Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D231/18—One oxygen or sulfur atom

Definitions

• the invention relates to 1-methyl-5-alkylsulfonyl-, 1-methyl-5-alkylsulfinyl- and 1-methyl-5-alkylthio-substituted pyrazolyipyrazoles, processes for their preparation and their use as herbicides.
• WO 97/09313 discloses pyrazolyipyrazoles which are substituted in the 5-position of one pyrazo ring - inter alia - by an optionally substituted radical from the group alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio, and in the 4 position of the other pyrazo ring by the thiocarbamoyl group .
• the object of the present invention is to provide pyrazolylpyrazoles with superior biological properties.
• the solution to the problem are 1-methyl-5-alkylsulfonyl-, 1-methyl-5-alkylsulfinyl- and 1-methyl-5-alkylthio-substituted pyrazolyipyrazoles of the general formula (I)
• R 4 halogen, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms Ci-Cß-alkyl, or one of the groups
• R5 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl or C2-C6-alkynyl, the four last-mentioned radicals optionally being substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms;
• R 6 C ⁇
• R7 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C3-C8-cycloalkyl, the latter two radicals optionally being substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms;
• R 8 is optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, the carbon chain of which is optionally interrupted by one or more, identical or different heteroatoms from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur;
• R9 is hydrogen, C-
• R10 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, halogen, amino, hydroxy, C ⁇
• R 1 is hydrogen, C1 -C3 alkyl or the group XR 1 ;
• R12 is optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms, C-j-Ce-alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by one or more, identical or different heteroatoms from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur;
• R13 is optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, the carbon chain of which is optionally interrupted by one or more, identical or different heteroatoms from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur;
• R 14 Ci-Ce-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C2-Ce-alkenyl or C2-C6-alkynyl, these four radicals optionally being replaced by one or more, identical or different radicals from the group -C-C4-alkoxy, C -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano or halogen are substituted, and the carbon chain of these four radicals mentioned being optionally interrupted by one or more identical or different heteroatoms from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; R 15 C ⁇
• Rl 4 and R15 together with the nitrogen atom carrying them form a 3-, 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially saturated or completely unsaturated ring which is optionally substituted by one or more methyl groups and in which one carbon atom is optionally replaced by an oxygen atom;
• R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 and R 21 independently of one another are hydrogen, optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or. Two of these radicals together form a bond;
• halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Unless otherwise stated, chlorine and fluorine are preferred.
• -C3-alkyl is to be understood as the methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl radical.
• C 1 -C 6 -alkyl is to be understood as an unbranched or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, in addition to the abovementioned 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl -, tert-butyl, Pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl and hexyl radical.
• alkyl radicals with a different number range of carbon atoms are to be understood.
• C3-C8 cycloalkyl embraces cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• C ⁇ -Cß-alkenyl and “C2-C6-alkynyl” mean a straight-chain or, if possible, a branched hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, this hydrocarbon radical containing at least one multiple bond , and this can be in any position of the unsaturated radical in question; preferably it is not due to the C atom which is connected to the rest of the molecular part of the compound of the general formula (I).
• C2-C6-alkenyl is e.g. for the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, pentenyl, 2-methylpentenyl and the hexenyl group.
• C6-alkynyl stands for example for the ethynyl, propargyl, 2-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-
• Pentinyl and the 2-hexinyl group Alkenyl residues and alkynyl residues with a different number range of carbon atoms are to be understood analogously.
• -C4-Alkoxy is to be understood as an alkoxy group whose hydrocarbon radical has the meaning given under the definition of alkyl.
• the alkyl radicals are also used in other compound terms such as "C ⁇
• radicals of the general formula (I) are to be understood in such a way that the general principles of the structure of chemical compounds must be observed, ie compounds which are known to the person skilled in the art that are chemically unstable or not possible are formed.
• the compounds of the general formula (I) can be present as stereoisomers. For example, if one or more alkenyl groups are present, diastereomers can occur. For example, if one or more asymmetric carbon atoms are present, enantiomers and diastereomers can occur.
• Stereoisomers can be obtained from the mixtures obtained in the preparation by customary separation methods, for example by chromatographic separation processes. Stereoisomers can also be prepared selectively by using stereoselective reactions using optically active starting materials and / or auxiliary substances. The invention also relates to all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof which are encompassed by the general formula (I) but are not specifically defined.
• R 1 is C-
• R 2 is bromine, chlorine, fluorine or cyano.
• R1 optionally C-
• R 2 bromine, chlorine or cyano
• R5 is hydrogen, C-i-Ce-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl or C2-C4-
• Alkynyl the four latter radicals optionally being substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms;
• R 8 is C-
• R7 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, the latter two radicals optionally being substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms;
• R 8 is optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms, Ci-Cß-alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by a heteroatom from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur;
• R ⁇ 2 optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms Ci-Cß-alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by a heteroatom from the group oxygen and sulfur;
• R13 is optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms, Ci-Cß-alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by a heteroatom from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur;
• R 4 C-
• Preferred compounds of the general formula (I) are those in which
• R 1 C-
• R 8 is optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom;
• R 13 is optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different halogen atoms, Ci-Cß-alkyl, the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom and n is 2.
• R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or cyclopropyl
• R 4 optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms Ci-Cß-alkyl, or one of the groups
• R 2 is chlorine or bromine
• R 4 one of the groups mean.
• R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, NR 5 R 6 , NR 5 COR 7 , XR 8 or alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more identical or different halogen atoms, known from WO / 94/08999.
• R 4 one of the groups
• the compounds of the general formula (I) in which n is 1 or 2 according to the invention can be prepared from the corresponding compounds of the general formula (I) in which n is 0 by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as reaction with a suitable oxidizing agent become.
• suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, hypochlorites, organic peracids such as m-perchlorobenzoic acid and peracetic acid, inorganic agents such as oxones, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, sodium periodate, sodium perborate, potassium permanganate and atmospheric oxygen.
• the compounds according to the invention can be used in the form of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, sprayable solutions, dusts or granules in the customary formulations.
• the invention therefore also relates to herbicidal and plant growth-regulating compositions which comprise compounds of the formula (I).
• the compounds of formula (I) can be formulated in different ways, depending on which biological and / or chemical-physical parameters are specified.
• Possible formulation options are, for example: wettable powder (WP), water-soluble powder (SP), water-soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions, suspension concentrates (SC), dispersions based on oil or water, oil-miscible solutions, capsule suspensions (CS), dusts (DP), pickling agents, granules for sprinkling and soil application, granules (GR) in the form of micro, spray , Elevator and adsorption granules, water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.
• WP wettable powder
• SP water-soluble powder
• EC emulsifiable concentrates
• EW emulsions
• SC suspension concentrates
• CS capsule suspensions
• DP dusts
• combinations with other pesticidally active substances such as insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, fungicides, and with safeners, fertilizers and / or growth regulators can also be prepared, for example in the form of a ready-to-use formulation or as a tank mix.
• Spray powders are preparations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, in addition to the active substance, contain not only a diluent or inert substance, but also ionic and / or nonionic surfactants (wetting agents, dispersants), for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxethylated fatty alcohols, polyoxethylated fatty amines, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, Alkylbenzenesulfonates, ligninsulfonic acid sodium, 2,2'-dinaphthylmethane-6,6'-disulfonic acid sodium, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid sodium or also oleoylmethyl tauric acid sodium.
• the herbicidal active ingredients are finely ground, for example in conventional apparatus such as hammer mills, fan mills and air jet mills, and mixed at
• alkylarylsulfonic acid calcium salts such as Ca-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide condensation products, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan esters such as e.g. Sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxethylene sorbitan esters such as e.g. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester.
• Dusts are obtained by grinding the active ingredient with finely divided solid substances, e.g. Talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
• finely divided solid substances e.g. Talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
• Suspension concentrates can be water or oil based. You can, for example, by wet grinding using commercially available bead mills and optionally adding surfactants, such as those e.g. already listed above for the other types of formulation.
• Emulsions for example oil-in-water emulsions (EW)
• EW oil-in-water emulsions
• Granules can either be produced by spraying the active ingredient onto adsorbable, granulated inert material or by applying active ingredient concentrates by means of adhesives, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylic acid or mineral oils, on the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinite or granulated inert material. Suitable active ingredients can also be granulated in the manner customary for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired in a mixture with fertilizers.
• adhesives e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylic acid or mineral oils
• Water-dispersible granules are generally produced using the customary methods, such as spray drying, fluidized bed granulation, plate granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material.
• the agrochemical preparations generally contain 0.1 to 99% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 95% by weight, of active ingredient of the formula (I).
• the active ingredient concentration in wettable powders is, for example, about 10 to 90% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight consists of customary formulation components.
• the active substance concentration can be about 1 to 90, preferably 5 to 80,% by weight.
• Dust-like formulations contain 1 to 30% by weight of active ingredient, preferably mostly 5 to 20% by weight of active ingredient, sprayable solutions contain about 0.05 to 80, preferably 2 to 50% by weight of active ingredient.
• the active ingredient content depends in part on depending on whether the active compound is liquid or solid and which granulation aids, fillers etc. are used.
• the active ingredient content of the water-dispersible granules is, for example, between 1 and 95% by weight, preferably between 10 and 80% by weight.
• the active ingredient formulations mentioned may contain the customary adhesives, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants, preservatives, antifreezes and solvents, fillers, carriers and dyes, defoamers, evaporation inhibitors and the pH and Agents influencing viscosity.
• the compounds of general formula (I) according to the invention have excellent herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important mono- and dicotyledonous harmful plants. Perennial weeds that are difficult to control and that sprout from rhizomes, rhizomes or other permanent organs are also well captured by the active ingredients. It does not matter whether the connections are applied using the pre-sowing, pre-emergence or post-emergence method. Some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora can be mentioned in detail, which can be controlled by the compounds according to the invention without the name being intended to restrict them to certain species.
• the spectrum of activity extends to species such as Galium, viola, veronica, lamium, stellaria, amaranthus, sinapis, ipomoea, matricaria, abutilon and sida on the annual side as well as convolvulus, cirsium, rumex and artemisia for the perennial weeds.
• Harmful plants occurring in the rice under the specific culture conditions such as, for example, Echinochloa, Sagittaria, Alisma, Eleocharis, Scirpus and Cyperus, are also superbly combated by the active compounds according to the invention. If the compounds according to the invention are applied to the surface of the earth before germination, either the weed seedlings emerge completely or the weeds grow to the cotyledon stage, but then stop growing and finally die completely after three to four weeks.
• the compounds of the invention have excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledon weeds, crop plants of economically important crops such as e.g. Wheat, barley, rye, rice, corn, sugar beet, cotton and soy are only slightly or not at all damaged. For these reasons, the present compounds are very suitable for the selective control of undesired plant growth in agricultural crops or in ornamental crops.
• the active compounds can also be used to control harmful plants in crops of known or still to be developed genetically modified plants.
• the transgenic plants are generally distinguished by special advantageous properties, for example resistance to certain pesticides, especially certain herbicides, resistance to plant diseases or pathogens of plant diseases such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses.
• Other special properties concern e.g. B. the crop in terms of quantity, quality, storability, composition and special ingredients.
• Transgenic plants with an increased starch content or altered starch quality or with a different fatty acid composition of the crop are known.
• Preference is given to using the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention in economically important transgenic crops of useful and ornamental plants, for example in B. of cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet, rice, cassava and corn or also crops of sugar beet, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, potatoes, tomatoes, peas and other vegetables.
• the compounds of the formula (I) can preferably be used as herbicides in crops which are resistant to the phytotoxic effects of the herbicides or have been made resistant to genetic engineering.
• new plants which have modified properties in comparison to previously occurring plants are, for example, classic breeding methods and the generation of mutants.
• new plants with modified properties can be produced using genetic engineering methods (see, for example, EP-A 0 221 044, EP-A 0 131 624). For example, several cases have been described
• transgenic crop plants which act against certain herbicides of the glufosinate type (cf., for example, EP-A 0 242 236, EP-A 0 242 246) or glyphosate (WO 92/00377) or the sulfonylureas (EP-A 0 257 993 , US-A 5013659) are resistant
• transgenic crop plants for example cotton, with the ability to produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which make the plants resistant to certain pests (EP-A 0 142 924, EP-A 0 193 259)
• nucleic acid molecules can be introduced into plasmids which cause a mutagenesis or a sequence change Allow recombination of DNA sequences
• the base methods mentioned above can be used, for example, to replace bases, to remove partial sequences or to add natural or synthetic sequences.
• Adapters or linkers can be attached to the fragments for connecting the DNA fragments to one another.
• the production of plant cells with a reduced activity of a gene product can be achieved, for example, by the expression of at least one corresponding antisense-RNA, a sense-RNA to achieve a cosuppression effect or the expression of at least one correspondingly constructed ribozyme, which specifically transcripts the above Gene product splits.
• DNA molecules can be used that comprise the entire coding sequence of a gene product, including any flanking sequences that may be present, as well as DNA molecules that only comprise parts of the coding sequence, these parts having to be long enough to be in the cells to cause an antisense effect. It is also possible to use DNA sequences which have a high degree of homology to the coding sequences of a gene product, but which are not completely identical.
• the synthesized protein When nucleic acid molecules are expressed in plants, the synthesized protein can be located in any compartment of the plant cell. However, in order to achieve localization in a particular compartment, z. B. the coding region can be linked to DNA sequences that ensure localization in a particular compartment. Such sequences are known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al., Plant J. 1: 95-106 (1991).
• the transgenic plant cells can be regenerated into whole plants using known techniques.
• the transgenic plants can are plants of any plant species, ie both monocot and dicot plants.
• the compounds (I) according to the invention can preferably be used in transgenic crops which are resistant to herbicides from the group of the sulfonylureas, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-isopropylammonium and analogous active compounds.
• the active compounds according to the invention are used in transgenic crops, in addition to the effects on harmful plants which can be observed in other crops, there are often effects which are specific to the application in the respective transgenic culture, for example a changed or specially expanded weed spectrum which can be controlled changed Application rates that can be used for the application, preferably good combinability with the herbicides to which the transgenic crop is resistant, and influencing the growth and yield of the transgenic crop plants.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the compounds (I) according to the invention as herbicides for controlling harmful plants in transgenic crop plants.
• the required application rate of the compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention varies with the external conditions, such as temperature, moisture, the type of herbicide used, and others. It can be varied within wide limits, for example between 0.001 and 10.0 kg / ha or more of active substance, and is preferably between 0.005 and 5 kg / ha. Examples
• a dusting agent is obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula (I) and 90 parts by weight of talc as an inert substance and comminuting them in a hammer mill.
• a water-dispersible, wettable powder is obtained by mixing 25 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula (I), 64 parts by weight of kaolin-containing quartz as an inert substance, 10 parts by weight of lignosulfonic acid potassium and 1 part by weight of oleoylmethyl tauric acid sodium as a wetting and dispersing agent grinds in a pin mill.
• a dispersion concentrate which is readily dispersible in water is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula (I), 6 parts by weight of alkylphenol polyglycol ether ( ⁇ Triton X 207), 3 parts by weight of isotridecanol polyglycol ether (8 EO) and 71 parts by weight .
• Parts of paraffinic mineral oil (boiling range e.g. approx. 255 to above 277 ° C) are mixed and ground in a friction ball mill to a fineness of less than 5 microns.
• An emulsifiable concentrate is obtained from 15 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula (I), 75 parts by weight of cyclohexanone as solvent and 10 parts by weight of oxyethylated nonylphenol as emulsifier.
• a water-dispersible granulate is obtained by:
• a water-dispersible granulate is also obtained by adding 25 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula (I),
• Seeds or rhizome pieces of mono- and dicotyledonous harmful and useful plants are placed in pots 9 cm in diameter in sandy loam and covered with earth.
• rice plants as well as undesirable harmful plants in this crop of crops are cultivated in a soil oversaturated with water for the rice test.
• the agents according to the invention formulated as emulsifiable concentrates are then applied as emulsions with a water quantity of the equivalent of 800 l / ha in different dosages to the surface of the covering earth or poured into the irrigation water during the rice test.
• the pots are then kept in the greenhouse under optimal conditions for further cultivation of the plants.
• the optical assessment of damage to crops and harmful plants takes place after these plants have emerged, i.e. about 2 to 4 weeks after the start of the experiment.
• the compounds Nos. 39, 50, 75 and 84 showed a 90 to 100% activity against Setaria viridis.
• the compounds Nos. 39, 50, 66 and 80 showed a 90 to 100% activity against Stellaria media.
• the compounds Nos. 12 and 32 showed a 100% activity against Matricaria inodora, Chenopodium album and Veronica persica.
• Useful plants and various weeds or grasses were grown in the greenhouse in paper pots of 9 cm in diameter on sandy loam soil until the growth stage of 3-4 leaves and then treated with a water-diluted formulation of the compounds according to the invention, a water quantity of 300 l / ha being applied.
• the plants were assessed visually for any type of damage caused by the active ingredients applied, taking into account in particular the extent of the continued impairment to growth. The evaluation was carried out on a percentage scale (0-100%) compared to the untreated control.
• the compounds Nos. 39, 50, 75 and 80 showed a 90 to 100% activity against Amaranthus retroflexus. With the same application rate, for example, the compounds No. 39 and 80 showed a 90 to 100% activity against Setaria viridis.
• the compounds Nos. 12, 32 and 122 showed an 80 to 100% action against Galium aparine and Fallopia convolvulus.
• compounds Nos. 12, 32, 39, 75 and 105 showed a 100% activity against purple pharbitis.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

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