EP1042517B1 - Loading device for supporting parts to be thermally treated in a furnace - Google Patents

Loading device for supporting parts to be thermally treated in a furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1042517B1
EP1042517B1 EP98959989A EP98959989A EP1042517B1 EP 1042517 B1 EP1042517 B1 EP 1042517B1 EP 98959989 A EP98959989 A EP 98959989A EP 98959989 A EP98959989 A EP 98959989A EP 1042517 B1 EP1042517 B1 EP 1042517B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacers
trays
tray
base
loading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98959989A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1042517A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Maumus
Guy Martin
Jean-Roch Vivier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP1042517A1 publication Critical patent/EP1042517A1/en
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Publication of EP1042517B1 publication Critical patent/EP1042517B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for loading, or tool, intended to support parts in a heat treatment furnace.
  • a particular, but not exclusive, area of application of the invention is that of tools for supporting parts to be treated in a cementation furnace.
  • thermostructural composite material at the place of a metallic material, to make hearths of heat treatment.
  • Several soles can be provided, spaced from each other by spacers also made made of thermostructural composite material.
  • the composite material used is a carbon / carbon (C / C) composite material or a ceramic matrix composite material (CMC) whose properties mechanical make them suitable for constituting structural elements and which retain these properties up to high temperatures.
  • the charging device described in the document EP-A-0 518 746 is not suitable for carrying out a optimal loading, as may be desired when relatively large number of identical parts must be processed.
  • this device known does not lend itself to the robotization of loading operations and unloading of parts.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the devices of the prior art and proposes to this effect a loading device made of composite material thermostructural and comprising: a base; an integral load mast of the base, projecting from a central part of the base, and extending over at least the entire height of the loading device; a plurality loading platforms provided with a central passage to allow the loading mast passage; each load tray carrying several columns allowing the successive mounting of the trays to predetermined intervals, the columns carried by each tray being in the same number and being aligned so as to constitute, after the mounting of the plates, load recovery columns extending over the height of the loading device, and at least one of the balusters carried by each tray having a layout and / or a dimension different from other balusters carried by the same tray in order to allow indexing of the plates during their assembly.
  • the loading device due to its realization in thermostructural composite material, and the presence of means indexing of the platforms, makes it possible to satisfy the conditions of stability dimensional and precision required for robotic operations loading and unloading of parts to be treated.
  • each tray has means of positioning of parts in predetermined locations.
  • the loading device comprises first trays on which the parts positioning means occupy a first position relative to the balusters, and second trays on which the parts positioning means occupy a second position, different from the first, with respect to columns. These first trays alternate with the second trays, so that the parts positioning means are not not all aligned vertically.
  • Each tray has means of reception of balusters suitable for receiving baluster ends carried by a tray located below.
  • a column On each tray, a column at least has a different arrangement with respect to the axis of the mast of the other colorinettes and at least one baluster has a different dimension compared to the other balusters, so that two identical trays cannot be mounted one immediately above on the other and that the plates can only be mounted in the angular positions required around the mast axis.
  • the means of positioning may include at least part of the balusters.
  • Each tray has means for receiving suitable balusters to receive ends of balusters carried by a tray located below.
  • At least one column on each tray has a layout relative to the axis of the mast different from that of the other columns, and / or a different dimension from that of the other balusters, so that the trays can only be mounted in angular positions predetermined with respect to the axis of the mast.
  • the columns protruding from the base and the plates can be in the form of independent elements or, preferably, in the form of elements integral with the base or the plate which carries them.
  • the loading device, or tool, partially illustrated by Figure 1 is intended for loading a set of parts identical, for example steel pinions 10 (shown diagrammatically by rings) for motor vehicles, in order to subject them to a carburizing treatment in an oven.
  • steel pinions 10 shown diagrammatically by rings
  • the loading device comprises a horizontal base 20, from the center of which projects a vertical load mast 30 and a plurality of horizontal plates 40 spaced along the mast 30 and separated from each other by means of columns 50 forming spacers.
  • the base 20, which supports the entire load, has a shape circular and is provided with openings 21 which make it possible to lighten and facilitate gas circulation.
  • the load mast 30 is terminated at its free end by a gripping head 31 connected to the rest of the mast by a portion of diameter reduced 32 forming a groove, the head 31 allowing the gripping of the whole load by a handling tool or machine automatic.
  • Trays 40 (not all shown), thick significantly less than that of the base 20, are part of a circular outline having substantially the same diameter as the base.
  • Each tray has a central passage 41, for the passage of the mast 30, and openings 42. These openings open the tray, reducing its mass and its thermal inertia, and favor the circulation of gas over the entire height of the stack. However, when the trays are in place, the openings 42 of the plates are not exactly aligned to avoid a "chimney" effect for gas circulation.
  • the parts 10 to be treated (not all shown) are arranged on each tray in predetermined locations.
  • groups of pawns 45 are mounted in orifices formed in trays.
  • the pawns 45 for example the number three, fit inside the internal circumference of a part 10.
  • the balusters 50 are carried by the base and each plate, and integral with these, for example by gluing and / or insertion of their lower end into orifices formed in the base or each plate.
  • the columns 50 are terminated by a cylindrical part, or head, 51 of reduced diameter which engages in an orifice of corresponding diameter formed in the immediately upper plate, this engagement being facilitated by the frustoconical shape given to the heads 51 at their upper ends.
  • the base and each plate carry 4 small columns distributed at regular angular intervals around the axis, but their number could be different, while being at least equal to 3.
  • the small columns carried by the base can be of reduced height, when the base does not have workpiece support means.
  • the base with means for supporting parts and balusters, in the same way as the plates 40 b , when the first plate mounted on the base is a plate 40 a , or vice versa, l 'base then constituting a loading plate.
  • the plates are of two types 40 a , 40 b arranged alternately. They differ from each other by the position of the workpiece supports relative to the balusters.
  • the plates 40 a have eight piece supports arranged at regular intervals around the axis of the plate, each piece support being on a radius making an angle of ⁇ / 8 with the radius on which find the nearest baluster.
  • the plates 40 b have eight coin supports arranged at regular intervals around the axis of the plate, each coin support being on a radius making an angle of 0 ° or ⁇ / 4 with the radius on which the nearest column.
  • Keying and indexing means make it possible to mount the plates by means of robots in the desired order (40 a , 40 b , 40 a , 40 b , ...) from the base and respecting the desired angular position around the axis of the mast 30.
  • the column heads As a polarizing means, it is possible to give at least one of the column heads a diameter different from that of the other column heads carried by the same plate or base.
  • two opposite columns 50 1 , 50 2 carried by a plate 40 a have heads of diameter larger than that of the heads of the other columns 50 3 , 50 4
  • the two opposite columns 50 1 , 50 2 carried by the base or a plate 40 b have heads of diameter smaller than that of the heads of the other balusters 50 3 , 50 4 .
  • each plate or the base As a means of angular indexing, it is possible to give at least one of the columns carried by each plate or the base a position different from that of the other columns carried by the same plate or base, for example by placing the columns at the tops of a non-regular polygon.
  • one (50 1 ) of the columns is located at a distance from the axis of the mast 30 greater than the distance at which the other columns are located.
  • the load consists of mounting the plates 40 a , 40 b successively on the base and, each time a plate is mounted, filling it with pieces 10 by placing these around each group of pins 45.
  • the plates can be furnished with parts 10 before they are assembled.
  • the first and the last plate of the assembly mounted on the base are of the same type, for example 40 a , as in the example illustrated. In this way, in the case where the plates have to be transferred one by one from a first base to a second, the first plate removed is also the first reinstalled. The total number of trays is therefore odd.
  • the angular positions of the plates are such that all the columns carried by the base and each tray is in the same arrangement, so that the balusters are aligned, and form columns extending over the entire height of the loading.
  • Each tray then only has to support its own load (and not also that of the trays located above), so that the trays may have the same thickness less than that of the base.
  • the workpiece supports are not vertically aligned, being angularly offset by ⁇ / 8 between two successive trays. In this way, the parts to be treated are better distributed in the oven and the formation of gas streams likely to cause inhomogeneous treatment of the parts is avoided.
  • the dimensional stability of the main components loading device (base 20, mast 30, trays 40, balusters 50), necessary to obtain the precision required for robotization loading and unloading, is achieved by performing these elements in thermostructural composite material.
  • the composite materials that can be used are the materials carbon / carbon composites (C / C) and matrix composite materials ceramic (CMC).
  • the C / C composites are obtained by performing a carbon fiber fibrous preform and densification of the preform by formation of a carbon matrix within its porosity.
  • the matrix carbon can be obtained by liquid, i.e. by impregnation of the preform by means of a liquid composition (such as a resin) carbon precursor and heat treatment to transform the carbon precursor, or by gas, that is to say by infiltration chemical vapor phase.
  • CMCs are obtained by performing a fiber preform in refractory fibers, for example carbon fibers or ceramic, and densification of the preform by forming a ceramic matrix within its porosity.
  • the ceramic matrix for example made of silicon carbide (SiC) can be obtained by liquid or by chemical vapor infiltration.
  • the surfaces of these parts in contact may be coated with a metal strip or provided with a non-stick coating, for example made of boron nitride (BN).
  • BN boron nitride
  • the BN coating can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition, surface parts not to be coated being masked.
  • the pins 25 constituting the workpiece supports can be made of metal, for example steel. They are advantageously set with cold in their homes. Pawns can be coated with copper, for example example by electrolytic copper plating to avoid sticking with steel parts to be treated.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a device loading according to the invention, more particularly intended for support for elongated parts 110 of revolution, such as hollow steel drive shafts for motor vehicles, for subject them to a case hardening treatment in an oven.
  • elongated parts 110 of revolution such as hollow steel drive shafts for motor vehicles
  • Horizontal plates 140 are mounted at predetermined intervals around the mast 130 while being spaced to each other by means of balusters 150 (not all shown) also forming supports for the parts 110 (not all represented).
  • the columns 150 are in the form of independent rods which are plugged at their base into holes formed in the tray which supports them and whose frustoconical free end engages in a socket 143 formed under an upper plate.
  • the plates 140 are of two types 140 a , 140 b arranged alternately in two different angular positions relative to the axis of the mast 130 which passes through central passages 141 of the plates, the total number of plates preferably being odd, as in the first embodiment.
  • each baluster 150 extends between two plates occupying the same angular position (for example two plates 140 a ), passing through openings or cutouts 142 formed in the plate (140 b ) angularly offset and located between these two plates (140 a ).
  • each column extends over a height substantially equal to twice the distance between consecutive plates, which allows to support parts of relatively large length, while optimizing the loading. It may be envisaged to use balusters extending between two plates between which are arranged a number n of plates. The plates are then distributed into a number of different groups equal to n , the plates of the same group occupying the same particular angular position different from that of the other groups.
  • the base and the lower plate 140 a carry special columns 151 which make it possible to respectively support the lower plate 140 a and the lower plate 140 b in desired angular positions.
  • balusters 150 (and of the sockets 143) carried by a plate 140 a or 140 b are different, in particular with respect to the axis of the mast 130, so as to impose the angular position of the plate of the same type situated above .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The loader device is made of a thermostructural composite material and comprises a base (20), a loading pole (30) secured to the base and extending at least over the full height of the loader device, and a plurality of loading trays (40) each provided with a central passage through which the loading pole can pass. Each loading tray carries a plurality of spacers (50) enabling the trays to be mounted in succession at predetermined intervals, each tray carrying the same number of spacers which are in alignment so that after the trays have been assembled the spacers make up load-carrying columns extending over the height of the loader device, and at least one of the spacers carried by each tray has a disposition and/or a size that differs from the other spacers carried by the same tray so as to enable the trays to be indexed during assembly. Each tray (40) has means (45) for positioning parts at predetermined locations.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de chargement, ou outillage, destiné à supporter des pièces dans un four de traitement thermique.The present invention relates to a device for loading, or tool, intended to support parts in a heat treatment furnace.

Un domaine particulier, mais non exclusif, d'application de l'invention est celui des outillages pour le support de pièces à traiter dans un four de cémentation.A particular, but not exclusive, area of application of the invention is that of tools for supporting parts to be treated in a cementation furnace.

Dans ce domaine, les outillages les plus couramment utilisés, comme celui décrit dans le document EP-A-0 324 183, sont métalliques. Ils présentent deux principaux inconvénients :

  • ils se cémentent et deviennent rapidement cassants, ce qui peut entraíner de graves désordres dans les fours,
  • ils se déforment sous l'effet de la chaleur, ce qui entraíne : une déformation des pièces qui peut requérir une rectification ultérieure avec, par conséquent, une perte d'épaisseur de la couche cémentée ; l'impossibilité d'une robotisation des opérations de chargement et de déchargement en raison d'un défaut de précision de position ; et des difficultés possibles pour l'introduction des outillages déformés dans des cellules de trempe.
In this field, the most commonly used tools, such as that described in document EP-A-0 324 183, are made of metal. They have two main drawbacks:
  • they cement and quickly become brittle, which can cause serious disorders in the ovens,
  • they deform under the effect of heat, which results in: deformation of the parts which may require subsequent rectification with, consequently, a loss of thickness of the cemented layer; the impossibility of robotic loading and unloading operations due to a lack of position accuracy; and possible difficulties in introducing the deformed tools into quenching cells.

Il est déjà connu, notamment du document EP-A-0 518 746, d'utiliser un matériau composite thermostructural, à la place d'un matériau métallique, pour réaliser des soles de fours de traitement thermique. Plusieurs soles peuvent être prévues, espacées les unes des autres par des entretoises réalisées également en matériau composite thermostructural. Le matériau composite utilisé est un matériau composite carbone/carbone (C/C) ou un matériau composite à matrice céramique (CMC) dont les propriétés mécaniques les rendent aptes à constituer des éléments de structure et qui conservent ces propriétés jusqu'à des températures élevées.It is already known, in particular from document EP-A-0 518 746, to use a thermostructural composite material, at the place of a metallic material, to make hearths of heat treatment. Several soles can be provided, spaced from each other by spacers also made made of thermostructural composite material. The composite material used is a carbon / carbon (C / C) composite material or a ceramic matrix composite material (CMC) whose properties mechanical make them suitable for constituting structural elements and which retain these properties up to high temperatures.

Toutefois, le dispositif de chargement décrit dans le document EP-A-0 518 746 ne s'avère pas adapté pour réaliser un chargement optimal, comme cela peut être souhaité lorsqu'un nombre relativement élevé de pièces identiques doivent être traitées. En outre, ce dispositif connu ne se prête pas à la robotisation des opérations de chargement et déchargement des pièces.However, the charging device described in the document EP-A-0 518 746 is not suitable for carrying out a optimal loading, as may be desired when relatively large number of identical parts must be processed. In addition, this device known does not lend itself to the robotization of loading operations and unloading of parts.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier aux inconvénients précités des dispositifs de l'art antérieur et propose à cet effet un dispositif de chargement réalisé en matériau composite thermostructural et comprenant : une embase ; un mât de charge solidaire de l'embase, faisant saillie d'une partie centrale de l'embase, et s'étendant sur au moins toute la hauteur du dispositif de chargement ; une pluralité de plateaux de chargement munis d'un passage central pour permettre le passage du mât de charge ; chaque plateau de chargement portant plusieurs colonnettes permettant le montage successif des plateaux à intervalles prédéterminés, les colonnettes portées par chaque plateau étant en même nombre et étant alignées de façon à constituer, après le montage des plateaux, des colonnes de reprise de charge s'étendant sur la hauteur du dispositif de chargement, et au moins l'une des colonnettes portées par chaque plateau ayant une disposition et/ou une dimension différente de celle des autres colonnettes portées par le même plateau afin de permettre une indexation des plateaux lors de leur montage.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the devices of the prior art and proposes to this effect a loading device made of composite material thermostructural and comprising: a base; an integral load mast of the base, projecting from a central part of the base, and extending over at least the entire height of the loading device; a plurality loading platforms provided with a central passage to allow the loading mast passage; each load tray carrying several columns allowing the successive mounting of the trays to predetermined intervals, the columns carried by each tray being in the same number and being aligned so as to constitute, after the mounting of the plates, load recovery columns extending over the height of the loading device, and at least one of the balusters carried by each tray having a layout and / or a dimension different from other balusters carried by the same tray in order to allow indexing of the plates during their assembly.

Le dispositif de chargement, du fait de sa réalisation en matériau composite thermostructural, et de la présence de moyens d'indexation des plateaux, permet de satisfaire les conditions de stabilité dimensionnelle et précision requises pour une robotisation des opérations de chargement et de déchargement de pièces à traiter.The loading device, due to its realization in thermostructural composite material, and the presence of means indexing of the platforms, makes it possible to satisfy the conditions of stability dimensional and precision required for robotic operations loading and unloading of parts to be treated.

Avantageusement, chaque plateau présente des moyens de positionnement de pièces en des emplacements prédéterminés. Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de chargement comprend des premiers plateaux sur lesquels les moyens de positionnement de pièces occupent une première position par rapport aux colonnettes, et des deuxièmes plateaux sur lesquels les moyens de positionnement de pièces occupent une deuxième position, différente de la première, par rapport aux colonnettes. Ces premiers plateaux alternent avec les deuxièmes plateaux, de sorte que les moyens de positionnement de pièces ne sont pas tous alignés verticalement. Chaque plateau présente des moyens de réception de colonnettes aptes à recevoir des extrémités de colonnettes portées par un plateau situé au-dessous. Sur chaque plateau, une colonnette au moins a une disposition par rapport à l'axe du mât différente de celle des autres colorinettes et une colonnette au moins a une dimension différente par rapport aux autres colonnettes, de sorte que deux plateaux identiques ne peuvent être montés l'un immédiatement au-dessus de l'autre et que les plateaux ne peuvent être montés que dans les positions angulaires requises autour de l'axe du mât.Advantageously, each tray has means of positioning of parts in predetermined locations. According to a embodiment, the loading device comprises first trays on which the parts positioning means occupy a first position relative to the balusters, and second trays on which the parts positioning means occupy a second position, different from the first, with respect to columns. These first trays alternate with the second trays, so that the parts positioning means are not not all aligned vertically. Each tray has means of reception of balusters suitable for receiving baluster ends carried by a tray located below. On each tray, a column at least has a different arrangement with respect to the axis of the mast of the other colorinettes and at least one baluster has a different dimension compared to the other balusters, so that two identical trays cannot be mounted one immediately above on the other and that the plates can only be mounted in the angular positions required around the mast axis.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens de positionnement peuvent comprendre au moins une partie des colonnettes. Chaque plateau présente des moyens de réception de colonnettes aptes à recevoir des extrémités de colonnettes portées par un plateau situé au-dessous. Sur chaque plateau, au moins une colonnette a une disposition par rapport à l'axe du mât différente de celle des autres colonnettes, et/ou une dimension différente de celle des autres colonnettes, de sorte que les plateaux ne peuvent être montés que dans des positions angulaires prédéterminées par rapport à l'axe du mât.According to another embodiment, the means of positioning may include at least part of the balusters. Each tray has means for receiving suitable balusters to receive ends of balusters carried by a tray located below. At least one column on each tray has a layout relative to the axis of the mast different from that of the other columns, and / or a different dimension from that of the other balusters, so that the trays can only be mounted in angular positions predetermined with respect to the axis of the mast.

Les colonnettes faisant saillie de l'embase et des plateaux peuvent être sous forme d'éléments indépendants ou, de préférence, sous forme d'éléments solidaires de l'embase ou du plateau qui les porte.The columns protruding from the base and the plates can be in the form of independent elements or, preferably, in the form of elements integral with the base or the plate which carries them.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de chargement conforme à l'invention ; et
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de chargement conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of a loading device according to the invention; and
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a loading device according to the invention.

Le dispositif de chargement, ou outillage, illustré partiellement par la figure 1 est destiné au chargement d'un ensemble de pièces identiques, par exemple des pignons en acier 10 (schématisés par des anneaux) pour des véhicules automobiles, afin de leur faire subir un traitement de cémentation dans un four.The loading device, or tool, partially illustrated by Figure 1 is intended for loading a set of parts identical, for example steel pinions 10 (shown diagrammatically by rings) for motor vehicles, in order to subject them to a carburizing treatment in an oven.

Le dispositif de chargement comprend une embase horizontale 20, du centre de laquelle fait saillie un mât de charge vertical 30 et une pluralité de plateaux horizontaux 40 espacés le long du mât 30 et séparés les uns des autres au moyen de colonnettes 50 formant entretoises. L'embase 20, qui supporte l'ensemble du chargement, a une forme circulaire et est munie d'ouvertures 21 qui permettent de l'alléger et de faciliter la circulation de gaz.The loading device comprises a horizontal base 20, from the center of which projects a vertical load mast 30 and a plurality of horizontal plates 40 spaced along the mast 30 and separated from each other by means of columns 50 forming spacers. The base 20, which supports the entire load, has a shape circular and is provided with openings 21 which make it possible to lighten and facilitate gas circulation.

Le mât de charge 30 est terminé à son extrémité libre par une tête de préhension 31 reliée au reste du mât par une partie de diamètre réduit 32 formant une gorge, la tête 31 permettant la préhension de l'ensemble du chargement par un outil ou engin de manipulation automatique.The load mast 30 is terminated at its free end by a gripping head 31 connected to the rest of the mast by a portion of diameter reduced 32 forming a groove, the head 31 allowing the gripping of the whole load by a handling tool or machine automatic.

Les plateaux 40 (non tous représentés), d'épaisseur sensiblement moindre que celle de l'embase 20, s'inscrivent dans un contour circulaire ayant sensiblement même diamètre que l'embase. Chaque plateau présente un passage central 41, pour le passage du mât 30, et des ouvertures 42. Ces dernières réalisent un ajourage du plateau, diminuant sa masse et son inertie thermique, et favorisent la circulation de gaz sur toute la hauteur de l'empilement. Toutefois, lorsque les plateaux sont en place, les ouvertures 42 des plateaux ne sont pas exactement alignées afin d'éviter un effet de "cheminée" pour la circulation des gaz.Trays 40 (not all shown), thick significantly less than that of the base 20, are part of a circular outline having substantially the same diameter as the base. Each tray has a central passage 41, for the passage of the mast 30, and openings 42. These openings open the tray, reducing its mass and its thermal inertia, and favor the circulation of gas over the entire height of the stack. However, when the trays are in place, the openings 42 of the plates are not exactly aligned to avoid a "chimney" effect for gas circulation.

Les pièces 10 à traiter (non toutes représentées) sont disposées sur chaque plateau en des emplacements prédéterminés. A cet effet, des groupes de pions 45 sont montés dans des orifices formés dans les plateaux. Dans chaque groupe, les pions 45, par exemple au nombre de trois, s'inscrivent à l'intérieur de la circonférence interne d'une pièce 10.The parts 10 to be treated (not all shown) are arranged on each tray in predetermined locations. In this indeed, groups of pawns 45 are mounted in orifices formed in trays. In each group, the pawns 45, for example the number three, fit inside the internal circumference of a part 10.

Les colonnettes 50 (non toutes représentées) sont portées par l'embase et chaque plateau, et solidaires de ceux-ci, par exemple par collage et/ou insertion de leur extrémité inférieure dans des orifices formés dans l'embase ou chaque plateau. A leurs extrémités supérieures, les colonnettes 50 sont terminées par une partie cylindrique, ou tête, 51 de diamètre réduit qui s'engage dans un orifice de diamètre correspondant formé dans le plateau immédiatement supérieur, cet engagement étant facilité par la forme tronconique donnée aux têtes 51 à leurs extrémités supérieures. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'embase et chaque plateau portent 4 colonnettes réparties à intervalles angulaires réguliers autour de l'axe, mais leur nombre pourrait être différent, tout en étant au minimum égal à 3. Les colonnettes portées par l'embase peuvent être de hauteur réduite, lorsque l'embase ne présente pas de moyens de support de pièce. En variante, il est envisageable de munir l'embase de moyens de support de pièces et de colonnettes, de la même façon que les plateaux 40b, lorsque le premier plateau monté sur l'embase est un plateau 40a, ou inversement, l'embase constituant alors un plateau de chargement.The balusters 50 (not all shown) are carried by the base and each plate, and integral with these, for example by gluing and / or insertion of their lower end into orifices formed in the base or each plate. At their upper ends, the columns 50 are terminated by a cylindrical part, or head, 51 of reduced diameter which engages in an orifice of corresponding diameter formed in the immediately upper plate, this engagement being facilitated by the frustoconical shape given to the heads 51 at their upper ends. In the example illustrated, the base and each plate carry 4 small columns distributed at regular angular intervals around the axis, but their number could be different, while being at least equal to 3. The small columns carried by the base can be of reduced height, when the base does not have workpiece support means. As a variant, it is possible to provide the base with means for supporting parts and balusters, in the same way as the plates 40 b , when the first plate mounted on the base is a plate 40 a , or vice versa, l 'base then constituting a loading plate.

Les plateaux sont de deux types 40a, 40b disposés de façon alternée. Ils diffèrent les uns des autres par la position des supports de pièces relativement aux colonnettes. Ainsi, dans l'exemple illustré, les plateaux 40a présentent huit supports de pièces disposés à intervalles réguliers autour de l'axe du plateau, chaque support de pièce étant sur un rayon faisant un angle de π/8 avec le rayon sur lequel se trouve la colonnette la plus proche. Par contre, les plateaux 40b présentent huit supports de pièces disposés à intervalles réguliers autour de l'axe du plateau, chaque support de pièce étant sur un rayon faisant un angle de 0° ou π/4 avec le rayon sur lequel se trouve la colonnette la plus proche.The plates are of two types 40 a , 40 b arranged alternately. They differ from each other by the position of the workpiece supports relative to the balusters. Thus, in the example illustrated, the plates 40 a have eight piece supports arranged at regular intervals around the axis of the plate, each piece support being on a radius making an angle of π / 8 with the radius on which find the nearest baluster. On the other hand, the plates 40 b have eight coin supports arranged at regular intervals around the axis of the plate, each coin support being on a radius making an angle of 0 ° or π / 4 with the radius on which the nearest column.

Des moyens de détrompage et d'indexation permettent de monter les plateaux au moyen de robots en respectant l'ordre voulu (40a, 40b, 40a, 40b, ...) à partir de l'embase et en respectant la position angulaire voulue autour de l'axe du mât 30.Keying and indexing means make it possible to mount the plates by means of robots in the desired order (40 a , 40 b , 40 a , 40 b , ...) from the base and respecting the desired angular position around the axis of the mast 30.

Comme moyen de détrompage, on peut conférer à l'une au moins des têtes de colonnettes un diamètre différent de celui des autres têtes de colonnettes portées par le même plateau ou embase. Dans l'exemple illustré, deux colonnettes opposées 501, 502 portées par un plateau 40a ont des têtes de diamètre supérieur à celui des têtes des autres colonnettes 503, 504, tandis qu'inversement les deux colonnettes opposées 501, 502 portées par l'embase ou un plateau 40b ont des têtes de diamètre inférieur à celui des têtes des autres colonnettes 503, 504. En conférant aux orifices des plateaux 40a des diamètres correspondant aux têtes des colonnettes portées par l'embase et les plateaux 40b et, inversement, en conférant aux orifices des plateaux 40b des diamètres correspondant aux têtes des colonnettes portées par les plateaux 40a, on fait donc en sorte de rendre impossible le montage de deux plateaux 40a ou deux plateaux 40b l'un immédiatement au-dessus de l'autre. As a polarizing means, it is possible to give at least one of the column heads a diameter different from that of the other column heads carried by the same plate or base. In the example illustrated, two opposite columns 50 1 , 50 2 carried by a plate 40 a have heads of diameter larger than that of the heads of the other columns 50 3 , 50 4 , while conversely the two opposite columns 50 1 , 50 2 carried by the base or a plate 40 b have heads of diameter smaller than that of the heads of the other balusters 50 3 , 50 4 . By conferring on the orifices of the plates 40 a diameters corresponding to the heads of the columns carried by the base and the plates 40 b and, conversely, by conferring on the orifices of the plates 40 b diameters corresponding to the heads of the columns carried by the plates 40 a , so we make it impossible to mount two plates 40 a or two plates 40 b one immediately above the other.

Comme moyen d'indexation angulaire, on peut donner à l'une au moins des colonnettes portées par chaque plateau ou l'embase une position différente de celle des autres colonnettes portées par le même plateau ou embase, par exemple en disposant les colonnettes aux sommets d'un polygone non régulier. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'une (501) des colonnettes est située à une distance de l'axe du mât 30 supérieure à la distance à laquelle sont situées les autres colonnettes.As a means of angular indexing, it is possible to give at least one of the columns carried by each plate or the base a position different from that of the other columns carried by the same plate or base, for example by placing the columns at the tops of a non-regular polygon. In the example illustrated, one (50 1 ) of the columns is located at a distance from the axis of the mast 30 greater than the distance at which the other columns are located.

Le chargement est constitué en montant les plateaux 40a, 40b successivement sur l'embase et, à chaque fois qu'un plateau est monté, à le garnir de pièces 10 en disposant celles-ci autour de chaque groupe de pions 45. En variante, les plateaux pourront être garnis de pièces 10 avant leur montage. Les emplacements des pièces, l'ordre de montage des plateaux et la position angulaire de ceux-ci étant prédéterminés, le chargement peut être constitué automatiquement par robot, ainsi que le déchargement des pièces traitées. Dans le cas d'un chargement et d'un déchargement robotisés, il est préférable que le premier et le dernier plateau de l'ensemble monté sur l'embase soient du même type, par exemple 40a, comme dans l'exemple illustré. De la sorte, dans le cas où les plateaux doivent être transférés un à un d'une première embase à une deuxième, le premier plateau prélevé est aussi le premier réinstallé. Le nombre total de plateaux est donc impair.The load consists of mounting the plates 40 a , 40 b successively on the base and, each time a plate is mounted, filling it with pieces 10 by placing these around each group of pins 45. In as a variant, the plates can be furnished with parts 10 before they are assembled. The locations of the parts, the order of assembly of the plates and the angular position of these being predetermined, the loading can be constituted automatically by robot, as well as the unloading of the treated parts. In the case of robotic loading and unloading, it is preferable that the first and the last plate of the assembly mounted on the base are of the same type, for example 40 a , as in the example illustrated. In this way, in the case where the plates have to be transferred one by one from a first base to a second, the first plate removed is also the first reinstalled. The total number of trays is therefore odd.

Les positions angulaires des plateaux sont telles que l'ensemble des colonnettes portées par l'embase et chaque plateau est dans une même disposition, de sorte que les colonnettes se trouvent alignées, et forment des colonnes s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du chargement. Chaque plateau n'a alors qu'à supporter sa propre charge (et non aussi celle des plateaux situés au-dessus), de sorte que les plateaux peuvent avoir une même épaisseur inférieure à celle de l'embase. Contrairement aux colonnettes, les supports de pièces ne sont alors pas alignés verticalement, étant décalés angulairement de π/8 entre deux plateaux successifs. De la sorte, les pièces à traiter sont mieux réparties dans le four et la formation de courants gazeux susceptibles d'entraíner un traitement inhomogène des pièces est évitée.The angular positions of the plates are such that all the columns carried by the base and each tray is in the same arrangement, so that the balusters are aligned, and form columns extending over the entire height of the loading. Each tray then only has to support its own load (and not also that of the trays located above), so that the trays may have the same thickness less than that of the base. Unlike the balusters, the workpiece supports are not vertically aligned, being angularly offset by π / 8 between two successive trays. In this way, the parts to be treated are better distributed in the oven and the formation of gas streams likely to cause inhomogeneous treatment of the parts is avoided.

La stabilité dimensionnelle des principaux éléments constitutifs du dispositif de chargement (embase 20, mât 30, plateaux 40, colonnettes 50), nécessaire pour obtenir la précision requise en vue de la robotisation du chargement et du déchargement, est obtenue en réalisant ces éléments en matériau composite thermostructural.The dimensional stability of the main components loading device (base 20, mast 30, trays 40, balusters 50), necessary to obtain the precision required for robotization loading and unloading, is achieved by performing these elements in thermostructural composite material.

Les matériaux composites utilisables sont les matériaux composites carbone/carbone (C/C) et les matériaux composites à matrice céramique (CMC). Les composites C/C sont obtenus par réalisation d'une préforme fibreuse en fibres de carbone et densification de la préforme par formation d'une matrice carbone au sein de sa porosité. La matrice carbone peut être obtenue par voie liquide, c'est-à-dire par imprégnation de la préforme au moyen d'une composition liquide (telle qu'une résine) précurseur de carbone et traitement thermique pour transformer le précurseur en carbone, ou par voie gazeuse, c'est-à-dire par infiltration chimique en phase vapeur. Les CMC sont obtenus par réalisation d'une préforme fibres en fibres réfractaires, par exemple en fibres de carbone ou de céramique, et densification de la préforme par formation d'une matrice céramique au sein de sa porosité. De façon bien connue, la matrice céramique, par exemple en carbure de silicium (SiC) peut être obtenue par voie liquide ou par infiltration chimique en phase vapeur.The composite materials that can be used are the materials carbon / carbon composites (C / C) and matrix composite materials ceramic (CMC). The C / C composites are obtained by performing a carbon fiber fibrous preform and densification of the preform by formation of a carbon matrix within its porosity. The matrix carbon can be obtained by liquid, i.e. by impregnation of the preform by means of a liquid composition (such as a resin) carbon precursor and heat treatment to transform the carbon precursor, or by gas, that is to say by infiltration chemical vapor phase. CMCs are obtained by performing a fiber preform in refractory fibers, for example carbon fibers or ceramic, and densification of the preform by forming a ceramic matrix within its porosity. As is well known, the ceramic matrix, for example made of silicon carbide (SiC) can be obtained by liquid or by chemical vapor infiltration.

Afin d'éviter un collage entre les parties en contact de chaque plateau et des colonnettes qui les supportent, les surfaces de ces parties en contact peuvent être revêtues d'un feuillard métallique ou munies d'un revêtement anti-adhésif, par exemple en nitrure de bore (BN). Le revêtement BN peut être obtenu par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, les parties de surface ne devant pas être revêtues étant masquées.To avoid sticking between the contact parts of each tray and balusters supporting them, the surfaces of these parts in contact may be coated with a metal strip or provided with a non-stick coating, for example made of boron nitride (BN). The BN coating can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition, surface parts not to be coated being masked.

Les pions 25 constituant les supports de pièces peuvent être réalisés en métal, par exemple en acier. Ils sont avantageusement sertis à froid dans leurs logements. Les pions peuvent être revêtus de cuivre, par exemple par cuivrage électrolytique afin d'éviter un collage avec les pièces en acier à traiter.The pins 25 constituting the workpiece supports can be made of metal, for example steel. They are advantageously set with cold in their homes. Pawns can be coated with copper, for example example by electrolytic copper plating to avoid sticking with steel parts to be treated.

La figure 2 illustre un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de chargement conforme à l'invention, plus particulièrement destiné au support de pièces 110 de révolution de forme allongée, telles que des arbres de transmission creux en acier pour véhicules automobiles, afin de leur faire subir un traitement de cémentation dans un four. FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a device loading according to the invention, more particularly intended for support for elongated parts 110 of revolution, such as hollow steel drive shafts for motor vehicles, for subject them to a case hardening treatment in an oven.

De façon similaire au mode de réalisation précédent, on retrouve une embase 120 du centre de laquelle fait saillie un mât vertical 130 terminé à son extrémité libre par une tête de préhension 131.Similar to the previous embodiment, we finds a base 120 from the center of which projects a vertical mast 130 terminated at its free end by a gripping head 131.

Des plateaux horizontaux 140 (non tous représentés) sont montés à intervalles prédéterminés autour du mât 130 en étant espacés les uns des autres au moyen de colonnettes 150 (non toutes représentées) formant également des supports pour les pièces 110 (non toutes représentées).Horizontal plates 140 (not all shown) are mounted at predetermined intervals around the mast 130 while being spaced to each other by means of balusters 150 (not all shown) also forming supports for the parts 110 (not all represented).

Les colonnettes 150 sont sous forme de tiges indépendantes qui sont enfichées à leur base dans des orifices formés dans le plateau qui les supporte et dont l'extrémité libre tronconique s'engage dans une douille 143 formée sous un plateau supérieur.The columns 150 are in the form of independent rods which are plugged at their base into holes formed in the tray which supports them and whose frustoconical free end engages in a socket 143 formed under an upper plate.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les plateaux 140 sont de deux types 140a, 140b disposés alternativement dans deux positions angulaires différentes par rapport à l'axe du mât 130 qui passe à travers des passages centraux 141 des plateaux, le nombre total de plateaux étant de préférence impair, comme dans le premier mode de réalisation.In the example illustrated, the plates 140 are of two types 140 a , 140 b arranged alternately in two different angular positions relative to the axis of the mast 130 which passes through central passages 141 of the plates, the total number of plates preferably being odd, as in the first embodiment.

En outre, chaque colonnette 150, avec une pièce 110 engagée sur celle, s'étend entre deux plateaux occupant une même position angulaire (par exemple deux plateaux 140a), en passant à travers des ouvertures ou découpes 142 formées dans le plateau (140b) décalé angulairement et situé entre ces deux plateaux (140a). Ainsi, chaque colonnette s'étend sur une hauteur égale sensiblement au double de la distance entre plateaux consécutifs, ce qui permet de supporter des pièces de longueur relativement grande, tout en optimisant le chargement. Il pourra être envisagé d'utiliser des colonnettes s'étendant entre deux plateaux entre lesquels sont disposés un nombre n de plateaux. Les plateaux sont alors répartis en un nombre de groupes différents égal à n, les plateaux d'un même groupe occupant une même position angulaire particulière différente de celle des autres groupes.In addition, each baluster 150, with a part 110 engaged thereon, extends between two plates occupying the same angular position (for example two plates 140 a ), passing through openings or cutouts 142 formed in the plate (140 b ) angularly offset and located between these two plates (140 a ). Thus, each column extends over a height substantially equal to twice the distance between consecutive plates, which allows to support parts of relatively large length, while optimizing the loading. It may be envisaged to use balusters extending between two plates between which are arranged a number n of plates. The plates are then distributed into a number of different groups equal to n , the plates of the same group occupying the same particular angular position different from that of the other groups.

L'embase et le plateau inférieur 140a portent des colonnettes particulières 151 qui permettent de supporter respectivement le plateau inférieur 140a et le plateau inférieur 140b dans des positions angulaires voulues. The base and the lower plate 140 a carry special columns 151 which make it possible to respectively support the lower plate 140 a and the lower plate 140 b in desired angular positions.

Les dispositions des colonnettes 150 (et des douilles 143) portées par un plateau 140a ou 140b sont différentes, notamment par rapport à l'axe du mât 130, de façon à imposer la position angulaire du plateau de même type situé au-dessus.The arrangements of the balusters 150 (and of the sockets 143) carried by a plate 140 a or 140 b are different, in particular with respect to the axis of the mast 130, so as to impose the angular position of the plate of the same type situated above .

Claims (14)

  1. A loader device for supporting parts to be subjected to heat treatment in a furnace comprising a plurality of trays spaced apart from one another by means of spacers; a base (20; 120); a loading pole (30; 130) secured to the base, projecting from a central portion of the base and extending over at least the full height of the loader device; a plurality of loading trays (40; 140) each provided with a central passage for passing the loading pole; each loading tray carrying a plurality of spacers (50; 150; 151) enabling the successive passage of the trays at predetermined intervals, the device being characterized in that it is made of thermostructural composite material and in that each tray carries the same number of spacers, with the spacers being aligned so that, once the trays have been assembled, the spacers make up load-carrying columns extending up the height of the loader device, and at least one of the spacers carried by each tray having a disposition and/or a size that is different from the other spacers carried by the same tray so as to enable the trays to be indexed while they are being assembled.
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that each tray (40; 140) has spacer-receiving means (50) suitable for receiving the ends of the spacers carried by a tray situated beneath it.
  3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each tray (40; 140) has part-positioning means (45; 150) for positioning parts in predetermined locations.
  4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the loader device has first trays (40a) on which the part-positioning means occupy first positions relative to the spacers (50), and second trays (40b) on which the part-positioning means occupy second positions relative to the spacers, which second positions are different from the first positions, and in that the first trays alternate with the second trays so that the part-positioning means are not all in vertical alignment.
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that on each tray, the disposition of at least one spacer relative to the axis of the pole is different from that of the other spacers, and at least one spacer is of a size that is different from that of the other spacers so that two identical trays cannot be mounted one immediately above the other and so that the trays can be assembled only in the required angular positions around the axis of the pole.
  6. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the positioning means comprise at least some of the spacers (150).
  7. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each spacer (50; 150, 151) is secured to the tray that carries it.
  8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that the disposition of at least one spacer on each tray relative to the axis of the pole is different from the disposition of the other spacers, and/or the size thereof is different from that of other spacers so that identical trays can be assembled together only in predetermined angular positions about the axis of the pole.
  9. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the loader device has an odd number of trays.
  10. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spacers carried by the base and by each tray are situated at the vertices of an irregular polygon.
  11. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each spacer carried by each tray has at its end a portion that is designed to engage in a corresponding housing in a tray above.
  12. A device according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one of the spacers carried by each tray presents at its end a portion of small size that is different from the portions of small size at the ends of the other spacers carried by the same tray.
  13. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the spacers (150) extend between two trays (140) having one or more trays located between them, the trays forming a plurality of groups with the trays in each group occupying the same angular position that is different from the angular position of any other group.
  14. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the base constitutes a loading tray.
EP98959989A 1997-12-15 1998-12-15 Loading device for supporting parts to be thermally treated in a furnace Expired - Lifetime EP1042517B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715842 1997-12-15
FR9715842A FR2772467B1 (en) 1997-12-15 1997-12-15 LOADING DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING PARTS TO BE HEAT TREATED IN AN OVEN
PCT/FR1998/002732 WO1999031284A1 (en) 1997-12-15 1998-12-15 Loading device for supporting parts to be thermally treated in a furnace

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EP1042517B1 true EP1042517B1 (en) 2003-01-08

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EP (1) EP1042517B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3977595B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100562459B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE230804T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2315169C (en)
DE (1) DE69810662T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2190124T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2772467B1 (en)
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FR2677740B1 (en) * 1991-06-11 1998-03-13 Europ Propulsion LOADING DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING PARTS INSIDE AN OVEN.
US5458243A (en) * 1994-09-15 1995-10-17 Mcbride; Stanley B. Multiple stack-tray assembly
US6062398A (en) * 1999-07-21 2000-05-16 Thalmayr; Hermann Insert for holding test tubes in a conveyor capsule of a pneumatic tube conveyor system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2772467A1 (en) 1999-06-18
DE69810662T2 (en) 2003-11-13
KR20010024719A (en) 2001-03-26
EP1042517A1 (en) 2000-10-11
WO1999031284A1 (en) 1999-06-24
CA2315169C (en) 2008-02-19
JP3977595B2 (en) 2007-09-19
RU2220394C2 (en) 2003-12-27
CA2315169A1 (en) 1999-06-24
ES2190124T3 (en) 2003-07-16
FR2772467B1 (en) 2000-03-10
DE69810662D1 (en) 2003-02-13
JP2002508444A (en) 2002-03-19
US6318571B1 (en) 2001-11-20
ATE230804T1 (en) 2003-01-15
KR100562459B1 (en) 2006-03-20

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