EP1031008B1 - Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents
Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Download PDFInfo
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- EP1031008B1 EP1031008B1 EP98955667A EP98955667A EP1031008B1 EP 1031008 B1 EP1031008 B1 EP 1031008B1 EP 98955667 A EP98955667 A EP 98955667A EP 98955667 A EP98955667 A EP 98955667A EP 1031008 B1 EP1031008 B1 EP 1031008B1
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- Prior art keywords
- envelope
- fluid
- explosion
- filling
- container
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of artificial triggering of an avalanche and so more general to an artificial triggering process of a natural phenomenon in which one provokes one or several explosions of a fluid in a zone predetermined where we want to trigger this phenomenon.
- the invention can be applied in all areas where a phenomenon can be caused or put into movement by a local overpressure of the atmosphere above the area concerned by the phenomenon.
- the domain targeted by the invention is the artificial triggering of snow avalanches in winter sports resorts and on the sites presenting a potential risk to people, ski areas, ski lifts, roads and access roads, mountain railways and, from Generally, buildings and developments public and private.
- the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this method comprising means to cause at least one explosion of a fluid in a predetermined area where it is desired trigger said phenomenon.
- one of these means is to place or to launch explosive charges such as TNT and to cause the explosion of these charges.
- the explosion causes a breath that sweeps the surface of the mantle snow in the avalanche zone, and a shock wave that shakes the coat of this coat and triggers a avalanche.
- a device comprising a gun, or metal tube, having a closed bottom, and a mouth frontal open towards the snowpack.
- This device also comprises a feed circuit of oxidizing gas from a first source and a fuel gas supply circuit from a second source.
- Nozzles for filling the barrel by these gases are arranged in various zones distributed on the length of this gun and an ignition device is mounted at the back of the barrel.
- a gas mixture is formed inside the barrel, for example a mixture of propane and oxygen, and the explosion of this mixture is caused in the barrel by the ignition device.
- the front mouth of the barrel diffuses the breath and the shock wave caused by the explosion at the surface of the snowpack thus triggering the avalanche.
- US-A-4,873,928 discloses a device to simulate a nuclear explosion but without the radiation. It is intended for the study of explosions of the power of nuclear explosions. These measures includes an expandable envelope, a device for filling the expansible envelope with a mixture gaseous and electrical wires to provoke the explosion.
- the present invention is specifically intended to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a method of artificially triggering an avalanche by at least one explosion of an explosive fluid in a predetermined area, said method comprising a first step of filling at least one envelope flexible with an explosive fluid and a second stage of triggering an explosion of said fluid to the bottom of each envelope, each envelope being destroyed by the explosion of the fluid it contains.
- the fluid can be introduced into the envelope at medium of a diffuser, the diffuser being connected to a source of gas by means of a gas supply line.
- the flexible envelope can be attached directly to the diffuser which can then serve as a fixed support for the flexible envelope during its filling.
- the fluid can be an explosive gas mixture of an oxidizer and a fuel.
- a combustible gas is used as a gaseous fuel.
- This combustible gas can be selected in the group of substances hydrogen, tétraine, acetylene, propane, butane, or a mixture of these substances, preferably hydrogen.
- the oxidant used may be oxygen or ozone, air, or air enriched with oxygen or ozone, preferably air.
- each envelope flexible used shall consist of a material destructible by the explosion of the fluid it contains.
- the material constituting the flexible envelope and the thickness of this material must indeed be chosen in order to release the wave of overpressure created by the explosion of the fluid it contains, without putting too much resistance to this explosion.
- This material must also be able to contain the fluid until the explosion of this last be realized and therefore present some seal.
- the flexible envelope can be in one light material in such a way that for a mixture gas forming a lighter fluid than air surrounding, for example an explosive mixture of hydrogen and air, the envelope is maintained vertical position above the snowpack.
- this envelope can be advantageously biodegradable so as not to pollute the environment.
- a flexible envelope presenting all the features mentioned above is a envelope made of a material chosen from group comprising butyl.
- the thickness of the material constituting the envelope can be for example about 100 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the envelope can be for example a balloon weather type.
- This flexible envelope must also present a volume such that it can contain a volume sufficient fluid, at atmospheric pressure or a little more pressure than this, so that the explosion of this fluid allows to trigger the avalanche.
- the minimum volume of the envelope can be determined by reasoning following, considering that the fluid in the enclosure at atmospheric pressure:
- Equation (I) is the chemical equation of the explosion of the H 2 / oxygen mixture of air: H 2 + 1 / 2O 2 ⁇ H 2 O
- This equation (I) shows that the stoichiometric mixture of the explosion under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (273 ° Kelvin, and 101,325 Pa) comprises two volumes of H 2 for a volume of O 2 .
- the fluid is a hydrogen / air mixture, this corresponds to 30% hydrogen by volume and 70% air by volume.
- 1 m 3 of hydrogen can provide equivalent energy to the explosion of 1.35 kg of TNT. It is therefore preferable to use a volume of hydrogen of 2.2 m 3 so that the detonation power is sufficient, that is to say equivalent to the explosion of 3 kg of TNT, to trigger the avalanche.
- This volume of hydrogen requires an air volume of 6.8 m 3 to obtain a detonating stoichiometric mixture.
- the preferable minimum volume of the chamber for an H 2 / air mixture is therefore 8.9 m 3 when the fluid filling the chamber is at atmospheric pressure.
- the volume of the envelope is chosen in accordance with a volume of explosive fluid sufficient to trigger a avalanche and so also depending on the nature of this fluid.
- This process is therefore evolutionary because it allows also to choose different envelopes volumes depending on climatic conditions and geographical.
- the second stage of the process is a step of triggering an explosion of fluid inside each envelope.
- This explosion can be triggered by means classic triggering an explosion allowing to generate in each enclosure a spark.
- These means can include for example a head of primer, a piezoelectric device, a stone lighter, etc ...
- each envelope causes destruction of it and a propagation of a spherical aerial wave of overpressure that will interest an optimal surface of the snowpack, depending on the volume of the explosive fluid in the enclosure before the explosion, and will shake said surface by triggering an avalanche.
- the flexible envelope (the flexible envelopes) is (are) placed by means of a support above the snowpack, in a predetermined zone, that is to say a zone from which the avalanche can be triggered by a local overpressure of the atmosphere. This area is called “avalanche departure zone” by professionals.
- This envelope (these envelopes) is (are) fixed (s) by means of a support not impeding the propagation of the breath and the shock wave created by the explosion of the fluid above said predetermined zone, for example at a distance of 2 to 3 m from the surface of the snowpack for an envelope (envelopes), having a volume of 10 m 3 , filled with an explosive mixture of hydrogen and air.
- each envelope flexible can be folded into a container corresponding, the filling step of this envelope then includes a deployment phase of said envelope out of said container.
- the container shall be of a material resistant to the explosion of the fluid contained in one of the envelopes when several envelopes folded in several corresponding containers are planned.
- each container can be closed by a cap, the filling step of the corresponding envelope then comprises a phase ejection of said cap so as to allow the deployment of the envelope.
- the cap can be ejected for example by the pressure exerted by the fluid inside the flexible envelope folded into the container during the first step of filling said envelope with the fluid.
- This cap can be biodegradable to not pollute the environment, or remain attached to container so as not to impede the deployment of the envelope outside said container.
- the filling step of each envelope can furthermore, include an air intake phase atmospheric and mixing this air with a suitable gas to form the explosive fluid.
- the correct gas can be selected from the group comprising hydrogen, helium, tétraine, acetylene, propane, methane, etc ... or a mixture of these gases.
- the air can for example be aspirated from the atmosphere and mixed with the gas using a vacuum system type Venturi called below venturi system to be introduced into the envelope, the suitable gas passing through the pressure venturi by causing depression of the ambient air.
- a vacuum system type Venturi called below venturi system to be introduced into the envelope, the suitable gas passing through the pressure venturi by causing depression of the ambient air.
- the venturi system can be chosen from way that for a given flow of gas passing through it, the air / gas mixture formed at the outlet of this venturi, an explosive mixture. In this way, the mixture is performed automatically by the venturi to be introduced into the enclosure.
- a single gas reserve for example hydrogen
- this process does not require a reservoir of gas mixture contrary to the method described page 2, lines 17 to 32 and includes hydraulic equipment reduced, a single gas line connecting the reserve to device being necessary.
- the optimized venturi system the effectiveness and reproducibility of the mixture explosive. This is more of a simple system, Static does not require sharp technology, having few components and therefore having a low cost.
- the fuel can be hydrogen, because the air / hydrogen mixture formed has a relatively explosive mixing range broad in hydrogen concentration, that is to say from 13.5% in volume to 59% in volume, with a maximum of 32.5% hydrogen detonation wave pressure in volume, allowing for an imprecise mix, therefore requiring no particular device for measure such as a flowmeter.
- the diffuser on which can be fixed the enclosure may include the venturi system.
- the introduction of fluid into one of the envelopes and the explosion of the fluid in said envelope can be controlled by a system automatic incrementation.
- This system automatic incrementation allows to control the first and second stages that are related, for each envelope, successively, until all the planned envelopes have been used.
- the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the method of the invention.
- This artificial triggering device for an avalanche by at least one explosion of an explosive fluid in a predetermined zone comprises at least one envelope intended to contain the fluid, means of filling of each envelope with the fluid, means to trigger the explosion of this fluid in each envelope and control means of the filling each envelope and triggering each explosion, each envelope being constituted of a material such that it is destroyed by the explosion fluid it contains.
- the fluid can be an explosive mixture of atmospheric air and less a gas
- said filling means comprise then means for aspirating atmospheric air ambient.
- the suction means of ambient atmospheric air can be systems Venturi type depressors.
- the flexible envelope is made of a material selected from the group comprising butyl.
- a weather-type envelope with a volume of 10 m 3 .
- the triggering means of the explosion in the envelope may include a primer head placed in the envelope, in contact with the fluid it contains.
- the device may further comprise a container for each envelope, said envelope being folded into the corresponding container when it is empty, so that it can exit the container and deploy when the fluid is introduced into the envelope.
- each container can further include an ejector lid when the introduction of the fluid into the envelope.
- Ejectable containers and lid correspondingly advantageously consist of a material capable of withstanding the overpressure caused by the explosion of the fluid of one of the balloons.
- This material is for example chosen in the group comprising polypropylene, for the container, and for the ejectable lid.
- the device when the device comprises several containers they can be fixed on one support anchored to the ground.
- this support can include a first removable part on which are fixed the containers and a second fixed part anchored to the ground.
- the removable part must be able to be fixed on the fixed part so that its position on the fixed part is not affected by the explosion of envelopes.
- the part removable bracket can be replaced, when all the envelopes were used by a new removable part on which are fixed new envelopes and corresponding containers.
- a removable part comprising envelopes of a certain volume can be easily replaced by another removable part with envelopes of a different volume.
- the ground anchor does not require no solid concrete anchor, anchoring means such as anchorage by explosive piles are enough.
- the device according to the invention can therefore be easily transportable, because of the presence of a removable part and a part fixed to the ground by a fast anchoring, and can allow in some cases to avoid a helicopter to be moved.
- the fixed part and / or the part removable can be adjustable in height so as to able to respond to multiple locations of the device of the invention.
- the device must be the most compact possible for a good integration into the site, a good resistance to the winds and the crawling of the snow.
- the second fixed part may include a distributor for a gas distribution in each envelope, filling control means of each of the envelopes, and control means of the explosion of the fluid in each of these envelopes.
- the device can comprise an incrementation control system for the filling and the explosion of fluid in each of envelopes successively.
- the device can comprise preferably means for remote control of filling means of each of the envelopes and of explosion of the fluid in each of these envelopes.
- each container can be of cylindrical shape and can include a first end formed of a bottom and a second end formed by an ejectable cover, said cover being of conical shape.
- the bottom of the container can be crossed by a pipe for supplying a gas, said pipe that can pass through the cylindrical container substantially along its axis of symmetry, and end at the conical cover by a diffuser on which the envelope may be affixed, diffuser being intended to introduce the fluid into the envelope.
- the diffuser may comprise a venturi system, comprising a lateral suction port of the air atmospheric environment, said orifice being preferably located at the conical cover of to facilitate the aspiration of the air.
- support can support 10, 15, 20 or 25 containers depending on the avalanche trigger frequency envisaged in a winter season.
- the gas is preferably hydrogen.
- the device according to the invention comprising preferably several envelopes, is implanted in a predetermined zone corresponding to a departure zone an avalanche.
- the device of the invention can be connected to a command post placed preferably away from the device according to the invention, that is to say in a non-avalanche zone.
- This order item can understand for example the storage of gas, for example Hydrogen, an electronic control system of the device according to the invention, a transmitter / receiver of remote control of the control station, and a battery device and solar panels for ensure the power supply.
- the device according to the invention presents many benefits such as volume and weight reduced, high mobility, good integration in the landscape, a command and reserve station of reduced gas, reduced hydraulic equipment, stoichiometric explosive mixture obtained automatically, a minimal cost price, a large efficiency and a great respect for the environment.
- the represented device consists essentially of a envelope 2, in the form of a balloon type meteorological system in butyl, deployed, filled with a fluid 3 consisting of a mixture of hydrogen and air.
- This envelope 2 is fixed, by means of a collar 6 of maintaining the envelope, on a diffuser 5 intended for introduce the fluid into the envelope.
- the diffuser 5 is fed with hydrogen under a pressure of 3 to 6 Bar by a pipe 7 of gas supply, the supply of the gas in this envelope being controlled by a solenoid valve 9.
- a container 11 in which the envelope was refolded before being filled by the fluid, and a ejection cover 13, which was ejected at the filling the envelope with the fluid.
- the container 11 is fixed on a support 15.
- An electric 4 primer head is placed in the envelope so that it is in contact with the explosive fluid introduced into this envelope.
- This leader is connected to control means triggering the explosion of fluid in envelope (not shown in this figure) by means of of 8 conductors of electricity.
- This head could also have been placed at the level of venturi system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of an enlargement of a cross section of the diffuser 5 on which is attached the envelope 2.
- the diffuser 5 includes a system venturi on which is provided a lateral orifice 17 ambient atmospheric air suction.
- This system venturi can inject atmospheric air ambient in the casing by suction, the flow hydrogen under pressure in this system by being the engine so as to form the explosive fluid.
- the Venturi system is chosen according to a pressure of hydrogen from 3 to 6 Bar at the entrance of this system.
- the conduit 7 supplying H 2 through the diffuser is a suitable tube for supplying a gas having a diameter of about 30 mm.
- the hydrogen / air mixture formed comprises from 25 to 35% hydrogen by volume and 75 to 65% of air in volume.
- the 8 conductors of electricity intended for feed the primer head 4 for triggering the explosion of fluid in the envelope are also represented in this figure.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a embodiment of a device 1 according to the present invention having several envelopes 2 folded in corresponding 11 containers, showing in cross section a container 11 in which a envelope 2 is folded so that it can get out of this container and deploy when the fluid is introduced into the envelope.
- Each container is from cylindrical shape and has a diameter of 60 to 80 mm.
- a lid 13, conical, ejectable closes each container 11 so as to protect the corresponding envelope until filled by the fluid.
- the orifice 17 side of each venturi system is located under the cover 13 ejectable so as to suck easily atmospheric air when hydrogen is injected through this system.
- the pressure exerted by the fluid in the envelope causes the ejection of the cover 13 so as to be able to leave the container and unfold.
- the containers are fixed on a support 15 forming a first removable part 19 of the device, said first removable part 19 being fixed on a fixed support 23, anchored to the ground 25, having a floor height of 1 to 2.5 m.
- the diet of each container is made by a solenoid valve 9 having a temperature resistance of -20 ° C fed in low voltage at 12 or 24 V. All solenoid valves are grouped on a single distributor 19 placed on the support 23 fixed.
- the fixed support 23 also includes a distributor 27 of electrical control of solenoid valves 9 and primer heads in each envelope (not shown) linked to each solenoid valve and each primer head by means of a electric multi-conductor cable 29.
- This distributor 27 is carefully shielded by means of a box metallic and grounded.
- the containers are factory assembled, this assembly includes setting up a leader head in each envelope, an assembly and a fixation of each envelope on a diffuser, a folding of each envelope in each corresponding container and a mounting a tapered ejector lid on each container.
- Device 1 is placed in a starting area avalanches.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view from above of removable support 19 on which are distributed in a circle 17 containers 11 and corresponding envelopes 2. This number can be changed depending on the frequency triggering avalanches in a winter season.
- FIG. 5 is a general diagram of a device 1 according to the invention and its control station 31.
- the control station 31 is located at the top compared to the avalanche departure zone in which is placed the device 1.
- the control station 31 is composed of a shelter 32 Faradise heliportable in functional position.
- Each bottle has a volume of 50 1 and contains 9000 liters of hydrogen at a pressure of 180 Bar. This represents in total for 11 bottles a volume of 99,000 liters of hydrogen available at atmospheric pressure. Considering that the hydrogen is expanded at a pressure of 4 bar for filling the envelopes, the available volume will be 176 x 50 x 11 or 96800 liters of hydrogen.
- the shelter is placed on the ground on a wire mesh, the ground plane being grounded and anchored. Air vents high and low, protected from snow insects, are provided to prevent any accumulation hydrogen in the shelter.
- the shelter is protected against intrusions by a locked door not shown.
- Connections are planned between the control 31 and the device 1 according to the invention. These connections are a tube 33 for supplying hydrogen to the station 31 to the device 1, and a cable 39 of control transmission of solenoid valves 9 and primer heads of each envelope.
- the tube 33 is a medium pressure tube, sheathed by a metal tube of mechanical protection and shielded and anchored far and wide between the post of command and device 1 to prevent it from being snatched by creeping snow or scree.
- the shielding of this tube is connected to the mass of the shelter and to the mass of the device 1.
- the inner diameter of this tube is 8 to 10 mm in order to reduce the losses of loads on the length.
- the main solenoid valve 35 controls the supply of the hydrogen from the control station to the device 1 to through the tube 33, the 37 HP / BP monodetender, 180/10 Bar for adjusting a static pressure of hydrogen at the outlet of this monodetendeur, in the tube 33, at 4 to 6 Bar.
- the static pressure at the outlet of single regulator 37 is set according to the length of the tube 33 between the control station and the device 1.
- the static pressure of hydrogen in the tube 33 and the rolling diameter of each solenoid valve 9 are decisive for the filling time of each envelope.
- This filling time is preferably 1 to 2 minutes to take account in particular wind, friction of each envelope on roughness of the device, etc.
- the cable 39 is a multipair cable, shielded, with mechanical and electrical protection. he has a number of pairs in relation to the number of envelopes provided on the device 1. Each pair is shielded.
- This cable 39 makes the electrical connection between the control station 31 and the dispatcher 27 of electrical control of solenoid valves 9 and heads primer not shown, each envelope.
- the outputs of the faradised shelter that is to say the passages of the electrical cables 39 of the average tube 33 hydrogen transport pressure to the device 1, antenna 49, solar panel 51, through this shelter, are protected by coaxstop systems or equivalents.
- An electronic coding system allows a automatic incrementation, filling control and explosion, an envelope destroyed to a envelope folded into a container.
- the following example is an example of how of the device according to the invention.
- the transmitter / receiver 43 in the control station 31 is on standby thanks to the power supply electric battery and solar panel. he can be activated for example by radio control from a general command center in a runway service following the following block diagram:
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Description
- la figure 1 est un schéma du dispositif selon l'invention illustrant une enveloppe remplie par le fluide explosif ;
- la figure 2 est un schéma d'un agrandissement d'une coupe transversale d'un diffuseur comprenant un système venturi sur lequel est fixée une enveloppe ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif de la présente invention comportant plusieurs conteneurs et enveloppes correspondantes, montrant en coupe transversale un conteneur dans lequel une enveloppe est repliée ;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe du dessus du dispositif selon l'invention dans lequel plusieurs conteneurs sont prévus ;
- la figure 5 est un schéma général d'un dispositif selon l'invention et de son poste de commande.
- avoir un dispositif le plus compact possible (intégration dans le site, tenue aux vents, reptation de la neige, masse, etc...),
- être réglable en hauteur (un système unique doit répondre à des emplacements multiples),
- ne pas nécessiter de massif de béton d'ancrage (ancrage par pieux explosifs ou autres moyens rapides),
- être transportable facilement (démontage) pour éviter autant que possible un héliportage,
- les porte-ballons doivent supporter la surpression due à l'explosion d'un des ballons (pression max de l'explosion 10 à 15 Bar, la surpression sur les porte-ballons ne devrait pas dépasser quelques centaines de mBar.
- une réserve d'hydrogène 47 sous forme d'un cadre comprenant de 9 à 11 bouteilles,
- une électrovanne 35 principale et un monodétendeur 37 HP/BP (haute pression/basse pression) 180/10 Bar,
- une alimentation en puissance électrique nécessaire pour faire fonctionner les moyens de commande du dispositif selon l'invention comprenant deux batteries de 12 V, 80 Ah, calorifugées, en tampon avec un panneau solaire 51, 24 V, 1000 W, placé sur l'abri.
- une armoire électronique de contrôle de commande comprenant une interface entre un émetteur/récepteur 43 et un moyen de commande 41 des électrovannes 9 de remplissage de chaque enveloppe et des moyens de déclenchement de l'explosion du fluide dans chaque enveloppe.
- un moyen de commande 45 de remplissage de chaque enveloppe et de déclenchement de l'explosion correspondante,
- une antenne 49 d'émission/réception permettant de commander à distance le poste de commande, et un paratonnerre 53 de protection de l'abri contre la foudre.
Claims (25)
- Procédé de déclenchement artificiel d'une avalanche par au moins une explosion d'un fluide explosif dans une zone prédéterminés, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première étape de remplissage d'au moins une enveloppe souple avec un fluide explosif et une deuxième étape de déclenchement d'une explosion dudit fluide à l'intérieur de chaque enveloppe, chaque enveloppe étant détruits par l'explosion du fluide qu'elle contient.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque enveloppe souple étant repliée dans un conteneur correspondant, l'étape de remplissage de cette enveloppe comprend une phase de déploiement de ladite enveloppe hors dudit conteneur.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel chaque conteneur étant fermé par un capuchon, l'étape de remplissage de l'enveloppe correspondante comprend une phase d'éjection dudit capuchon de façon à permettre le déploiement de l'enveloppe.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'étape de remplissage de chaque enveloppe comprend une phase d'aspiration de l'air atmosphérique et de mélange de cet air avec un gaz adéquat de manière à former le fluide explosif.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel plusieurs enveloppes étant prévues, on commande de façon indépendante, pour chaque enveloppe, la première et la deuxième étapes qui sont liées.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel on commande à distance successivement le remplissage des différentes enveloppes et leur explosion.
- Dispositif (1)de déclenchement artificiel d'une avalanche par au moins une explosion d'un fluide explosif dans une zone prédéterminée, ledit dispositif comprenant au moins une enveloppe (2) destinée à contenir le fluide explosif (3), des moyens (5) de remplissage de chaque enveloppe par le fluide, des moyens (4) pour déclencher l'explosion de ce fluide dans chaque enveloppe et des moyens de commande (31) du remplissage de chaque enveloppe et de déclenchement de chaque explosion, chaque enveloppe (2) étant constituée d'un matériau tel qu'elle soit détruite par l'explosion du fluide qu'elle contient, ledit dispositif comprenant en outre un conteneur (11) pour chaque enveloppe (2), ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe est repliée dans le conteneur correspondant lorsqu'elle est vide de telle manière qu'elle puisse sortir dudit conteneur et se déployer lorsque le fluide est introduit dans l'enveloppe.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le fluide étant un mélange explosif d'air atmosphérique et d'au moins un gaz, lesdits moyens (5) de remplissage comprennent des moyens d'aspiration (17) de l'air atmosphérique ambiant.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, dans lequel les moyens d'aspiration de l'air atmosphérique ambiant sont des systèmes venturi.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, dans lequel les moyens (4) de déclenchement de l'explosion dans l'enveloppe comprennent une tête d'amorce (4).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, dans lequel chaque conteneur (11) comprend en outre un couvercle (13) éjectable lors de l'introduction du fluide (3) dans l'enveloppe (2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, comprenant plusieurs conteneurs (11) fixés sur un support (19) ancré au sol (25).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le support (19) comprend une première partie (15) amovible sur laquelle sont fixés les conteneurs (11), et une deuxième partie fixe (23) ancrée au sol.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la deuxième partie fixe (23) comprend un répartiteur (21) pour une distribution de gaz dans chaque enveloppe et des moyens de commande (27) de remplissage et d'explosion du fluide dans chacune des enveloppes.
- Dispositif selon La revendication 12, comprenant un système de commande d'incrémentation pour le remplissage et l'explosion du fluide dans chacune des enveloppes successivement.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 12, dans lequel chaque conteneur (11) est de forme cylindrique et comprend une première extrémité fermée d'un fond et une deuxième extrémité fermée par le couvercle (13) éjectable, ledit couvercle étant de forme conique.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le fond du conteneur (13) est traversé par une conduite d'amenée d'un gaz, ladite conduite (7) traversant le conteneur cylindrique sensiblement suivant son axe de symétrie et se terminant au niveau du couvercle conique (13) par un diffuseur (5) sur lequel est fixé l'enveloppe, ledit diffuseur étant destiné à introduire le fluide dans l'enveloppe (2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 17, dans lequel le diffuseur (5) comprenant un système venturi, ledit système venturi comprend un orifice (17) d'aspiration de l'air ambiant atmosphérique situé au niveau du couvercle conique (13).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 18, dans lequel le gaz est de l'hydrogène.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le gaz étant de l'hydrogène, les enveloppes (2) souples utilisées sont des enveloppes de type météorologique d'un volume de 10 m3.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 20, dans lequel le matériau de l'enveloppe est choisi dans le groupe comprenant le butyle.
- Utilisation d'un dispositif comprenant au moins une enveloppe (2) destinée à contenir un fluide explosif (3), des moyens (5) de remplissage de chaque enveloppe par le fluide, des moyens (4) pour déclencher l'explosion de ce fluide dans chaque enveloppe et des moyens de commande (31) du remplissage de chaque enveloppe et de déclenchement de chaque explosion, chaque enveloppe étant constituée d'un matériau tel qu'elle soit (détruite par l'explosion du fluide qu'elle contient, caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif est utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la revendication 1.
- Utilisation d'un dispositif selon la revendication 22, dans lequel le fluide étant un mélange explosif d'air atmosphérique et d'au moins un gaz, lesdits moyens (5) de remplissage comprennent des moyens d'aspiration (17) de l'air atmosphérique ambiant.
- Utilisation d'un dispositif selon la revendication 23, dans lequel les moyens d'aspiration de l'air atmosphérique ambiant sont des systèmes venturi.
- Utilisation d'un dispositif selon la revendication 22, dans lequel les moyens de déclenchement de l'explosion dans l'enveloppe (2) comprennent une tête d'amorce (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9714366 | 1997-11-17 | ||
FR9714366A FR2771168B1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1997-11-17 | Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
PCT/FR1998/002441 WO1999026039A1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1998-11-16 | Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1031008A1 EP1031008A1 (fr) | 2000-08-30 |
EP1031008B1 true EP1031008B1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=9513431
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955667A Expired - Lifetime EP1031008B1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1998-11-16 | Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6324982B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1031008B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4180794B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE234457T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2310113C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69812150T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2194364T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2771168B1 (fr) |
IS (1) | IS5474A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO318333B1 (fr) |
TR (1) | TR200001359T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999026039A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007096524A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Technologie Alpine De Securite - Tas | Dispositif de declenchement d’avalanche |
DE102009037705A1 (de) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-03-03 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2811420B1 (fr) | 2000-07-05 | 2003-01-17 | Giat Ind Sa | Projectile pour le declenchement d'avalanches |
US7707938B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2010-05-04 | Hisel Stanley D | Apparatus and method for avalanche control |
US7819063B1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-10-26 | Matthew D. Lehman | Inflatable explosive breaching device |
FR2925152B1 (fr) | 2007-12-14 | 2013-06-28 | Technologie Alpine De Securite T A S | Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanches |
US8104406B1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2012-01-31 | Shulte David J | Explosive device |
US8065959B1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-11-29 | Shulte David J | Explosive device |
FR2953922B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-12-09 | Technologie Alpine De Securite Tas | Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanches |
FR2958739B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-09 | 2012-05-11 | Technologie Alpine De Securite Tas | Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanche |
FR2964732B1 (fr) | 2010-09-14 | 2013-06-14 | Alp Artifices | Projectile pour declenchement d'avalanche |
RU2458201C2 (ru) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-08-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Летно-исследовательский институт имени М.М. Громова" | Способ вызова сброса снежных лавин |
CN102636085A (zh) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-15 | 吴德滨 | 空雷 |
FR2988389A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-27 | Alp Artifices | Composition deflagrante pour le declanchement d'avalanche et procede de declenchement d'avalanche |
CN104863065B (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-02-01 | 同济大学 | 一种用于防治落石的阻力缓冲装置 |
US9568918B1 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-02-14 | Southwest Research Institute | Balloon system |
US11333474B2 (en) * | 2016-08-07 | 2022-05-17 | Explosive Alternatives, Inc. | Apparatus and method for blasting |
US10968579B2 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-04-06 | Avy Blasters, LLC | Avalanche control device |
FR3101940B1 (fr) | 2019-10-10 | 2021-10-15 | Tech Alpine De Securite Tas | Système de déclenchement d’avalanches |
CN113513955A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-19 | 中国葛洲坝集团国际工程有限公司 | 一种竖井疏通爆破方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3658005A (en) * | 1970-04-08 | 1972-04-25 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Fuel-air explosive device |
DE2021646A1 (de) * | 1970-05-02 | 1971-11-11 | Comet Appbau Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Raeumen von Minenfeldern |
CA1140809A (fr) * | 1979-10-24 | 1983-02-08 | Ici Canada Inc. | Produit de sautage sous sac rectangulaire thermoscelle fait de pellicule thermoplastique |
GB2199289A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-06 | Nash Frazer Ltd | Minefield clearing systems |
US4873928A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-10-17 | Apti, Inc. | Nuclear-sized explosions without radiation |
FR2636729B1 (fr) | 1988-09-19 | 1990-12-07 | Schippers Jacob | Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche |
FR2628197B1 (fr) * | 1988-03-03 | 1990-08-03 | Schippers Jacob | Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche |
AR245818A1 (es) * | 1988-03-03 | 1994-02-28 | Schippers Jacob | Dispositivo para desencadenar un alud. |
AT407576B (de) * | 1996-04-10 | 2001-04-25 | Innova Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum auslösen einer lawine od.dgl. |
-
1997
- 1997-11-17 FR FR9714366A patent/FR2771168B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-16 JP JP2000521358A patent/JP4180794B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-16 WO PCT/FR1998/002441 patent/WO1999026039A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-16 EP EP98955667A patent/EP1031008B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 CA CA002310113A patent/CA2310113C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-16 US US09/554,218 patent/US6324982B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 DE DE69812150T patent/DE69812150T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 ES ES98955667T patent/ES2194364T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 TR TR2000/01359T patent/TR200001359T2/xx unknown
- 1998-11-16 AT AT98955667T patent/ATE234457T1/de active
-
2000
- 2000-04-27 IS IS5474A patent/IS5474A/is unknown
- 2000-05-08 NO NO20002393A patent/NO318333B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007096524A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Technologie Alpine De Securite - Tas | Dispositif de declenchement d’avalanche |
FR2897931A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-31 | Technologie Alpine De Securite | Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanche |
DE102009037705A1 (de) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-03-03 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
DE102009037705B4 (de) * | 2009-08-18 | 2014-03-27 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1031008A1 (fr) | 2000-08-30 |
IS5474A (is) | 2000-04-27 |
CA2310113C (fr) | 2006-11-14 |
FR2771168A1 (fr) | 1999-05-21 |
NO20002393D0 (no) | 2000-05-08 |
TR200001359T2 (tr) | 2001-02-21 |
JP2001523809A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
ATE234457T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
ES2194364T3 (es) | 2003-11-16 |
DE69812150T2 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
CA2310113A1 (fr) | 1999-05-27 |
DE69812150D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
JP4180794B2 (ja) | 2008-11-12 |
NO20002393L (no) | 2000-07-17 |
US6324982B1 (en) | 2001-12-04 |
FR2771168B1 (fr) | 1999-12-10 |
NO318333B1 (no) | 2005-03-07 |
WO1999026039A1 (fr) | 1999-05-27 |
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