EP1043757B1 - Gas discharge lamp - Google Patents

Gas discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1043757B1
EP1043757B1 EP00201148A EP00201148A EP1043757B1 EP 1043757 B1 EP1043757 B1 EP 1043757B1 EP 00201148 A EP00201148 A EP 00201148A EP 00201148 A EP00201148 A EP 00201148A EP 1043757 B1 EP1043757 B1 EP 1043757B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric
gas discharge
discharge lamp
lamp
electric contact
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EP00201148A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1043757A1 (en
Inventor
Albrecht Kraus
Bernd Rausenberger
Horst Dannert
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas discharge lamp with at least one capacitive coupling-in structure.
  • Known gas discharge lamps consist of a vessel with a filling gas, in which the Gas discharge takes place, and usually two metallic electrodes, which are in the discharge vessel are melted down.
  • An electrode supplies the electrons for the discharge, which over the second electrode are fed back to the outer circuit.
  • the release of the electrons usually by means of annealing emission (hot electrodes), but can also by Emission in a strong electric field or directly by ion bombardment (ion-induced Secondary emission) (cold electrodes).
  • the charge carriers are directly in the gas volume via an electromagnetic High frequency alternating field (typically greater than 1 MHz for low pressure gas discharge lamps) generated. The electrons move on circular paths within the discharge vessel, conventional electrodes are missing in this mode.
  • capacitive coupling structures are used as electrodes. These are made of insulators (dielectrics), which on one side make contact with the gas discharge have and on the other hand electrically conductive (for example by means of a metallic Contact) are connected to an external circuit.
  • capacitive Electrode applied AC voltage forms an electric in the discharge vessel Alternating field on the linear electric fields, the charge carriers move.
  • the capacitive lamps are similar to the inductive one Lamps, as the charge carriers are also generated here in the entire gas volume.
  • the surface properties of the dielectric electrode are of little importance here (so-called ⁇ -discharge mode).
  • a disadvantage of the operation of known gas discharge lamps is a necessary driver electronics. This has the task to ignite the gas discharge of the lamp and a To supply ballast for the operation of the lamp on a circuit. Without a suitable Ballasting the lamp in an external circuit would reduce the current in the gas discharge lamp by increasing the charge carriers in the gas volume of the discharge vessel rise so high that it quickly comes to a destruction of the lamp.
  • Such gas discharge lamps are also known from the American patent specification US 2,624,858.
  • a gas discharge lamp with capacitive electrodes is by means of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant ⁇ > 100 (preferred ⁇ > 2000) at an operating frequency of less than 120 Hz.
  • the external tension must be between 500 V and 10000 V. Therefore, such a capacitive Gas discharge lamp not mains operated for private households with 230 V and 50 Hz but is a circuit with a driver electronics necessary.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a gas discharge lamp with at least one to provide capacitive coupling structure having improved operating characteristics.
  • the gas discharge lamp consists in a known manner of a transparent discharge vessel with a conventional filling gas (for example, for low-pressure gas discharge lamps, a noble gas or a noble gas with mercury).
  • the discharge vessel contains at least two spatially separate electrodes or coupling structures, of which at least one is designed as a capacitive coupling structure.
  • the capacitive coupling structure according to the invention can also be combined, for example, with a metallic electrode.
  • the dielectric of the capacitive coupling-in structure can consist of one or more layers.
  • Such a lamp can in particular without a circuit with a driver electronics on Power grid for households (e.g., 230V / 50Hz).
  • a driver electronics on Power grid for households e.g., 230V / 50Hz.
  • Preferred embodiments the gas discharge lamp are the further claims and the description remove.
  • All embodiments use as dielectric base material a dielectric solid having the properties according to the invention.
  • the material used for the dielectric of the capacitive coupling structures is preferably Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 , which is acceptor-doped with a small amount of Mn.
  • the coercive force is E C ⁇ 60 V / mm.
  • a product of saturation polarization P and effective surface A with P ⁇ A> 10 -5 C and a product of coercive force E c and effective thickness of the dielectric d of E c ⁇ d ⁇ 200 V is achieved.
  • the gas discharge lamps can thus be operated without additional driver electronics directly on the network for private households.
  • the choice of the dielectric material is not limited to the above-mentioned material. It is equally possible to use all other dielectric materials, preferably paraelectrics, ferro- and antiferroelectrics, whose product of saturation polarization P and effective surface A satisfies the condition PA> 10 -5 C.
  • the material for the dielectric must easily be electrons on the plasma-facing surface submit.
  • To characterize the emission properties of the dielectric serves the ratio between ion current and electron current at the surface of the plasma facing side of the dielectric. This ratio is called ion-induced Secondary emission coefficient ⁇ denoted.
  • ⁇ advantageously be greater than 0.001, otherwise the plasma is not ignites.
  • the in the plasma boundary layer Delivered power can take high values and significantly reduces the efficiency (lumens per watt) of the lamp.
  • a high secondary emission coefficient ⁇ This leads to a reduction in this proportion of power and to increase the efficiency of the lamp. Therefore, such materials are particularly suitable for the dielectric in which during operation of the lamp additional electrons at the plasma facing Surface deposit, and lead to a secondary emission coefficient ⁇ > 0.01.
  • the cathode trap area imparts the entire gas discharge lamp a positive U / I characteristic.
  • FIG. 1 shows a capacitive gas discharge lamp with a glass tube 1 serving as a gas discharge vessel.
  • the inside of the glass-coated glass tube 1 has an inner diameter of 50 mm and is filled with 5 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg.
  • a dielectric capacitive coupling structure consisting of a disc-shaped dielectric layer 2 and an electrically conductive layer 3 attached.
  • the dielectric layer 2 is formed by a disk having a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, which consists of Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 doped with a small amount of Mn acceptor is.
  • the dielectric disc 2 is attached to the gas discharge vessel 1 by means of a soldering process, so that a vacuum-tight connection is formed.
  • the electrically conductive layer 3 is realized by applying a silver paste, so that an electrical contact for connection to an external power grid 4 is available.
  • an external power grid 4 is used in this embodiment, the network for households with 230 V and 50 Hz.
  • the charging of the dielectric (2) during operation of the lamp leads to an electric field between the dielectric coupling structures (2), which results in a simplified re-ignition in the next half-phase of the AC supply (after current reversal) and an increase of the ion-induced secondary emission coefficient ⁇ .
  • the cathode fall region (dark zone in the vicinity of the coupling structure in which no light is generated) is reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the gas discharge lamp.
  • FIG. 2 shows a lamp with a glass tube 5 as a gas discharge vessel, which has a smaller inner diameter.
  • the inner diameter is only 9 mm with a filling of the inner phosphor-coated glass tube 5 with 15 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg.
  • a respective dielectric coupling structure consisting of a disc-shaped dielectric layer 2 and an electrically conductive layer 3 attached.
  • the dielectric layer 2 is also formed here by a disk with a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 0.5 mm from Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 , which is acceptor-doped with a small amount of Mn ,
  • the dielectric sheet 2 is vacuum-sealed to the glass tube 5 using a glass soldering technique.
  • the electrically conductive layer 3 is realized by applying a silver paste, so that an electrical contact for connection to an external power grid 4 is available.
  • an external power grid 4 is to be used in this embodiment, the network for households with 230 V and 50 Hz.
  • This embodiment of the lamp offers an increased efficiency because of the smaller inner diameter, since in this case the positive column of the gas discharge and the electrode and cathode drop regions can each be optimized separately.
  • the embodiment of the lamp illustrated in FIG. 3 has a discharge vessel, which consists of a curved glass tube 6.
  • the inside phosphor-coated glass tube 6 has an inner diameter of 9 mm and is filled with 15 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg.
  • the dielectric coupling structure at both ends is in each case formed by a cylindrical tube 7 made of the dielectric material (especially doped BaTiO 3 ).
  • the dielectric cylinder 7 has an outer diameter of 10 mm with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 60 mm.
  • the glass tube 6 is closed by a disc-shaped, dielectric cap 8 by means of a soldering vacuum-tight with the glass tube. On the dielectric cylinder 7, a layer of conductive silver is applied, so that an electrical contact is possible.
  • the lamp is connected to an external power grid 4 (230 V, 50 Hz).
  • This gas discharge lamp also offers a very good lighting efficiency with a much more compact design and higher mechanical stability.
  • other embodiments of the gas discharge lamp according to the invention are conceivable, in particular in the design of the discharge vessel or the choice of the dielectric and electrically conductive materials used for the coupling structures (eg to meet certain requirements for the shape of the lamp or production specifications).
  • the invention is not limited to lamps whose electromagnetic radiation is limited to the visible spectral range.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gasentladungslampe mit wenigstens einer kapazitiven Einkoppelstruktur.The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp with at least one capacitive coupling-in structure.

Bekannte Gasentladungslampen bestehen aus einem Gefäß mit einem Füllgas, in dem die Gasentladung abläuft, und meist zwei metallischen Elektroden, die in das Entladungsgefäß eingeschmolzen sind. Eine Elektrode liefert die Elektronen für die Entladung, die über die zweite Elektrode wieder dem äußeren Stromkreis zugeführt werden. Die Abgabe der Elektronen erfolgt meist mittels Glühemission (heiße Elektroden), kann jedoch auch durch Emission in einem starken elektrischen Feld oder direkt durch Ionenbeschuß (ioneninduzierte Sekundäremission) hervorgerufen werden (kalte Elektroden). Bei einer induktiven Betriebsart werden die Ladungsträger direkt im Gasvolumen über ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld hoher Frequenz (typischerweise größer als 1 MHz bei Niederdruckgasentladungslampen) erzeugt. Die Elektronen bewegen sich auf Kreisbahnen innerhalb des Entladungsgefäßes, herkömmliche Elektroden fehlen in dieser Betriebsart. Bei einer kapazitiven Betriebsart werden kapazitive Einkoppelstrukturen als Elektroden verwendet. Diese werden aus Isolatoren (Dielektrika) gebildet, die auf einer Seite Kontakt zur Gasentladung haben und auf der anderen Seite elektrisch leitfähig (beispielsweise mittels einem metallischen Kontakt) mit einem äußeren Stromkreis verbunden sind. Bei einer an die kapazitiven Elektroden angelegten Wechselspannung bildet sich im Entladungsgefäß ein elektrisches Wechselfeld aus, auf dessen linearen elektrischen Feldern sich die Ladungsträger bewegen. Im Hochfrequenzbereich (> 10 MHz) ähneln die kapazitiven Lampen den induktiven Lampen, da die Ladungsträger hier ebenfalls im gesamten Gasvolumen erzeugt werden. Die Oberflächeneigenschaften der dielektrischen Elektrode sind hier von geringer Bedeutung (sogenannter α-Entladungsmodus). Bei niedrigeren Frequenzen ändern die kapazitiven Lampen ihre Betriebsart und die für die Entladung wichtigen Elektronen müssen ursprünglich an der Oberfläche der dielektrischen Elektrode emittiert und in einem sogenannten Kathodenfallgebiet vervielfacht werden, um die Entladung aufrechtzuerhalten. Daher ist dann das Emissionsverhalten des dielektrischen Materials bestimmend für die Funktion der Lampe (sogenannter γ-Entladungsmodus). Known gas discharge lamps consist of a vessel with a filling gas, in which the Gas discharge takes place, and usually two metallic electrodes, which are in the discharge vessel are melted down. An electrode supplies the electrons for the discharge, which over the second electrode are fed back to the outer circuit. The release of the electrons usually by means of annealing emission (hot electrodes), but can also by Emission in a strong electric field or directly by ion bombardment (ion-induced Secondary emission) (cold electrodes). In an inductive Operating mode, the charge carriers are directly in the gas volume via an electromagnetic High frequency alternating field (typically greater than 1 MHz for low pressure gas discharge lamps) generated. The electrons move on circular paths within the discharge vessel, conventional electrodes are missing in this mode. At a capacitive Operating mode capacitive coupling structures are used as electrodes. These are made of insulators (dielectrics), which on one side make contact with the gas discharge have and on the other hand electrically conductive (for example by means of a metallic Contact) are connected to an external circuit. At one to the capacitive Electrode applied AC voltage forms an electric in the discharge vessel Alternating field on the linear electric fields, the charge carriers move. In the high frequency range (> 10 MHz) the capacitive lamps are similar to the inductive one Lamps, as the charge carriers are also generated here in the entire gas volume. The surface properties of the dielectric electrode are of little importance here (so-called α-discharge mode). At lower frequencies change the capacitive Lamps their mode of operation and the electrons important for the discharge must originally emitted at the surface of the dielectric electrode and in a so-called Cathode fall area be multiplied to maintain the discharge. Therefore, then the emission behavior of the dielectric material is decisive for the Function of the lamp (so-called γ-discharge mode).

Nachteilig für den Betrieb von bekannten Gasentladungslampen ist eine notwendige Treiberelektronik. Diese hat die Aufgabe, die Gasentladung der Lampe zu zünden und einen Ballast für den Betrieb der Lampe an einem Stromkreis zu liefern. Ohne eine geeignete Ballastierung der Lampe in einem äußeren Stromkreis würde der Strom in der Gasentladungslampe durch Vermehrung der Ladungsträger im Gasvolumen des Entladungsgefäßes so stark steigen, daß es schnell zu einer Zerstörung der Lampe kommt.A disadvantage of the operation of known gas discharge lamps is a necessary driver electronics. This has the task to ignite the gas discharge of the lamp and a To supply ballast for the operation of the lamp on a circuit. Without a suitable Ballasting the lamp in an external circuit would reduce the current in the gas discharge lamp by increasing the charge carriers in the gas volume of the discharge vessel rise so high that it quickly comes to a destruction of the lamp.

Solche Gasentladungslampen sind auch aus der amerikanischen Patentschrift US 2,624,858 bekannt. Eine Gasentladungslampe mit kapazitiven Elektroden wird mittels eines dielektrischen Materials mit einer hohen Dielektrizitätskonstante ε>100 (bevorzugt ε>2000) bei einer Betriebsfrequenz von weniger als 120 Hz betrieben. Die äußere Spannung muß dabei zwischen 500 V und 10000 V liegen. Daher kann eine solche kapazitive Gasentladungslampe nicht am Stromnetz für Privathaushalte mit 230 V und 50 Hz betrieben werden, sondern ist eine Schaltung mit einer Treiberelektronik notwendig.Such gas discharge lamps are also known from the American patent specification US 2,624,858. A gas discharge lamp with capacitive electrodes is by means of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant ε> 100 (preferred ε> 2000) at an operating frequency of less than 120 Hz. The external tension must be between 500 V and 10000 V. Therefore, such a capacitive Gas discharge lamp not mains operated for private households with 230 V and 50 Hz but is a circuit with a driver electronics necessary.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Gasentladungslampe mit wenigstens einer kapazitiven Einkoppelstruktur zu schaffen, die verbesserte Betriebseigenschaften aufweist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a gas discharge lamp with at least one to provide capacitive coupling structure having improved operating characteristics.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Gasentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Gasentladungslampe besteht in bekannter Weise aus einem transparenten Entladungsgefäß mit einem üblichen Füllgas (zum Beispiel für Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampen ein Edelgas oder ein Edelgas mit Quecksilber). Das Entladungsgefäß enthält mindestens zwei räumlich voneinander getrennte Elektroden oder Einkoppelstrukturen, von denen mindestens eine als kapazitive Einkoppelstruktur ausgebildet ist. Die erfindungsgemäße kapazitive Einkoppelstruktur kann beispielsweise auch mit einer metallischen Elektrode kombiniert werden. Das Dielektrikum der kapazitiven Einkoppelstruktur kann aus einer oder mehreren Schichten bestehen. Dabei wird jeweils ein Material verwendet, dessen dielektrische Sättigungspolarisation P und dessen wirksame Oberfläche A (d.h. im Kontakt zum Plasma im Entladungsgefäß und zum elektrischen Kontakt) so groß sind, daß ihr Produkt P·A > 10-5 C beträgt. Es kann dann maximal die elektrische Ladung Q=2 P·A in einer Periode transportiert werden. Dabei gilt, daß einerseits die Maximalladung Q so hoch gewählt sein muß, daß bei einer Betriebsfrequenz f der mittlere Strom Q·f fließen kann, andererseits die Lampe durch die Maximalladung geeignet ballastiert ist. Für das Dielektrikum der kapazitiven Einkoppelstruktur eignen sich bevorzugt Materialien mit einer Sättigungspolarisation P>10-5 C/cm2 und einer wirksamen Oberfläche A von ungefähr 10 cm2. Selbstverständlich ist eine Vielzahl von weiteren Einkoppelstrukturen denkbar, ohne den Schutzbereich des Anspruchs zu verlassen, die durch geeignete Wahl einer Kombination aus Materialeigenschaft und Geometrie des Dielektrikums die erfindungsgemäße Eigenschaft besitzen.This object is achieved in a gas discharge lamp according to the invention according to claim 1. The gas discharge lamp consists in a known manner of a transparent discharge vessel with a conventional filling gas (for example, for low-pressure gas discharge lamps, a noble gas or a noble gas with mercury). The discharge vessel contains at least two spatially separate electrodes or coupling structures, of which at least one is designed as a capacitive coupling structure. The capacitive coupling structure according to the invention can also be combined, for example, with a metallic electrode. The dielectric of the capacitive coupling-in structure can consist of one or more layers. In each case, a material is used whose dielectric saturation polarization P and its effective surface A (ie in contact with the plasma in the discharge vessel and for electrical contact) are so large that their product is P · A> 10 -5 C. The maximum electrical charge Q = 2 P · A can then be transported in one period. It is true that on the one hand, the maximum charge Q must be chosen so high that at an operating frequency f, the average current Q · f can flow, on the other hand, the lamp is ballasted by the maximum charge suitable. Materials suitable for the dielectric of the capacitive coupling-in structure are those having a saturation polarization P> 10 -5 C / cm 2 and an effective surface A of approximately 10 cm 2 . Of course, a plurality of further coupling structures is conceivable without departing from the scope of the claim, which possess the property according to the invention by suitable choice of a combination of material property and geometry of the dielectric.

Eine solche Lampe kann insbesondere ohne eine Schaltung mit einer Treiberelektronik am Stromnetz für Privathaushalte (z.B. 230V/50Hz) betrieben werden. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Gasentladungslampe sind den weiteren Ansprüchen und der Beschreibung zu entnehmen.Such a lamp can in particular without a circuit with a driver electronics on Power grid for households (e.g., 230V / 50Hz). Preferred embodiments the gas discharge lamp are the further claims and the description remove.

Im folgenden sollen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Gasentladungslampe anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen

Figur 1:
eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten möglichen Ausführungsform einer Gasentladungslampe gemäß der Erfindung,
Figur 2:
eine weitere denkbare Ausführungsform der Gasentladungslampe und
Figur 3:
eine dritte Ausführungsform.
In the following, embodiments of the gas discharge lamp according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show
FIG. 1:
a schematic representation of a first possible embodiment of a gas discharge lamp according to the invention,
FIG. 2:
Another conceivable embodiment of the gas discharge lamp and
FIG. 3:
a third embodiment.

Alle Ausführungsbeispiele verwenden als dielektrisches Basismaterial einen dielektrischen Feststoff, der die erfindungsgemäßen Eigenschaften besitzt. Vorzugsweise wird als Material für das Dielektrikum der kapazitiven Einkoppelstrukturen Ba(Ti0,9Zr0,1)O3 verwendet, das mit einer kleinen Menge Mn Akzeptor-dotiert ist. Die permanenten internen elektrischen Dipole besitzen etwa eine Sättigungspolarisation von P=1,5·10-5 C/cm2. Die Koerzitivfeldstärke beträgt EC≅60 V/mm. Damit wird bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen für die kapazitiven Einkoppelstrukturen ein Produkt aus Sättigungspolarisation P und wirksamer Oberfläche A mit P·A>10-5 C und ein Produkt aus Koerzitivfeldstärke Ec und wirksamer Dicke des Dielektrikums d von Ec·d<200 V erreicht. Die Gasentladungslampen können somit ohne zusätzliche Treiberelektronik direkt am Netz für Privathaushalte betrieben werden. Die Wahl des dielektrischen Materials ist jedoch nicht auf das obengenannte Material beschränkt. Ebensogut können alle anderen dielektrischen Materialien, vorzugsweise Paraelektrika, Ferro- und Antiferroelektrika verwendet werden, deren Produkt aus Sättigungspolarisation P und wirksamer Oberfläche A die Bedingung P.A>10-5 C erfüllt.All embodiments use as dielectric base material a dielectric solid having the properties according to the invention. The material used for the dielectric of the capacitive coupling structures is preferably Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 , which is acceptor-doped with a small amount of Mn. The permanent internal electric dipoles have about a saturation polarization of P = 1.5 × 10 -5 C / cm 2 . The coercive force is E C ≅60 V / mm. Thus, in all embodiments for the capacitive coupling structures, a product of saturation polarization P and effective surface A with P · A> 10 -5 C and a product of coercive force E c and effective thickness of the dielectric d of E c · d <200 V is achieved. The gas discharge lamps can thus be operated without additional driver electronics directly on the network for private households. However, the choice of the dielectric material is not limited to the above-mentioned material. It is equally possible to use all other dielectric materials, preferably paraelectrics, ferro- and antiferroelectrics, whose product of saturation polarization P and effective surface A satisfies the condition PA> 10 -5 C.

Das Material für das Dielektrikum muß an der plasmazugewandten Oberfläche leicht Elektronen abgeben. Zur Charakterisierung der Emissionseigenschaften des Dielektrikums dient das Verhältnis zwischen Ionenstrom und Elektronenstrom an der Oberfläche der plasmazugewandten Seite des Dielektrikums. Dieses Verhältnis wird als ioneninduzierter Sekundäremissionskoeffizient γ bezeichnet. Um einen Betrieb bei Netzspannung zu gewährleisten, sollte γ vorteilhafterweise größer als 0,001 sein, da sonst das Plasma nicht zündet. Zwischen dielektrischer Oberfläche und dem lichterzeugenden Teil des Plasma bildet sich eine schmale, etwa 1 mm dicke Plasmagrenzschicht aus. Die in der Plasmagrenzschicht abgegebene Leistung kann hohe Werte annehmen und reduziert signifikant die Effizienz (Lumen pro Watt) der Lampe. Ein hoher Sekundäremissionskoeffizient γ führt dazu, diesen Leistungsanteil zu verringern und die Effizienz der Lampe zu steigern. Daher eignen sich solche Materialien für das Dielektrikum in besonderer Weise, bei denen sich während des Betriebs der Lampe zusätzliche Elektronen an der plasmazugewandten Oberfläche anlagern, und die zu einem Sekundäremissionskoeffizienten γ>0,01 führen.The material for the dielectric must easily be electrons on the plasma-facing surface submit. To characterize the emission properties of the dielectric serves the ratio between ion current and electron current at the surface of the plasma facing side of the dielectric. This ratio is called ion-induced Secondary emission coefficient γ denoted. To ensure operation at mains voltage, should γ advantageously be greater than 0.001, otherwise the plasma is not ignites. Between the dielectric surface and the light-generating part of the plasma forms a narrow, about 1 mm thick plasma boundary layer. The in the plasma boundary layer Delivered power can take high values and significantly reduces the efficiency (lumens per watt) of the lamp. A high secondary emission coefficient γ This leads to a reduction in this proportion of power and to increase the efficiency of the lamp. Therefore, such materials are particularly suitable for the dielectric in which during operation of the lamp additional electrons at the plasma facing Surface deposit, and lead to a secondary emission coefficient γ> 0.01.

Bei allen denkbaren Ausführungsformen der Gasentladungslampe kann eine Verbesserung der Effizienz oder eine Verringerung der elektromagnetischen Störabstrahlung dadurch erzielt werden, das Druck und Füllgas für die Lampe so gewählt werden, daß die Einkoppelstrukturen in einem abnormalen Glimmodus betrieben werden. Damit verleiht der Kathodenfallbereich der gesamten Gasentladungslampe eine positive U/I-Kennlinie.In all conceivable embodiments of the gas discharge lamp, an improvement the efficiency or a reduction of the electromagnetic interference radiation thereby achieved be selected, the pressure and filling gas for the lamp so that the coupling structures be operated in an abnormal glow mode. Thus, the cathode trap area imparts the entire gas discharge lamp a positive U / I characteristic.

In der Figur 1 ist eine kapazitive Gasentladungslampe mit einem Glasrohr 1 dargestellt, das als Gasentladungsgefäß dient. Das von innen phosphorbeschichtete Glasrohr 1 besitzt einen Innendurchmesser von 50 mm und ist mit 5 mbar Ar und 5 mg Hg gefüllt. An beiden Seiten des Glasrohres 1 ist jeweils eine dielektrische kapazitive Einkoppelstruktur bestehend aus einer scheibenförmigen dielektrischen Schicht 2 und einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 3 angebracht. Die dielektrische Schicht 2 wird durch eine Scheibe mit einem Durchmesser von 5 cm und einer Dicke von 0,5 mm gebildet, die aus Ba(Ti0,9Zr0,1)O3 besteht, das mit einer kleinen Menge Mn Akzeptor-dotiert ist. Die dielektrische Scheibe 2 wird mittels eines Lötverfahrens am Gasentladungsgefäß 1 befestigt, so daß eine vakuumdichte Verbindung entsteht. Die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 3 wird durch Aufbringen einer Silberpaste realisiert, so daß ein elektrischer Kontakt für den Anschluß an ein externes Stromnetz 4 zur Verfügung steht. Als externes Stromnetz 4 dient in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel das Netz für Privathaushalte mit 230 V und 50 Hz. Beim Einschalten der Netzspannung zündet die Gasentladung der Lampe und es bildet sich eine stationäre Gasentladung aus. Elektronen gelangen auf die Oberfläche des Dielektrikums und bleiben dort haften. Die im Betrieb der Lampe entstehende Aufladung des Dielektrikums (2) führt zu einem elektrischen Feld zwischen den dielektrischen Einkoppelstrukturen (2), das eine vereinfachte Wiederzündung in der nächsten Halbphase der Wechselspannungsversorgung (nach Stromumkehr) und eine Erhöhung des ioneninduzierten Sekundäremissionskoeffizienten γ zur Folge hat. Dadurch wird die Kathodenfallregion (Dunkelzone in der Nähe der Einkoppelstruktur, in der kein Licht erzeugt wird) verkleinert und damit die Effizienz der Gasentladungslampe erhöht.FIG. 1 shows a capacitive gas discharge lamp with a glass tube 1 serving as a gas discharge vessel. The inside of the glass-coated glass tube 1 has an inner diameter of 50 mm and is filled with 5 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg. On both sides of the glass tube 1 is in each case a dielectric capacitive coupling structure consisting of a disc-shaped dielectric layer 2 and an electrically conductive layer 3 attached. The dielectric layer 2 is formed by a disk having a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, which consists of Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 doped with a small amount of Mn acceptor is. The dielectric disc 2 is attached to the gas discharge vessel 1 by means of a soldering process, so that a vacuum-tight connection is formed. The electrically conductive layer 3 is realized by applying a silver paste, so that an electrical contact for connection to an external power grid 4 is available. As an external power grid 4 is used in this embodiment, the network for households with 230 V and 50 Hz. When switching on the mains voltage ignites the gas discharge of the lamp and it forms a stationary gas discharge. Electrons reach the surface of the dielectric and stick there. The charging of the dielectric (2) during operation of the lamp leads to an electric field between the dielectric coupling structures (2), which results in a simplified re-ignition in the next half-phase of the AC supply (after current reversal) and an increase of the ion-induced secondary emission coefficient γ. Thereby, the cathode fall region (dark zone in the vicinity of the coupling structure in which no light is generated) is reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the gas discharge lamp.

In der Figur 2 ist eine Lampe mit einem Glasrohr 5 als Gasentladungsgefäß dargestellt, das einen kleineren Innendurchmesser aufweist. Der Innendurchmesser beträgt nur 9 mm bei einer Füllung des innen phosphorbeschichteten Glasrohres 5 mit 15 mbar Ar und 5 mg Hg. An beiden Enden des Glasrohres 5 ist wieder jeweils eine dielektrische Einkoppelstruktur bestehend aus einer scheibenförmigen dielektrischen Schicht 2 und einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 3 angebracht. Die dielektrische Schicht 2 wird auch hier durch eine Scheibe mit einem Durchmesser von 5 cm und einer Dicke von 0,5 mm aus Ba(Ti0,9Zr0,1)O3 gebildet, das mit einer kleinen Menge Mn Akzeptor-dotiert ist. Die dielektrische Scheibe 2 ist mit dem Glasrohr 5 unter Verwendung einer Glaslottechnik vakuumdicht verbunden. Die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 3 wird durch Aufbringen einer Silberpaste realisiert, so daß ein elektrischer Kontakt für den Anschluß an ein externes Stromnetz 4 zur Verfügung steht. Als externes Stromnetz 4 soll auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel das Netz für Privathaushalte mit 230 V und 50 Hz verwendet werden. Diese Ausführungsform der Lampe bietet aufgrund des kleineren Innendurchmessers eine erhöhte Effizienz, da sich in diesem Fall die positive Säule der Gasentladung und die Elektroden- und Kathodenfallregion jeweils getrennt optimieren lassen.FIG. 2 shows a lamp with a glass tube 5 as a gas discharge vessel, which has a smaller inner diameter. The inner diameter is only 9 mm with a filling of the inner phosphor-coated glass tube 5 with 15 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg. At both ends of the glass tube 5 is again a respective dielectric coupling structure consisting of a disc-shaped dielectric layer 2 and an electrically conductive layer 3 attached. The dielectric layer 2 is also formed here by a disk with a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 0.5 mm from Ba (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O 3 , which is acceptor-doped with a small amount of Mn , The dielectric sheet 2 is vacuum-sealed to the glass tube 5 using a glass soldering technique. The electrically conductive layer 3 is realized by applying a silver paste, so that an electrical contact for connection to an external power grid 4 is available. As an external power grid 4 is to be used in this embodiment, the network for households with 230 V and 50 Hz. This embodiment of the lamp offers an increased efficiency because of the smaller inner diameter, since in this case the positive column of the gas discharge and the electrode and cathode drop regions can each be optimized separately.

Die in der Figur 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform der Lampe besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß, das aus einem gebogenen Glasrohr 6 besteht. Das innen phosphorbeschichtete Glasrohr 6 hat einen Innendurchmesser von 9 mm und ist mit 15 mbar Ar und 5 mg Hg gefüllt. Die dielektrische Einkoppelstruktur an beiden Enden wird jeweils von einem zylinderförmigen Rohr 7 aus dem dielektrischen Material (speziell dotiertes BaTiO3) gebildet. Der dielektrische Zylinder 7 hat einen Außendurchmesser von 10 mm bei einer Wanddicke von 0,5 mm und einer Länge von 60 mm. Das Glasrohr 6 wird durch eine scheibenförmige, dielektrische Kappe 8 mittels eines Lötverfahrens vakuumdicht mit dem Glasrohr verschlossen. Auf dem dielektrischen Zylinder 7 ist eine Schicht Leitsilber aufgebracht, so daß eine elektrische Kontaktierung möglich ist. Mittels dieser Kontaktierung wird die Lampe mit einem externen Stromnetz 4 (230 V, 50 Hz) verbunden. Diese Gasentladungslampe bietet bei einer deutlich kompakteren Bauart und höherer mechanischer Stabilität ebenfalls eine sehr gute lichttechnische Effizienz. Natürlich sind auch andere Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Gasentladungslampe denkbar, insbesondere bei der Ausgestaltung des Entladungsgefäßes oder der Wahl der verwendeten dielektrischen und elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien für die Einkoppelstrukturen (z.B. zur Erfüllung bestimmter Anforderungen an die Form der Lampe oder produktionstechnischer Vorgaben). Weiterhin ist offensichtlich, daß die Erfindung nicht auf Lampen beschränkt ist, deren elektromagnetische Abstrahlung auf den sichtbaren Spektralbereich begrenzt ist.The embodiment of the lamp illustrated in FIG. 3 has a discharge vessel, which consists of a curved glass tube 6. The inside phosphor-coated glass tube 6 has an inner diameter of 9 mm and is filled with 15 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg. The dielectric coupling structure at both ends is in each case formed by a cylindrical tube 7 made of the dielectric material (especially doped BaTiO 3 ). The dielectric cylinder 7 has an outer diameter of 10 mm with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 60 mm. The glass tube 6 is closed by a disc-shaped, dielectric cap 8 by means of a soldering vacuum-tight with the glass tube. On the dielectric cylinder 7, a layer of conductive silver is applied, so that an electrical contact is possible. By means of this contact, the lamp is connected to an external power grid 4 (230 V, 50 Hz). This gas discharge lamp also offers a very good lighting efficiency with a much more compact design and higher mechanical stability. Of course, other embodiments of the gas discharge lamp according to the invention are conceivable, in particular in the design of the discharge vessel or the choice of the dielectric and electrically conductive materials used for the coupling structures (eg to meet certain requirements for the shape of the lamp or production specifications). Furthermore, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to lamps whose electromagnetic radiation is limited to the visible spectral range.

Claims (9)

  1. A gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel (1) and at least one capacitive coupling-in structure comprising a dielectric (2) and an electric contact (3) provided on the side of the dielectric (2) facing the surroundings of the lamp, characterized in that the part of the dielectric (2) contacting both the inside of the discharge vessel (1) and the electric contact (3) has a dielectric saturation polarization P and a surface A whose product P·A meets the requirement P·A > 10-5C.
  2. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the part of the dielectric (2) contacting both the inside of the discharge vessel (1) and the electric contact (3) has a coercive field strength EC and a thickness d whose product EC·d meets the requirement EC·d < 200 V.
  3. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a dielectric (2) with an electric breakdown field strength Ebd is provided to form the capacitive coupling-in structure (2), with the product Ebd·d < 200 V.
  4. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric (2) is composed of a paraelectric, ferroelectric or antiferroelectric solid matter.
  5. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric (2) is composed of Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3 with acceptor dopants.
  6. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the zirconium content x = 0.10.
  7. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a dopant with Mn3+ forms the acceptor dopant.
  8. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the surface A of the part of the dielectric (2) contacting both the inside of the discharge vessel (1) and the electric contact (3) meets the requirement A > 0.5 cm2.
  9. A gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the thickness d of the part of the dielectric (2) contacting both the inside of the discharge vessel (1) and the electric contact (3) meets the requirement d < 5 mm.
EP00201148A 1999-04-07 2000-03-28 Gas discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP1043757B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19915617 1999-04-07
DE19915617A DE19915617A1 (en) 1999-04-07 1999-04-07 Gas discharge lamp

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DE19945758A1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2001-03-29 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Gas discharge lamp
DE10122392A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-14 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Gas discharge lamp
CN100409400C (en) 2001-08-06 2008-08-06 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Low-pressure gas discharge lamps
WO2003021620A2 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Low-pressure gas discharge lamp
KR100498307B1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2005-07-01 엘지전자 주식회사 Reluminescence acceleration apparatus for plasma lighting system
JP2005216647A (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-11 Ushio Inc High radiance flash discharge lamp
KR101123454B1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2012-03-26 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 Fluorescent lamp, manufacturing method thereof and backlight unit having the same
JP2008537838A (en) * 2005-03-30 2008-09-25 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Discharge lamp and backlight unit for backlighting a display device including such a discharge lamp
KR101183418B1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2012-09-14 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 External Electrode Florescent Lamp And Backlight Unit Of Liquid Crtstal Display Device
US20110134399A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2011-06-09 Asml Netherlands B.V. Lithographic Projection Apparatus

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US2624858A (en) * 1948-11-15 1953-01-06 William B Greenlee Gaseous discharge lamp
US5013966A (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-05-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge lamp with external electrodes
CN1084044C (en) * 1994-11-08 2002-05-01 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 Low-pressure discharge lamp
US5720859A (en) * 1996-06-03 1998-02-24 Raychem Corporation Method of forming an electrode on a substrate
JPH1140462A (en) * 1997-07-22 1999-02-12 Tdk Corp Cr composite electronic component, manufacture thereof and inductor
US6191539B1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2001-02-20 Korry Electronics Co Fluorescent lamp with integral conductive traces for extending low-end luminance and heating the lamp tube

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DE50011273D1 (en) 2005-11-10
US6465955B1 (en) 2002-10-15
CN1274943A (en) 2000-11-29
EP1043757A1 (en) 2000-10-11
JP2000311660A (en) 2000-11-07
CN1214442C (en) 2005-08-10

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