90°) to the plane of the wythes 12, 14.
  • the horizontal component is parallel to the plane of the wythes 12, 14.
  • the horizontal component is the larger component by a great magnitude.
  • the angled web members 30 of the tie connector handle this high load component in tension, which takes full advantage of the tensile strength of the glass fibers.
  • the tie connector transfers loads without depending upon the resin matrix between the glass fibers.
  • the resin matrix is merely a facilitating medium to position the glass while the insulated precast panel is being manufactured.
  • the fiberglass has a coefficient of thermal expansion nearly the same as concrete. This is extremely important in that thermal stresses between two incompatible mediums would and could exceed the mechanical load stress limits. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of glass is very close to zero.
  • a form 50 is utilized. See Fig. 5.
  • one of the concrete wythes 12 or 14, here the bottom wythe 14, is poured in the form 50.
  • strips of insulation material 16A, 16B, 16C, etc. are laid on top of the bottom concrete layer 14.
  • the shear connectors 20 are placed or “plunged” into the still plastic concrete layer 14 through the gaps 52 between the insulation strips 16A, 16B, 16C, etc. Care should be taken to make sure that the bottom horizontal strand 24 of the tie connector 20 and the connections of the web 26 thereto are wholly disposed in the bottom concrete layer 14.
  • the "self-chairing" feature of the bow tie facilitates this placement requirement by gauging the depth of strand 24 when the chairing loop or chair leg 32 is in contact with the form 50.
  • the chairing loop 32 rests on the form 50 to positively locate the connector 20.
  • the top concrete layer 12 is then poured on top of the insulation layer 16. Care must again be taken to make sure that the top horizontal strand of the web 26 thereto is wholly disposed in the top concrete layer 12.
  • the tie connectors 20 can be chaired (vertically) and tied (horizontally) in the desired positions by primary and secondary reinforcing strands or other preexisting structures extending across the lower portion of the form 50. Then the concrete for the bottom wythe 14 is poured into the form 50. The insulation strips 16A, 16B, 16C, etc. and the top layer 12 of concrete are then added. Alternately, the connectors 20 can be tied, affixed, or otherwise attached to the side edges of the insulation strips.
  • the present invention is easily incorporated into the manufacture of the sandwich panel 10.
  • the size, shape and number of tie connectors 20 used can be varied to meet the particular load conditions to be encountered.
  • the invention facilitates mass production of sandwich wall panels, which has not heretofore been achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Sandwichmauerelement aus Beton und Isolationsmaterial (10), umfassend eine erste halbsteinstarke Betonwand (12) mit einer freigelegten Fläche, eine zweite halbsteinstarke Betonwand (14) mit einer freigelegten Fläche, welche im Allgemeinen der freigelegten Fläche der ersten halbsteinstarken Betonwand gegenüberliegt, und eine Isolierschicht (16), welche zwischen den ersten und zweiten halbsteinstarken Betonwänden (12, 14) eingeschoben ist, wobei die Verbesserung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Isolierschicht (16) wenigstens einen Spalt (52) dadurch in Verbindung sowohl mit den ersten als auch zweiten halbsteinstarken Betonwänden (12, 14) aufweist, ein Schubverbinder (20) sich durch den Spalt (52) erstreckt und in den ersten und zweiten halbsteinstarken Betonwänden (12, 14) eingebettet ist, wobei der Verbinder (20) ein Strukturschubverbinder ist, welcher erste und zweite beabstandete horizontale Stränge (22, 24) aus einem thermisch nicht leitenden Material umfasst, der erste Strang (22) durch die erste halbsteinstarke Betonwand (12) einbetoniert ist und der zweite Strang (24) durch die zweite halbsteinstarke Betonwand (14) einbetoniert ist, ein Steg (26) aus einem thermisch nicht leitenden Material einstückig mit den ersten und zweiten Strängen (22, 24) durch den Spalt (52) in der Isolierschicht (16) verbunden ist, wobei der Steg (26) eine endlose Hauptschleife umfasst, wenigstens ein Abschnitt der Schleife sich in einem Winkel in Bezug auf einen der ersten und zweiten Stränge (22, 24) so erstreckt, dass der abgewinkelte Abschnitt der Schleife in Spannung ist, wenn eine Last an das Sandwichmauerelement (10) angelegt wird, und einen Verankerungsschleifenabschnitt (32), welcher sich über einen der ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) nach außen hinaus und in eine der ersten und zweiten halbsteinstarken Betonwände (12, 14) hinein erstreckt, um eine geschlossene Endlosschleife zu bilden, welche einen Zwischenraum darin definiert, der mit Beton gefüllt wird, um den Verbinder (20) an Ort und Stelle zu halten.
  2. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stränge (22, 24) und der Steg (26) aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff gebildet sind.
  3. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stränge (22, 24) und der Steg (26) eine einzige integrierte Einheit sind, welche auf einem Dorn zusammen gewickelt ist.
  4. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten und zweiten Stränge (22, 24) im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander sind.
  5. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abgewinkelte Abschnitt der Schleife einen abgewinkelten Strang (30) umfasst, welcher sich in einem Winkel von ungefähr 30 Grad bis 60 Grad in Bezug auf den ersten horizontalen Strang (22) erstreckt.
  6. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abgewinkelte Abschnitt der Schleife einen abgewinkelten Strang (30) umfasst, welcher sich in einem Winkel von über ungefähr 50 Grad in Bezug auf den ersten horizontalen Strang (22) erstreckt.
  7. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die ersten und zweiten Stränge (22, 24) und der Steg (26) in einer gemeinsamen Ebene befinden.
  8. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steg (26) einen Einsetzschleifenabschnitt (32) aufweist, welcher sich zum Zweck des Ausmessens der Anordnung des Verbinders (20) hinsichtlich einer freigelegten Fläche einer der ersten und zweiten halbsteinstarken Betonwände (12, 14) über einen der ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) nach außen hinaus erstreckt.
  9. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein eingeschlossener Verankerungsspalt (36) zwischen dem Schleifenabschnitt und einem der ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) in einer vertikalen Ebene definiert ist, wobei der Verankerungsspalt (36) groß genug ist, um zu erlauben, dass Frischbeton durch den Verankerungsspalt (36) durchfließt und den Einsetzschleifenabschnitt (32) füllt, um den Verbinder (20) in einer gewünschten Position zu halten, wenn der Frischbeton nachbehandelt wird.
  10. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) und der Steg (26) zu einer Form einer sich kreuzenden Doppelendlosschleife ausgebildet sind, welche einer Fliege gleicht.
  11. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens einer der ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) eine Mehrzahl von beabstandeten Abschnitten (22A, 22B, 24A, 24B) umfasst, welche geeignet sind, um einen im Allgemeinen quer verlaufenden Verstärkungsstrang in einer Kerbe aufzunehmen, welche dazwischen ausgebildet ist.
  12. Sandwichmauerelement (10) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kerbe V-förmig ist.
  13. Verfahren des Herstellens eines Sandwichmauerelements aus Beton und Isoliermaterial (10), umfassend:
    Bereitstellen eines Schubverbinders (20) mit ersten und zweiten beabstandeten horizontalen Strängen (22, 24) aus einem thermisch nicht leitenden Material, eines Stegs (26) aus einem thermisch nicht leitenden Material, welcher mit den ersten und zweiten Strängen (22, 24) einstückig verbunden ist, wobei der Steg (26) eine endlose Hauptschleife umfasst, wenigstens ein Abschnitt der Schleife sich in einem Winkel in Bezug auf einen der ersten und zweiten Stränge (22, 24) so erstreckt, dass der abgewinkelte Abschnitt der Schleife in Spannung ist, wenn eine Last an das Sandwichmauerelement (10) angelegt wird, und einen Verankerungsschleifenabschnitt (32), welcher sich über einen der ersten und zweiten horizontalen Stränge (22, 24) nach außen hinaus erstreckt, um eine geschlossene Endlosschleife zu bilden, welche einen Zwischenraum dazwischen definiert, der geeignet ist, um mit Beton gefüllt zu werden, um den Verbinder (20) an Ort und Stelle zu halten;
    Bereitstellen einer Form (50) zum Aufnehmen von Fließbeton;
    Gießen von Fließbeton in die Form, um eine erste Schicht von Beton (14) zu bilden;
    Anordnen einer Mehrzahl von Isolierstreifen (16) auf der ersten Schicht (14) von Fließbeton, so dass horizontale Spalten (52) zwischen wenigstens einigen der Streifen ausgebildet werden;
    Einführen, während die erste Schicht von Beton (14) noch formbar ist, des Verbinders (20) durch den Spalt (52) und in die erste Schicht von Beton (14), so dass der Verankerungsschleifenabschnitt (32) wenigstens teilweise durch den Fließbeton gefüllt ist; und
    Gießen einer zweiten Schicht von Fließbeton (12) in die Form (50) und auf die Isolierstreifen (16) und den Verbinder (20); wodurch der Verankerungsschleifenabschnitt (32) den Verbinder (20) in Bezug auf die Betonschichten (12, 14) und die Isolierschicht (16) an Ort und Stelle hält.
EP98964849A 1997-12-24 1998-12-22 Schubverbinder für sandwichmauern aus beton und isolationsmaterial Expired - Lifetime EP1044311B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99790897A 1997-12-24 1997-12-24
US997908 1997-12-24
PCT/US1998/027225 WO1999034071A1 (en) 1997-12-24 1998-12-22 Structural tie shear connector for concrete and insulation sandwich walls

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1044311A1 EP1044311A1 (de) 2000-10-18
EP1044311B1 true EP1044311B1 (de) 2003-07-23

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EP98964849A Expired - Lifetime EP1044311B1 (de) 1997-12-24 1998-12-22 Schubverbinder für sandwichmauern aus beton und isolationsmaterial

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EP (1) EP1044311B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE245743T1 (de)
AU (1) AU755857B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2316238C (de)
DE (1) DE69816665T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2204003T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1999034071A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9010050B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2015-04-21 Michael Hatzinikolas Pre-cast rain screen wall panel

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103088966A (zh) * 2011-11-01 2013-05-08 长沙远大住宅工业有限公司 复合非金属纤维筋在保温夹芯板中的连接结构
US9103119B2 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-08-11 Joel Foderberg Tie system for insulated concrete panels
US9493946B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2016-11-15 Iconx, Llc Tie system for insulated concrete panels
KR102014718B1 (ko) * 2017-09-21 2019-08-27 정태영 고성능 단열 구조재가 적용된 중대형 lpg 운반선 화물창 및 그 고성능 단열 구조재
CN110618021A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-27 江苏建筑职业技术学院 一种保温板性能测试平台

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2230820A1 (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-12-20 Sauvajon Pierre Reinforced concrete bearing wall - has insulating core between concrete joined by insulating cross pieces
EP0341336B1 (de) * 1988-05-13 1993-08-04 István Dipl.-Ing. Szövényi Schalung
EP0532140A1 (de) * 1991-09-13 1993-03-17 Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Vorgefertigte Sandwichbetonbauplatten

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9010050B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2015-04-21 Michael Hatzinikolas Pre-cast rain screen wall panel

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Publication number Publication date
CA2316238A1 (en) 1999-07-08
ES2204003T3 (es) 2004-04-16
AU755857B2 (en) 2002-12-19
ATE245743T1 (de) 2003-08-15
WO1999034071A1 (en) 1999-07-08
DE69816665T2 (de) 2004-06-09
DE69816665D1 (de) 2003-08-28
CA2316238C (en) 2006-06-13
AU2008199A (en) 1999-07-19
EP1044311A1 (de) 2000-10-18

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