EP1038290B1 - Ultrasonic transducer with a cup-shaped support - Google Patents
Ultrasonic transducer with a cup-shaped support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1038290B1 EP1038290B1 EP98962245A EP98962245A EP1038290B1 EP 1038290 B1 EP1038290 B1 EP 1038290B1 EP 98962245 A EP98962245 A EP 98962245A EP 98962245 A EP98962245 A EP 98962245A EP 1038290 B1 EP1038290 B1 EP 1038290B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- ultrasonic transducer
- substance
- transducer according
- piezoelectric disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005662 electromechanics Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002323 Silicone foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013514 silicone foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ultrasonic transducer for use as a transmitter and receiver in pulse-echo applications where the transmission medium for the sound wave is air.
- a special area of application of the ultrasonic transducer as Sensor affects the automotive sector.
- Converters for object detection within a Vehicle interior for example to control the Airbag ignition during an accident.
- Vibration mode of the converter has here Bending vibration of a membrane shown. to A round piezoceramic disc generates vibrations glued centrally on the back of a membrane. By Applying an electric field will make the ceramic too radial vibrations excited. Because of a stiff There is an adhesive connection with the membrane Bending vibration of the overall system. On the back of the Membrane is still a piece of foam to dampen the Provided vibration.
- DE-A-34 41 684 describes an ultrasonic transducer the preamble of claim 1 known, in which the Diameter of the piezoceramic disc almost 100% of the Diameter of the membrane and a foam layer is applied to the back of the piezoceramic disc, which, however, does not completely cover them (see also US Pat. No. 4,437,032).
- the parameters of the ultrasonic vibration are determined by the elastic and other mechanical properties of the overall system.
- the elastic properties of the materials used and the geometric dimensions of the components used have an influence on the resonance frequency, the opening angle of the sound beam, the quality of the vibration and the sensitivity of the sensor. A large number of influencing factors, which also influence one another, therefore determine the physical transducer properties.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a Ultrasonic transducer and a method for its production specify the high at a large opening angle Has sensitivity with the lowest possible quality.
- the Transducers are said to continue in a robust, resilient Housing executable and cheap in large quantities be producible.
- an ultrasonic transducer proposed in which a membrane in a holder arranged and a piezoelectric disc on a rear major surface of the membrane is applied.
- the Diameter of the piezoelectric disc is between 60% and 85% of the diameter of the membrane, so that a Remaining area of the membrane is not from the piezoelectric Disc is covered.
- On the back main surface of the A first substance is foamed in such a way that the membrane piezoelectric disc and the remaining surface of the membrane of the first fabric is completely covered.
- the bracket of the ultrasonic transducer which at the same time forms the housing, can be in one piece with the membrane made of a material such as aluminum or one Aluminum alloy (e.g. AlCuMgPb), inexpensively manufactured become.
- a bracket that with the membrane cup-shaped structure a robust, against mechanical influences from the outside provide a robust converter.
- the converter can with simple procedures, for example through a Extrusion processes are manufactured and therefore meets the Requirements for an inexpensive production in high Quantities.
- the thickness and the diameter of the ceramic, the thickness and the diameter of the membrane and the overall height of the aluminum housing have a significant influence on the properties of the transducer.
- the center frequency f of the ultrasonic transducer is proportional to the ratio of the square membrane diameter D M 2 and membrane thickness d M.
- the ceramic thickness d K is in turn proportional to the center frequency f, the relationship depending on the particular design.
- the sensitivity and the associated mechanical quality of the vibration can also be influenced by the material on the back of the ceramic (first material).
- a special ultrasonic transducer for use in object detection within a vehicle interior operates at a center frequency of 70 kHz. At this frequency, the opening angle of the 6dB sound beam should be as large as possible. In such a system there is a requirement that all essential objects with the different surface structures and materials reflect a detectable echo signal back in the direction of the transducer. The sensitivity of the converter must therefore be as high as possible.
- a converter with a membrane diameter of 8.85 ⁇ 0.02 mm, a membrane thickness of 0.83 ⁇ 0.02 mm and a ceramic thickness of 0.26 ⁇ 0.01 mm has proven particularly advantageous for this application.
- a cylindrical holder with a wall thickness of at least 2.85 mm and a height of, for example, 6.83 mm is used in such a converter. However, it goes without saying that smaller or larger heights of the holder are quite possible.
- the developed sensor fits without further changes the control electronics into an existing one Busy detection system in a motor vehicle.
- the first material foamed on the back of the membrane preferably consists of open-celled, soft material, for example polyurethane foam or silicone foam.
- Particularly advantageous transducer properties are achieved with polyurethane foam with a compression hardness (DIN 53577) of ⁇ 9 kPa and an acoustic loss factor (DIN 53426) of ⁇ 1.0.
- piezoelectric disk a piezoceramic with a relative dielectric constant of> 2500, a radial electromechanical coupling factor of> 0.5 and one mechanical quality of ⁇ 300 used.
- Ultrasonic transducer is initially a cup-shaped holder Made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the bottom of which one Forms membrane, for example by means of a Extrusion process made. On the back of the A piezoelectric disc is glued to the membrane mechanical and electrical contact to the membrane manufacture. One end will be on the piezoelectric disc soldered a thin wire. Finally, a first one Fabric in the pot-shaped holder on the back of the Foamed membrane, so that membrane and piezoelectric Disc are completely covered by the fabric.
- the ultrasonic transducer according to the invention is of course also for other air-ultrasound applications, the similar boundary conditions to the essential ones Specify converter properties, for example for Distance measurement or position detection systems, excellently suited. Because of the wide sound beam the sensor is particularly suitable for Room monitoring.
- the converter consists of a cylindrical aluminum housing (1).
- An aluminum membrane (2) forms the bottom of the housing.
- the aluminum housing of the converter is manufactured as a turned part.
- a piezoceramic disc (3) for example made of a PZT-5H ceramic, is glued concentrically with a thin adhesive with pressure into the aluminum pot (on the back of the membrane (2)).
- An electrode of the ceramic which is glued to the membrane surface, has electrical contact with the aluminum housing (1) via the membrane.
- the earth connection is ensured by a copper pin (6) which is driven into the aluminum housing. When producing large quantities, another method can also be selected for ground contact.
- the copper pin is connected via a thin wire (8) to a cable (10) that connects the converter to the control electronics.
- the other electrode of the ceramic (3) is connected to a further thin wire (9) via a soldering point (7) on the edge of the ceramic.
- a soldering point (7) on the edge of the ceramic.
- the wire (9) between the ceramic electrode and the cable (10) must be very light in order to avoid a further influencing factor on the vibration properties of the system.
- a rear view of the sensor with aluminum housing (1), aluminum membrane (2), glued-in ceramic disc (3), soldering point (7) and ground contact (6) can be seen in FIG. 2.
- the selected diaphragm diameter generates the desired opening angle (here:> 45 ° with a lateral 3dB sound pressure drop;> 55 ° with a lateral 6dB sound pressure drop) and is matched to the overall vibration system in order to effectively generate the bending vibration.
- the dimensions of the overall housing height, as well as the thickness and diameter of the ceramic disk were optimized with regard to the vibration behavior of the system. The thickness of the ceramic has less influence on the vibration behavior than the diameter.
- the components of the ultrasonic transducer have the following dimensions: Thickness of the housing wall d G 2.85 mm Height of the housing wall h G 6.83 mm Housing diameter D G 14.55 mm Diameter of the membrane D M 8.85 mm Thickness of the membrane d M 0.83 mm Diameter of the ceramic disc D K 6.75 mm Thickness of the ceramic disc d K 0.26 mm
- An essential parameter of the sensor is the mechanical goodness.
- the first material foamed on the back (4) determines the damping of the membrane vibration. Likewise can that play a role in the wall thickness of the pot.
- the influence the elastic properties of the first material (4) the resonance behavior only to a lesser extent and allow by using materials of different damping better way of checking the mechanical quality of the transducer adjust.
- Another second substance (5) applied to the back of the first substance (4) serves to prevent the propagation of a sound wave against the direction of the radiating membrane and its influence is coordinated with the resonance behavior of the overall system.
- the material of the second material (5) is a polyurethane and also fulfills the task of securing the transition between the very light wire that contacts the electrodes and the heavier connecting cable.
- the extent to which the membrane is covered or the aluminum housing is filled with the first and second substances (4, 5) can be seen in FIG. 1. In the example, the distance between the upper edge of the second material (5) and the upper edge of the housing wall (1) is 1.17 mm.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a rear view and a front view of the complete ultrasound transducer.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Ultraschallwandler für den Einsatz als Sender und Empfänger in Puls-Echo-Anwendungen, bei denen das Übertragungsmedium für die Schallwelle Luft ist.The present invention relates to a Ultrasonic transducer for use as a transmitter and receiver in pulse-echo applications where the transmission medium for the sound wave is air.
Ein besonderes Einsatzgebiet des Ultraschallwandlers als Sensor betrifft den Kfz-Bereich. Hier besteht ein Bedarf an Wandlern zur Objekterkennung innerhalb eines Fahrzeuginnenraums, beispielsweise zur Kontrolle der Airbagzündung während eines Unfalls.A special area of application of the ultrasonic transducer as Sensor affects the automotive sector. There is a need here Converters for object detection within a Vehicle interior, for example to control the Airbag ignition during an accident.
Auf dem Markt sind bereits zahlreiche Ultraschallwandler für derartige Anwendungen erhältlich. Als besonders effektive Schwingungsmode des Wandlers hat sich hierbei die Biegeschwingung einer Membran gezeigt. Zur Schwingungserzeugung wird eine runde Piezokeramikscheibe zentrisch auf die Rückseite einer Membran aufgeklebt. Durch Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes wird die Keramik zu radialen Schwingungen angeregt. Aufgrund einer steifen Klebeverbindung mit der Membran ergibt sich eine Biegeschwingung des Gesamtsystems. Auf der Rückseite der Membran ist weiterhin ein Stück Schaumstoff zur Dämpfung der Schwingung vorgesehen.Numerous ultrasonic transducers are already on the market available for such applications. As particularly effective Vibration mode of the converter has here Bending vibration of a membrane shown. to A round piezoceramic disc generates vibrations glued centrally on the back of a membrane. By Applying an electric field will make the ceramic too radial vibrations excited. Because of a stiff There is an adhesive connection with the membrane Bending vibration of the overall system. On the back of the Membrane is still a piece of foam to dampen the Provided vibration.
Aus der DE-A-34 41 684 ist ein Ultraschallwandler gemäß
dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bekannt, bei dem der
Durchmesser der Piezokeramikscheibe nahezu 100% des
Durchmessers der Membran beträgt und eine Schaumstoffschicht
auf der Rückseite der Piezokeramikscheibe aufgebracht ist,
die diese jedoch nicht vollständig bedeckt (siehe auch US-A-4 437 032).DE-A-34 41 684 describes an ultrasonic transducer
the preamble of
Die Parameter der Ultraschallschwingung werden durch die
elastischen und sonstigen mechanischen Eigenschaften des
Gesamtsystems bestimmt. Hierbei haben die elastischen
Eigenschaften der verwendeten Materialien und die
geometrischen Abmessungen der eingesetzten Komponenten einen
Einfluß auf die Resonanzfrequenz, den Öffnungswinkel der
Schallkeule, die Güte der Schwingung und die Empfindlichkeit
des Sensors.
Eine Vielzahl von Einflußfaktoren, die sich auch
gegenseitig beeinflussen, bestimmt daher die physikalischen
Wandlereigenschaften.The parameters of the ultrasonic vibration are determined by the elastic and other mechanical properties of the overall system. The elastic properties of the materials used and the geometric dimensions of the components used have an influence on the resonance frequency, the opening angle of the sound beam, the quality of the vibration and the sensitivity of the sensor.
A large number of influencing factors, which also influence one another, therefore determine the physical transducer properties.
Im obigen Anwendungsfall zur Kontrolle der Airbagzündung während eines Unfalls werden Eigenschaften des Wandlers gefordert, die in dieser Weise bisher von keinem der bekannten Wandler erfüllt werden. Die am Markt erhältlichen Wandler weisen stets einen oder mehrere der folgenden Nachteile auf, so z.B. eine zu geringe Empfindlichkeit, einen zu kleinen Öffnungswinkel der Schallabstrahlung, keine geschlossene Gehäuseform, keine ausreichende Widerstandsfähigkeit bezüglich mechanischer Einwirkung von außen, eine zu große mechanische Güte. Weiterhin sind sie häufig zu aufwendig in der Funktionsweise und somit fertigungstechnisch schwer realisierbar.In the above application to control the airbag ignition during an accident become properties of the converter requested in this way by none of the known converters are met. The ones available on the market Converters always assign one or more of the following Disadvantages, e.g. too low sensitivity, one opening angle of sound radiation too small, none closed housing shape, not sufficient Resistance to mechanical influences from outside, too great a mechanical quality. They are still often too expensive to operate and thus difficult to implement in terms of production technology.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Ultraschallwandler und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung anzugeben, der bei einem großen Öffnungswinkel eine hohe Empfindlichkeit bei möglichst geringer Güte aufweist. Der Wandler soll weiterhin in einem robusten, widerstandsfähigen Gehäuse ausführbar und in großen Stückzahlen günstig herstellbar sein.The object of the present invention is therefore a Ultrasonic transducer and a method for its production specify the high at a large opening angle Has sensitivity with the lowest possible quality. The Transducers are said to continue in a robust, resilient Housing executable and cheap in large quantities be producible.
Die Aufgabe wird mit dem Ultraschallwandler und dem
Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 1 und 15
gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Ultraschallwandlers
und des Verfahrens zu seiner Herstellung sind Gegenstand der
Unteransprüche.The task is done with the ultrasound transducer and the
Method according to the features of
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Ultraschallwandler vorgeschlagen, bei dem eine Membran in einer Halterung angeordnet und eine piezoelektrische Scheibe auf einer rückseitigen Hauptfläche der Membran aufgebracht ist. Der Durchmesser der piezoelektrischen Scheibe beträgt zwischen 60% und 85% des Durchmessers der Membran, so daß eine Restfläche der Membran nicht von der piezoelektrischen Scheibe bedeckt wird. Auf die rückseitige Hauptfläche der Membran ist ein erster Stoff derart aufgeschäumt, daß die piezoelektrische Scheibe und die Restfläche der Membran von dem ersten Stoff vollständig bedeckt sind. Durch das Aufschäumen dieses Stoffes können besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaften des Wandlers hinsichtlich Empfindlichkeit und mechanischer Güte erreicht werden. Das angegebene Verhältnis zwischen dem Durchmesser der Piezokeramik und der Membran führt bei aufgeschäumtem Stoff zu einem großen Öffnungswinkel der Schallabstrahlung.According to the invention, an ultrasonic transducer proposed in which a membrane in a holder arranged and a piezoelectric disc on a rear major surface of the membrane is applied. The Diameter of the piezoelectric disc is between 60% and 85% of the diameter of the membrane, so that a Remaining area of the membrane is not from the piezoelectric Disc is covered. On the back main surface of the A first substance is foamed in such a way that the membrane piezoelectric disc and the remaining surface of the membrane of the first fabric is completely covered. By the Foaming this substance can be particularly beneficial Transducer characteristics in terms of sensitivity and mechanical quality can be achieved. The specified ratio between the diameter of the piezoceramic and the membrane leads to a large opening angle when the material is foamed the sound radiation.
Die Halterung des Ultraschallwandlers, die gleichzeitig das Gehäuse bildet, kann zusammen mit der Membran einstückig aus einem Material, beispielsweise Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung (z.B. AlCuMgPb), kostengünstig gefertigt werden. Durch eine Halterung, die mit der Membran eine topfförmige Struktur bildet, läßt sich somit ein robuster, gegen mechanische Einwirkung von außen ausreichend widerstandsfähiger Wandler bereitstellen. Der Wandler kann mit einfachen Verfahren, beispielsweise durch ein Fließpreßverfahren hergestellt werden und erfüllt daher die Anforderungen an eine kostengünstige Fertigung in hohen Stückzahlen.The bracket of the ultrasonic transducer, which at the same time forms the housing, can be in one piece with the membrane made of a material such as aluminum or one Aluminum alloy (e.g. AlCuMgPb), inexpensively manufactured become. By a bracket that with the membrane cup-shaped structure, a robust, against mechanical influences from the outside provide a robust converter. The converter can with simple procedures, for example through a Extrusion processes are manufactured and therefore meets the Requirements for an inexpensive production in high Quantities.
Insbesondere die Dicke und der Durchmesser der Keramik, die Dicke und der Durchmesser der Membran sowie die Gesamthöhe des Aluminiumgehäuses beeinflussen wesentlich die Eigenschaften des Wandlers. So ist die Mittenfrequenz f des Ultraschallwandlers proportional zum Verhältnis von quadratischem Membrandurchmesser DM 2 und Membrandicke dM. Die Keramikdicke dK wiederum ist proportional der Mittenfrequenz f, wobei der Zusammenhang vom jeweiligen Design abhängt. Die Empfindlichkeit und die damit zusammenhängende mechanische Güte der Schwingung ist außerdem durch das Material auf der Rückseite der Keramik (erster Stoff) beeinflußbar.In particular, the thickness and the diameter of the ceramic, the thickness and the diameter of the membrane and the overall height of the aluminum housing have a significant influence on the properties of the transducer. The center frequency f of the ultrasonic transducer is proportional to the ratio of the square membrane diameter D M 2 and membrane thickness d M. The ceramic thickness d K is in turn proportional to the center frequency f, the relationship depending on the particular design. The sensitivity and the associated mechanical quality of the vibration can also be influenced by the material on the back of the ceramic (first material).
Ein spezieller Ultraschallwandler für die Anwendung zur
Objekterkennung innerhalb eines Fahrzeuginnenraums,
beispielsweise zur Kontrolle der Airbagzündung während eines
Unfalls, arbeitet bei einer Mittenfrequenz von 70 kHz. Bei
dieser Frequenz soll der Öffnungswinkel der 6dB-Schallkeule
möglichst groß sein. Bei einem solchen System besteht die
Forderung, daß alle wesentlichen Objekte mit den
verschiedenen Oberflächenstrukturen und Materialien ein
detektierbares Echo-Signal in Richtung des Wandlers
zurückreflektieren. Die Empfindlichkeit des Wandlers muß also
möglichst hoch sein.
Besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich für diese Anwendung
erfindungsgemäß ein Wandler mit einem Membrandurchmesser 8.85
± 0.02 mm, einer Membrandicke 0.83 ± 0.02 mm und einer
Keramikdicke 0.26 ± 0.01 mm.
Weiterhin wird bei einem solchen Wandler eine
zylinderförmige Halterung mit einer Wandstärke von mindestens
2.85 mm und einer Höhe von beispielsweise 6.83 mm eingesetzt.
Es versteht sich jedoch von selbst, daß auch kleinere oder
größere Höhen der Halterung durchaus möglich sind.A special ultrasonic transducer for use in object detection within a vehicle interior, for example for checking the airbag ignition during an accident, operates at a center frequency of 70 kHz. At this frequency, the opening angle of the 6dB sound beam should be as large as possible. In such a system there is a requirement that all essential objects with the different surface structures and materials reflect a detectable echo signal back in the direction of the transducer. The sensitivity of the converter must therefore be as high as possible.
According to the invention, a converter with a membrane diameter of 8.85 ± 0.02 mm, a membrane thickness of 0.83 ± 0.02 mm and a ceramic thickness of 0.26 ± 0.01 mm has proven particularly advantageous for this application.
Furthermore, a cylindrical holder with a wall thickness of at least 2.85 mm and a height of, for example, 6.83 mm is used in such a converter. However, it goes without saying that smaller or larger heights of the holder are quite possible.
Der entwickelte Sensor fügt sich ohne weitere Änderungen der Ansteuerungselektronik in ein bestehendes Besetztdetektionssystem in einem Kfz ein.The developed sensor fits without further changes the control electronics into an existing one Busy detection system in a motor vehicle.
Der erste, rückseitig auf die Membran aufgeschäumte
Stoff besteht vorzugsweise aus offenzelligem, weichem
Material, beispielsweise Polyurethanschaum oder
Silikonschaum.
Besonders vorteilhafte Wandlereigenschaften werden
hierbei mit Polyurethanschaum mit einer Stauchhärte (DIN
53577) von < 9 kPa und einem akustischen Verlustfaktor (DIN
53426) von < 1.0 erzielt.The first material foamed on the back of the membrane preferably consists of open-celled, soft material, for example polyurethane foam or silicone foam.
Particularly advantageous transducer properties are achieved with polyurethane foam with a compression hardness (DIN 53577) of <9 kPa and an acoustic loss factor (DIN 53426) of <1.0.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform wird als piezoelektrische Scheibe eine Piezokeramik mit einer relativen Dielektrizitätskonstante von > 2500, einem radialen elektromechanischen Kopplungsfaktor von > 0.5 und einer mechanischen Güte von < 300 eingesetzt.In a particular embodiment, as piezoelectric disk a piezoceramic with a relative dielectric constant of> 2500, a radial electromechanical coupling factor of> 0.5 and one mechanical quality of <300 used.
Bei der Fertigung des erfindungsgemäßen Ultraschallwandlers wird zunächst eine topfförmige Halterung aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, deren Boden eine Membran bildet, beispielsweise mittels eines Fließpreßverfahrens hergestellt. Auf die Rückseite der Membran wird eine piezoelektrische Scheibe aufgeklebt, um einen mechanischen und elektrischen Kontakt zur Membran herzustellen. Auf die piezoelektrsiche Scheibe wird ein Ende eines dünnen Drahtes aufgelötet. Schließlich wird ein erster Stoff in der topfförmigen Halterung auf die Rückseite der Membran aufgeschäumt, so daß Membran und piezoelektrische Scheibe von dem Stoff vollständig bedeckt sind.In the manufacture of the invention Ultrasonic transducer is initially a cup-shaped holder Made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the bottom of which one Forms membrane, for example by means of a Extrusion process made. On the back of the A piezoelectric disc is glued to the membrane mechanical and electrical contact to the membrane manufacture. One end will be on the piezoelectric disc soldered a thin wire. Finally, a first one Fabric in the pot-shaped holder on the back of the Foamed membrane, so that membrane and piezoelectric Disc are completely covered by the fabric.
Der erfindungsgemäße Ultraschallwandler ist selbstverständlich auch für andere Luft-Ultraschall-Anwendungen, die ähnliche Randbedingungen an die wesentlichen Wandlereigenschaften vorgeben, beispielsweise für Abstandsmessungs- oder Positionserfassungssysteme, hervorragend geeignet. Aufgrund der breiten Schallkeule eignet sich der Sensor in besonderem Maße zur Raumüberwachung.The ultrasonic transducer according to the invention is of course also for other air-ultrasound applications, the similar boundary conditions to the essential ones Specify converter properties, for example for Distance measurement or position detection systems, excellently suited. Because of the wide sound beam the sensor is particularly suitable for Room monitoring.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines
Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert, in
denen
Anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 wird nun eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung erläutert. A preferred one will now be used with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 Embodiment of the invention explained.
Fig. 1 zeigt den Wandler gemäß einer bevorzugten
Ausführungsform im Querschnitt. Der Wandler besteht aus einem
zylinderförmigen Aluminiumgehäuse (1). Den Boden des Gehäuses
bildet eine Aluminium-Membran (2). Das Aluminiumgehäuse des
Wandlers wird als Drehteil hergestellt. Eine
Piezokeramikscheibe (3), beispielsweise aus einer PZT-5H-Keramik,
wird mit einem dünnflüssigen Kleber mit Druck in den
Aluminiumtopf (auf die Rückseite der Membran (2))
konzentrisch eingeklebt. Eine Elektrode der Keramik, die auf
die Membranfläche geklebt wird, hat über die Membran
elektrischen Kontakt zum Aluminiumgehäuse (1). Die
Masseverbindung wird durch einen Kupferstift (6)
gewährleistet, der in das Aluminiumgehäuse getrieben wird.
Bei Fertigung großer Stückzahlen kann zur Massekontaktierung
auch ein anderes Verfahren gewählt werden. Der Kupferstift
ist über einen dünnen Draht (8) mit einem Kabel (10)
verbunden, das den Wandler mit der Ansteuerelektronik
verbindet. Die andere Elektrode der Keramik (3) wird über
einen Lötpunkt (7) am Rand der Keramik mit einem weiteren
dünnen Draht (9) verbunden. Durch das Anbringen des
Lötpunktes (7) am Rand der Keramik wird der Einfluß auf die
Schwingungseigenschaften des Systems minimiert. Der Draht (9)
zwischen Keramikelektrode und Kabel (10) muß sehr leicht
sein, um einen weiteren Einflußfaktor auf die
Schwingungseigenschaften des Systems zu vermeiden.
Eine Rückansicht des Sensors mit Aluminiumgehäuse (1),
Aluminium-Membran (2), eingeklebter Keramikscheibe (3),
Lötpunkt (7) und Masse-Kontaktierung (6) ist Figur 2 zu
entnehmen.
Der gewählte Membrandurchmesser erzeugt den gewünschten
Öffnungswinkel (hier: >45° bei einem lateralen 3dB
Schalldruckabfall; >55° bei einem lateralen 6dB
Schalldruckabfall) und ist auf das Gesamtschwingungssystem
abgestimmt, um die Biegeschwingung effektiv zu erzeugen. Bei
dem beispielhaften System wurden die Abmessung der
Gesamtgehäusehöhe, sowie Dicke und Durchmesser der
Keramikscheibe bezüglich des Schwingungsverhaltens des
Systems optimiert. Die Dicke der Keramik hat dabei einen
geringeren Einfluß auf das Schwingungsverhalten als der
Durchmesser.1 shows the converter according to a preferred embodiment in cross section. The converter consists of a cylindrical aluminum housing (1). An aluminum membrane (2) forms the bottom of the housing. The aluminum housing of the converter is manufactured as a turned part. A piezoceramic disc (3), for example made of a PZT-5H ceramic, is glued concentrically with a thin adhesive with pressure into the aluminum pot (on the back of the membrane (2)). An electrode of the ceramic, which is glued to the membrane surface, has electrical contact with the aluminum housing (1) via the membrane. The earth connection is ensured by a copper pin (6) which is driven into the aluminum housing. When producing large quantities, another method can also be selected for ground contact. The copper pin is connected via a thin wire (8) to a cable (10) that connects the converter to the control electronics. The other electrode of the ceramic (3) is connected to a further thin wire (9) via a soldering point (7) on the edge of the ceramic. By attaching the soldering point (7) to the edge of the ceramic, the influence on the vibration properties of the system is minimized. The wire (9) between the ceramic electrode and the cable (10) must be very light in order to avoid a further influencing factor on the vibration properties of the system.
A rear view of the sensor with aluminum housing (1), aluminum membrane (2), glued-in ceramic disc (3), soldering point (7) and ground contact (6) can be seen in FIG. 2.
The selected diaphragm diameter generates the desired opening angle (here:> 45 ° with a lateral 3dB sound pressure drop;> 55 ° with a lateral 6dB sound pressure drop) and is matched to the overall vibration system in order to effectively generate the bending vibration. In the exemplary system, the dimensions of the overall housing height, as well as the thickness and diameter of the ceramic disk were optimized with regard to the vibration behavior of the system. The thickness of the ceramic has less influence on the vibration behavior than the diameter.
Im vorliegenden Beispiel weisen die Komponenten des
Ultraschallwandlers (Sensors) folgende Abmessungen auf:
Dabei sind alle geometrischen Abmessungen der beteiligten Komponenten genau einzuhalten, um ein unter allen Aspekten optimiertes System für genannten Anwendungsfall zu erhalten.All geometrical dimensions are Comply with the components involved in order to be one among all Aspects-optimized system for the application mentioned receive.
Ein wesentlicher Parameter des Sensors ist die mechanische Güte. Der rückseitig aufgeschäumte erste Stoff (4) bestimmt die Dämpfung der Membranschwingung. Ebenso kann die die Wandstärke des Topfes eine Rolle spielen. Die elastischen Eigenschaften des ersten Stoffes (4) beeinflussen das Resonanzverhalten nur in geringerem Maße und erlauben durch Einsatz von Materialien unterschiedlicher Dämpfung eine bessere Möglichkeit, die mechanische Güte des Wandlers einzustellen. An essential parameter of the sensor is the mechanical goodness. The first material foamed on the back (4) determines the damping of the membrane vibration. Likewise can that play a role in the wall thickness of the pot. The influence the elastic properties of the first material (4) the resonance behavior only to a lesser extent and allow by using materials of different damping better way of checking the mechanical quality of the transducer adjust.
Ein weiterer, rückseitig auf den ersten Stoff (4)
aufgebrachter zweiter Stoff (5) dient dazu, die Ausbreitung
einer Schallwelle entgegen der Richtung der abstrahlenden
Membran zu verhindern und ist in seinem Einfluß auf das
Resonanzverhalten des Gesamtsystems abgestimmt. Das Material
des zweiten Stoffes (5) ist ein Polyurethan und erfüllt
außerdem die Aufgabe, den Übergang zwischen dem sehr leichten
Draht, der die Elektroden kontaktiert, und dem schwereren
Anschlußkabel zu sichern.
Das Ausmaß der Bedeckung der Membran bzw. der Ausfüllung
des Aluminiumgehäuses durch die ersten und zweiten Stoffe
(4,5) können Figur 1 entnommen werden. Im Beispiel beträgt
der Abstand des oberen Randes des zweiten Stoffes (5) vom
oberen Rand der Gehäusewandung (1) 1,17 mm.
Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen schließlich noch eine
Rückansicht und eine Vorderansicht des vollständigen
Ultraschallwandlers.Another second substance (5) applied to the back of the first substance (4) serves to prevent the propagation of a sound wave against the direction of the radiating membrane and its influence is coordinated with the resonance behavior of the overall system. The material of the second material (5) is a polyurethane and also fulfills the task of securing the transition between the very light wire that contacts the electrodes and the heavier connecting cable.
The extent to which the membrane is covered or the aluminum housing is filled with the first and second substances (4, 5) can be seen in FIG. 1. In the example, the distance between the upper edge of the second material (5) and the upper edge of the housing wall (1) is 1.17 mm.
Finally, FIGS. 3 and 4 show a rear view and a front view of the complete ultrasound transducer.
Claims (16)
- An ultrasonic transducer, in particular, for use as a transmitter and a receiver in pulse-echo applications in which a circular membrane (2) is disposed in a holding means (1) and a piezoelectric disk (3)is placed on a main surface of the rear side of the membrane (2),
characterized by
the diameter of said piezoelectric disk (3) being between 60% and 85% of the diameter of said membrane (2), with a remaining surface of said membrane (2) not being covered by said piezoelectric disk (3), and a first substance (4) being foamed onto said main surface of said rear side of said membrane (2) in such a manner that said piezoelectric disk (3) and said remaining surface of said membrane (2) are completely covered by said first substance (4). - An ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1,
characterized by,
said holding means (1) being made with said membrane (2) as one piece from one material. - An ultrasonic transducer according to claim 2,
characterized by,
said material being aluminium or an aluminium alloy. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
characterized by,
said holding means (1) with said membrane (2) forming a pot-shaped structure. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
characterized by,
in order to generate a center frequency of 70 kHz, the diameter of said membrane is 8.85 ± 0.02 mm, the thickness of said membrane being 0.83 ± 0.02 mm and the thickness of the ceramic being 0.26 ± 0.01 mm. - An ultrasonic transducer according to claim 5,
characterized by,
a cylindrical holding means (1) having a wall thickness of at least 2.85 mm and a height of approximately 6 mm being employed. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
characterized by,
said piezoelectric (3) being glued onto said membrane (2) . - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
characterized by,
said piezoelectric disk (3) being a piezoceramic. - An ultrasonic transducer according to claim 8,
characterized by,
said piezoceramic having a relative dielectric constant of > 2500, an electromechanic coupling factor of > 0.5 and a mechanical quality Q of < 300. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
characterized by,
said first substance (4) being composed of a soft, open-cell material. - An ultrasonic transducer according to claim 10,
characterized by,
said first substance (4) being composed of a polyurethane foam or silicon foam. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 10,
characterized by,
said first substance (4) being composed of a polyurethane foam having a strain hardness of < 9 kPa and an acoustical loss factor of < 1.0. - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
characterized by,
a second substance (5) being provided on said first substance (4). - An ultrasonic transducer according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
characterized by,
a first electrode of said piezoelectric disk (3) being connected via said membrane (2) and said holding means (1) with mass, and a second electrode of said piezoelectric disk (3) being contacted via a thin wire (9) soldered to the edge of said disk. - A process for fabricating an ultrasonic transducer having the following process steps:fabrication of a pot-shaped holding means (1) of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, the bottom of which forms a membrane (2),gluing on a piezoelectric disk (3) onto the rear side of said membrane (2) in such a manner that a mechanical and an electric contact to said membrane (2) are yielded,soldering on one end of a thin wire (9) onto said piezoelectric disk (3),foaming on a first substance (4) in said holding means (1) on said rear side of said membrane (2) in such a manner that said membrane (2) and said piezoelectric disk (3)are completely covered by said first substance (4).
- A process according to claim 15,
characterized by,
a second substance (5)being applied on said first substance (4), which is to prevent the propagation of a sound wave in the direction opposite to the desired direction of the radiating membrane (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19754891 | 1997-12-10 | ||
| DE19754891A DE19754891C1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | Ultrasonic transducer |
| PCT/DE1998/003297 WO1999030313A1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1998-11-03 | Ultrasonic transducer with a cup-shaped support |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1038290A1 EP1038290A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| EP1038290B1 true EP1038290B1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=7851451
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98962245A Expired - Lifetime EP1038290B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1998-11-03 | Ultrasonic transducer with a cup-shaped support |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1038290B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001526479A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19754891C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999030313A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001290303A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-15 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Novel phenylalanine derivatives |
| DE10156259A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-22 | Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor and method for manufacturing an ultrasonic sensor |
| DE10159679A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-12 | Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor unit and manufacturing method |
| DE102005046173A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-05 | Siemens Ag | Ultrasound transducer used as a parking aid comprises a U-shaped pot with a hollow cylindrical wall and an end on the front side forming the transducer face and an electromechanical transducer arranged on the inner side |
| DE102006011155A1 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | ultrasonic sensor |
| DE102006028211A1 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-20 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor with membrane |
| DE102012210522A1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Damping element for damping of oscillating components, has damping material, which is formed as composite of particles, where particles are coated by layer of hardenable base material such that voids are formed between particles |
| US20140157894A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Tung Thih Electronic Co., Ltd. | Transducer Case |
| CN103900629A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-07-02 | 同致电子企业股份有限公司 | Sensor shell |
| JP6922651B2 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2021-08-18 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Ultrasonic device and ultrasonic measuring device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4437032A (en) * | 1981-09-23 | 1984-03-13 | Egon Gelhard | Sensor for distance measurement by ultrasound |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3301848C2 (en) * | 1983-01-20 | 1984-11-08 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Ultrasonic transducer |
| JPS59175299A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-10-04 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Ultrasonic wave transceiver |
| DE3441684A1 (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-15 | SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | Electro-acoustic transducer |
| DE9204734U1 (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1993-08-05 | Honeywell Regelsysteme Gmbh, 63067 Offenbach, De | |
| DE4329055A1 (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1995-03-02 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Pressure-tight converter for motor vehicles |
| DE19601656B4 (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 2009-07-16 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Steamed ultrasonic transducer |
| DE29614691U1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1996-10-17 | Pil Sensoren Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor |
-
1997
- 1997-12-10 DE DE19754891A patent/DE19754891C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-03 DE DE59810685T patent/DE59810685D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-03 EP EP98962245A patent/EP1038290B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-03 JP JP2000524787A patent/JP2001526479A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-03 WO PCT/DE1998/003297 patent/WO1999030313A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4437032A (en) * | 1981-09-23 | 1984-03-13 | Egon Gelhard | Sensor for distance measurement by ultrasound |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19754891C1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
| EP1038290A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| JP2001526479A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
| DE59810685D1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| WO1999030313A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
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