EP1034332A2 - Railway sleeper - Google Patents

Railway sleeper

Info

Publication number
EP1034332A2
EP1034332A2 EP98966502A EP98966502A EP1034332A2 EP 1034332 A2 EP1034332 A2 EP 1034332A2 EP 98966502 A EP98966502 A EP 98966502A EP 98966502 A EP98966502 A EP 98966502A EP 1034332 A2 EP1034332 A2 EP 1034332A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
crossbar
sleeper
ballast
sleepers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98966502A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1034332B1 (en
Inventor
Olaf Unbehaun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnick GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnick GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnick GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnick GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1034332A2 publication Critical patent/EP1034332A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1034332B1 publication Critical patent/EP1034332B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/01—Elastic layers other than rail-pads, e.g. sleeper-shoes, bituconcrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cross-section for railway tracks made of concrete, reinforced concrete or steel, such as are used in connection with track gratings resting on a ballast bed in the railway superstructure.
  • the cross sleeper as a component in the railway superstructure absorbs the forces from the traffic loads via the rail and the intermediate layers with the tensioning elements in the support points of the sleeper supports and the forces introduced are distributed to the underlying ballast structure and distributed to the substructure or underground.
  • the concrete sleeper and the comparable steel sleeper in this context have the disadvantage that, in contrast to the wooden sleeper, two non-elastic materials meet on the support surface of the sleeper on the ballast, so that the above-mentioned toothing is not possible, so that the inclusion of longitudinal - And lateral forces is reduced by the ballast bed.
  • the hard, inelastic lead Contact points between ballast and sleeper in the event of excessive stress to damage or destruction of the sleeper or ballast.
  • the invention is therefore primarily based on the object
  • cross sleeper is provided on its underside, in particular in the region of its supports, with a plastically deformable coating.
  • the plastically deformable coating can consist essentially of a tar / asphalt mixture, which is a particularly economical solution.
  • the coating can consist essentially of a plastic, wood-concrete, wood or wood chips.
  • plastically deformable coating exclusively in the region of the support of the cross sleepers, so that the support-free zones remain uncoated.
  • the thickness of the coating can be comparatively thin, i.e. are less than 10mm and can in particular be about 5mm. Furthermore, the underside of the coating can be profiled in order to achieve an even better anchoring of the cross sleepers on the ballast bed.
  • the coating of the cross sleepers according to the invention can optionally also be applied subsequently to the sleepers, it is preferred to integrate the application of the coating into the manufacturing process of the concrete sleepers in order to ensure the best possible bond.
  • the coating can be applied to the corresponding areas of the underside of the threshold, in particular as a final operation when casting the threshold.
  • the coating could also be subsequently glued to the underside of the threshold.
  • the drawing shows: 1 shows a vertical section through a track in a plane parallel to the rails,
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the track according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section through the track according to FIG. 1 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rails
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view in the area of a threshold.
  • reference number 10 denotes a ballast bed
  • reference number 12 transverse sleepers arranged in the ballast bed
  • reference number 14 rails arranged on the cross sleepers
  • reference number 16 a wheel guided on the rails.
  • the usual intermediate layers 18 are arranged between rail 14 and cross sleepers 12.
  • the ballast bed 10 lies on a flat surface 20.
  • this structure of a railroad track corresponds to the conventional structure and requires no further explanation.
  • Plastically deformable coatings 22 are formed on the undersides of the cross sleepers 12, specifically, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, in such a way that the support-free regions 24 of the cross sleepers 12 are free of coatings.
  • the hatching in FIG. 2 is intended to indicate those areas of the underside of the threshold (not visible in FIG. 2) on which a coating is provided.
  • the arrows 26 and 28 in Figures 1 to 3 are intended to indicate the transverse or longitudinal forces occurring in the track.
  • the detail representation according to FIG. 4 illustrates the interlocking of the stones of the ballast bed with the plastically deformable coating 22.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a railway sleeper (12) consisting of rails placed on top of a bed of road metal. The underside of said sleeper is provided with a plastic deformable coating (22) increasing the stability of the track layer and reducing damage to the bed of road metal.

Description

Querschwelle für Eisenbahngleise Cross threshold for railroad tracks
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Querschweile für Eisenbahngleise aus Beton, bewehrtem Beton oder Stahl, wie sie im Zusammenhang mit auf einem Schotterbett aufliegenden Gleisrosten im Eisenbahnoberbau verwendet werden.The invention relates to a cross-section for railway tracks made of concrete, reinforced concrete or steel, such as are used in connection with track gratings resting on a ballast bed in the railway superstructure.
Die Querschwelle als Bauelement im Eisenbahnoberbau nimmt die von den Verkehrslasten ausgehenden Kräfte über die Schiene und die Zwischenlagen mit den Verspannungselementen in den Stützpunkten der Schwellenauflager auf und die eingeleiteten Kräfte werden an das darunterliegende Schottergerüst lastverteilend abgeleitet und an den Unterbau bzw. Untergrund weitergeleitet.The cross sleeper as a component in the railway superstructure absorbs the forces from the traffic loads via the rail and the intermediate layers with the tensioning elements in the support points of the sleeper supports and the forces introduced are distributed to the underlying ballast structure and distributed to the substructure or underground.
Seit Beginn des Eisenbahnzeitalters im vergangenen Jahrhundert werden als Querschwellen Holzschwellen verwendet. In der Zeit der Industrialisierung und als Barometer der Stahlindustrie wurden auch Stahlschwellen produziert und eingebaut, in neuerer Zeit auch als "Y-Schwelle". Seit den 50er Jahren dieses Jahrhunderts wurden zunehmend Spannbetonschwellen verwendet, die sich derzeit als Stand der Technik durchgesetzt haben.Since the beginning of the railway age in the last century, wooden sleepers have been used as cross sleepers. In the period of industrialization and as a barometer of the steel industry, steel sleepers were also produced and installed, more recently also as "Y-sleepers". Since the 1950s, prestressed concrete sleepers have increasingly been used, which are currently the state of the art.
Die u.a. aus ökologischen Gründen kaum noch verwendete Holzschwelle hatte unter anderem den Vorteil, als "elastisch" zu gelten. Einer der Gründe dafür ist die Verzahnung der vergleichsweise weichen Holzschwellenunterseite mit dem Hartsteinschotter.The u.a. for ecological reasons barely used wooden sleepers had the advantage of being "elastic". One of the reasons for this is the interlocking of the comparatively soft underside of the wooden sleeper with the hard stone gravel.
Demgegenüber haben die Betonschwelle und die in diesem Zusammenhang vergleichbare Stahlschwelle den Nachteil, daß, im Gegensatz zur Holzschwelle, an der Auflagerfläche der Schwelle auf dem Schotter zwei unelastische Materialien zusammentreffen, so daß die oben erwähnte Verzahnung nicht möglich ist, so daß die Aufnahme von Längs- und Querkräften durch das Schotterbett verringert wird. Des weiteren führen die harten, unelastischen Kontaktstellen zwischen Schotter und Schwelle bei Überbeanspruchung zu Beschädigungen bzw. Zerstörungen der Schwelle oder des Schotters.In contrast, the concrete sleeper and the comparable steel sleeper in this context have the disadvantage that, in contrast to the wooden sleeper, two non-elastic materials meet on the support surface of the sleeper on the ballast, so that the above-mentioned toothing is not possible, so that the inclusion of longitudinal - And lateral forces is reduced by the ballast bed. Furthermore, the hard, inelastic lead Contact points between ballast and sleeper in the event of excessive stress to damage or destruction of the sleeper or ballast.
Um eine Überbeanspruchung des Schotters insbesondere bei Schnell- Fahr-Strecken zu vermeiden, wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die Schwellenunterseite mit einem elastischen, polymeren Material zu beschichten, um eine Abfederung zu erreichen und damit eine Entlastung der Schotterpressung zu erzielen. Durch Verwendung einer solchen elastischen Zwischenschicht zwischen Schotter und Betonschwelle kann zwar das Schotterbett geschont werden, andererseits jedoch werden hierdurch die Längs- undIn order to avoid excessive strain on the ballast, particularly in the case of high-speed routes, it has already been proposed to coat the underside of the sleeper with an elastic, polymeric material in order to achieve a cushioning and thus to relieve the pressure on the ballast. By using such an elastic intermediate layer between the ballast and the concrete sleeper, the ballast bed can be spared, but on the other hand, the longitudinal and
Querverschiebungswiderstandskräfte erheblich gesenkt, so daß die Lagestabilität solcher Gleise noch geringer ist als diejenige von Gleisen, bei denen die Betonschwellen unmittelbar auf dem Schotterbett aufliegen.Transverse displacement resistance forces significantly reduced, so that the positional stability of such tracks is even less than that of tracks where the concrete sleepers rest directly on the ballast bed.
Der Erfindung liegt daher in erster Linie die Aufgabe zugrunde, eineThe invention is therefore primarily based on the object
Schwelle zu schaffen, mit der die Lagestabilität des Gleises erhöht werden kann und gleichzeitig eine Beschädigung des Schotterbettes vermieden wird.To create a threshold with which the positional stability of the track can be increased and at the same time damage to the ballast bed is avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Querschwelle an ihrer Unterseite insbesondere im Bereich ihrer Auflager mit einer plastisch verformbaren Beschichtung versehen ist.This object is achieved in that the cross sleeper is provided on its underside, in particular in the region of its supports, with a plastically deformable coating.
Aufgrund der plastisch verformbaren Beschichtung der Schwellenunterseite wird aufgrund der plastischen Verformung der Beschichtung eine "Verzahnung" der Schwelle mit dem Schotter erzielt, wodurch zum einen der Querverschiebewiderstand und der Längsverschiebewiderstand des Gleisrosts deutlich erhöht wird und damit die Lagestabilität des Gleises wesentlich verbessert wird. Weiterhin wird hierdurch erreicht, daß einerseits Spitzendrücke abgebaut und Kantenpressungen verkleinert werden und andererseits, daß die Kontaktfläche zwischen Schotter und Schwelle vergrößert wird, so daß die Flächenpressungen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verringert werden und Materialzerstörungen reduziert bzw. ausgeschlossen werden. Schließlich ist auch die mit der Beschichtung erzielte "Weichheit" des Kontaktbereichs zwischen Schotter und Schwelle materialschonend.Due to the plastically deformable coating on the underside of the sleeper, a "toothing" of the sleeper with the ballast is achieved due to the plastically deformed coating. Furthermore, it is achieved that on the one hand peak pressures are reduced and edge pressures are reduced and on the other hand that the contact area between ballast and sleeper is increased so that the surface pressures are reduced compared to the prior art and material damage be reduced or excluded. Finally, the "softness" of the contact area between the ballast and threshold achieved with the coating is gentle on the material.
In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die plastisch deformierbare Beschichtung im wesentlichen aus einem Teer-/Asphaltgemisch bestehen, was eine besonders kostengünstige Lösung ist. In alternativer Weise kann die Beschichtung im wesentlichen aus einem Kunststoff, aus Holzbeton, aus Holz oder aus Holzspänen bestehen.In a preferred development of the invention, the plastically deformable coating can consist essentially of a tar / asphalt mixture, which is a particularly economical solution. Alternatively, the coating can consist essentially of a plastic, wood-concrete, wood or wood chips.
Bereits aus Kostengründen kann es zweckmäßig sein, die plastisch deformierbare Beschichtung ausschließlich im Bereich des Auflagers der Querschwellen auszubilden, so daß die auflagerfreien Zonen unbeschichtet bleiben.For cost reasons alone, it may be expedient to form the plastically deformable coating exclusively in the region of the support of the cross sleepers, so that the support-free zones remain uncoated.
Die Dicke der Beschichtung kann vergleichsweise dünn sein, d.h. unter 10mm liegen und kann insbesondere etwa 5mm betragen. Weiterhin kann die Unterseite der Beschichtung profiliert sein, um eine noch bessere Verankerung der Querschwellen auf dem Schotterbett zu erzielen.The thickness of the coating can be comparatively thin, i.e. are less than 10mm and can in particular be about 5mm. Furthermore, the underside of the coating can be profiled in order to achieve an even better anchoring of the cross sleepers on the ballast bed.
Obwohl die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung der Querschwellen gegebenenfalls auch nachträglich an den Schwellen angebracht werden kann, wird es bevorzugt, das Aufbringen der Beschichtung in den Fertigungsprozeß der Betonschwellen zu integrieren, um den bestmöglichen Verbund sicherzustellen. Hierzu kann die Beschichtung insbesondere als abschließender Arbeitsgang beim Gießen der Schwelle auf die entsprechenden Bereiche der Schwellenunterseite aufgebracht werden. In alternativer Weise könnte die Beschichtung auch nachträglich an der Schwellenunterseite angeklebt werden.Although the coating of the cross sleepers according to the invention can optionally also be applied subsequently to the sleepers, it is preferred to integrate the application of the coating into the manufacturing process of the concrete sleepers in order to ensure the best possible bond. For this purpose, the coating can be applied to the corresponding areas of the underside of the threshold, in particular as a final operation when casting the threshold. Alternatively, the coating could also be subsequently glued to the underside of the threshold.
Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand derIn the following an embodiment of the invention based on the
Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen: Figur 1 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch ein Gleis in einer Ebene parallel zu den Schienen,Drawing explained in more detail. The drawing shows: 1 shows a vertical section through a track in a plane parallel to the rails,
Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf das Gleis gemäß Figur 1 ,FIG. 2 shows a top view of the track according to FIG. 1,
Figur 3 einen horizontalen Schnitt durch das Gleis gemäß Figur 1 senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Schienen, und3 shows a horizontal section through the track according to FIG. 1 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rails, and
Figur 4 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht im Bereich einer Schwelle.Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view in the area of a threshold.
In den Figuren ist mit der Bezugsziffer 10 ein Schotterbett, mit der Bezugsziffer 12 im Schotterbett angeordnete Querschwellen, mit der Bezugsziffer 14 auf den Querschwellen angeordnete Schienen und mit der Bezugsziffer 16 ein auf den Schienen geführtes Rad bezeichnet. Zwischen Schiene 14 und Querschwellen 12 sind die üblichen Zwischenlagen 18 angeordnet. Das Schotterbett 10 liegt auf einem Planum 20 auf. Insoweit entspricht dieser Aufbau eines Eisenbahngleises dem konventionellen Aufbau und bedarf keiner näheren Erläuterung.In the figures, reference number 10 denotes a ballast bed, reference number 12 transverse sleepers arranged in the ballast bed, reference number 14 rails arranged on the cross sleepers and reference number 16 a wheel guided on the rails. The usual intermediate layers 18 are arranged between rail 14 and cross sleepers 12. The ballast bed 10 lies on a flat surface 20. In this respect, this structure of a railroad track corresponds to the conventional structure and requires no further explanation.
An den Unterseiten der Querschwellen 12 sind plastisch verformbare Beschichtungen 22 ausgebildet, und zwar, wie aus Figuren 2 und 3 erkennbar ist, derart, daß die auflagerfreien Bereiche 24 der Querschwellen 12 beschichtungsfrei sind. Anzumerken ist, daß die Schraffierungen in Figur 2 diejenigen Bereiche der (in Figur 2 nicht sichtbaren) Schwellenunterseite kennzeichnen sollen, an denen eine Beschichtung vorgesehen ist. Die Pfeile 26 und 28 in den Figuren 1 bis 3 sollen die im Gleis auftretenden Quer- bzw. Längskräfte andeuten.Plastically deformable coatings 22 are formed on the undersides of the cross sleepers 12, specifically, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, in such a way that the support-free regions 24 of the cross sleepers 12 are free of coatings. It should be noted that the hatching in FIG. 2 is intended to indicate those areas of the underside of the threshold (not visible in FIG. 2) on which a coating is provided. The arrows 26 and 28 in Figures 1 to 3 are intended to indicate the transverse or longitudinal forces occurring in the track.
Die Detaildarstellung gemäß Figur 4 verdeutlicht die Verzahnung der Steine des Schotterbetts mit der plastisch deformierbaren Beschichtung 22. Zum einen wird hieraus unmittelbar deutlich, daß die Verschiebekräfte aufgrund der Verzahnung deutlich zunehmen, zum anderen ist auch ohne weiteres erkennbar, daß die Kontaktfläche der Schwellenunterseite mit dem Schotterbett nunmehr stark vergrößert ist, so daß die zwischen den Kontaktflächen pro Flächeneinheit auftretenden Kräfte insgesamt deutlich reduziert werden.The detail representation according to FIG. 4 illustrates the interlocking of the stones of the ballast bed with the plastically deformable coating 22. On the one hand, it is immediately clear from this that the displacement forces are due to the Toothings increase significantly, on the other hand, it is also readily apparent that the contact surface of the underside of the sleeper bed is now greatly increased, so that the forces occurring between the contact surfaces per unit area are significantly reduced overall.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile liegen demnach insbesondere darin, daßThe advantages achieved with the invention are therefore in particular that
- anstelle einer wie beim Stand der Technik vorhandenen punktuellen Kraftübertragung zwischen Schwelle und Schotter nunmehr eine flächenmäßige Kraftübertragung erfolgt,- Instead of a punctual power transmission between the threshold and ballast, as is the case in the prior art, there is now an areal power transmission,
- Spitzendrücke auf einzelne Schottersteine abgebaut und die Kantenpressungen verkleinert werden,- peak pressures are reduced to individual gravel stones and the edge pressures are reduced,
- hierdurch eine Zertrümmerung der Schottersteine bzw. eine Beschädigung der Betonschwelle vermieden wird, und - aufgrund der Verzahnung des Schotterbetts an der plastisch deformierbaren Beschichtung der Querschwellen eine Erhöhung der Längs- und Querverschiebewiderstände auftritt, wodurch die Lagestabilität des Gleises verbessert wird. - This prevents crushing of the ballast stones or damage to the concrete sleeper, and - Due to the interlocking of the ballast bed on the plastically deformable coating of the cross sleeper, an increase in the longitudinal and transverse sliding resistance occurs, which improves the positional stability of the track.
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
Schotterbett Querschwellen Schienen Rad Zwischenlager Planum Beschichtung auflager reie Bereiche Querkräfte Längskräfte Ballast bed Cross sleepers Rails Wheel Intermediate storage Flat surface Coating Free areas Shear forces Longitudinal forces

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Querschwelle für Eisenbahngleise mit einer plastisch verformbaren Beschichtung (22) an ihrer Unterseite.1. Crossbar for railway tracks with a plastically deformable coating (22) on its underside.
2. Querschwelle nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die plastisch verformbare Beschichtung (22) ausschließlich im Bereich der Auflager der Querschwelle angebracht ist.2. Crossbar according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastically deformable coating (22) is applied only in the region of the supports of the crossbar.
3. Querschwelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (22) im wesentlichen aus einem Teer-/Asphaltgemisch besteht.3. Crossbar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating (22) consists essentially of a tar / asphalt mixture.
4. Querschwelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung im wesentlichen aus einem Kunststoff besteht.4. Crossbar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating consists essentially of a plastic.
5. Querschwelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (22) im wesentlichen aus Holz oder Holzbeton oder Holzspänen besteht.5. Crossbar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating (22) consists essentially of wood or wood concrete or wood chips.
6. Querschwelle nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterseite der Beschichtung (22) profiliert ist.6. Crossbar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underside of the coating (22) is profiled.
7. Querschwelle nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (22) als eine im Produktionsprozeß der Querschwelle aufgebrachte Beschichtung ausgebildet ist.7. Crossbar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (22) is designed as a coating applied in the production process of the crossbar.
8. Eisenbahngleis mit einem Schotterbett (10) und einem auf dem Schotterbett aufliegenden Gleisrost, gekennzeichnet durch Querschwellen (12) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 8. Railway track with a ballast bed (10) and a track grid resting on the ballast bed, characterized by cross sleepers (12) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP98966502A 1997-11-28 1998-11-30 Railway sleeper Expired - Lifetime EP1034332B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29721118U DE29721118U1 (en) 1997-11-28 1997-11-28 Cross threshold for railroad tracks
DE29721118U 1997-11-28
PCT/DE1998/003528 WO1999028555A2 (en) 1997-11-28 1998-11-30 Railway sleeper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1034332A2 true EP1034332A2 (en) 2000-09-13
EP1034332B1 EP1034332B1 (en) 2003-04-09

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ID=8049261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98966502A Expired - Lifetime EP1034332B1 (en) 1997-11-28 1998-11-30 Railway sleeper

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1034332B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE237033T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2408399A (en)
CA (1) CA2311905C (en)
CZ (1) CZ294197B6 (en)
DE (2) DE29721118U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2194391T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20002726L (en)
PL (1) PL191430B1 (en)
TR (1) TR200001504T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999028555A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009019683B4 (en) 2009-04-30 2013-05-16 Ulf Pahnke Dynamically optimized ballast track with prestressed concrete sleepers
DE102009019681B4 (en) 2009-04-30 2013-05-02 Ulf Pahnke Gravel track with optimally adapted contact surface of the steel sleeper
DE102009019655B4 (en) 2009-04-30 2013-09-26 Ulf Pahnke Gravel track with optimally adapted contact surface of the Y-threshold

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR200001504T2 (en) 2000-09-21
DE29721118U1 (en) 1999-04-01
DE19881823D2 (en) 2001-09-13
PL191430B1 (en) 2006-05-31
CZ294197B6 (en) 2004-10-13
PL341682A1 (en) 2001-04-23
CZ20001885A3 (en) 2000-12-13
WO1999028555A3 (en) 1999-07-15
ATE237033T1 (en) 2003-04-15
DE19881823B4 (en) 2006-08-31
CA2311905A1 (en) 1999-06-10
CA2311905C (en) 2006-09-12
EP1034332B1 (en) 2003-04-09
ES2194391T3 (en) 2003-11-16
AU2408399A (en) 1999-06-16
NO20002726D0 (en) 2000-05-26
NO20002726L (en) 2000-05-26
WO1999028555A2 (en) 1999-06-10

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